第二講　從隱性提示解答七選五

第二講從隱性提示解答七選五說明：“顯性提示”“隱性提示”只是編者為從不同的角度將“七選五”這一難點題型講清弄明，人為地將諸多技法進行的一種分類，個別題型及其方法一定存在交叉重復現(xiàn)象(前一講已經(jīng)給予說明，如利用“代詞”解題，既是“銜接方法”的一類，又是“詞匯復現(xiàn)方法”的一類)。請讀者不要在形式上給予過多較真，“實用”才是硬道理。隱性解題信息(一)上下檢索復現(xiàn)詞匯類型(一)原詞復現(xiàn)法掌握特點一個單詞在一個語意場中以同樣的形式反復出現(xiàn)，有時兼有詞形的變化技巧運用

①尋找空格前后句中的相同關鍵詞；②根據(jù)語言習慣，第一句的賓語往往是第二句的主語，或者前后句有相同、重疊的詞語[例1]

(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷節(jié)選)It'ssomethingofacliché(陳詞濫調)thatmostpeoplelearnnotfromtheirsuccessesbuttheirmistakes.Thethingis,it'strue.__40__We'reallchangingandlearningallthetimeandmistakesareapositivewaytodevelopandgrow.D．It'sjustasimportanttoshowyourselfsomeforgiveness.E．Itdoesn'tmeanyouhavetoignorewhat'shappenedorforgetit.F．Whateveritis,nomatterhowsmallitmightseem,writeitdown.G．Whateverthemistake,rememberitisn'tafixedaspectofyourpersonality.[分析]

根據(jù)空前可知，作者認為大多數(shù)人是從錯誤中學習的。根據(jù)空后可知我們都在改變并一直在學習。選項G符合語境，選項中的“mistake”與空前的theirmistakes和空后的mistakes屬于原詞復現(xiàn)。類型(二)代詞復現(xiàn)法掌握特點為了避免與上文提到的名詞重復，常用不同的代詞指代上文提到的人、事物或事件技巧運用①注意空格前后出現(xiàn)的代詞，并確定其意義；②結合指代意義和單復數(shù)解題[例2]

(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷節(jié)選)Youcouldaskafriendorfamilymembertohelpaddtoyourlist.__39__Thatway,youcouldexchangethoughtsonwhatmakeseachofyouspecialandtheaspectsofyourpersonalitythatshinethrough.Infact,don'twaituntilyou'vemadeamistaketotrythis—it'sagreatwaytoboostself-confidenceatanytime.A．Alittleself-forgivenessalsogoesalongway.B．Nowlistallthecharacteristicsyoulikeaboutyourself.C．Theymightevenliketohaveagoatdoingtheexercise.[分析]

根據(jù)空后可知，空處提到了某種方式，這種方式會使得你和朋友們一起交換意見等。C項中的“They”與空前的“afriendorfamilymember”保持一致，同時選項C和下文“Infact,don'twaituntilyou'vemadeamistaketotrythis—it'sagreatwaytoboostself-confidenceatanytime.”中的“this”一致。類型(三)派生復現(xiàn)法[例3]

__40__Whilethesun'srayscanageandharmourskin,theyalsogiveusbeneficialVitaminD.TomakesureyougetenoughVitaminD—butstillprotectyourskin—putonsunscreenrightasyouheadoutside.Ittakessunscreenaboutfifteenminutestostartworking,andthat'splentyoftimeforyourskintoabsorbaday'sworthofVitaminD.掌握特點派生詞是由詞根加詞綴構成的詞技巧運用在句中尋找這類詞的復現(xiàn)D．Anothersidebenefitofgettingfreshairissunlight.E．Butisfreshairreallyasgoodforyouasyourmotheralwayssaid?[分析]

由下文陽光也能帶來有益的維生素D可知，空處應是呼吸新鮮空氣的另一個好處。下文中的“beneficial”與D項中的“benefit”屬于同根詞，屬于派生詞重復信息。故選D項。類型(四)同義(反義)復現(xiàn)法[例4]

(2021·浙江1月高考節(jié)選)Iftherearethreelinesinthestore,delayswillhappenrandomlyatdifferentregisters.Thinkabouttheprobability:__33__Soit'snotjustinyourmind:Anotherlineprobablyismovingfaster.掌握特點指上下文中意義相同(相反)的詞、詞組或同義(反義)句子。技巧運用在句中尋找同義(反義)詞的復現(xiàn)A．Whydoesthisalwaysseemtohappentoyou?B．Sowhydon'tmostplacesencourageserpentinelines?C．Someofthemmayhavestoodinaqueueforalmostanhour.D．Thechancesofyourlinebeingthefastestareonlyoneinthree.E．Howhighistheprobabilitythatyouareinthefastestwaitingline?F．Withthreeregisters,thismethodismuchfasterthanthetraditionalapproach.G．Butsometimes,asonaSundayafternoon,thesystemgetsparticularlybusy.[分析]

由空前“想想概率”可知，空處應是解釋概率的具體內容。由下文“另一條隊伍可能移動得更快”可知，空處應解釋自己所在的隊伍，故D項符合語意，且空前的probability與D項中的chances相呼應。隱性解題信息(二)通過分析句子結構(一)根據(jù)其他段落小標題的句式類型解題如果題目設在段落標題處，考生可以通過其他段落小標題的句式類型來縮小選擇范圍。如果其他段落的小標題是祈使句，本段標題也應該是祈使句；如果其他段落的小標題是名詞短語，本段標題也應該是名詞短語?？s小選擇范圍之后，再依據(jù)段落內容來鎖定答案。[例1]

(2022·全國乙卷節(jié)選)·Practiseempathy(共情)38．You_may_be_the_friend_who_left_or_the_one_who_was_left_behind.Thefriendwhoisremainingneedstobesensitivetoalltheadditionaltimedemandsplacedonthefriendwhohasmoved.Theoneinthenewenvironmentshouldbesympathetictothefactthatyourfriendmayfeelabandoned.·__39__Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distancefriendships.Althoughtechnologymightmakeday-to-daycommunicationpossible，extraeffortgoesalongwayonspecialdays.Simplykeepingadiarythatkeepstrackoffriends'birthdaysandotherimportantdateswillmakesurenothingslipsbyyou.A．RememberimportantdatesB．Compensatebywritingletters[分析]

本題考查段落小標題。首先根據(jù)上文的另一個小標題“·Practiseempathy(共情)”，可以將選擇范圍縮小到A項和B項之間。下文“Anniversariesandbirthdayscarryevenmoreweightinlong-distancefriendships.”講的是諸如周年紀念日和生日等重要的日子對于維系異地友誼是非常重要的，由此推知，這段對應的維系異地友誼的方法是A項“記得重要的日子”，故選A。(二)根據(jù)其他段首主旨句句式類型解題在很多“總—分”結構的文章中，每個段落都有主旨句，這些主旨句往往句式相同。因此，如果設空處在段首，并且是本段的主旨句，那么可根據(jù)其他段落首句的結構并結合下文內容來確定答案。[例2]

(2021·全國甲卷節(jié)選)Asuccessfulswapdependsontheselectionofclothes,theorganizationoftheevent,and,obviously,howmuchfunishad.It'sreallyeasytodo!Hereareafewpointers.·Invite5－10peoplesoyouhaveaniceselection.37.Less_people_than_that,_andtheremaynotbeenoughthingstochoosefrom;morethanthat,anditbecomesuncontrollable.·__38__.Theyshouldalsoprepareplentyofreusablebagstocarrytheir“new”clotheshome.·Putdifferenttypesofclothingondifferentsurfacesintheroom...·Setastartingtime.Maybeyousay“go”，orturnonacertainsong,orwhatever...B．HoldaclothingswapD．JustkeepmusicplayingthroughoutE．DonatewhateverclothesareleftoverF．HaveeveryoneputtheirclothesintherightspotsG．Telleveryonetobringcleanclothesingoodcondition[分析]

本題考查主旨句。由于每段前都有實心圓點，因此可以初步判斷每段的首句都是主旨句，并且都是祈使句，故38題的選擇范圍鎖定在B、D、E、F、G項；根據(jù)下文“Theyshouldalsoprepareplentyofreusablebagstocarrytheir‘new’clotheshome.”可知，他們還應該準備大量的環(huán)保袋，把他們的“新”衣服帶回家，G選項“告訴每個人帶上完好且干凈的衣服”可以概括這一段的內容，且G項中的“cleanclothes”對應下文的“‘new’clothes”，“bring”對應下文中的“carry”，下文中的“They”指代G項中的“everyone”。(三)根據(jù)語意和設空所在句子的剩余部分的結構特征解題近幾年，高考命題的設空方式出現(xiàn)了一些新變化，打破了設空處是一個完整句子的命題窠臼，增添了對復合句中主、從句和并列分句的考查，所挖空的部分只是復合句的一部分，剩余的部分留在文中。針對這一類題目，可根據(jù)上下文的語意和設空所在句子的殘余部分的結構特征來確定答案。[例3]

(2020·全國卷Ⅱ節(jié)選)Writtencommunicationscanoftenreadascoldanddull.Usingemojiscanaddhumorandfeeling,keepingintentionclear.__37__，encouragingbetterandmorefrequentcommunication.A．MessageswithemojisfeelmoreconversationalF．Studiesshowthatfriendliercommunicationleadstoahappierworkplace[分析]

本題要求考生根據(jù)后面的逗號以及作結果狀語的現(xiàn)在分詞短語來補全句子的主干部分?？涨罢f明了“書面交流常常被解讀為冰冷枯燥，使用表情符號能增加幽默感和感情，從而保持意圖清晰”，空處也應是說明與書面交流相比，使用表情符號的好處；再由作結果狀語的“encouragingbetterandmorefrequentcommunication”中的兩個并列的比較級“betterandmorefrequent”可以推斷，句子主干部分含有比較級，A選項“Messageswithemojisfeelmoreconversational”含有比較級，且符合文意。隱性解題信息(三)據(jù)標點符號，分析句間關系(一)空后是逗號當設空處后面是逗號，且后面的句子是由從屬連詞引導的狀語從句時，則設空處為主句。當設空處后面是逗號，且后面的句子沒有連詞引導，則設空處多為狀語從句。[例1]

(2021·全國乙卷節(jié)選)Peoplelovetotalkaboutthemselves.Ifyoucanstarttheconversationwithaquestionotherthan“Whatdoyoudoforaliving？”，you'llbeabletogetalotmoreinterestingconversationoutofwhomeveritisyou'retalkingto.__37__，itcanbringin“Ihavethisold,broken-downvehicle”or“Irodethebuswiththesecrazypeoplewhowerelaughingatsillyjokesintheback.”Itjustopensupconversation.C．Ifyouaskthequestion“Howdidyougethere？”E．Orturntheconversationintoatopicwheretheyhavelittletosay[分析]

根據(jù)空后的標點符號及其后的句子可推知，此空應該填入一個從句；再根據(jù)“‘Ihavethisold,broken-downvehicle’or‘Irodethebuswiththesecrazypeoplewhowerelaughingatsillyjokesintheback.’”可知，空處內容與交通方式有關。故C選項符合語境。

(二)空后是句號當設空處后面是句號時，考生要根據(jù)段落主題和前后句之間的邏輯關系來解題。[例2]

(2021·全國乙卷節(jié)選)Andwhataboutthatotherdinner-partykiller:awkwardsilence?Ifyou'refacedwithanawkwardsilenceatadinnerparty,theonlythingthatalwaysgetseveryonetalkingagainistogivethehostacompliment(贊揚).__40__.Justquicklyturnaroundandsay,“Thiscakeisextremelydeliciousandyouhavetotellmeallaboutit.”D．BepreparedtohaveawkwardconversationswithstrangersG．Heorsheisthepersonwhoisfeelingtheweightofthatawkwardnessthemost[分析]

本段第一句為段落主題句，意為“如何應對另一個宴會殺手：尷尬的沉默？”，下文給出方法，應對宴會殺手——尷尬的沉默的唯一方法就是贊揚主人，故G項“他或她是最能感受到這種尷尬的人”符合語境，與前面的句子構成前果后因的關系。(三)空后是破折號當設空處后面是破折號時，考生要根據(jù)破折號后面的內容來確定答案，因為它是對前面內容的解釋和說明。[例3]

·Recall(回憶)yourchildhoodmemoriesOurmodelofwhatagardenshouldbeoftengoesbacktochildhood.Grandma'srosegardenandDad'svegetablegardenmightbegoodorbad,butthat'snotwhat'simportant.__39__—howbeinginthosegardensmadeusfeel.Ifyou'dliketobuildapowerfulbondwithyourgarden,startbytakingsometimetorecallthegardensofyouryouth.40.For_each_of_those_gardens,_write_down_the_strongest_memory_you_have.Thengooutsideandworkoutaplantotranslateyourchildhoodmemoriesintoyourgrown-upgarden.Havefun.C．It'sourexperienceofthegardenthatmattersD．It'sdelightfultoseesomanybeautifulflowers[分析]

根據(jù)空前的“butthat'snotwhat'simportant”可知，空處應講什么重要；再根據(jù)破折號后面的內容“howbeinginthosegardensmadeusfeel”可知，空處內容應該是對“我們”的關于花園的體驗的解釋，故C項“我們的關于花園的體驗很重要”符合語境。(四)空后是問號當設空處后面是問號時，考生要根據(jù)后面對這個問題的回答來確定設空處問的是什么。[例4]

(2021·全國乙卷節(jié)選)__38__？Ifyoucan'ttaketheirwineaway,youshouldcertainlytrytotakeawaytheirsoapbox(講臺).Ifyou'rethehost,youcanaskthemtohelpyouinthekitchenwithsomethingandjustremovethemfromthesituation.39.Or_turn_the_conversation_into_a_topic_where_they_have_little_to_say.A．HowdoyouknowthehostF．Whataboutthatpersonwhohashadtoomuchtodrinkorwon'tstoptalking[分析]

根據(jù)空后的問號可知，此空應該填入一個問句，選項中只有A和F是問句；再根據(jù)空后“Ifyoucan'ttaketheirwineaway”中的“wine”可知，F(xiàn)選項中的“hashadtoomuchtodrink”與之屬于同一范疇的表達，因此F項“對于喝多了或者不停說話的人該怎么辦”符合語境。(2023·中山模擬)Vacationoftenstartswithawonderfulidea.__1__Withalittlebitofpreparationandeffort,travelerscanovercome90%ofthedifficultiestheymayfaceduringatrip.Hereareusefulpointersonhowtoplanatrip.Pickingtherightdestinationaccordingtotheseasonisakeyfactorinplanningatripsuccessfully.__2__Usually,theidealseasontovisitbeaches,mountainsandforestsiscompletelydifferent.Alsotakethecostfactorintoconsideration.Goingtoaluxurydestinationduringtheshoulderseasoncanresultinsomegooddiscountsonhotelsandflights.Anotherkeyaspectofagoodtripplanneristocorrectlyestimatethenumberofdaysrequired.__3__Sometravelersliketoseenewcitieseveryday,whereassomeprefertakingitslow.You'dbetterleaveanemptydayintravelplansinwhichtherearemorethan7dayssothatthingsliketerribleweatherwon'tmessupthewholearrangement.__4__Pricesofflightsandaccommodationsriseovertimeifyouareplanningforavacationthatfallsduringthepeakseasonofthatparticulardestination.Somakingareservationafewmonthsinadvancewillhelpyouavoidadditionalcosts.Packwiselyanddonecessaryresearch.Anextrashirt,sweater,orjumpercanprovehandyduringtripswheretheweatherisexpecte