2021考研英語(yǔ)大綱變動(dòng)一覽表(新增詞匯附中文釋義)

2021考研英語(yǔ)大綱變動(dòng)一覽表

第一部分附錄1詞匯表

1.新增詞匯

順序新增音標(biāo)釋義

aftermath/dftrm&e/后果；余波

aggregate/dgrigt/合計(jì)；集合體

：

albeit/orbi:it/雖然，盡管

1

algorithm/，Algridm/算法，運(yùn)算法則

a

align/'lain/使結(jié)盟；使成一行

archive/*a:rkaiv/檔案館；檔案文件

arena/'rim/舞臺(tái)；競(jìng)技場(chǎng)

artifact/'a:rti班kt/人工制品，手工藝品

bearing/*berig/軸承；關(guān)系

bbolster/'boolstr/長(zhǎng)枕，墊枕

brevity/brevti/簡(jiǎn)潔，簡(jiǎn)短

check/tfek/檢杳，核對(duì)

concurrent/kn'k3:rnt/并發(fā)的；一致的

configuration/kn.figj'reiAn/配置；結(jié)構(gòu)

contingent/kn'tindsnt/偶然（發(fā)生）的

c

convene/kn'vi:n/召集，集合

coronavirus/kToonvairs/冠狀病毒

corporate/'ko:rprt/法人的；共同的，全體的

culminate/,kAlmmeit/到絕頂；達(dá)到高潮

cumulative/kju:mjleitiv/累積的

daunting/*do:ntig/使人畏縮的；使人氣餒的

demographic/.dem'grAfik/人口結(jié)構(gòu)的；人口統(tǒng)計(jì)的

deplete/di'pli:t/耗盡，用盡

deploy/di'ploi/配置；展開(kāi)

deter/dft3：r/制止，阻止

directly/dYektli^ai'rektli/直接地；立即

d

discrete/di'skri:t/離散的，不連續(xù)的

discretion/di*skrejn/自由裁量權(quán)；謹(jǐn)慎

drone/droon/嗡嗡聲

dualfdu:V雙的；雙重的

elicit/i'lisit/引出；探出

empathy/'empGi/同感；共鳴

enquiry/inquiry/'inkwri,m'kwairi/調(diào)查；查究

e

epic/*epik/敘事詩(shī)；史詩(shī)

equity/'ekwti/（公司的）股本；資產(chǎn)凈值

erode/『rood/侵蝕；腐蝕

ffacet/'fffiSit/（事物的）音氏分方面

_LCtwwVV口H)口〃JU=L|

ggadget/*g&dAit/小器具；小裝置

icon/*aika:n/圖標(biāo)；圖符

i

imminent/'iminnt/即將發(fā)生的；臨近的

inflict/m'flikt/使遭受打擊；使吃苦頭

/influ'enz/流感

influenza1

invoke/in*vook/援引，援用

jurisdiction司法權(quán)；審判權(quán)

j/id3misdikjn/

lawsuit/*io:su:t/訴訟；起訴

1

lucrative/*lu:krtiv/賺大錢的；獲利多的

mandate/'m&ndeit/授權(quán)；命令

media/?mi:di/媒體

m

mediate/*mi:dieit/調(diào)停；調(diào)解

mentor/*mento:r/導(dǎo)師；顧問(wèn)

0overt/ou*v3：rt,*oQV3：rt/公開(kāi)的；明顯的

paradigm/'p&rdaim/典范；范例

plagiarism^pleid^izm/抄襲；剽竊

policewoman/p'li:swomn/女警察

P

protocol/'prootka:1/協(xié)議；早案

propagate/'pra:pgeit/傳播；宣傳

proximate/*pra:ksimt/近似的；最近的

quai,antine/*kwo:mti:n/（為防傳染的）隔離期；檢疫

qquery/?kwiri/疑問(wèn)?詢問(wèn)

resilient/ri'zilint/迅速恢復(fù)的；有適應(yīng)力的

r

rhetoric/'retrik/華而不實(shí)的言語(yǔ)；花言巧語(yǔ)

ssibling/'siblig/兄；弟；姐；妹

situate/*sitfueit/使位于；使坐落于

slump/slAmp/（價(jià)格、數(shù)量等）驟降，猛跌

stagnate/'st&gneit/停滯；不發(fā)展

stance/st氏ns/立場(chǎng)；姿態(tài)

stipulate/'stipjuleit/規(guī);￡；明確要求

surveillance/s3：r'veilns/監(jiān)督；監(jiān)視

tangible/*t&ndAbl/有形的；實(shí)際的

ttemporal/'temprl/暫時(shí)的；當(dāng)時(shí)的

transition/tr八n'zijn,trAn'sijn/過(guò)渡；轉(zhuǎn)變

uusually/'ju：3uli；ju：31iZ通常地；正常地

variance/'verins,'v&rins/變化幅度；差額

venue/'venju:/聚會(huì)地點(diǎn)；舉行場(chǎng)所

V

viable/'vaibl/可實(shí)施的；切實(shí)可行的

volatile/'va:ltl/易變的；無(wú)定性的

warranty/'wo:mti/保證；擔(dān)保

wary/'weri/小心的，謹(jǐn)慎的

w

whereby/wer'bai/憑此；借以

worker/*w3：rkr/工作者；人員

workout/w3：rkaot/鍛煉

2.變動(dòng)詞匯

順序2020大綱2021大綱

aaesthetic/esthetic(a)esthetic

air-conditioningairconditioning

aluminium/aluminumalumin(i)um

amidamid(st)

analog(u)eanalog(ue)

analyse/analyzeanalyse/-yze

anybodyanybody/anyone

anyway

anyway=anyhowanyhow

apologise/apologizeapologise/-ize

appal/appallappal(1)

autumnautumn/fall

ax/axeax(e)

bibleBible

bacterium(Lpl.Jbacteria)bacteria

b

behaviour/behaviorbehavio(u)r

bypass/by-passbypass

cafecafe/cafe

catalogue/cataloguecatalog(ue)

centigradecentigrade/Celsius

centimetre/centimetercentimetre/-ter

centre/centercentre/-ter

chairmanchairman/chairwoman/chairperson

characterise/characterizecharacterise/-ize

child([pl.]children)child

cigaret/cigarettecigaret(te)

c

civilisation/civilizationcivilisation/-zation

civilise/civilizecivilise/-ize

colour/colorcolo(u)r

connexion/connectionconnection/-xion

cosycosy/-zy

crisis([pl.Jcrises)crisis

criterion([pl.[criteria)criterion

criticise/criticizecriticise/-ize

curriculum([pl.jcurricula)curriculum

defence/defensedefense/-ce

ddialogue/dialogdialog(ue)

distilldistil(1)

emphasise/emphasizeemphasise/-ize

encyclopaedia/encyclopediaencyclop(a)edia

e

endeavour/endeavorendeavo(u)r

enroll/enrolenrol(1)

favour/favorfavo(u)r

f

favourable/favorablefavo(u)rable

favourite/favoritefavo(u)rite

fertiliser/fertilizerfertiliser/-zer

fibre/fiberfibre/-ber

flavour/flavorflavo(u)r

foot([pl.Jfeet)foot

formula(|pL]formulae)formula

fulfil/fulfillfulfil(1)

generalise/generalizegeneralise/-ize

glamour/glamorglamo(u)r

ggoodby/goodbyegoodbye

goose([pl.]geese)goose

gramme/gramgram(me)

hamburgehamburger/burger

harbour/harborharbo(u)r

hero

hero/heroin

heroin

honour/honorhono(u)r

h

honourable/honorablehono(u)rable

host

host/hostess

hostess

humour/humorhumo(u)r

humoroushumo(u)rous

ice-creamicecream

index([pl.]indexes,indicesindex

iindustrialise/industrializeindustrialise/-ize

instal/installinstal(1)

installmentinstal(1)ment

InternetInternet/intemet

jewellery/jeweleryjewel(le)ry

j

judgement/judgmentjudg(e)ment

kilo/kilogramme/kilogramkilogram(me)/kilo

k

kilometre/kilometerkilometre/-ter

labour/laborlabo(u)r

licence/licenselicense/-ce

1

litre/literlitre/-ter

living-roomlivingroom

IHaCLalll

marvellous/marvelousmarvel(1)ous

maths/math/mathematicsmathematics/math(s)

mmedium([pljmedia)medium

memo

memorandum/memo

memorandum

metre/metermetre/-ter

millimetre/millimetermillimetre/-ter

minimise/minimizeminimise/-ize

mobilise/mobilizemobilise/-ize

modernisation/modernizationmodemisation/-zation

mould/moldmo(u)Id

mouse([pl.]mice)mouse

neighbour/neighborneighbo(u)r

neighbourhood/neighborhoodneighbo(u)rhood

n

normalisation/normalizationnormalisation/-zation

nucleus([pl.]nuclei)nucleus

odour/odorodo(u)r

oftenoften/oftentimes

okay/O.K./OKokay/OK

oorganisation/organizationorganisation/-zation

organise/organizeorganise/-ize

oughtoughtto

owingowingto

paralyse/paralyzeparalyse/-yze

petrolpetrol/gasoline/gasolene

postmanpostman/mailman

Ppractise

practise/-ice

practice

programme/programeprogram(me)

proceedingproceedings

railroad

railway/railroad

railway

realise/realizerealise/-ize

rrecognise/recognizerecognise/-ize

reflexion/reflectionreflection/-xion

resumeresume/resume

rumour/rumorrumo(u)r

salesmansalesman/saleswomaii/salesperson

skepticalsceptical/skeptical

skillful/skilfulskil(1)ful

specialise/specializespecialise/-ize

sspokesmanspokesman/spokeswoman/spokesperson

sportsmansportsman/sportswoman

static(al)static

stewardsteward(ess)

storey/storystor(e)y

summarise/summarizesummarise/-ize

sympathise/sympathizesympathise/-ize

systematic(al)systematic

tactic(s)tactic

technologytechnology/tech

telephonetelephone/phone

theatre/theatertheatre/-ter

tthesis([pl.Jtheses)thesis

tooth([pl.]teeth)tooth

trolly/trolleytrolley

uutilise/utilizeutilise/-ize

Vvapour/vaporvapo(u)r

waggon/wagonwag(g)on

waiter

waiter/waitress

wwaitress

whilewhile/whilst

whisky/whiskeywhisk(e)y

yourself

yyourself([pl.Jyourselves)

yourselves

3?刪減詞匯

順序刪減

acrobat

aadjoin

amplifier

bosom

brim

b

brittle

brook

ccaress

daunt

ddefendant

disgrace

fell

f

fitting

gasolene/gasoline

g

gallop

hhighland

inlet

i

inquiry/enquiry

1loudspeaker

moss

m

mutton

nNegro

0overpass

pail

phone

Ppiston

prick

quartz

q

quench

rain

rainbow

r

rotary

ruby

seaside

sham

sshopkeeper

slit

snowstorm

tar

telegram

t

telescope

tramp

uuproar

weld

w

wreath

zzinc

第二部分附錄2常用的前綴和后綴

1?新增

序號(hào)具體內(nèi)容

a-：notorwithout；inaparticularconditionorwaytypically—atypically

1

wake—awake

ante-：beforeorearlier；infrontofdate一antedate

2

room——anteroom

3cyber-：relatingtocomputers,thelntemet,andvirtualrealitycrime-cybercrime

down-：lowerinposition,amount,quality,orimportanceriver-downriver

4

size-downsize

5e-：electronic,onorusingthelnternetcommerce-e-commerce

6eco-：connectedwiththeenvironmentdisaster-eco-disaster

hemi-：half

7

sphere—hemisphere

8

hyper-：morethanusualtension——hypertension

9hypo-：lessthanusualtension——hypotension

10

meta-：beyond,higheranalysis-meta-analysis

11

milli-：onethousandthpartofmeter-millimeter

12neo-：neworrecent,orinamodernformclassicism——neoclassicism

13

off-：notonorawayfromstage*offstage

oft-：often

14

Quoted一oft-auoted

omni-：all,completelypresent

15

——omninresent

：

16pan-includingorrelatingtoallpartsormembersAfrican——pan-African

para-：beyond；similartobutnotofficialomotfullyqualifiednormal-paranormalmedic

17

一paramedic

retro-:backorbackwards

18

active一retroactive

up-：atortowardsthehigherorbetterpart；movedorchangedcompletelymarket一

19upmarket

endkupend

?

20ing

surf-surfing

-let

21

book——bookletdrop一droplet

22y

inquire1inquiryorthodox——orthodoxy

23-ed

talent——talented

badtemper-bad-tempered

-esque

24picture一picturesque

Roman'Romanesque

-friendly

25user-user-friendlyenvironment——

environment-friendly

2?變動(dòng)

序號(hào)2020大綱2021大綱

1aero-：concerningtheairoraircraftplane一aero-：concerningtheairoraircraftdynamic-aer

aeroplanespace-aerospaceodynamicspace—aerospace

anti-：against；oppositeof；

anti-：opposedto；theoppositeof；preventing

nuclear-antinuclearmatter-antimatte

poverty-,

2rwar-antiwar

anti-povertyclimax—anticlimaxtheft—a

ntitheft

auto-：oforbyyourself；

3auto-：ofbrbyyourselfbiography-autobio

workingbyitselfbiography一

graphycriticism-autocriticism

be-：totreatasthestatedthingfriend-befrienbe-：treatas；wearingorcoveredwithlittle-'

4dlittle^belittlebelittle

jewel*bejewelled

bi-：two；twice；bi-：two；occurringtwiceoratintervalsoftwo

5doublelingual-bilingualcycle-bicycllateral一bilateral

e

annual一biannual

bio-：conceminglivingthingschemistry-bibio-：relatingtolifeorlivingthingsdiversity—bio

6

ochemistrydiversity

by-：lessimportantproductby-product

：

7by-,bye-lessimportantproduct-by-prod

uctway-byway

centi-：hundredthpartofaunitgrade一

8

centigrademeter~~centimeterliter_centilitergrade一centigrade

co-together；co-together；sharingajobor

responsibility

9withauthorcoauthorexist-coexis

texist-coexist

author-*coauthor

col-：(usedbefore/jtogether,withcol-：(usedbeforel)together

10

location-collocationlocation-collocation

com-：(usedbeforeZ?,/n,pjtogetherpassion-co

com-：(usedbeforeb,m,p)together,with

11mpassion

passion——compassion

con-：together,withcon-together

12centric—concentricfederation—confederation

federation-confederation

contra-Oppositecontra-：against,oppositeflow-contraflow

13

diction——condiction

natural—cnntranatnral

cor-：(usedbeforer)togetherrelate一correlate

14cor-：(usedbeforer)together,withrelate-c

orrelaterespond-correspond

counter-：oppositeact-counteractattackcounter-：against,opposite；

-counterattackintheoppositedirection；

15

correspondingexample-counter-examplecloc

kwise-counterclockwisepart-counterpart

cross-：across；cross-：across；

16goingbetweenthestatedthingsandjoiningtcombiningorinvolvingdifferentthings

hemcountry-cross-countrybreed一border~~cross-border

rrnQQhrppdcultural-cross-cultural

de-：showinganopposite；toremove；de-：dotheoppositeof；remove；

toreduce

17reduceactivate—deactivatefrost—defrost

code一decode

value-devalue

value—devalue

dis-：theoppositeof；

dis-：not；

18stoporremovehonesty-dishonestyconne

theoppositeofadvantage-disadvantag

ct-disconnect

eagree—disagreehonest~dishonest

em-：em-：(usedbeforeb,m,p)putintooronto,orprovid

(usedbeforeb,m,p)tocausetobecome

19ewith；causetobe

body*embodypower-empower

newer----*arnncu/ar

en-：tocausetobecome；tomakedanger

en-：putintooronto,oiprovidewith；causetobe

20一endanger

large一enlargedanger-endangerlarge一enlarge

ex-：ex-：fbrmer

21former(andstillliving)minister-ex-mwife-ex-wife

inisterwife-ex-wife

extra-：outside；beyondextra-：outsideorbeyond；

22

curricular-extracurricularveryormorethannormal

ordinary——extraordinarycurricular-extracurricular

large一extra-large

fore-inadvance,before；inoratthefrontfore-：beforeorinadvance；inoratthefrontof

23

arm—forearmtell—foretell

warn-forewarnname——forename

il-：(usedbeforel)notil-：(usedbefore/)not

24logical—illogical

legal一illegalliterate——illiterate

im-：im-：(usedbeforeb,m,p)notmoral—immoral

25(usedbeforeb,m,p)notmoral-immo

ral

in-：notin-：not

26direct-indirectsensitive—insensitive

sensitive—insensitive

infra-：belowinarange；beyondinfra-：belowsomethinginarangesonic-infraso

27

red—infrarednic

structure—infrastructure

inter-：between；amonginter-：between；

28change——interchangenational——interninvolvingtwoormorestate—interstate

ationalnsitinnal—*infprniitinn?11

intra-：inside,within；intointra-：within；into

29

city一intracitydepartment一European一

intra-denartmentr?..?____________i__:4.______i__

ir-：(usedbeforer)not

30ir-：(usedbefbrer)notregular一regular-irregular

irregularresponsible-irresponsible

kilo-：thousand

31kilo-：thousandgram一kilogrammetermeter-kilometer

一kilometer

macro-：maero-：large,large-scale

large,esp.concerningawholesystemratherteconomics-macroeconomics

32

hanparticularpartsofeconomics—macroec

onomicsstructure一macrostructure

mal-：badorbadly；notcorrectorcorrectly

33mal-：badorbadlyfunction,

practice一malpractice

malfunctiontreat-maltreat

function——malfunction

micro-：

micro-：small,small-scale；onemi11ionthpartof

extremelysmallcomputer-microcom

34organism——microorganism

puterelectronics—microelectronics

second一microsecond

mid-：middlemid-：themiddleofaparticularperiodoftimeorapa

35

day—middayrticularplace

night——midnightSeptember——mid-Septemberwest—mid

west

mono-：one；singleplane——monoplanemono-：one,singlelingual——monolingual

36

tone——monotone

multi-：morethanone；manypurpose一multi-：morethanoneortwo,manynational——mul

37multipurposetinational

national——multinationalpurpose一multipurpose

non-：notnon-：not

38smoker-non-smoker

resident—non(-)resident

out-：outside；out-：bigger,further,greater,etc；

39beyondlive-outlivedoor~~outdooroutsideorbeyond

live-outlive

rlnnr-----mitdnnr

over-：toomuch；above；additionalheadover-：toomuch；above；

40一overheadadditionalweight-overweighthead一

time-overtimeoverhead

poly-：many

41poly-：manycentric—polycentricsyllabic

centric-polycentric

一polysyllabic

post-：laterthan；post-：afterorlaterthanwar-postwar

42aftergraduate——postgraduatewar-pos

twar

pre-:before；inadvancepre-：beforeorinadvanceindustrial——pre-industr

43pay—prepayial

war-prewar

pro-：infavorof,supportingpro-：infavorof,supporting；

America——pro-Americaabortion—proactingasasubstitutefor

44

-abortionEuropean——pro-European

noun——pronoun

pseudo-：notreal；pseudo-：falseornotrealscience—pseudoscienc

45falsename——pseudonyme

cripnrp—nQPiidnQfipnrp

re-：again；backtotheformerstateunite一re-：again；againinabetterordifferentway；

reunitebacktoafonnerstate

46use—reuseapply—reapply

write-rewriteunite—

reunite

self-：bymeansofoneselforitself；self-：relatingtoyourselfbritself

47

of,to,with,for,orinoneselforitselfevident—self-evident

employed——self-employedtaught——sei

f-taught

semi-：half；partlycircle-semicirclesemi-：half；partialorpartlycircle-semicircle

48

final——semifinalconscious—semiconscious

step-：notbybirthbutthroughaparentwhohastep-：relatedasaresultofoneparentmarryingagai

49sremarriedn

mother-stepmotherchildren—stepchmother-stepmother

ildren

sub-：under,below；lessimportant；sub-：underorbelow；partofabiggerwhole；

partofthestatedbiggerwholenotasgoodasotherpeopleorthings

divide——subdivideway—subway

50

section—subsectionsection—subsection

standard——substandard

super-：more,larger,greaterthanusualnatural——s

super-：morejlarger,greaterthanusual

51upernatural

market——supermarket

naturalLsupernatural

tele-：tele-：atoroveralongdistance

atoroveralongdistancebyorfortelevisioncommunications——telecommunications

52

communication一telecommunication

cr*r?=*An--*tal-acraan

therm(o)-：relatingtoheatmeter-thermometer

53therm(o)-：