高考英語(yǔ)熱點(diǎn)專(zhuān)題復(fù)習(xí) 第二部分 知識(shí)運(yùn)用專(zhuān)題六 易混詞語(yǔ)辨析試題

專(zhuān)題六：易混詞語(yǔ)辨析一、考點(diǎn)精要完形填空中的詞匯考查重點(diǎn)：=1\*GB3①形近詞詞義辨析=2\*GB3②近義詞詞義辨析=3\*GB3③固定搭配和習(xí)慣用法【授之以漁】考點(diǎn)1.形近詞詞義辨析【巧點(diǎn)妙撥】近幾年高考中,形近詞的高頻考點(diǎn)有：拼寫(xiě)字母形近詞；字母次序形近詞?？忌匠Ｐ枰訌?qiáng)積累,合理歸納,適時(shí)總結(jié)。例1.Themanwhoisdesertedinthedesertiseagertogetsome_____toeatbecauseheknowsthatthedairyproductscansavehiminthatcase,especiallyatnight.A.desertB.dessertC.deserterD.deserts答案：B句意：被遺棄在沙漠里的那個(gè)人很想吃些甜食,因?yàn)樗滥讨破分?lèi)的東西在這種情況下能救他,尤其是到了晚上。解析：考查拼寫(xiě)字母形近詞詞義辨析。desert沙漠;dessert甜食;deserter逃兵;deserts為名詞desert的復(fù)數(shù)形式。例2.“Ionlyjustcame_____,”shereplied.“Ihaven’tunpackedmybagyet.”A.abroad B.broad C.aboard D.board答案：C句意：“我剛上船,”她說(shuō),“包還沒(méi)放好呢?！苯馕觯嚎疾槠磳?xiě)字母形近詞詞義辨析。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,“上船”應(yīng)為aboard；abroad作副詞,意為“在國(guó)外”；broad作形容詞,意為“廣闊的”；board意為“木板,委員會(huì),董事會(huì)”。考點(diǎn)2.近義詞詞義辨析【巧點(diǎn)妙撥】近年來(lái)，近義詞詞義辨析題在完形填空中的設(shè)空數(shù)基本保持穩(wěn)定。根據(jù)2014年高考英語(yǔ)科試題和新課標(biāo)的主旨精神,預(yù)計(jì)2015年高考英語(yǔ)科試題會(huì)繼續(xù)加大對(duì)近義名詞,動(dòng)詞,形容詞和副詞的考查力度。例：Ican’trecallanyofthesongsthatthebandplayed.IjustrememberthatIreallyenjoyedtheshowanddidn’twantitto49.Butintheend,afterthreeencores(加演),theshowfinished.(2011山東卷)49.A.continueB.delay C.finish D.change答案：C解析：考查近義詞詞義辨析。由設(shè)空處后面的一句可知應(yīng)填finish。continue繼續(xù)；delay推遲；finish完成；change改變?？键c(diǎn)3.固定搭配和習(xí)慣用法【巧點(diǎn)妙撥】Theteamdidwellbuttheyneverwonagamethatseason27thenightwhenitsnowedandtheopposingteamnevershowedup.Attheendoftheseason,theboysplayedinthechurchleague’stournament.Atthelast-placeteam,theydrewtheunfortunatespotofplayingagainstthebestteam.(2011山東卷)27.A.asforB.exceptforC.thankstoD.insteadof答案：B解析：考查介詞構(gòu)成的固定搭配的詞義辨析。asfor關(guān)于;exceptfor除……之外；thanksto由于；insteadof代替。由空格前面的theyneverwonagame及空格后面的thenightwhenitsnowedandtheopposingteamnevershowedup可知這是一次例外,故四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中B項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境?？键c(diǎn)4.語(yǔ)境化選詞【巧點(diǎn)妙撥】Buttheseventeen-year-oldgirlcouldnotacceptorevenheartheinvitation.Shewasjustbeginningtounderstandtheworld.Andshe50thatherfirsthandexperiencecouldbethetruth.(2011新課標(biāo)全國(guó)卷)50.A.believedB.doubtedC.provedD.explained答案：A句意：一個(gè)17歲的小女孩不可能接受這樣的問(wèn)題,甚至也沒(méi)有聽(tīng)到那位教授的邀請(qǐng)。解析：考查語(yǔ)境化選詞。在她這個(gè)年齡短的人只是剛剛開(kāi)始認(rèn)識(shí)世界,感知世界。她相信自己的第一手經(jīng)驗(yàn)就是真理。二、典題對(duì)應(yīng)【名師坐堂】典題1.arise,rise,raise1)Ican’thearyou;please_____yourvoice.2)He_____andlefttheroom.3)Afterthisraintheriverwill_____.4)Anewproblemhas_____.【命題意圖】答案：1)raise2)rose/arose3)rise4)arisen解析：arise多指“(問(wèn)題/困難等)產(chǎn)生、出現(xiàn)”,為不及物動(dòng)詞。rise作“上升,升起”講,為不及物動(dòng)詞,可指“起身、起立、起床、上漲”等。raise為及物動(dòng)詞,可指“舉手(重物等),提高聲音(地位、生活水平等)”。典題2.hire,employ,rent,appoint1)He_____amantoplantflowers.2)They_____ahallforanevening.3)He_____aroomtoastudent.4)They_____Edward(tobe)manager.【命題意圖】答案：1)hired/employed2)hired/rent3)rent4)appointed解析：hire意指按時(shí)間或工作量“雇用人或租用物”,指“雇用人”時(shí)意同employ,若指“暫時(shí)租用物”意同rent；rent多指長(zhǎng)期“租用土地、房屋”等,也可指“向外出租”；employ多指商店、公司等部門(mén)“長(zhǎng)期雇用人”；appoint意為“聘用、任命”。典題3.bringup,bringdown,bringback,bringin,bringabout,bringout1)What_____thechangeinhisattitude?2)Hewas_____byhisgrandparentsinthecountryside.3)Thephotographs_____manypleasantmemories.4)Canyoutrytogetthem_____theprice?5)Hisorchards_____￡2,000ayear.6)Hehas_____twonewbooksthisyear.【命題意圖】答案：1.broughtabout2.broughtup3.broughtback4.bringdown5.bringin6.broughtout解析：bringup撫養(yǎng)、提出、嘔吐；bringdown降低、使倒下；bringback帶回、使回憶起；bringin引進(jìn)、賺??；bringabout引起、導(dǎo)致；bringout說(shuō)明、引出、出版。直擊高考1.Theenemysoldierswerebeaten.Theyhadno_____buttogivein.A.possibility B.way C.selection D.choice2.Lyinginbed,hewas_____awakewithhiseyesfixedontheceiling.A.wide B.open C.deep D.clearly3.Fromthesamefactwedrewdifferent_____.A.ideas B.theories C.results D.conclusions4.Doyouknowhowmanybasic_____ofbloodthereareinall?A.kinds B.sorts C.types D.forms5.Hewassotiredthatassoonashelaydownhefell_____asleep.A.fast B.very C.much D.deep6.The_____ofoilunderthelandmadethepeoplericher.A.founding B.invention C.discovery D.existence7.IhadhopedthatHenrywouldanswermyquestion,butheremained_____.A.quiet B.still C.ready D.silent8.Fatheroftenturnstothedoctorfor_____abouthishearttrouble.A.help B.advice C.money D.support9.Hehassuchapoorly-paidjobthattwentydollarsaweekwasthe_____ofhisincome.A.all B.whole C.totals D.entire10.Itmakesno_____whetheryougotodayortomorrow.A.means B.suggestion C.difference D.idea三、命題趨向=1\*GB3①分析近五年來(lái)的高考題不難看出,完形填空這一題型重點(diǎn)考查考生對(duì)語(yǔ)境意義的理解以及常用的一些固定搭配?？疾閷?shí)詞(包括名詞、動(dòng)詞、形容詞等)較多,因此,突破這一題型的方法重在精講精練,讓考生積累一些固定搭配以及一些常用的實(shí)詞的用法。②完形填空題不僅側(cè)重于考查學(xué)生的邏輯思維能力和對(duì)具體語(yǔ)境的把握能力,更是對(duì)學(xué)生整體語(yǔ)篇意義理解的連貫性和運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的準(zhǔn)確性考查。它屬于有一定難度的障礙性閱讀理解題,是學(xué)生感到最難把握的題型之一。③近幾年的完形填空題以單純考查語(yǔ)法和詞義為目的的題在設(shè)題中很少出現(xiàn),詞語(yǔ)辨析題的比例有所增加。選項(xiàng)中的三個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)不一定是錯(cuò)誤的,而是不符合所在語(yǔ)篇的特定語(yǔ)言環(huán)境。這更加突出了語(yǔ)境化和整體性。學(xué)生只有通過(guò)文章所給出的語(yǔ)境,善于運(yùn)用邏輯推理能力,才能準(zhǔn)確做出判斷。它所考查的是學(xué)生靈活運(yùn)用所學(xué)詞匯的能力。學(xué)生在復(fù)習(xí)詞匯時(shí)要注重同義詞、近義詞的歸納?！臼谥詽O】1.研讀首句,通讀全文,把握主旨。學(xué)生做題時(shí)需要整體把握。所以應(yīng)先通讀全文,掌握文章大意,從整體上把握文章脈絡(luò)、結(jié)構(gòu),理解作者的態(tài)度、觀點(diǎn)和表達(dá)習(xí)慣,為下一步做題打好基礎(chǔ)。2.注重語(yǔ)境,上下結(jié)合,試選答案。在掌握文章大意的基礎(chǔ)上復(fù)讀全文,邊讀邊選。從上下文語(yǔ)境、語(yǔ)意、語(yǔ)法、詞義等多種角度進(jìn)行篩選分析,試選出答案。3.檢查全文,統(tǒng)籌兼顧,確保最佳。填空全部完成后,學(xué)生還要進(jìn)行回查,仔細(xì)推敲,校正全文,使短文恢復(fù)原貌。檢查文章語(yǔ)意是否前后一致,上下順通連貫,內(nèi)容完整,所選答案是否符合語(yǔ)法、句法結(jié)構(gòu)。要做到整體把握,局部服從整體,對(duì)有疑問(wèn)的地方,應(yīng)結(jié)合文章的主題,從意義、語(yǔ)法或其他方面從新考慮,及時(shí)對(duì)答案做出調(diào)整。熱點(diǎn)專(zhuān)題六1.答案：D。解析：havenochoice