Unit 1 People of Achievement (高二英語精準(zhǔn)輔導(dǎo)學(xué)練測)

20232024學(xué)年高二英語【精準(zhǔn)輔導(dǎo)】學(xué)練測Unit1PeopleofAchievement目錄一單元重點(diǎn)詞匯講解突出重難點(diǎn)，點(diǎn)撥引導(dǎo)學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)問題、解決問題二單元重點(diǎn)短語（漢譯英）精準(zhǔn)掌握單元重點(diǎn)短語三單句語法填空精準(zhǔn)掌握語法用法四課文經(jīng)典回顧課本知識語法填空自測五閱讀理解提升閱讀的理解能力六七選五提升推理判斷能力，對文章結(jié)構(gòu)的理解能力和還原信息、完形短文的能力七完形填空提高學(xué)習(xí)英語的綜合能力八語法填空提升邏輯判斷、分析理解能力九單元重點(diǎn)句式訓(xùn)練經(jīng)典句型，提高寫作水平十學(xué)習(xí)背誦范文回信介紹一位你喜歡的中國歷史人物十一書面表達(dá)寫一篇你作為一名即將回國的交換生在歡送會上發(fā)言的發(fā)言稿一．單元重點(diǎn)詞匯講解1.vitaladj.必不可少的;極其重要的;充滿生機(jī)的【常用搭配】bevitalto/for...對……極重要的beofvitalimportance(=beveryimportant=beabsolutelyvital)對……至關(guān)重要Itisvitaltodosth做某事極其重要Itisvitalthat...……是非常重要的(that從句中要用虛擬語氣,即shoulddo,should可以省略)playavitalrole/part(insth)(在某事中)起到極其重要的作用[點(diǎn)撥]Itisnecessary/vital/importantthat...(should)dosth.，should可以省略?！炯磳W(xué)即練】1.Goodfinancialaccountsarevital________________thesuccessofanyenterprise.

2.Itisvitalthatyou________________(keep)accuraterecordswhenyouareselfemployed.

3.Understandinghistoryisvitalto___________(understand)ourselvesasapeopleandasanation.4.Itwasvital________________(show)thathewasnotafraid.

5.我們從失敗中吸取教訓(xùn)是至關(guān)重要的。Itis________________thatwe(should)learnsomethingfromfailure.6.閱讀在語言學(xué)習(xí)中至關(guān)重要。______________________________________________________________________________________答案：1.to/for2.(should)keep3.understanding4.toshow5.ofvitalimportance6.Readingisofvitalimportanceinlanguagelearning.2.【詞匯拓展】_________vt.承諾;保證vi.忠于;全心全意投入(工作、活動等)→_________adj.盡心盡力的,堅(jiān)定的→_________n.承諾;付出;投入答案：mit,mitted,mitment【常用搭配】mit...to...使……致力于……;對……作出承諾makeamitmentto(do/doing)sth承諾做某事bemittedtosth/doingsth致力于,獻(xiàn)身于(做)某事mitmistakes/acrime犯錯/犯罪mitoneselftodosth.承諾做某事mitoneselfto(doing)sth.致力于做某事【即學(xué)即練】1.Hehasmittedhimself_____________thecauseofeducation.

2.Withthehelpoftheirfather,thetwinsweremittedto________(make)deliciousbreakfast.3.Theprimeministerispersonally_____________(mit)tothisproject.4.Wemadea_____________(mit)tokeepworkingtogether.

5.我強(qiáng)烈建議你每天花一個(gè)小時(shí)讀英語，這能逐漸提高你的英語口語。Istronglyremendthat_________________________，whichwillgraduallyimproveyourspokenEnglish.6.他一生奉獻(xiàn)于和平事業(yè)。____________________________________________________________________________________答案：1.to2.making3mitted4mitment5.you(should)mitonehourtoreadingEnglish6.Hemittedhimselftoworkingforthecauseofpeacethroughhislife.3.【詞匯拓展】___________vt.評價(jià)；評估→___________n．評價(jià)；評估答案：evaluate，evaluation【即學(xué)即練】1.Eventheschoolprinciplewould_____________(evaluate)onsuchstatistics.2.Hegotagood___________(evaluate).答案：1.beevaluated,evaluation4.【詞匯拓展】_________vt.承認(rèn)(屬實(shí)、權(quán)威等);(公開)感謝→_________n.承認(rèn);感謝答案：acknowledge,acknowledgement【常用搭配】acknowledgethat...承認(rèn)……acknowledgedoing/havingdonesth承認(rèn)做了某事acknowledgesb/sthas/tobe...承認(rèn)某人/某物是……Itisgenerally/widelyacknowledgedthat/tobe...大家公認(rèn)/普遍認(rèn)為……inacknowledgementofsth為了感謝……【即學(xué)即練】1.ZhengHe’sacplishmentsarenowwidely______________(acknowledge),andheisrememberedasoneofChina’smostinfluentialexplorers.

2.Englishisacknowledged______________thelanguageofbusiness,science,ITaroundtheworld.

3.Tomacknowledged____________(defeat)inthepetition,whichmadeusquitedepressed.4.大家公認(rèn)這個(gè)越野賽跑是增強(qiáng)我們意志的機(jī)會。_______________thecrosscountryraceisanopportunitytostrengthenourwill.5.我感謝我的英語老師，沒有他我不可能在英語方面取得如此巨大的進(jìn)步。____________________________，withoutwhomIcouldn'thavemadesuchgreatprogressinEnglish.答案：1.acknowledged2.as/tobe3.beingdefeated4.Itisacknowledgedthat5.IacknowledgemyEnglishteacher5.【詞匯拓展】____________adj.顯而易見的；明顯的→____________adv.顯而易見；看來；顯然答案：apparent,apparently【常用搭配】Itisapparent/clear/obviousthat…很顯然……同義clearly，obviously【即學(xué)即練】1.___________(apparent),therobberwastryingtogetawaywhenhewasshot..Apparently2.Itisapparent_______Ineedtorethinkmylifealittlebit.答案：1.Apparently2.that6.insistvi.&vt.堅(jiān)持;堅(jiān)決要求【常用搭配】insiston/uponsth/sb(sb’s)doingsth堅(jiān)持某事/堅(jiān)持要某人做某事insistthat…(should)dosth堅(jiān)決要求……做某事【知識拓展】insist意為“堅(jiān)決要求”時(shí),其后的賓語從句用虛擬語氣,即從句謂語動詞用“should+動詞原形”,should可以省略。insist意為“堅(jiān)持說;堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”時(shí),后面的賓語從句不用虛擬語氣。其后從句謂語用“(should+)動詞原形”的常用詞有：一個(gè)“堅(jiān)持(insist)”；兩道“命令(mand，order)”；三點(diǎn)“建議(suggest，propose，advise)”；四項(xiàng)“要求(demand，require，request，ask)”。【即學(xué)即練】1.Iinsistonour_____________(take)immediateactiontoprotectourenvironment.

2.Sheinsistedthateveryone_____________(take)partintheactivity.

3.Heinsistedthathe____________(be)qualifiedforthejob.

4.只有當(dāng)我們堅(jiān)持經(jīng)常鍛煉身體我們才能保持身心健康。Onlywhenwe_________________________________physicallyandmentallyhealthy.答案：1.taking2.shouldtake3.was4.insistonworkingoutregularlycanwekeep7.【詞匯拓展】_________vt.結(jié)束;斷定;推斷出→_________n.結(jié)論;推論;結(jié)尾答案：conclude,conclusion【常用搭配】eto/reach/arriveat/drawaconclusion得出結(jié)論inconclusion最后;總之conclude(sth)with...以……結(jié)束conclude...from...從……中得出結(jié)論concludebydoingsth以……方式結(jié)束講話【知識拓展】除inconclusion外,寫作時(shí)表示“最后,總之”之意的短語還有:toconclude,inshort,inaword,inbrief,allinall,tosumup,onthewhole?！炯磳W(xué)即練】1.Icanconclude______________theirremarksthattheyarenotinfavoroftheplan.

2.Thefamousnovelistconcludedhisspeech_____adistinguishedsaying“Wherethereisawill，thereisaway.”3.Scientistshaveetothe___________(conclude)thatthetemperatureonourplanetisgettinghigherandhigher.

4.我從我自己的經(jīng)歷中得出結(jié)論：患難見真情。I__________________________________afriendinneedisafriendindeed.答案：1.from2.with3.conclusion4.drewaconclusionfrommyownexperiencesthat8.【詞匯拓展】_________n．結(jié)果；后果→_________adj.隨之發(fā)生的；作為結(jié)果的→_________答案：consequence，consequent，consequently【常用搭配】asaconsequence＝inconsequence因此；結(jié)果asaconsequenceof＝inconsequenceof因?yàn)椋挥捎趂ace/taketheconsequences面對/承擔(dān)結(jié)果【即學(xué)即練】1.Icarelesslygottheplanruined,and__________(consequent)Ihadtofacetheconsequences.2.我祖父在醫(yī)院接受治療，因此我得照顧他。①M(fèi)ygrandfatherwasundertreatmentinhospital,and____________，Ihavetoattendhim.②Mygrandfatherwasundertreatmentinhospital,and____________，Ihavetotakecareofhim.③Mygrandfatherwasundertreatmentinhospital,and____________，Ihavetocareforhim.答案：1.consequently2.①asaconsequence②consequently③asaresult9.takeupaposition擔(dān)任;任職【常用搭配】takeupaposition擔(dān)任；任職takeup拿起；接受；開始從事；繼續(xù)；占據(jù)(時(shí)間或空間)；學(xué)著做takeoff脫掉(衣服等)；起飛；事業(yè)騰飛；休假；大受歡迎takeover接管；獲得對……的控制或管理takedown寫下；記下；拆除takein吸收；接納；領(lǐng)會；欺騙takeon呈現(xiàn)；雇用；承擔(dān)；從事【即學(xué)即練】①M(fèi)aryalwaystakesupthebookandreadswhensheisinlowspirits.________________

②Shetookupthestorywhereshehadleftoffthenightbefore.________________

③Agooddealofmytimeistakenupbydrivingthechildrentoschool.________________

④Areyougoingtotakeupthechallengeofstartingyourownbusiness?________________

⑤Hedidnotparticularlywanttotakeupapetitivesport.________________

⑥Shetookupthepianowhenshewasfiveyearsold.________________2.Icouldhardly_________whattheteachersaidinclass,whichmademeinlowspirits.3.Tom，apersonwithpassion，will________hispositionaschairmanoftheStudentAssociationattheendofnextmonth.4.Whenthedelayedflightwill_________dependsmuchontheweather.5.隨著科技的發(fā)展，我們的祖國呈現(xiàn)出新的面貌。Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology，ourcountryhas________________．答案：1.①拿起②繼續(xù)③占據(jù)④接受⑤開始從事⑥學(xué)著做2.takein3.takeup4.takeoff5.takenonanewlook10.【詞匯拓展】答案：remark，remarkable,remarkably【常用搭配】beremarkablefor以……而著稱remarkableachievement顯著的成就makeremarkableprogress取得非凡的進(jìn)步Itisremarkablethat…值得注意的是……【即學(xué)即練】1.Shewasatruly________________(remark)woman.2.Insteadofendingupinjailorinthegutterhewas__________________(remarkable)successful.3.Itwouldberemarkable___________anyonetosurvive.答案：1.remarkable2.remarkably3.for11.【詞匯拓展】_____________vi.總結(jié)；概括n.金額；總數(shù)；總和→_____________n.總結(jié)答案：sum,summary【常用搭配】sumup總結(jié)；概括tosumup總的來說alargesumof一大筆【即學(xué)即練】1._______________________(一大筆錢)hasbeenlost.2.Letme_______________________________(總結(jié)一下主要觀點(diǎn))ofthepresentation.3.___________(總的來說),therearethreemainwaysofdealingwiththeproblem.答案：1.Alargesumofmoney2.sumupthemainpoints3.Tosumup二．單元重點(diǎn)短語（漢譯英）1.承諾致力于做某事___________________2.堅(jiān)決要求___________________3.(開始)掌權(quán)；上臺___________________4.擔(dān)任；任職___________________5.總結(jié)；概括___________________6.由于___________________7.連續(xù)地___________________8.被誤認(rèn)為是______________________________________10.(正常使用造成的)磨損；損耗__________________11.流程圖__________________12.理論上__________________13.得出結(jié)論__________________14.與……不同__________________15.畢業(yè)于……__________________16.堅(jiān)持做某事__________________17.從……中推斷__________________18.在這種情況下__________________19.對……有天賦__________________20.由于……的緣故__________________21.導(dǎo)致__________________22.死于__________________23.一批；一堆__________________24.冒生命危險(xiǎn)__________________答案：1mitoneselftodoingsth2.insiston3etopower4.takeupaposition5.sumup6.dueto7.onend8.bemistakenfor9.bychance10.wearandtear11.flowchart12.intheory13draw/reach/etoaconclusion14.bedistinct/differentfrom15.graduatefrom16.insistondoingsth17.inferfrom18.in/underthecircumstance19.haveagift/talent/geniusfor20.inconsequenceof21.leadto22.diefrom/of23.acollectionof24.riskone’slife三．單句語法填空用括號中所給單詞的正確形式填空。1.___________(apparent),theteacherisnotsatisfiedwithyourprogress.【解析】放在句首修飾句子用副詞,故填A(yù)pparently。2.Iftheyinsist____leavingnow,pleasegoahead.【解析】因insiston是固定搭配，意為“堅(jiān)持”,故填on。3.MoYanisaveryfamous_________(novel)inChina.【解析】根據(jù)句意及空格前的a可知，此處填novelist，表示“小說家”,故填novelist。4.TuYouyou,a____________(mit)scientist,wasborninNingbo,China.【解析】修飾名詞scientist應(yīng)用形容詞,故填mitted。5.Weshoulddrawsome____________(conclusion)fromourfailure.【解析】因空格前有some修飾，填復(fù)數(shù)形式,故填conclusions。6.Themedicinewastestedonmalariapatients,mostof________recovered.【解析】此處是由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，先行詞patients指人，故關(guān)系代詞用whom,故填whom。7.After_______(fail)morethan190times,theyfinallysucceededin1971.【解析】,故填failing。8.ItisanhonorforChina’s___________(science)researchtobespreadaroundtheworld.【解析】修飾名詞research應(yīng)用形容詞,故填scientific。9.He____________(gradual)becamefamousthroughouttheworldasabasketballplayer.【解析】修飾動詞became應(yīng)用副詞,故填gradually。10.TuYouyou’sresearchledtothe___________(discover)ofartemisinin(青蒿素).【解析】在冠詞the與介詞of之間，應(yīng)填名詞,故填discovery。四．課文經(jīng)典回顧課本知識語法填空自測TuYouyou,amittedandpatientscientist,wasborninNingbo,China,on30December1930,and1______________(graduate)fromPekingUniversityMedicalSchoolin1955.Aftershegraduated,sheworkedattheChinaAcademyofTraditionalChineseMedicineinBeijing.In1967,theChinesegovernmentformedateamofscientistswiththeobjectiveof2_________________(discover)anewtreatmentformalaria,andTuYouyouwasamong3__________firstresearcherschosen.In1969,shebecametheheadoftheprojectinBeijing,anddecidedtoreviewancientChinesemedicaltextstofindtraditionalbotanicaltreatments4_________thedisease.Afterfailingmorethan190times,theteam5____________(final)succeededin1971.TuYouyouand6_________(she)teammemberseveninsistedontestingthemedicineonthemselvestomakesurethatitwassafe.Later,themedicinewastestedonmalaria7_____________(patient),mostofwhomrecovered.Thismedicine,8__________wascalledartemisinin,soonbecameastandardtreatmentformalaria.Ithasbeeavitalpartofthe9____________(treat)formalaria,andisthoughttosave100,000livesayearinAfricaalone.OnOctober5th2015,TuYouyou10______________(award)theNobelPrizeforPhysiologyorMedicine.【解析】1.考查動詞的時(shí)態(tài)。由1955可知，此處講述的是1955年發(fā)生的事情，故用一般過去時(shí)，故填graduated。2.考查非謂語動詞。介詞of后接v.ing形式作賓語，故填discovering。3.考查冠詞。序數(shù)詞first前用定冠詞the，故填the。4.考查介詞。因treatmentforsth為固定搭配，意為“應(yīng)對某物的治療”，故填for。5.考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。修飾動詞succeeded應(yīng)用副詞，故填finally。6.考查代詞。修飾名詞teammembers應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞，故填her。7.考查名詞單復(fù)數(shù)。由后文的mostofwhom可知，用名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式表泛指，故填patients。8.考查連詞。引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句并在從句中作主語，先行詞thismedicine指物，故填which。9.考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。根據(jù)空前的定冠詞可知，空格處應(yīng)該填名詞，故填treatment。10.考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。因TuYouyou與award是被動關(guān)系，且拿獎是在OnOctober5th2015，應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)的被動語態(tài)，故填wasawarded。五.閱讀理解閱讀下面題文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。[2023·山東省濟(jì)寧市高三上學(xué)期期中]ThebeautifulislandcountryofMadagascarhasaseriousschoolshortage.AboutathirdofMalagasychildrenhavenoaccesstoeducationbecausetheschoolsaretoofarawayorseverelyovercrowded.ThinkingHuts,anon-profitorganizationdedicatedtoincreasingglobalaccesstoeducation,planstotackletheissuewithaseriesof3D-printedschools,thefirstofwhichwaspletedinApril2022.The765-square-feetstructure,namedBougainvillea,willhouse30students.Theconstructionbeganwiththeprinterpouringacement-like(水泥狀)mixtureinapatterntocreatethewalls.Theentireprocesstookjust18hours!Theroof,doorsandwindowswerelocallysourced,andthewallsweremadeofacementmixturethatcanresistbigenvironmentalpressuresinthearea.Bougainvilleawas3Dprintedby14Trees,apanywithexperienceprintingbuildingsthroughoutKenyaandMalawi.MaggieGrouts,the22-year-oldfounderofThinkingHuts,isaseniorattheUniversityofColoradoandwasjust15whenshestartedThinkingHuts.Adoptedfromaruralvillagewhenshewas18monthsold,Groutrealizedthatnotallkidswereasfortunateasherandwantedtohelp.Theideaforthe3D-printedschoolscametoherafterbrainstormingwithherfatheronwaystousethetechnologyforthegreatergood.The3Dprintingapproachshrinkstheconstructionturnaroundtimefrommonthstodays,aswellasthecost.Thisallowsmoreschoolstobebuiltinlesstimeandreducesthebuilding'scarbonfootprints.Andthesesavingsintime,costandmaterialsmeetarealneedforeducationinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)tohelpbridgetheglobalopportunitygap.“ThinkingHutshopestohaveaThinkingHutineverymunitywherechildrendonothaveaplaceforeducationandisfundraisingtodevelopthisgoal.Byusing3Dprinting,wearebiningthepotentialoftechnologywitharchitecturalsolutionsthattacklerealproblemstheworldfaceswithineducation，”saysGrouts.1．Whatare3D-printedschoolsintendedfor?A.Reducingconstructionwastes.B.Helpingdealwithashortageofschools.C.Providinghigh-qualityeducationforlocalstudents.D.Drawingpublicattentionto3D-printingtechnology.2．WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesBougainvillea?A.Ithasaplexarchitecturalstructure.B.Itfeaturesstrongresistancetobadweather.C.Itisbuiltwiththehelpofthelocalgovernment.D.Itcanholdmorestudentsthantraditionalschools.3．WhatcanbeinferredaboutMaggieGroutsfromthetext?A.Sheistrulycreativeandwarmhearted.B.Shehadnoaccesstoschoolasachild.C.Sheisdevotedtodesigning3D-printedproducts.D.Sheraisedmoneyforkidsfromruralareas.4．WhatismainlytalkedaboutinParagraph4?A.Theadvantagesof3D-printedschools.B.Thewidepopularityof3D-printingtechnology.C.Thesignificanceofnarrowingtheglobalopportunitygap.D.Theimpactof3D-printedbuildingsontheenvironment.【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。講述了MaggieGrouts在馬達(dá)加斯加創(chuàng)辦3D打印學(xué)校的事跡。1．答案：B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“ThebeautifulislandcountryofMadagascarhasaseriousschoolshortage.”及“ThinkingHuts,anon-profitdedicatedtoincreasingglobalaccesstoeducation,planstotackletheissuewithaseriesof3D-printedschools,thefirstofwhichwaspletedinApril2022.”可知，3D打印學(xué)校的目的是幫助解決學(xué)校短缺問題。2．答案：B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“The765-square-feetstructure,namedBougainvillea,willhouse30students.”及“Theroof,doorsandwindowswerelocallysourced,andthewallsweremadeofacementmixturethatcanresistbigenvironmentalpressuresinthearea.”可知，Bougainvillea的建筑特點(diǎn)是抵抗壞天氣能力強(qiáng)。3．答案：A推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Adoptedfromaruralvillagewhenshewas18monthsold,Groutrealizedthatnotallkidswereasfortunateasherandwantedtohelp.Theideaforthe3D-printedschoolscametoherafterbrainstormingwithherfatheronwaystousethetechnologyforthegreatergood.”可知，MaggieGrouts很有創(chuàng)造力(創(chuàng)辦3D打印學(xué)校)，也很熱心(幫助孩子們接受教育)。4．答案：A主旨大意題。根據(jù)第四段“3D打印方法將施工周轉(zhuǎn)時(shí)間從幾個(gè)月縮短到幾天，也降低了成本。這使得在更短的時(shí)間內(nèi)建造更多的學(xué)校，減少了建筑的碳足跡。這些在時(shí)間、成本和材料上的節(jié)省滿足了教育基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的實(shí)際需求，以幫助彌合全球機(jī)會差距?！钡葍?nèi)容可知，本段主要講了3D打印學(xué)校的優(yōu)勢。六．七選五根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。[2023·泰安市高三期中]Foryears,friendshipinAmericahasbeenindecline.__1__Friendshipcanbeanimportantfactorinwell-being,whilelonelinesscanbeassociatedwithdepressionandanxietyorheartdiseaseandstroke.Julianne,aprofessorofpsychology,said,“__2__”3__Anotherstudyfoundmiddle-agedwomenwhohadthreeormorefriendstendedtohavehigherlevelsofsatisfaction.__4__Lonelinessisasortofsignaloralarmsystem.Everyonefeelslonelyfromtimetotime,butthisisadeeperquestionaboutwhetheryouregularlyfeelleftoutorisolated.OnerecentsurveysuggestedthatroughlyoneinthreeAmericanshaveexperienced“seriousloneliness”.Italsohelpstoaskyourselfiftherearepartsofyouridentitythatfeelrestricted.5__Dr.Hall'sresearchsuggeststhatonaverage,veryclosefriendshipstendtotakearound200hourstodevelop.Quantityandqualitygohand-in-hand.Yourpersonalityandthecharacteristicsofyourlifearegoingtomakeadifference,sotrytomakesomeclosefriends.A．Friendshipisveryimportanttopeople.B．Howcanyoutellifyouneedmorefriends?C．Lonelinessisasharmfultohealthassmoking.D．Whatdoyouneedtomakemorefriends?E．Thetrendhasbeenacceleratedduringthepandemic.F．Theamountoftimeyouspendwithyourfriendsmatters,too.G．Onestudyshowedpeoplehavingsixormorefriendshavebetterhealth.【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章向我們揭露了朋友的重要性，表明了孤獨(dú)的危害，同時(shí)道出了成年后交朋友并不總是那么容易的原因。1．答案：E上文“Foryears,friendshipinAmericahasbeenindecline.”在講述美國的友誼一直在衰退；下文“Friendshipcanbeanimportantfactorinwell-being,whilelonelinesscanbeassociatedwithdepressionandanxietyorheartdiseaseandstroke.”在講述友誼的益處；選項(xiàng)E講述美國友誼衰退這一趨勢在加速，因?yàn)樵谝咔槠陂g，人們通常是呆在家里的，這更加不利于友誼的發(fā)展，故本句承接了上文所述內(nèi)容，是對上文內(nèi)容的補(bǔ)充，同時(shí)引出下文對于友誼重要性的闡述。2．答案：C前文“Friendshipcanbeanimportantfactorinwell-being,whilelonelinesscanbeassociatedwithdepressionandanxietyorheartdiseaseandstroke.”在講述友誼的重要性，同時(shí)提出孤獨(dú)可能與抑郁、焦慮或心臟病和中風(fēng)有關(guān)；上文“Julianne,aprofessorofpsychology,said”表明了空處是Julianne說的話；選項(xiàng)C在講述孤獨(dú)的壞處，與前文所述主旨一致，都意在表明孤獨(dú)的危害，故選C項(xiàng)。3．答案：G上文“Whilesheadmitstherearen'tmanystudiesthathavespecificallytackledthequestionofhowmanyfriendspeopleshouldhave,somewherebetweenthreeandsixclosefriendsmaybethesweetspot.”在講述人們擁有3至6個(gè)親密朋友可能是最佳選擇；下文“Anotherstudyfoundmiddle-agedwomenwhohadthreeormorefriendstendedtohavehigherlevelsofsatisfaction.”講述有三個(gè)或更多朋友的中年女性往往有更高的滿意度；選項(xiàng)G講述有六個(gè)或更多朋友的人身體更健康，與上下文主旨一致，都是對人們到底該有多少朋友的問題的研究探討；故選G項(xiàng)。4．答案：B下文講述與孤獨(dú)相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，提到了是不是經(jīng)常感到被冷落或孤立，因?yàn)槿鄙倥笥巡艜?jīng)常感到孤獨(dú)，言外之意，如果經(jīng)常感到孤獨(dú)，那說明你就是缺朋友了，故本段主要講述了怎樣判斷自己是否需要更多朋友，故選B項(xiàng)。5．答案：F上文講述人們因?yàn)榻煌鶗r(shí)間短而不信任新人，往往又重新開始舊的關(guān)系；下文講述非常親密的友誼往往需要大約200個(gè)小時(shí)才能建立起來；選項(xiàng)F講述和朋友在一起的時(shí)間也很重要，承接了上文所述內(nèi)容，同時(shí)引出下文拿出具體研究結(jié)果為依據(jù)來對空處所述內(nèi)容的論證；故選F項(xiàng)。七、完形填空閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。[2023·惠州市高三第一次調(diào)研]Onesummerday,Bella,ourpetdog,wasinthebushesinourbackyardmakingallsortsofnoises.Our11-year-olddaughter,Kaitlin,discoveredhersniffingandpawingata__1__，whereseveralcaterpillars(毛毛蟲)chewedleaves.MyhusbandandIquiteworriedthatourbackyard—a__2__hangoutofbirds,squirrels,andneighborhoodcats—wasn'tthesafestenvironmentfor__3__caterpillars.Sowegotabutterflyhousewherethecaterpillarscould__4__transformthemselves.Eachday,whenwetookthebutterflyhousetothebackyard,Bella__5__withit.Eachnight,whenwebroughtitbackinside,Bella__6__，andthensleptunderthetableonwhichitrested.Wedidn'tknowwhyBellawasso__7__，butshewasthereforeverystepofthebuddingbutterflies'__8__．Finally,thecaterpillarsturnedintobeautifulqueenbutterflies.__9__，Belladidn'tseemworriedwhenKaitlin__10__them.Infact,Bellaseemedtounderstandthatthiswaspartofthe__11__.Itwasn'tuntilonelastbutterflywouldn'tflyawaythatBellaexpressed__12__.Shegentlyrestedherheadnearthe__13__flier,whichcrawledontohernose.Bellaliftedherhead,pointedhernose,andletoutone__14__.Awayflewthequeenbutterfly,movingherwingslightlyupanddown,seeminglyneedingalittle__15__fromafriendtobeginhermigration.1．A.cave B．branchC．bone D．dustbin2．A.messy B．rareC．frequent D．noisy3．A.delicate B．tinyC．gentleD．delicious4．A.graduallyB．fortablyC．safelyD．easily5．A.fought B．dealtC．a(chǎn)greed D．moved6．A.followedB．leftC．hesitated D．ignored7．A.curious B．a(chǎn)nnoyedC．scaredD．a(chǎn)ttached8．A.journey B．transformationC．tragedyD．flight9．A.Fortunately B．DelightfullyC．Surprisingly D．Thankfully10．A.releasedB．cuppedC．hurt D．a(chǎn)pproached11．A.experiment B．a(chǎn)dventureC．cycle D．rescue12．A.love B．concernC．doubt D．gratitude13．A.stubbornB．a(chǎn)bnormalC．brave D．unwilling14．A.sigh B．cryC．cheer D．regret15．A.benefit B．hugC．understandingD．push【解析】本文是一篇記敘文。作者的寵物狗Bella在后院發(fā)現(xiàn)了幾條毛毛蟲，作者和丈夫擔(dān)心后院的環(huán)境對毛毛蟲來說不安全，于是給毛毛蟲做了個(gè)蝴蝶屋。自此，Bella開始了自己的“守望”之旅，它每天護(hù)送毛毛蟲從屋里到后院的來回搬動，睡在蝴蝶屋下，看著毛毛蟲破繭成蝶，最后看著它們飛走。1．答案：B根據(jù)上文中提到的“inthebushes”可知，Bella嗅樹枝，并抓來抓去。2．答案：C根據(jù)語境可知，鳥、松鼠和附近的貓經(jīng)常光顧作者的后院，所以這對毛毛蟲來說會很危險(xiǎn)。3．答案：A根據(jù)常識可知，毛毛蟲在這個(gè)階段比較脆弱。4．答案：C根據(jù)上文中的“wasn'tthesafestenvironment”可知，“abutterflyhouse”會確保毛毛蟲可以安全地變成蝴蝶。5．答案：D根據(jù)下文中的“shewasthereforeverystepofthebuddingbutterflies'__8__”可知，“我們”把蝴蝶屋從屋里移到后院的時(shí)候，Bella會一起出去，而當(dāng)“我們”把蝴蝶屋從院里搬回屋里的時(shí)候，Bella會跟著回去。6．答案：A參見上題解析。7．答案：D根據(jù)下文中的“shewasthereforeverystepofthebuddingbutterflies'__8__”可知，Bella與毛毛蟲形影不離(attached)。8．答案：B此處考查詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)。根據(jù)上文中的“wegotabutterflyhousewherethecaterpillarscould__4__transformthemselves”可知，B項(xiàng)正確。transformation“變化，轉(zhuǎn)變”。9．答案：C本空為副詞修飾整個(gè)句子。根據(jù)下文中的“Belladidn'tseemworriedwhenKaitlin__10__them”，再結(jié)合上文中Bella與毛毛蟲形影不離可知，Bella的這種表現(xiàn)是令人意外的。10．答案：A根據(jù)上文中的“Finally,thecaterpillarsturnedintobeautifulqueenbutterflies”和常識可知，毛毛蟲變成蝴蝶后就不適合待在蝴蝶屋了，Kaitlin會把它們放出來。11．答案：C分析語境可知，此處解釋了“Belladidn'tseemworried”的原因，即它似乎理解這是生命周期的一部分。12．答案：B此處與上文中的“Belladidn'tseemworried”形成對比，表示最后一只蝴蝶不愿飛走時(shí)，Bella開始擔(dān)心了。13．答案：D此處是對“onelastbutterflywouldn'tflyaway”的形容，即這是一只“不愿意”飛走的蝴蝶。14．答案：A上文講到Bella開始擔(dān)心，因此它嘆了聲氣。15．答案：D根據(jù)語境可知，蝴蝶輕輕地上下扇動著翅膀，似乎是需要一個(gè)朋友助它一臂之力。八．語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。[2023·鄭州市第二次質(zhì)量檢測]Aftertraveling1.________spaceforsevenmonths,China'sTianwen-1probe(探測器)hasreachedMarsand2.________(smooth)enteredtheorbitonFebruary10，2021,accordingtoChinaNationalSpaceAdministration.Theadministrationalsopublishedablack-and-whitepictureofMarstakenbyTianwen-13.________theprobewasabout2.2millionkilometersfromMars.Thename“Tianwen”，4.________(borrow)fromanancientChinesepoembyQuYuanofthestateofChu,5.________(mean)“thequestforheavenlytruth”.Tianwen-1,thecountry'sfirst6.________(independence)Marsmission(任務(wù)),waslaunchedbyaLongMarch5heavy-liftcarrierrocket,byfarthe7.________(large)launchvehicleinChina,fromtheWenchangSpaceLaunchCenterinHainanProvince,onJuly23,2020.Themission8.________(design)tostudythepositionoftheMartianatmosphereaswellascontributetotheongoingsearchforpastandpresentlife.9.________willbethefirstmissioninspacehistorytopleteorbiting,landingandwanderingatatime.Thefinalgoalistosoft-landaroverinMayonthesouthernpartofMars'UtopiaPlanitia10.________(conduct)scientificsurveys.【解析】本文主要介紹了“天問一號”的成功發(fā)射，還介紹了探測器的名稱由來和發(fā)射目的等。1．答案：through/in考查介詞。根據(jù)空后的“space”可知，該處指“在太空中旅行”。故用介詞through或者in。2．答案：smoothly考查副詞。副詞修飾動詞，空處修飾動詞“entered”。故用smooth的副詞形式。3．答案：when考查連詞。根據(jù)語境“中國國家航天局還公布了一張由‘天問一號’在距離火星約220萬千米時(shí)拍攝的火星黑白照片”可知，空處引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句，應(yīng)用when作連接詞，表示“在……時(shí)候”。4．答案：borrowed考查過去分詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句中謂語動詞為5空，此空為非謂語動詞，與其邏輯主語之間為動賓關(guān)系。故用過去分詞。5．答案：means考查動詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處為句子謂語，該句陳述的是客觀情況，故用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；該句主語為Thename“Tianwen”，為單數(shù)概念。故謂語動詞用單數(shù)。6．答案：independent考查形容詞。形容詞修飾名詞，空處修飾名詞短語“Marsmission”。故用independence的形容詞形式。7．答案：largest考查形容詞的最高級。此處表示2020年7月23日，我國首個(gè)獨(dú)立火星任務(wù)“天問一號”在海南省文昌航天發(fā)射中心由中國迄今為止最大的運(yùn)載火箭長征五號重型運(yùn)載火箭發(fā)射升空。根據(jù)空前的“byfarthe”可知，空處用最高級“l(fā)argest”。8．答案：isdesigned/hasbeendesigned考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)。該句主語Themission和動詞design之間為被動關(guān)系，故用被動語態(tài)；該句可以用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)陳述當(dāng)前客觀事實(shí)，也可以用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)設(shè)計(jì)此任務(wù)帶來的影響或結(jié)果。9．答案：It考查代詞。結(jié)合語境可知，空處指代上句的主語“Themission”。故用It。10．答案：toconduct考查動詞不定式。該句意為：該任務(wù)的最終目標(biāo)是在5月份在火星的烏托邦平原南部軟著陸一輛火星車，以進(jìn)行科學(xué)調(diào)查。應(yīng)用動詞不定式表示目的。單元重點(diǎn)句式1.[教材原句]UponhearingthatshehadbeenawardedtheNobelPrize,shesaid,“Thehonourisnotjustmine.”獲悉自己被授予諾貝爾獎時(shí),她說:“這份榮譽(yù)不僅僅屬于我?！本湫停簎pon/ondoing(that)...表示“一……就……”on或upon后面也可以直接加名詞。說明：“一……就……”的其他表達(dá)方式:①assoonas,nosooner...than...,hardly/scarcely...when...等。②副詞用作連詞:immediately,directly等。③名詞用作連詞:theminute/themoment/theinstant等。④at引導(dǎo)的一些介詞短語,如atthesightof(一看到),atthethoughtof(一想到),atthesoundof(一聽到)等。練透：1.On________________(arrive)homeIdiscoveredtheyhadgone.

2.Wewerefilledwithexcitement______________thethoughtofvisitingtheGreatWall.

3.________________________(她剛一說完)thansheburstintotears.

4._____________________________(我們剛坐下用晚餐)whenthephonerang.

答案：2.at3.Nosoonerhadshesaidit4.Wehadhardlysatdowntosupper2.[教材原句]ItisindeedanhonourforChina'sscientificresearchandChinesemedicinetobespreadaroundtheworld.中國的科學(xué)研究和中醫(yī)藥走向世界，確實(shí)是一種榮譽(yù)。句型：“Itisanhonourforsb.todosth.”意為“對某人來說做某事是一種榮幸”練透：1.我真誠地希望你的夢想會實(shí)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)那一天到來時(shí)，帶你參觀北京是我的榮幸。Isincerelyhopeyourdreamwilletrueand______________________________whenthatdayes.答案：1.it'smyhonourtoshowyouaroundBeijing3.[教材原句]ItisindeedanhonourforChina'sscientificresearchandChinesemedicinetobespreadaroundtheworld.中國的科學(xué)研究和中醫(yī)藥走向世界，確實(shí)是一種榮譽(yù)。句型：Itis＋過去分詞＋that從句說明：it作形式主語的常用句式：①Itbe＋anhonour＋forsb.todosth./Itisone'sgreathonourtodosth.②Itbe＋過去分詞(said，thought，believed，supposed，reported...)＋that從句③Itbe＋形容詞(strange，important，vital，obvious，possible...)＋that從句④Itbe＋名詞短語(apity，ashame，afact，agoodidea，nowonder...)＋that從句練透：1.Ashighschoolstudents,________________________________(保護(hù)海洋是我們的責(zé)任),whicharethelungsofourplanet.2._______________________(普遍認(rèn)為)ITha