江蘇省徐州市2023-2024學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期11月期中英語(yǔ)試題2

2023~2024學(xué)年度第一學(xué)期高三年級(jí)期中抽測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題注意事項(xiàng):1.答卷前,考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)、考場(chǎng)號(hào)、座位號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí),選出每小題答案后,用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng),用橡皮擦干凈后,再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)?；卮鸱沁x擇題時(shí),將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上,寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后,將答題卡交回。第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)做題時(shí),先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后,你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)(共5小題;每小題分,滿分分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題,從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后,你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatcoloristhesofa?A.White.B.Brown.C.Blue.2.Whatwillthewomando?A.Lockthedoors.B.Repairthespeakers.C.Informthecustomers.3.Whatarethespeakersmainlydiscussing?A.Theman’sgarden.B.Thewoman’scooking.C.Theirgrandma’shealth.4.WhoisNicole?A.Theman’sdaughter.B.Theman’ssister.C.Theman’sniece.5.Whathappenedtotheman?A.HelostanEnglishreport.B.HebrokehisUSBmemory.C.Hesentafiletoawrongperson.第二節(jié)(共15小題;每小題分,滿分分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題,從題中所給的、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前,你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題,每小題5秒鐘;聽(tīng)完后,各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料,回答第6、7題。6.WhatjobwouldMillieprefer?A.Todoresearchonscience.B.Todobeautytreatments.C.Tocreatesoaps.7.WhatismoreimportanttoMillie?A.Thesalary.B.Thesocialstatus.C.Thejobsatisfaction.聽(tīng)第7段材料,回答第8至10題。8.Whattimeisitnow?A.7:00p.m.B.8:00p.m.C.9:00p.m.9.Whatarethespeakersgoingtodotomorrowmorning?A.Pickupafriend.B.Catchaflight.C.Takeatraintothecity.10.Howdoesthewomanprobablyfeel?A.Annoyed.B.Excited.C.Surprised.聽(tīng)第8段材料,回答第11至13題。11.Whatarethespeakersdoing?A.Orderingfood.B.Waitinginline.C.Takingabreak.12.Howoftendoesthewomanexerciseeveryweek?A.Twice.B.Threetimes.C.Fourtimes.13.Howdoesthemanusuallygettowork?A.Bycar.B.Onfoot.C.Bysubway.聽(tīng)第9段材料,回答第14至16題14.Whatwillthegirldotomorrowafternoon?A.Takeatest.B.MeetwithMary.C.Handinapaper.15.Whatdoweknowaboutthegirl’smother?A.Shelikesreadingpoems.B.Sheteachesliteratureincollege.C.Sheinfluencesthegirlalot.16.Wheredoestheconversationmostlikelytakeplace?A.Inaclassroom.B.Inthegirl’shouse.C.Intheteachers’office.聽(tīng)第10段材料,回答第17至20題。17.WhatdoesthespeakerthinkoftheweddinginItaly?A.Itistypical.B.Itisboring.C.Itisimpressive.18.Wheredidthebridegroomfirstmeetthebride?A.InItaly.B.InFrance.C.InEngland.19.WhatoftenhappensatAmericanweddings?A.Longspeechesaregiven.B.Abigdinnerisservedbeforethewedding.C.Everythingaboutweddingismadeathome.20.Whydidthefamilycutupthebridegroom’stie?A.Toraisemoney.B.Toplayajokeonhim.C.Tomakehimdifferent.第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié),滿分50分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題分,滿分分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AWELETODENTAL2023IMPLANTCENTERGRANDOPENING!!VISITOURNEWLOCATIONthST.,LONGBEACHSavethiscoupon(優(yōu)惠券)andyoucanenjoythemaximumdiscountinournewoffice:Singletoothimplantcostsonly$700!(A10%discountofnormal).Includingimplant,abutmentandcrown.*Duedate:03/31/24.Cannotbebinedwithinsurancefeesorothercoupons.Newpatientsonly.NOWSERVINGYOUINTHREELOCATIONS!IRVINE:39CreekRoadSuite210LAGUNANIGUEL:30012CrownValleyPkwySTEBUnliketraditionalartificialteeth,whichareremovable,dentalimplantsaresurgicallyplacedintothejawboneandthentoppedwitharestorationsuchasadentalcrown.Theyfeelmuchmorenaturalthanconventionalalternatives.Additionally,dentalimplantscanhelptopreventbonedeterioration(退化)thatiscausedbymissingteeth.Thebonebeginstodeterioratewhenyouloseatoothbecauseitisnolongerbeingstimulateddaily.Thiscanleadtoseverebonelossovertime.Butbyplacingdentalimplantsintothejawbone,wecanpreservethisstructure.Ifyou’remissingone,two,orallofyourteeth,weencourageyoutovisitournewofficeinLongBeach,orcall(949)8576757toscheduleyourappointment.Wewouldbehappytohelpyoufindthebesttreatmentplantorestoreyoursmileandhelpyouenjoybetteroralhealthsoon!1.What’stherestrictionofthecoupon?A.ItisvalidonlyonMarch31st. B.Itdoesn’tsupportphonereservation.C.Onlynewpatientscanuseit. D.Itmustbeusedwithinsurancefees.2.Whichisanadvantageofdentalimplants?A.Theycostlittlemoney. B.Theypreservethejawbone.C.Theycanbeeasilyremoved. D.Theypreventteethmissing.3Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A.Toexplainhowtoimplantteeth. B.Tointroducethreeimplantcenters.C.Toadvertiseanewlyopeneddentalcenter. D.Topopularizetheknowledgeoforalhealth.BNuclearenergyisoneofthecleanestpoweronearth.Itiscleanerthananyenergysourceexceptwind.Butthatdoesn’tnecessarilymeannuclearisthelongtermsolutionfortheworldbecausenuclearmaterialisperhapsthemostpoisonousmatteronearth.Inaddition,uranium,theelementmostmonlyusedinnuclearreactors,isnotinlimitlesssupply.Butthebiggestproblemisnuclearwaste.Howcanwedealwithnuclearwaste?Theanswerissimple—putthemsomewherewheretheycanstay,undisturbed,isolated,forever.Finlandisbuildingjustthat.Thisregionislargelylackinginnaturaldisasters.Itreallydoesn’tencounteranynaturalphenomenonthatcoulddamageanuclearwastestoragesite,especiallyifit’s1,500feetunderground.BeneathanislandontheFinnishBalticSeacoast,thecountryisdigging.They’rebuildingtheveryfirstpermanentnuclearwastestoragefacilityintheworldinthestablebedrock1,500feetbelow.Currentlythey’rejustfinishingtheirdigdown,thenverysoonthey’llstartfillingthefacilitywithnuclearwaste.They’lldiglongtunnelswithsmallholesinwhichthey’llplacenuclearwastethenbackfillthetunnelswithclaytobeleftforever.Withthissystem,there’snearzeroriskofnuclearmaterialleakingoutintothegroundwaterand,onceit’sfilledintheyear2120,itcanjustbeleft,forever.Becausethematerialwillbesofardownandsodifficulttogetto,nohumanmanagementwillbenecessaryoncepleted.Nosecurity,nomaintenance,nothingwhichmeansitshouldbetrulysecure,butbeforeleavingit,Finlandneedstofightagainstonething—humannature.Ascuriousbeings,it’shardtofightaperson’surgeofdiscovery.Ifsomeonefindsamysteriousstructurefromthousandsofyearsago,it’djustbenaturaltowanttoopenitup,andthat’saproblemfornuclearwastesites.WeessentiallydidjustthatwiththepyramidsinEgypt.Thesestructureswerebuiltasthefinal,permanentrestingplacesandweopenedthemupbecausewewerecurious.Openingthenuclearstoragefacilitieswouldreleaseradiationintoafuturecivilization,sowehavetotellthemtoleavethesitesalone,butthat’seasiersaidthandone.4.WhyisFinlandbuildinganuclearstoragesitedeepunderground?A.Thetunnelsthereareeasytodig. B.Thesupplyofuraniumislimited.C.Moderntechnologymakesitpossible. D.Nonaturaldisastercaninfluencethesite.5.Whathumannaturedoestheauthorworryabout?A.Beingcurious. B.Adesireforsecurity.C.Beingadventurous. D.Adesireforcontrol.6.Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardFinland’saction?A.Supportive. B.Tolerant. C.Doubtful. D.Pessimistic.7.WhyarethepyramidsinEgyptmentioned?A.Toarousepeople’scuriosity. B.Topredictthesite’sdevelopment.C.Toillustratetheauthor’sconcern. D.Tostresstheimportanceoftheproject.CThebestadvertisementforpublictransportationisseeingabuswhooshpastlinesofcarsstuckintraffic.Whentransitisconvenient,fortable,affordableandfasterthandriving,theservicepracticallysellsitself.That’swhyarecentbuslaneboominLosAngelesissowele.Since2019,Metroandthecity’sDepartmentofTransportationhaverolledoutninenewsegments(路段)foratotalof40milesofbuslanesonsomeofthemostcrowdedstreetswithhighbusridership,suchasLaBreaAvenue,VeniceBoulevardandAlvaradoStreet.Thegoalistohave100milesinplacebeforethe2028Olympics.Theresulthasbeenfaster,morereliableserviceforpassengers—andfordriversstuckintraffic,maybeevenalittlebusenvy.Betterbusserviceisessentialtogetpeopletojobs,schoolsandopportunities,andtoenticedriversoutofcarstohelpreduceplanetwarmingemissions.Greattransformationhastakenplacesince.TransitadvocateshavepressedMetroandelectedofficialstostoptreatingbusridersasanafterthought.FormerCouncilmemberMikeBonin,whoalsosatonMetro’sgoverningboard,pushedforthecreationoftheBusSpeedandReliabilityWorkingGroup.Withacleargoal—tospeedupthebuses—andamandate(授權(quán))frompoliticalleaders,staffatthetwoagencieswereabletocutthroughbureaucraticbarriersthatoftenstymie(阻礙)publicworksprojects.BusRapidTransit,orbusways,withdedicatedlanesandspecialstops,havefacedresistancefromsomeresidentsandbusinessowners,whoworryaboutlosingcarlanesorparking.Thepromiseisthatmostbusridersgetthebenefitofbuslanesonlyduringrushhours,from7to10a.m.and4to7p.m.Theserushhourlaneswilldemonstratethebenefitsofgivingpeoplefast,convenientbusservice,soL.A.‘spoliticalleaderswillwholeheartedlysupportmorededicatedbuswaysandeven24hourbuslanes.8.WhathaveMetroandthecity’sDepartmentofTransportationdone?A.Makingpreparationsforthe2028Olympics.B.Demandingthebusestorun40milesperhour.C.Arrangingspecialbuslanesduringrushhours.D.Callingoncitizenstotakepublictransportation.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“entice”inparagraph3mean?A.Attract. B.Order. C.Force. D.Beg.10.Whatledtothetransformation?A.Politics. B.Publicawareness. C.Economy. D.Marketingmanagement.11.Whatdoesthelastparagraphimply?A.Someresidentsresistbusways. B.Morecarlanesorparkingwillbelost.C.Businessownersconflictwithbusriders. D.Publictransportationmaygetmoresupport.DIsfutureyou…you?Itmightseemlikeastrangephilosophicalquestion.Buttheanswertohowyouthinkaboutyourfutureselfcouldmakethedifferencebetweendecisionsyouultimatelyfindsatisfyingandonesyoumighteventuallyregret.ThebrainpatternsthatemergeonanMRI(核磁共振)whenpeoplethinkabouttheirfutureselvesmostresemblethebrainpatternsthatarisewhentheythinkaboutstrangers.Thisfindingsuggeststhat,inthemind’seye,ourfutureselveslooklikeotherpeople.Ifyouseefutureyouasadifferentperson,whyshouldyousavemoney,eathealthierorexercisemoreregularlytobenefitthatstranger?However,ifyouseetheinterestsofyourdistantselfasmorelikethoseofyourpresentself,youareconsiderablymorelikelytodothingstodaythatbenefityoutomorrow.ApaperinthejournalPLOSOnerevealedthatcollegestudentswhoexperiencedagreatersenseofconnectionandsimilaritytotheirfutureselvesweremorelikelytoachieveacademicsuccess.Relationshipswithourfutureselvesalsomatterforgeneralpsychologicalwellbeing.InaprojectledbyJosephReiff,whichincludes5,000adultsage20to75,hefoundthatthosewhoperceivedagreatoverlap(重疊)intraitsbetweentheircurrentandfutureselvesendedupbeingmoresatisfiedwiththeirlives10yearsafterfillingouttheinitialsurvey.Sohowcanwebetterbefriendourfutureselvesandfeelmoreconnectedtotheirfates?Thepsychologicalmindsetwithwhatwecall“vividnessinterventions”works.Wehavefound,forinstance,thatshowingpeopleimagesoftheirolder,grayerselvesincreasesintentionstosaveforthelongterm.Besides,youmighttrywritingaletterto—andthenfrom—yourfutureself.AsdemonstratedbyYutaChishimaandAnneWilsonintheir2020studyinthejournalSelfandIdentity,whenhighschoolstudentsengagedinthistypeof“sendandreply”exercise,theyexperiencedelevatedlevelsoffeelingsofsimilaritywiththeirfutureselves.Letterwritingandvisualizationexercisesarejustacoupleofwayswecanconnectwithourfutureselvesandbeyond,butthelargerlessonhereisclear:Ifwecantreatourdistantselvesasiftheyarepeoplewelove,careaboutandwanttosupport,wecanstartmakingchoicesforthemthatimproveourlives—bothtodayandtomorrow.12.What’sthefunctionofparagraph2?A.Generatingfurtherdiscussion. B.Introducingaresearchresult.C.Showingtheeffectofthefinding. D.Concludingvariousviewpoints.13.Howdoestheauthorprovehisstatements?A.Byofferingrelevantstatistics. B.Byusingquotations.C.Byreferringtopreviousfindings. D.Bymakingparisons.14.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Benefitsofbefriendingourfutureselves. B.Waysofconnectingwithourfutureselves.C.Methodsofchangingpsychologicalmindsets. D.Possibilitiesofusbeingourfutureselves.15.Whatdoesthearticlewanttotellus?A.Makingfutureplansmakesadifference. B.Ourfutureselveslooklikeotherpeople.C.Gettingtoknowyourfutureselfbenefits. D.Yourchoicedeterminesfuturehappiness.第二節(jié)(共5小題;每小題分,滿分分)閱讀下面短文,從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Thehippocampus(海馬體)functionisthepartofthebrainwhichstoresmemory.Thinkofitlikeahuman’sinnerharddrive.___16___LearnSomethingNewDuetothewaythehippocampusworks,whenyoulearnsomethingnew,youbuildnewneural(神經(jīng)元的)pathwaysandstrengthentheonesthatalreadyexist.___17___Researchersfoundthatwhenyouengageinlongtermlearning,newneuralactivitypatternswereobserved.Thisestablishedaclearrelationshipbetweenpatternsandnewbehavioralabilities.ExerciseYoucangeneratenewhippocampineuronsbyexercising.Afamousneuronalstudyparedthebrainsoftwodifferentgroupsofmice.___18___Themicewiththewheelproducedanabundanceofnewneuronsintheirhippocampus.Thegroupwithoutaccessproducedfarless.Mostexerciseswillhelpthebrainandhippocampusfunctioninsomeway.Ifyou’researchingforanexercisewhichisparticularlybraineffective,thenfitnesscenterisagreatplacetostart.___19___Youcandoanythingfromwalking,running,cycling,swimming,boxing,rowingandevendancing!EatDarkChocolateDarkchocolatereleasesdopamine(多巴胺),whichisgreatforfastlearningandmemory.Indeed,studieshaveshownthateatingchocolatecanincreasecerebralbloodflowandpromotesynaptogenesis(突觸發(fā)生).Thisistheformationofsynapses(突觸)betweenourneurons.Theyaccumulateinthehippocampus,whichisthepartofthebrainassociatedwithmemory.___20___Darkchocolatealsoreleasesantioxidants(抗氧化劑).Thismeansthatyounolongerhavetofeelguiltyabouttuckingintothatboxofchocolate!A.Thinkofitlikebuildingblocks!B.Butthebenefitsdon’tstopthere.C.Darkchocolatehasseveralbenefits.D.Luckyforyou,there’sabunchofdifferentexercisesoutthere.E.Andjustlikeactualharddrives,wecanboostitsperformance.F.Thefirstgrouphadaccesstoarunningwheel,theseconddidnot.G.Therearemanythingsyoucandotohelpimproveyourmemory.第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分30分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題1分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,從所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。AndrewPowellwaspullingenvelopesfromthelargemailboxoutsidehiscontemporaryhousewhenhenoticedsomething___21___:Atinydollcoupleweresittingonaloveseatinsidethemailbox.Asmallnotewasattached.“We’vedecidedtolivehere,”the___22___read.ItwassignedfromMaryandShelley.Andrewinitiallyfiguredthatsomebodymusthaveleftthemthere___23___.Soheaskedtheneighborswhetheranybodyhadleft___24___inhismailbox,andeveryonesaidno.Soon,Andrewandhiswifediscoveredthatthesmallcouplehad___25___ateatable,aprettycarpetandapillow.Overthenextfewmonths,additionalitemsmysteriously___26___:abed,apaintingandawoodburningstove,tonameafew.ForChristmas2022,adecoratedtreewasleftwithtinypresents.ButthegiftsweretakenbackrightafterChristmas___27___Andrewcouldopentheboxestoseeifanythingwasinside.Morethanayearlater,MaryandShelleyarestilllivingrentfreeinthemailbox,tothedelightoftheneighborswhonow___28___Andrew’supdatesonthevillage’swebsitetocheckthe___29___.AndrewfirstpostedaboutthetinydollsonAug.21,2022,hopinghisfellowvillagersmighthelpsolvethe___30___.“It’sjustsomebodyouttherewhoishavingsomefun,givingusallalittlemunity___31___.Butwhoeverisdoingthisisobviouslyvery___32___andclever,”saysAndrew’snextdoorneighbor.Andrewsayshenowdoesn’twanttoknowwhois___33___forthemailboxaffairbecausehe’shopingitwillcontinue.“Alsopeopleintheneighborhoodare___34___itandsomeaskifI’vethoughtaboutinstallinganoutdoor___35___,butpersonally,Ilikethemysteryofit.”21.A.alive B.unusual C.important D.unique22.A.notice B.board C.mail D.message23.A.bymistake B.bychance C.onpurpose D.onsale24.A.gifts B.cards C.dolls D.posts25.A.displayed B.acquired C.designed D.decorated26.A.cameback B.wanderedoff C.showedup D.brokein27.A.before B.since C.unless D.when28.A.follow B.ment C.download D.appreciate29.A.improvement B.possibility C.truth D.progress30.A.difficulty B.conflict C.case D.mystery31.Acare B.humor C.blessing D.support32.A.artistic B.academic C.sympathetic D.realistic33.A.suitable B.eager C.responsible D.ambitious34.A.describing B.imitating C.celebrating D.enjoying35.A.light B.camera C.tent D.bench第二節(jié)(共10小題;每小題分,滿分15分)閱讀下面短文,在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。LivingHeritage:XuanPaperSmoothyettensile.Universalanddurable.Withthesequalities,Xuanpaperisknownasthe“PaperofAges”.ThetermXuanpaperfirstappearedinOnFamousPaintingsthroughtheAges,abookwrittenbyTangDynastyscholarZhangYanyuan,in___36___hedescribedXuanpaperasanideal___37___(carry)forcalligraphyandpainting.HandmadeXuanpaperfromJingxiancounty,EastChina’sAnhuiprovince,___38___(list)asatribute(貢品)totheimperialcourtforitssupremequalityduringtheperiod.ThetraditionalcraftofmakingXuanpaperisextremely___39___(demand).Sandalwoodbark,aplantnativetosouthernChina,goesthrough108procedurestogetherwithricestrawoverthecourseofthreeyearsbeforeitcantransformintoabatchoffineXuanpaper.Theentireprocedureissoplexthateventhemost___40___(skill)craftsmancanonlymasterlimitednumberofsteps.Theflowofink,bothguidedandresistedbywater,___41___(determine)theoutputofChineseart,andXuanpaperoutshinesotherswithitsexcellentabilitytogivefullplaytoink.Differentproportionsofbarktostrawduringthepapermakingprocesscancreatedifferentcanvasesbest___42___(suit)toartisticexpressioninfreehandinkpaintingsorcalligraphy.Xuanpaper___43___(acpany)thepassionatebrushstrokesoftheChineseliterati(文人墨客)forthousandsofyears.Unlikeotherformsofpaper,itisveryresistant___44___damagesbroughtbytime.Itisthisdurability____45____hasmadethepreservationsofmanyvaluableworksfromancientChinapossible.PapermakingisacrystallizationofwisdomoftheancientChinese,andXuanpaperisthecrownofpapermaking.第四部分寫(xiě)作(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)第一節(jié)(滿分15分)46.你校學(xué)生會(huì)號(hào)召全體學(xué)生為了身體健康，杜絕一切電子產(chǎn)品。請(qǐng)針對(duì)學(xué)生會(huì)這項(xiàng)行動(dòng)給校英文報(bào)寫(xiě)一篇投稿，內(nèi)容包括：1.指出問(wèn)題；2.說(shuō)明理由；3.提出建議。注意：1.寫(xiě)作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫Electronicproducts:friendlyorfrightening?___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________第二節(jié)(滿分25分)47.閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Saragazedthoughtfullyatherparentswhileholdingaletter.ShewasacceptedtopursuetheElectricalEngineeringdegreeprogrammeatUniversityPertanianMalaysia.Allherhardworkandsacrificeshadpaidoff.Butsheknew,beingtheeldestof6siblings,herfamilycouldnotaffordtopaytheuniversityentrancefees.Herfatherwasonlyasettlerworkingonapalmoilestate.Thoughshewasdeterminedtodeclinetheoffer,SarawenttovisitMs.Changwiththeletter.Ms.ChangwasoneofthemostdedicatedteachersthatSaraknew.Fromahumblebeginning,shesupportedherselfattheTeachers’TrainingCollegebyteachingtuition.Soshedunderstoodhowhardpoorstudentsstruggledtocontinuetheirstudy.Foryears,n