2022-2023學(xué)年山東省濟(jì)南市高三上學(xué)期期末英語(yǔ)試卷（解析版）

2022?2023學(xué)年山東省濟(jì)南市高三（上）期末英語(yǔ)試卷

題號(hào)一二三四五總分

得分

注意事項(xiàng)：

1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫在答題卡上。

2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑；如需改動(dòng)，用

橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí)，將答案寫在答題卡上，寫在試卷上無(wú)效。

3.考試結(jié)束后，本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第I卷（選擇題）

一、閱讀理解（本大題共15小題，共37.5分）

A

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

SCHOOLSPONSORSHIP

SponsorTeenInk'sfuturemagazinesforanyspecificschoolorregionthatisimportanttoyouandbring

yourmessagetoalargeaudienceofstudents,parentsandteachers.Wewillprintyournameonthecover

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Call（617）964-6800fordetailsandcost.

Howschoolsponsorshipworks：

YYouselecttheschools一asmanyasyouwant一toreceivefutureTeenInkmagazines.

YYourcompany'snamewillappearonthecoverofeverymonthlyissuefortheschoolsyousponsor.

YYourtotalcostforafullyearisonly$195perschoolfor30copiesamonth—that's300copiesper

schoolyear.

Advantagesforyourorganization：

YYourmessagereachesalargeaudienceofstudents,parentsandteachers,whichtellsthemyoucare

aboutteens,theirvoicesandtheireducation.

YWecontacttheschoolsexplainingyoursponsorshipandyoursupportofteensinthecommunity.

YWeshipthemagazinesdirectlytotheschools.Thereisnoextraworkorexpenseforyou.

YYouwillbeworkingwithanorganizationthathas14-yearexperiencewithteens,schoolsandeducators.

Advantagesforthestudentsyousponsor：

YTeensareconnectedwiththeirpeersnationwideataplacethatisspecificallytheirs.Studentshavethe

opportunitytosubmittheirworkforpublishinginourmagazine,bookseriesandwebsite.

YStudentsgainimportantreading,writingandcommunicationskillsnecessaryforsuccessinschooland

theworkplace.

1.WhatwillmotivateacompanytosponsorTeenInk?

A.Highprofit.B.Zerocost.

C.Publicreputation.D.Specificmagazines.

2.Whatbenefitcanthesponsoredstudentsget?

A.Moreattentionfromthepublic.B.Greateraccesstobigcompanies.

C.Agoodpriceforthemagazines.D.Achancetopublishtheirworks.

3.Whoisthetextintendedfor?

A.Experiencedteachers.B.Potentialsponsors.

C.Brilliantstudents.D.Devotedparents.

B

Mostteenagerskilltimeplayingvideogames,orsurfingTikTok.NotWilliamGadoury,a14-year-old

fromMatha,Quebec.WilliamGadouryhasbeencrazyabouttheMayansformostofhischildhood,ever

sincehisgrandparentsboughthimbooksaboutthecivilization.Whatstartedasahobbyatage12

snowballedintoseriousresearch,andhetheorizedthatthelocationsofMayancitiesmightcorrespondto

starsinMayanconstellations（星座）.

Usingancientbooks,Gadouryanalyzed22Mayanconstellationmapsandcoveredthepositionsonto

GoogleEarthimagesoftheYucatanPeninsula,whichtothisdayishometolargelocalpopulationsand

somebest-preservedarchitecturefromMayanculture.HewouldtracktheconstellationsfromGoogle

Earthusingspecialsheets,coveringthemontothepositionofMayancitiesonapapermap.Theteenwas

abletoshowthat117Mayancitiesmatchedupwiththepositionofthestars,withthebrighteststars

representingbiggercities.

ButwhenGadourywasworkingonthe23rdMayanconstellation,hefoundaconflict：threestars,butonly

twoancientcitiesonGoogleEarth.ThethirdstarpointedtoalocationontheMexico-Belize

border.However,theareawascoveredwiththickjungle,leavingGadourystuck.

Luckily,heaskedNASAforimagesfromtheirRADARSAT-2satellite.Indeed,therewasasquare,

man-made-lookingstructureintheheavyfbrest.Gadourythenlearnedafirehadsweptacrosstheregion,

thinningoutthegrasscover.Hefoundimagesfromtheagency,andeventuallyconcludedthattherewas

indeedacitythere.

Gadoury'sfindingseventuallytookhimintothejunglein2022tosearchonfoot,alongwithscientist

FranciscoBell.TheteamdiscoveredafarmingvillagedeepintheMexicanjungle,whichshowedthe

''backbone'*oftheMaya'slong-termsuccess,whichwasdowntotheirabilitytoworkthelandandsupport

largecities.

4.WhatisGadoury'sfindingmainlyabout?

A.ThevillagesintheMexicanjungle.

B.TheimagesfromNASAsatellites.

C.TheoriginsofMayanculture.

D.ThelocationsofMayancities.

5.HowdidGadourycarryouthisresearchaccordingtoParagraph2?

A.Bytrackingthebest-preservedbuildingonmaps.

B.Byanalyzing117Mayancitiesinancientbooks.

C.Bycheckingstarmapsagainstsatelliteimages.

D.ByupdatingtheGoogleEarthontheInternet.

6.WhatmadeitdifficultforGadourytofindthethirdcityofthe23rdMayanstars?

A.Athickforest.B.Aforestfire.C.Fundshortage.D.Badweather.

7.WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesGadoury?

A.Cheerful.B.Intelligent.C.Ambitious.D.Sympathetic.

c

Imagineanewsmartphoneproduct.ltworksthesameasanyothersmartphone,butwhendropped，those

cracksthatappearafteranannoyingfallslowlybegintofadeaway,andthephonemagicallyrepairsitself、

AteamofresearchersledbychemistryprofessorTakuzoAidahavefoundawaytocreateself-repairing

plasticsthatcanbeusedinsmartphones,carsandotherproducts.Buttheirnewplasticswon'tonlybeused

tocreateunbreakableproducts,butalsohelpthefightagainstgrowingwastesharmingtheplanet.

91%ofplasticisnon-recyclableandfillingEarthwithwaste.Theincreasingplasticinlandfillsisa

growingconcernduetoitsnegativeenvironmentalimpact.In2019aboutonly9%ofplasticswererecycled

globally,leadingJapanesescientiststoseektofindplasticthatcanstartitsownformationorself-repair.

Theself-repairingplasticsaremadebyaddingatinyamountofaspecializedsubstanceintoordinary

plastictoholdthemonomers（單體）togetherbyhydrogenbonds（氫鍵）.Whenthenewplasticisbroken

downbyheat,insteadofburningtowaste,thehydrogenbondsmixandallowfortheformationofspecial

shapedmonomerstocreateafoundationformoremonomerstolayeronandrebuilditself.Theteamfound

thattheirself-healingplasticwasabletoautomaticallyrepairatroomtemperatureoveranhourtoregain

itsdurability.

Theteam'sworksuggestsgreatprospectsforthefutureofplastic,"Thetechniquecouldleadtothe

developmentofamade-to-lastplasticthatdoesnotneedtoberecycled,"leadprofessorAidasaidatthe

conference,“andcanonedaybeinproductsfromsmartphonestocarsandevenbuildings."

8.Whatisthespecialfeatureofthenewplastics?

A.Hardtobreak.B.Cheaptoproduce.

C.Goodtohealth.D.Easytorecycle.

9.Whatdrovescientiststosearchforthenewplastics?

A.Globalwarming.B.Industrialneeds.

C.Economiccrisis.D.Greenawareness.

10.WhatdoesParagraph3mainlytellusaboutthenewplastic?

A.Itssocialeffect.B.Itsmainfunction.

C.Itsworkingprinciple.D.Itseconomicvalue.

11.WhatisAida'sattitudetowardsthenewplastic?

A.Doubtful.B.Favorable.C.Disapproving.D.Unconcerned.

D

Radiocarbondatinghasrevealedtwofake（偽造的）paintingsinFrance——probablythefirsttimethe

techniquehasbeenusedinapoliceinvestigation.Thepaintingsweresupposedlyworksfromaroundthe

earlytwentiethcentury.ButateamledbyscientistLucileBeckattheUniversityofParis-Saclaydated

themtosometimewithinthepast70years.

Theuseofradiocarbondatingisgainingpopularity,thankstoadvancesthatrequiresmallersamplesthan

everbefbre.Removingtiniersamplesfromartworkisbecomingmoretomuseumsandownersof

paintings.Ifthereisachancethatapaintingisgenuine一andthereforevaluable一theydon'twantthe

collectionoflargersamplestodamageit.

Alllivingthingstakeincarbon,includingradioactivecarbon-14,fromtheatmosphereandfrom

food.Whenaplantcommonlyusedtomakeoilpaintingclothdies,thecarbon-14thatitcontained

continuestofalloff.Radiocarbondatingmeasureswhat'slefttoestimatethetimethafspassed,says

MariaelenaFedi,aphysicistattheNationalInstituteforNuclearPhysicsinFlorence,Italy.

Atomic-bomb（原子彈）testing,whichbeganinthe1940sandtookoffinthe1950s,quicklyincreased

theamountofcarbon-14intheatmosphere.Carbon-14peakedaround1964andwentdownafterapartial

banonnucleartests.Researcherscaneasilyidentifymaterialscontainingmodernbomb-produced

radiocarbonbecausetheircarbon-14concentrationsarehigherthanpre-1950slevels.Beck'steamtestedits

samplestoseewhethertheyborethefeatureofthatbomb-producedradioactivecarbon-14.

Thecanvasfiberfromthepaintingsclearlycontainedcarbonfromeitherthemid-1950soraftertheyear

2000,theresearchersreported.Beckacknowledgedthat,ideally,theteamwoulddofurtherchemical

analysistosupportitsfindings,buttheresearcherswerelimitedbythetighttime.

12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"palatable"inParagraph2probablymean?

A.Impressive.B.Acceptable.C.Expensive.D.Difficult.

13.Howdoesradiocarbondatingwork?

A.Byanalyzingsamplesfromartwork.

B.Byremovingthesmallersamples.

C.Bymeasuringthecarbon-14left.

D.Bytestingthecarboninthesample.

14.Whatcanwelearnaboutatomic-bombtestinginParagraph4?

A.Itproducesmorecarbon-14.

B.Ithelpsidentifyfakepaintings.

C.itreducescarbonconcentration.

D.Ithasbeenstoppedcompletely.

15.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.Paintingswaitingtobeidentified

B.TwofakepaintingsfoundinFrance

C.Newtechnologyinpaintingbecomesahit

D.Radiocarbondatingprovesananti-fakehelper

二、閱讀七選五(本大題共5小題，共12.5分)

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

Whatisheritage?Thewordcanbedifficulttodefine.Heritageisalwayssomethingthatispasseddownby

familiesorothergroupsformanyyears.(1)Itcanalsobethecustoms,traditions,andvaluessharedby

groupsofpeople.Onewaytothinkaboutheritageistobreakitdownintothreegroups.Thesearethe

tangible(有形的)，thenatural,andtheintangible.

(2)Itcanincludemanyhuman-madeobjectsthatholdculturalvalue.Someexamplesarenational

monumentsandworksofart.Manyancientsitesarealsopartofthisgroup.Onasmallerscale,afamily

homecanbepartofanindividual'sheritage.

Manypartsofthenaturalworldarealsoimportanttoculturalheritage.Thiscanincludebodiesofwater,

plantlife,landformsandmore.OneexampleistheNileRiver.(3)Effortstoprotectnaturalheritageare

keyinmanycultures.

Theintangiblegroupincludesanypartofculturalheritagethatyoucan*tfeelthroughtouch.Maybeyou've

readaboutformsofdance,likeFlamencodancing.YoumightknowaboutthemusicofMariachiBandsor

holidayslikeEid.Theseareallexamplesofintangibleheritage.(4)Exploringyourownheritagecanbe

fun.Itcanhelpyoulearnaboutyourself,yourfamily,andyourancestors.Butit'salsoimportanttolearn

abouttheheritageofothers.(5)Itcanalsoleadyoutofindthingsyoumayhaveincommonwithothers!

A.Theyaretreasuresthatcanbetouched.

B.Whattangibleitemscanbepartofheritage?

C.However,heritageisn'tlimitedtoconcreteobjects.

□.Languages,holidaysandcustomsalsomakethelist.

E.Therefbre,it*sdifficulttoprotectthemfromfadingaway.

F.Doingsocanhelpyoubuildastrongerunderstandingofothercultures.

G.IlhasbeenpartofculturalheritageinmanyAfricannationsforcenturies.

16.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.E

F.FG.G

17.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

18.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

19.A.AB.BC.CD.DE.E

F.FG.G

20.A.AB.Bc.cD.DE.E

F.FG.G

三、完形填空(本大題共15小題，共15.0分)

閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

Iwasastay-at-homedad,whichgavemeplentyoftimetocook.EversinceIwasakid,cookinghadbeen

oneofmy.(21).Mydadhadgivenmesomegreatadvice."Ifyou'regonnacook,“hebegan,nyoumight

aswellmakesureit*stasty.'1Sowiththat(22),I'dsetaboutmakingeachdishas(23)asIcould.Ifigured

thatifsomethinglookedand(24)goodthen,chanceswere,itwouldtastegreattoo.

Oneday,IwasontheInternetwhenInoticedmybestfriend,Davehad(25),avideoofhimcooking.He

was(26)withTheFatheringProject,anon-profitorganizationthathelpedmenbethebestdadstheycould.

"We'realwayslookingforcontent,“hesaid.HCanyou(27)yourvideoswithus?*'Iwasmorethanhappy

to(28)otherfatherstogetintothekitchen.SoIstartedto(29)videosofmycooking.Ialsogaveviewers

plentyof(30)."Thekitchencanbeaplaceto(31)withothers,"Itoldthem.Mysonanddaughterhelped

mewithwashingandcutting,butmostimportantly,weallshareda(32)witheachother,

Myvideosgrewso(33)thatdadsaroundthecountryweresettingoutformysuggestions.Itsbeenan

enormous(34)totransformmyenthusiasmintosomethingthat'shelpingothers.Ihopemyvideoswill

keepgivingdadsatasteofthe(35)cookingbringstoourlives.

21.A.choicesB.jobsC.passionsD.dreams

22.A.evidenceB.philosophyC.permitD.warning

23.A.largeB.simpleC.memorableD.expensive

24.A.smeltB.soundedC.remainedD.felt

25.A.reservedB.postedC.downloadedD.sold

26.A.settledB.satisfiedC.comparedD.involved

27.A.shareB.exchangeC.troubleD.confirm

28.A.qualifyB.requireC.encourageD.persuade

29.A.reviewB.filmC.watchD.select

30.A.likesB.ordersC.requestsD.tips

31.A.argueB.competeC.connectD.agree

32.A.laughB.faithC.lessonD.discussion

33.A.familiarB.popularC.wildD.visible

34.A.chanceB.pleasureC.responsibilityD.task

35.A.magicB.energyC.failD.effect

第n卷(非選擇題)

四、語(yǔ)法填空(本大題共1小題，共15.0分)

36.閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

AlmosteverythinginspiredtheancestorsofChinesetocreatediversedecorativepatternsonobjects

rangingfromdailylifeneedstopureartworks.Theycarriedgoodandlucky⑴(mean)andwere

possessedofhighvalue,drivingnumerouspeopletoprotectthem.However,thehugenumberof

thesedecorationsincreasesthedifficultyofconservationeffbrts.Fortunately,manyChineseartists

havebeenconsideringvariouswaystopassdownthisculture(2)thenextgeneration.HuangQingsui,

(3)Zhuangethnicartdesigner,numbersamongtheseartists.Hestartedcollectingdecorativepatterns

fromruralareasandrecordedtheminanonlinedatabasein2013thatnow⑷(contain)morethan

20,000traditionaldecorations.

Managingthedatabaseconsistsofthreesteps.Thefirstiscollectingthesetraditionalpatternsthrough

variouschannels,includinginvestigatingandvisitingplaceswherethesedecorationsmayhavebeen

passeddownor(5)(contact)museumsandexperts.Aftertrackingdownadecorativepattern,

Huangandhisteamfakephotosand⑹(digital)reproducethepatternsoncomputer.Duringthe

process,theyoftenneedtorestoredamagedpatterns,especially(7)itcomestodecorativepatterns

onclothingbecausetheytendtobefadedormisshapen.Thelaststepinvolvescollectingthedataand

checkingandcorrectinganymistakes(8)mayhaveoccurredduringtheearliersteps.

Thebeauty⑼(hold)intraditionalpatternshasinspiredChinesedesignerstofind(10)(they)

ownstyleandemotionalbondsinsteadofjustcaringaboutfunctionandformwhendesigningtheir

works.

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

五、書面表達(dá)(本大題共2小題，共40.0分)

37.你校外教Frank受邀本周末在學(xué)校報(bào)告廳做報(bào)告。因特殊原因，學(xué)校將報(bào)告調(diào)整為線上

舉行。假如你是李華，請(qǐng)你給他寫一封郵件，通知相關(guān)內(nèi)容，要點(diǎn)如下：

(1)變更原因；

(2)變更后的時(shí)間和方式；

(3)表達(dá)歉意。

注意：

(4)詞數(shù)為80左右；

(5)請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

DearFrank,

Yours,

LiHua

38.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。

Asanoldsayinggoes,wemakealivingbywhatweget,butmakealifebywhatwegive.

Itrulybelievethatajobisdefinitelynotajobifyoulovewhatyouaredoing.Manyyearsago,I

workedinanemploymentandinsuranceoffice,whichhelpspeoplefindjobs,applyforemployment

andinsurance,andreturntoschoolfortraining.Whatcouldbemorerewardingthantohelpsomeone

findajoborchangetheircareer?

Ihavealwayssaidthatpeopleareattheirworstwhentheyareunemployedorsick.Imustadmitthat

somedayswerechallenging.ButIhaveoneamazingstorythatIwouldliketoshare.

Oneday,aladycametotheofficewithadreamtobecomearegisterednurse.Accordingtomyclient,

herfamilydidnotapprove.Shewasamotherwithyoungchildren,andherhusbandhadreturnedto

schoolfbrtraining.ltwasnoteconomicallypracticalforhertoreturntoschool.

Itwasclearthatthisladyhadapassionforthenursingprofession,soIencouragedhertorealizeher

dream.Iequippedherwiththeinformationnecessarytoapplyfornursingschool,andsheleftthe

office.Shewentonherway,andIneverknewwhethershefollowedherdreamornot.

Manyyearslater,Iwasdiagnosed（診斷）withcancerofthestomachandwasadmittedtothe

hospitalforanoperation.!mustadmitIwasscared.Mymotherhaddiedofcanceratageforty.Ihada

husbandandtwobeautifulchildren.Iwasonlyforty-eightyearsold.Thesurgerywassuccessful.lt

was,however,verypainful.DaysflewsmoothlyasIrecoveredfromthepain.

注意:

(1)續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150詞左右;

(2)請(qǐng)按如下格式作答。

Butonenightthepainbegangrowingstronger.

“Youneverknowwhatimpactyourencouragingwordshadonme,"thenursesaid.

答案和解析

1?3.【答案】C、D、B

［解析］（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Howschoolsponsorshipworks中的Yourcompany'snamewillappear

onthecoverofeverymonthlyissuefortheschoolsyousponsor.（貴公司的名稱將出現(xiàn)在您贊助的學(xué)

校的每期月刊封面上）可知，會(huì)激勵(lì)公司贊助TeenInk的是公眾聲譽(yù)。故選C。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Advantagesforthestudentsyousponsor中的Studentshavetheopportunityto

submittheirworkforpublishinginourmagazine,bookseriesandwebsite.（學(xué)生有機(jī)會(huì)提交他們的

作品，以便在我們的雜志，叢書和網(wǎng)站上發(fā)表。）可知，受資助的學(xué)生有機(jī)會(huì)發(fā)表他們的作品。

故選D。

（3）推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段SponsorTeenInk'sfuturemagazinesforanyspecificschoolor

regionthatisimportanttoyouandbringyourmessagetoalargeaudienceofstudents,parentsand

teachers.Wewillprintyournameonthecoverofeachissueeverymonth.Call（617）964-6800fordetails

andcost.（贊助TeenInk的未來(lái)雜志，適用于對(duì)您重要的任何特定學(xué)?；虻貐^(qū)，并將您的信息帶

給大量學(xué)生，家長(zhǎng)和老師。我們每個(gè)月都會(huì)在每期的封面上打印您的名字。致電（617）964-6800

了解詳情和費(fèi)用。）可知，文章目標(biāo)讀者為贊助商。故選B。

本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。講述了學(xué)校贊助的運(yùn)作方式，給組織的以及給學(xué)生帶來(lái)的好處。

閱讀理解題測(cè)試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對(duì)

未說(shuō)明的趨勢(shì)或結(jié)局作出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點(diǎn)理論，對(duì)文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事

例給以解釋?？忌紫纫屑?xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點(diǎn)。

4?7.【答案】D、C、A、B

［解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的WilliamGadouryhasbeencrazyabouttheMayansformost

ofhischildhood,eversincehisgrandparentsboughthimbooksaboutthecivilization.Whatstartedasa

hobbyatage12snowballedintoseriousresearch,andhetheorizedthatthelocationsofMayancitiesmight

correspondtostarsinMayanconstellations.（WilliamGadoury在他童年的大部分時(shí)間里都對(duì)瑪雅人

著迷，自從他的祖父母給他買了有關(guān)文明的書籍以來(lái)。從12歲開(kāi)始的愛(ài)好開(kāi)始，滾雪球般地發(fā)展

成嚴(yán)肅的研究，他推測(cè)瑪雅城市的位置可能與瑪雅星座中的恒星相對(duì)應(yīng)。）可知，Gadoury根據(jù)

瑪雅星座中恒星推測(cè)除了相對(duì)應(yīng)的瑪雅城市位置。故選D。

（2）推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段Usingancientbooks,Gadouryanalyzed22Mayanconstellationmaps

andcoveredthepositionsontoGoogleEarthimagesoftheYucatanPeninsula,whichtothisdayishome

tolargelocalpopulationsandsomebest-preservedarchitecturefromMayanculture.Hewouldtrackthe

constellationsfromGoogleEarthusingspecialsheets,coveringthemontothepositionofMayancitieson

apapermap.Theteenwasabletoshowthat117Mayancitiesmatchedupwiththepositionofthestars,

withthebrighteststarsrepresentingbiggercities.（Gadoury根據(jù)古籍，分析了22張星座圖，并將尤

卡坦半島的位置覆蓋在谷歌地球圖像上，直到今天，尤卡坦半島仍是當(dāng)?shù)卮罅咳丝诤鸵恍┍４孀?/p>

完好的瑪雅文化建筑的家園。他會(huì)使用特殊的紙張從谷歌地球追蹤星座，將它們覆蓋在紙質(zhì)地圖

上的瑪雅城市位置上。他證明117個(gè)瑪雅城市與星星的位置相匹配，最亮的星星代表更大的城市。）

可知，他是通過(guò)星座對(duì)照谷歌地圖來(lái)確定城市位置的。故選C.

（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的ButwhenGadourywasworkingonthe23rdMayanconstellation,

hefoundaconflict：threestars,butonlytwoancientcitiesonGoogleEarth.Thethirdstarpointedtoa

locationontheMexico-Belizeborder.However,theareawascoveredwiththickjungle,leavingGadoury

stuck.（但是當(dāng)Gadoury研究第23個(gè)瑪雅星座時(shí)，他發(fā)現(xiàn)了一個(gè)沖突：三顆恒星，但谷歌地球上

只有兩座古城。第三顆星指向墨西哥一一伯利茲邊境的一個(gè)位置。然而，該地區(qū)被茂密的叢林覆

蓋，讓加杜里陷入困境。）可知，因?yàn)榈谌阈菍?duì)應(yīng)的位置被茂密森林覆蓋使他很難找到第三

座城市。故選A。

（4）推理判斷題。通讀文章整體內(nèi)容可知，Gadoury12歲時(shí)就已經(jīng)開(kāi)始研究瑪雅，研究古籍，通

過(guò)對(duì)比瑪雅星座恒星和谷歌地圖發(fā)現(xiàn)了117個(gè)瑪雅城市?？芍狦adoury是非常聰明的。故選B。

本文是一篇記敘文。主要講述了WilliamGadoury一個(gè)12歲的孩子通過(guò)研究瑪雅古籍，對(duì)照瑪雅

星座和谷歌地圖發(fā)現(xiàn)了117座瑪雅城市。

考查記敘文。做題時(shí)要通讀全文，把握大意，然后結(jié)合題干及選項(xiàng)做出正確的選擇。

8?11.【答案】A、D、C、B

【解析】（1）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段AteamofresearchersledbychemistryprofessorTakuzo

Aidahavefoundawaytocreateself-repairingplasticsthatcanbeusedinsmartphones,carsandother

products.Buttheirnewplasticswon'tonlybeusedtocreateunbreakableproducts,butalsohelpthefight

againstgrowingwastesharmingtheplanet.（由化學(xué)教授TakuzoAida領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的一組研究人員找到了一

種制造可用于智能手機(jī)，汽車和其他產(chǎn)品的自我修復(fù)塑料的方法。但他們的新塑料不僅將用于制

造牢不可破的產(chǎn)品，還有助于對(duì)抗危害地球的日益增長(zhǎng)的廢物。）可知，新塑料的特性是可以自

我修復(fù)，牢不可破。故選A。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中Theincreasingplasticinlandfillsisagrowingconcernduetoits

negativeenvironmentalimpact.In2019aboutonly9%ofplasticswererecycledglobally,leadingJapanese

scientiststoseektofindplasticthatcanstartitsownformationorself-repair.（由于其對(duì)環(huán)境的負(fù)面影

響，垃圾填埋場(chǎng)中越來(lái)越多的塑料越來(lái)越受到關(guān)注。2019年，全球只有約9%的塑料被回收，這

促使日本科學(xué)家尋求尋找可以開(kāi)始自己形成或自我修復(fù)的塑料、）可知，因?yàn)樗芰侠鴮?duì)環(huán)境的

影響使科學(xué)家研究新型塑料。這是一種綠色意識(shí)。A.Globalwarming全球變暖；B.Industrialneeds

工業(yè)需求；C.Economiccrisis經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)；D.Greenawareness綠色意識(shí)。故選D。

（3）段落主旨題。根據(jù)第三段Theself-repairingplasticsaremadebyaddingatinyamountofa

specializedsubstanceintoordinaryplastictoholdthemonomers（單體）togetherbyhydrogenbonds

（氫鍵）.Whenthenewplasticisbrokendownbyheat,insteadofburningtowaste,thehydrogenbonds

mixandallowfortheformationofspecialshapedmonomerstocreateafoundationformoremonomersto

layeronandrebuilditself.Theteamfoundthattheirself-healingplasticwasabletoautomaticallyrepairat

roomtemperatureoveranhourtoregainitsdurability.（自修復(fù)塑料是通過(guò)在普通塑料中加入少量的

特殊物質(zhì)，通過(guò)氫鍵將單體固定在一起而制成的。當(dāng)新塑料被熱分解時(shí)，氫鍵不會(huì)燃燒成廢物，

而是混合并允許形成特殊形狀的單體，從而為更多單體分層和重建自身奠定基礎(chǔ)。研究小組發(fā)現(xiàn)，

他們的自我修復(fù)塑料能夠在室溫下自動(dòng)修復(fù)一個(gè)小時(shí)，以恢復(fù)其耐用性。）可知，第三段主要講

述了新型塑料的工作原理。A.Itssocialeffect其社會(huì)影響；B.Itsmainfunction其主要功能；

C.Itsworkingprinciple其工作原理；D.Itseconomicvalue其經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值。故選C。

（4）觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)最后一段中Thetechniquecouldleadtothedevelopmentofamade-to-lastplastic

thatdoesnotneedtoberecycled,andcanonedaybeinproductsfromsmartphonestocarsandeven

buildings.（該技術(shù)可能導(dǎo)致開(kāi)發(fā)一種不需要回收的經(jīng)久耐用的塑料?，有朝一日可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)在從智

能手機(jī)到汽車甚至建筑物的產(chǎn)品中。）可知，Aida對(duì)新型塑料是非常贊許的。A.Doubtful懷疑的；

B.Favorable贊許的；C.Disapproving不贊成的；D.Unconcerned毫不在意的。故選B。

本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主耍介紹了一種可以自我修復(fù)的新型塑料，工作原理及其應(yīng)用前景。

閱讀理解題測(cè)試考生在閱讀基礎(chǔ)上的邏輯推理能力，要求考生根據(jù)文章所述事件的邏輯關(guān)系，對(duì)

未說(shuō)明的趨勢(shì)或結(jié)局做出合理的推斷；或根據(jù)作者所闡述的觀點(diǎn)理論，對(duì)文章未涉及的現(xiàn)象、事

例給以解釋?？忌紫纫屑?xì)閱讀短文，完整了解信息，準(zhǔn)確把握作者觀點(diǎn)。

12?15.【答案】B、C、A、D

【解析】（1）詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)劃線詞下文Ifthereisachancethatapaintingisgenuine—andtherefore

valuable—theydon'twantthecollectionoflargersamplestodamageit.（如果一幅畫有可能是真實(shí)的，

因此很有價(jià)值，他們不希望收集更大的樣本會(huì)損壞它。）可知，推知?jiǎng)澗€詞所在句子意為”從藝術(shù)

品中去除較小的樣本正變得越來(lái)越適合博物館和繪畫所有者”。由此可知，劃線詞payable與

acceptable”認(rèn)同的，認(rèn)可的”意思接近。A.Impressive令人印象深刻的；B.Acceptable可接受的；

C.Expensive昂貴的；D.Difficult困難的。故選B。

（2）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中Alllivingthingstakeincarbon,includingradioactivecarbon-14,

fromtheatmosphereandfromfood.Whenaplantcommonlyusedtomakeoilpaintingclothdies,the

carbon-14thatitcontainedcontinuestofalloff.Radiocarbondatingmeasureswhat'slefttoestimatethe

timeth就spassed.（所有生物都從大氣和食物中吸收碳，包括放射性碳-14。當(dāng)通常用于制作油畫布

的植物死亡時(shí)，其中所含的碳-14會(huì)繼續(xù)脫落。放射性碳測(cè)年法測(cè)量剩余的時(shí)間來(lái)估計(jì)經(jīng)過(guò)的時(shí)間。）

可知，放射性碳測(cè)年是通過(guò)測(cè)量剩余的碳-14來(lái)估算經(jīng)過(guò)的時(shí)間的。故選C。

（3）細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中Atomic-bomb（原子彈）testing,whichbeganinthe1940sandtook

offinthe1950s,quicklyincreasedtheamountofcarbon-14intheatmosphere.（原子彈測(cè)試始于1940

年代，并于195