2022年全國醫(yī)學(xué)博士英語統(tǒng)一考試試題2

2022年全國醫(yī)學(xué)博士英語統(tǒng)一考試試題

試卷一(PaperOne)

PartIListeningComprehension(30%)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissectionyouwillhearfifteenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Atthe

endofeachconversation,youwillhearauestionaboutwhatissaid.Theuestionwillbereadonly

once,afteryouheartheuestion,readthefourpossibleanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethe

bestanswersandmarktheletterofyourchoiceontheANSWERSHEET.

Listentothefollowingexample.

Youwillhea亡

Woman:Ifeelfaint.

Man:NowonderYouhaven'thadabiteallday.

uestion:What'sthematterwiththewoman

Youwillread:

A.Sheissick.B.Sheisbittenbyanant.

C.Sheishungry.D.Shespilledherpaint.

HereCistherightanswer.

SampleAnswer

ABeD

Nowlet'sbeginwithuestionNumber1.

1.A.OncampusB.Athedentists

C.AtthepharmacyD.Inthelaboratory

2.A.PainB.WeaknessC.FatigueD.Headache

3.A.Theirweirdbehavioratschool.

B.Theirsuperiorclevernessoverothers'.

C.Theirtendencytohavelearningdifficulty.

D.Theirreluctancetoswitchtorighthandedness.

4.A.Johnwillbeangry.B.Johnwillbedisappointed.

C.Johnwillbeattracted.D.Johnwillbefrightened.

5.A.They'reuitenormal.B.They'renotavailable.

C.Theycameunexpected.D.Theyneedfurtherexplanation.

6.A.HeknowssolittleaboutLadyGaga

B.HehasmetLadyGagabefore.

C.HeshouldhaveknownLadyGaga

D.HeisabigfanofLadyGaga.

官方網(wǎng)站:

A.Intheward.B.Overthephone.

C.Intheemergencyroom.D.Ontheirwaytothehospital

A.HealthcareB.Healthreform

C.HealtheducationD.Healthmaintenance

A.Learningtoactintuitively.

B.Learningtoargueacademically.

C.Learningtobecriticalofoneself.

D.Learningtothinkcriticallyandreason

10.A.Sheisapharmacist.B.Sheisamedicaldoctor.

C.Sheisascientistinrobotics.D.Sheisapharmacologist.

11.A.She'spessimisticaboutthefuture.

B.She'spessimisticaboutthefarfuture.

C.She'soptimisticaboutthefarfuture.

D.She*soptimisticaboutthenearfuture.

12.A.Negligencemayputapatientindanger.

B.Patientsmustlistentodoctorsandnurses.

C.ualifieddoctorsandnursesareinbadneed.

D.Patientsshouldbecarefulaboutchoosingtherighthospital.

13.A.ThemanworksatehER.

B.Themancandonothingbutwait.

C.Thewoman'sconditioniscritical.

D.Thewomanisacapableparamedic.

14.A.Agynecologist.B.Apsychologist

C.Aneurologist.D.Anephrologist.

15.A.Shehasonlyonefriend.

B.Sheisolatesherselffromothers.

C.Shesuffersfromachronicdisease.

D.Sheisjoblessandcan'tfindajob.

SectionB

Directions:Inthissectionyouwillhearoneconversationandtwopassages,aftereachofwhich,you

willhearfiveuestions.Aftereachuestion,readthefourpossibleanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.

ChoosethebestanswerandmarktheletterofyourchoiceontheANSWERSHEET.

Dialogue

uestions16-20arebasedonthefollowingdialogue.

16.A.Becauseshecouldn'tdootherjobswell.

B.Becauseitwasherdreamsincechildhood.

C.Becauseshewasfedupwithallherpreviousjobs.

D.Becausetwoprofessorsfoundtalentinherandinspiredhertodoit.

A.TheSelf/NonselfModelB.TheDangerModel

C.ThevaccinationtheoryD.Theimmunologicaltheory

A.BeingoveractiveB.Beingmutant

C.BeingselectiveD.Beingresistant

19.A.Itcanhelpcuremostcancers.

B.Itcanhelpdevelopnewdrugs.

C.Itcanhelpmostgeneticdiseases.

D.Itcanhelpchangethenatureofmedicine.

20.A.Weshouldignoretheresistance.

B.Weshouldhavethemodelimproved.

C.Weshouldhavetheexperimentsonanimals.

D.Weshouldmovefromanimalstohuman.

PassageOne

21.A.Theprofitsformmedicaltourism.

B.Thetrendyphenomenonofmedicaltourism.

C.Thesoaringhealthcarecostsaroundtheword.

D.Thestepstotakeindevelopingmedicaltourism

22.A.AffordablecostsB.Lowpaceofliving

C.Five-startreatmentD.Enjoyablehealthvacation

23.A.Itisa$100billionbusinessalready.

B.Itisgrowingalongwithmedicaltourism.

C.Itscostsareskyrocketingwithmedicaltourism.

D.Itoffersmoremedicaloptionsthanwesternmedicine.

24.A.Tosetupawebsiteforbloggingaboutmedicaltourism.

B.Tomodifyourlifestylesandhealthbehaviors.

C.Tobuyandaffordablemedicalinsurance.

D.Toexploreonlinetogetwellinformed.

25.A.Atravelbrochure.

B.Alectureonmedicaltourism.

C.Achapterofamedicaltextbook.

D.Awebpagepromotionalmaterial.

PassageTwo

uestions26-30arebasedonthefollowingpassage.

26.A.Songsparrowstakegoodcareoftheirbabies.

B.Youngsongspanowsbacktheskillsandexperienceoftheirparents.

C.Therearedifferentkindofsongsparrowsindifferentseasons.

D.Youngandoldsongsparrowsexperienceclimatechangedifferent.

27.A.InthewarmerspringB.Inthehottestsummer

C.Becausetheycannotenduretheunusualheat.

D.Becausetheycannotfindenoughfood.

29.A.Theyarelesssensitivetotheeffectofclimatechangethankstotheirparents.

B.Theyareuicktodevelopstrongbodiestoencounterclimatechange.

C.Theyexperiencefoodinsufficiencyduetoclimatechange.

D.Theyareassensitivetoclimatechangeasthejuveniles.

30.A.BodysizeB.Migrationroute

C.FoodpreferenceD.Populationgrowth

PartIIVocabulary(10%)

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,allthesentencesareincomplete.FourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,C

andDaregivenbeneatheachofthem.Youaretochoosethewordorphrasethatbestcompletesthe

sentence,thenmarkyouranswerontheANSWERSHEET.

31.Themedicalteamdiscussedtheirsharedtoeliminatingthiscurabledisease.

A.obedienceB.susceptibilityC.inclinationD.dedication

32.Manyofusaretaughtfromanearlyagethatthegrown-upresponsetopain,weakness,or

emotionalistoignoreit,totoughitout.

A.TurmoilB.rebellionC.temptationD.relaxation

33.Thosedepressedkidsseemtocarelittleaboutothers,_communicationandindulgeintheir

ownworlds.

A.putdownB.shutdownC.settledownD.breakdown

34.Theschoolboardattachedgreatemphasistoinstudentsasenseofmodestyandasenseof

community.

A.dilutingB.inspectingC.instillingD.disillusioning

35.Ourbrainisverygoodatfilteringoutsensoryinformationthatisnottowhatweneedto

beattendingto.

A.pertinentB.permanentC.precedentD.prominent

36.Newstudieshavefoundarather__correlationbetweenthepresenceofsmallparticlesand

bothobesityanddiabetes.

A.collaboratingBprehendingCpromisingD.convincing

37.Wemusttestouraboutwhattoincludeintheemulationandatwhatlevelatdetail.

A.intelligenceB.imitationsC.hypothesisD.precautions.

38.Wemust_theproblem_,whichiswhyourmapcombinesbothbrainstructureand

functionmeasurementsatlargescaleandhighresolution.

A.set...backB.take...overC.pull...inD.break...down

39.Asthmapatientdoesn'tneedcontinuoustreatmentbecausehissymptomsareratherthan

persistent.

A.intermittentB.precedentC.dominantD.prevalent

40.Itissimplyafantasticimaginationtothatonecanmasteraforeignlanguageovernight.

A.conceiveB.concealC.convertD.conform

SectionB

Directions:Eachofthefollowingsentenceshasawordorphraseunderlined.Therearefourwords

orphrasesbeneatheachsentence.Choosethewordorphrasewhichcanbestkeepthemeaningof

theoriginalsentenceifitissubstitutedfortheunderlinedpart.MarkyouranswerantheANSWER

SHEET.

41.Thetrulycompetentphysicianistheonewhositsdown,sensesthe"mystery"ofanother

humanbeings,andoftenthesimplegiftsofpersonalinterestandunderstanding.

A.imaginableB.capableC.sensibleD.humble

42.Thephysicianoftenperceivedthattreatmentwasinitiatedbythepatient.

A.conservedB.theorizedC.realizedD.persisted

43.Largecommunitymealsmighthaveservedtolubricatesocialconnectionsandalleviated

tensions.

A.facilitateB.intimidateC.terminateD.mediate

44.CatalaseactivityreducedglutathioneandVitaminElevelsweredecreasedexclusivelyin

subjectswithactivedisease.

A.definitelyB.trulyC.simplyD.solely

45.Ocularanomalieswerefreuentlyobservedinthiscohortofoffspringbornafterinvitro

fertilzation.

A.FetusesB.descendantsC.seedsD.orphans

46.Childhoodpovertyshouldberegardedasthesinglegreatestpublichealthmenacefacingour

children.

A.breachB.griefC.threatD.abuse

47.Adistantdreamwouldbetodeliberatelysetoffuakestoreleasetectonicstressinacontrolled

way.

A.definitelyB.desperatelyC.intentionallyD.identically

48.Bigchallengesstillawaitcompaniesconveningcarbondioxidetopetrol.

A.applyingB.relatingC.relayingD.transforming

49.Concernhaverecentlybeenvoicedthatthedrugselicitunexpectedcognitivesideeffects,such

asmemoryloss,fuzzythinkingandlearningdifficulties.

A.ensueB.encounterC.impedeD.induce

50.AleafbeforetheeyeshutsoutMountTai,whichmeanshavingone'sviewoftheimportant

overshadowedbythetrivial.

A.insignificantB.insufficientC.substantialD.unexpected

PartmCloze(10%)

Directions:Inthissectionthereisapassagewithtennumberedblanks.Foreachblank,thereare

fourchoicesmarkedA.B,CandDontherightside.Choosethebestanswerandmarktheletterof

yourchoiceontheANSWERSHEIET.

ThesamebenefitsanddrawbacksarefoundwhenusingCTscanningtodetectlungcancer-

thethree-dimensionalimaging,improvedetectionofdiseasebutcreateshundredsofimagesthat

increasearadiologist'sworkload,which,51,canresultinmissedpositivescans.

ResearchersatUniversityofChicagoPritizkerSchoolofMedicinepresented52dataona

CAD(computer-aideddiagnosis)programthey'vedesignedthathelpsradiologistspotlungcancer

53CTscanning.Theirstudywas54bytheNIHandtheuniversity.

Inthestudy,CADwasappliedto32low-doseCTscanningwithatotalof50lungnodules,38

ofwhichwerebiopsy-confirmedlungcancerthatwerenotfoundduringinitialclinicalexam.55the

38missedcancers,15weretheresultofinterpretationerror(identifyinganimagebut56itasnon

cancerous)and2357observationalerror(notidentifyingthecancerousimage).

CADfound32ofthe38previouslymissedcancers(84%sensitivity),withfalse-positive58of

1.6persection.

AlthoughCADimproveddetectionoflungcancer,itwon*treplaceradiologists,saidSgmuelG

Armato,PhD,leadauthorofthestudy.nThecomputerisnotperfect,"Armatosaid/'Itwillmisssome

cancersandcallsomethingscancerthat59.Theradiologistscanidentifynormalanatomythatthe

computermay60somethingsuspicious.It'saspell-checkerofsorts,orasecondopinion.

51.A.incommonB.inturnC.inoneD.inall

52.A.preliminaryB.considerateC.deliberateD.ordinary

53.A.beingusedB.touseC.usingD.use

54.A.investigatedB.originatedC.foundedD.funded

55.A.FromB.AmidC.OfD.In

56.A.disseminatingB.degeneratingC.dismissingD.deceiving

57.A.weremistakenforB.wereattributedtoD.resultinD.gaveawayto

58.A.mortalitiesB.incidencesC.imagesD.rates

59.A.don'tB.won'tC.aren'tD.wasn't

60.A.standforB.searchforC.accountforD.mistakefbr

PartIVReadingComprehension(30%)

Directions:Inthisparttherearesixpassages,eachofwhichisfollowedbyfiveuestions.Foreach

uestiontherearefourpossibleanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosethebestanswerandmarkthe

letterofyourchoiceontheANSWERSHEET.

WhenTonyWagner,theHarvardeducationspecialist,describeshisjobtoday,hesayshe*s"a

translatorbetweentwohostiletribes',-theeducationworldandthebusinessworld,thepeoplewho

teachourkidsandthepeoplewhogivethemjobs.Wagnefsargumentinhisbook''Creating

Innovations:TheMakingofYoungPeopleWhoWillChangetheWorld"isthatourK-12and

collegetracksarenotconsistently"addingthevalueandteachingtheskillsthatmattermostinthe

marketplace.'1

Thisisdangerousatatimewhenthereisincreasinglytosuchthingsasahigh-wage,middle-

skilledjob-thethingthatsustainedthemiddleclassinthelastgeneration.Now,thereisonlya

high-wage,high-skilledjob.Everymiddle-classjobtodayisbeingpulledup,outordownfasterthan

ever.Thatis,iteitherreuiresmoreskillorcanbedonebymorepeoplearoundtheworldorisbeing

buriedmadeobsoletefasterthanever.Whichiswhythegoalofeducationtoday,arguesWagner,

shouldnotbetomakeeverychild"collegeready"but"innovationready"-readytoaddvalueto

whatevertheydo.

Thatisatalltask.ItrackedWagnerdownandaskedhimtoelaborate."Today,“hesaidviae-

mail,“becauseknowledgeisavailableoneveryIntemet-connecteddevice,whatyouknowmatters

farlessthanwhatyoucandowithwhatyouknow.Thecapacitytoinnovate—theabilitytosolve

problemscreativelyorbringnewpossibilitiestolifeandskillslikecriticalthinking,communication

andcollaborationarefarmoreimportantthanacademicknowledge.Asoneexecutivetoldme,"We

canteachnewhiresthecontent.Andwewillhavetobecauseitcontinuestochange,butwecan't

teachthemhowtothink—toasktherightuestions—andtotakeinitiative."

Mygenerationhaditeasy.Wegotto"find"ajob.But,morethanever,ourkidswillhaveto

“invent"ajob.Sure,theluckyoneswillfindtheirfirstjob,but,giventhepaceofchangetoday,

eventheywillhavetoreinvent,re-engineerandreimaginethatjobmuchoftenthantheirparentsif

theywanttoadvanceinit

"Finlandisoneofthemostinnovativeeconomicsintheworld/'Wagnersaid,"anditisthe

onlycountrywherestudentsleavehighschool'innovation-ready.1Theylearnconceptsandcreativity

morethanfacts,andhaveachoiceofmanyelective一allwithashorterschoolday,littlehomework,

andalmostnotesting.Thereareagrowingnumberof"reinvented"collegesliketheOlinCollegeof

Engineering,theM.I.T.MediaLabandthe"D-school"Stanfordwherestudentslearntoinnovate.'1

61.Inhisbook,Wagnerarguesthat.

A.theeducationworldarehostiletoourkids

B.thebusinessworldarehostiletothoseseekingjobs

C.thebusinessworldaretoodemandingontheeducationworld

D.theeducationworldshouldteachwhatthemarketplacedemands

62.Whatdoesthe"talltask"refertointhethirdparagraph

A.Sustainingthemiddleclass.

B.Savinghigh-wage,middle-skilledjobs.

63.WhatismainlyexpressedinWagner'se-mail

A.Newhiresshouldbetaughtthecontentratherthanthewaysofthinking.

B.KnowledgeismorereadilyavailableonInternet-connecteddevices.

C.Academicknowledgeisstillthemostimportanttoteach.

D.Creativityandskillsmattermorethanknowledge.

64.Whatisimpliedinthefourthparagraph

A.Jobsfavortheluckyonesineverygeneration.

B.Jobschangedslowlyintheauthor'sgeneration.

C.Theauthor'sgenerationledaneasierlifethantheirkids.

D.Itwaseasyfortheauthor'sgenerationtofindtheirfirstjob.

65.Whatisthepurposeofthelastparagraph

A.toorientfutureeducation

B.toexemplifythenecessaryshiftineducation

C.todrawaconclusionabouttheshiftineducation

D.tocriticizesomecollegesfortheirpracticesineducation

PassageTwo

Bytheendofthiscentury,theaverageworldtemperatureisexpectedtoincreasebetweenone

andfourdegrees,withwidespreadeffectsonrainfall,sealevelsandanimalhabitats.Butinthe

Arctic,wheretheeffectsofclimatechangearemostintense,theriseintemperaturecouldbetwice

asmuch.

UnderstandinghowArcticwarmingwillaffectthepeople,animals,plantandmarinelifeand

economicactivityinCanada'sNorthareimportanttothecountry'sfuture,saysKentMoore,and

atmosphericphysicistatUniversityofTorontoMississaugawhoisparticipatinginalong-term,

internationalstudyofthemarineecosystemalongtheBeaufortSea,fromAlaskatotheMackenzie

delta.

Thestudywilladdtoourknowledgeofeverythingfromtheextentofseaiceintheregionto

howfishstockswillchangetowhichareascouldbecometargetsforoilandgasexplorationtothe

impactontheindigenouspeoplewhocallthispartofthecountryhome.

Moore,whohasworkedintheArcticformorethan20years,sayshisresearchhasalready

foundthatthinningseaiceandchangesinwindpatternsarecausinganimportantchangeinthe

marinefoodchain:phytoplankton（浮游植物）isbloomingtwotothreeweeksearlier.Manyanimals

timetheirannualmigrationtotheArcticforwhenfoodisplentiful,andhavenotadaptedtothe

earlierbloom."AnimalsMbehaviorcanevolveoveralongtime,buttheseclimatechangesare

happeninginthespaceofadecade,ratherthanhundredsofyears/saysMoore,"Animalscan't

changetheirbehaviorthatuickly.1'

AwarmerArcticisexpectedtohaveimportanteffectsonhumanactivityintheregion,asthe

9-y

NorthwestPassagebecomesnavigableduringthesummer,andresourceextractionbecomesmore

feasible.Informationgainedfromthestudywillhelpgovernment,industryandcommunitiesmake

decisionsaboutresourcemanagement,economicdevelopmentandenvironmentalprotection.

Mooresaysthestudy-whichinvolvesCanadian,AmericanandEuropeanresearchersand

governmentagencies-willalsouseanoveltechnologytogatheratmosphericdata:remotely

piloteddrones."Thedroneshavethecapabilityofalargeresearchaircraft,andthey'reeasierto

deploy,"hesays,showingtheresearcherstogatherinformationonamoreregularbasisthanthey

wouldbeabletowithpilotedaircraft.

66.Bytheendofthiscentury,accordingtotheauthor,globalwarmingwill.

A.starttobringaboutextremeweathereventstohumansandanimals

B.increasetheaverageworldtemperaturebyfourdegrees

C.causemoredamagestothewholeworldthanexpected

D.affecttheArcticmorethananyotherpartsoftheearth

67.TohelpunderstandthedestructivemechanismofArcticwarming,asindicatedbythepassage,

theinternationalstudy.

A.isconductedwitheverysingledisciplineofUniversityofToronto

B.pioneersinpursuingthewidespreadeffectsofclimatechange.

C.involvessomanycountriesfordifferentinvestigations

D.isintendedtodealwithvariousaspectsinresearch

68.Whenhesays,"Animalscan'tchangetheirbehaviorthatuickly,1'whatdoesMooremeanby

thatuick

A.ThemigrationoftheanimalstotheArctic.

B.Thewidespreadeffectsofglobalwarming.

C.TherateoftheclimatechangeintheArctic.

D.Thephytoplanktonwithinthemarineecosystem.

69.Accordingtotheauthor,tocarryoutproperhumanactivitiesintheArctic.

A.becomesmoredifficultthaneverbefore.

B.islikelytobuildanoveleconomyintheregion.

C.willsurelylowertheaverageworldtemperature.

D.needstheresearch-basedsupportinginformation.

70.Withthedronesdeployed,asMoorepredicts,theresearcherswill.

A.involvemorecollaboratingcountriesthantheydonow.

B.getmoredatatobereuiredfortheirresearch.

C.usemorenoveltechnologiesinresearch.

D.conducttheirresearchataregularbasis.

PassageThree

Skilledclinicalhistory-takingandphysicalexaminationremainessentialasthebasisofthe

diseasediagnosisandmanagement,aidedbyinvestigationssuchasradiologicalorbiochemicaltests.

10-4

Technologicaladvancesoverthepastfewdecadesmeanthatsuchinvestigationsnowcanberefined,

orevenreplacedinsomecases,bythemeasurementofgeneticorgenomicbiomarkers.The

molecularcharacteristicsofadisorderorthegeneticmake-upofanindividualcanfinetunea

diagnosisandinformitsmanagement.Thesenewcapabilities,oftentermed'stratified（分層的）'or

'personalized1medicine,arelikelytohaveprofoundeffectonthepracticeofmedicineandservice

delivery.

Geneticmedicine,whichusesgeneticorgenomicbiomarkersinthisway,has,untilrecently,

beentheprovinceofasmallminorityofspecializedphysicianswhohaveusedittodiagnoseor

assessriskofinheriteddisease.Recognitionthatmostdiseasehasageneticcomponent,the

developmentandapplicationofnewgeneticteststoidentifyimportantdiseasesubsetsandthe

availabilityofcost-effectiveinterventionsmeanthatgeneticmedicinemustbeintegratedmore

widelyacrosshealthcareservices.Inordertooptimizebenefiteuitablyacrossthepopulation,

physiciansandservicesneedtobereadytochangeandadapttonewwaysofworking.

Perhapsthegreatestchallengeistoensurethereadinessofphysicianstousethesegenomic

technologiesformaximumeffect,sothatgeneticmedicineisincorporatedintomainstream

specialties.Forsomeclinicians,particularlythoseinvolvedinclinicalresearch,theseadvancesare

alreadyareality.

However,asizablemajoritydonotyetrecognizetherelevanceofgeneticsfortheirclinical

practice,perceivinggeneticconditionstoberareanduntreatable.Maximizinggenomic

opportunitiesalsomeansbeingawareoftheirlimitations,mediaportrayalsthatindicatethatgenetic

informationgivesclear-cutanswersareoftenunrealistic.Indeed,knowingone*sentiregenomic

seuenceisnothecrystalballofourfuturethatmanyhopeittobe,andphysicianswillneedtobe

morefamiliarwithwhatishype（鼓吹）andwhatisrealityfortheintegrationofgeneticsinto

mainstreammedicinetobesuccessful.

Finally,bothprofessionalandpublicshouldhavearealisticviewofwhatispossible.Although

thediscoveryofgeneticriskfactorsincommondiseasessuchasheartdiseaseandcancerhasledto

importantinsightsaboutdiseasemechanisms,thepredictivepowerofindividualgeneticvariantsis

oftenverylow.Developmentsinbioinformaticswillneedtoevolveconsiderablybeforethe

identificationofaparticularcombinationofgeneticvariantsinanindividualwillhaveclinical

utilityforthem.

71.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoestheauthormostprobablyagreewith

A.Personalizedmedicinewillgreatlychangethepracticeofmedicine.

B.Geneticbiomarkershavebeenlargelyrefinedoverthepast.

C.Physicalexaminationremainsessentialintinetuningadiagnosis.

D.Clinicalhistory-takingisnolongerimportantinthegeneticera.

72.What,accordingtothesecondparagraph,canbesaidofgeneticmedicine

A.Itcanoffersolutionstoallinheriteddiseases.

B.Ithasbeenwidelyrecognizedamongthephysicians.

73.Thefutureofthegenomictechnologies,forthemostpart,liesin.

A.thegreaterpotentialoftreatingrarediseases

B.thegreatereffortsintherelevantclinicalresearch

C.thegreaterpreparednessofthephysicianstoemploythem

D.thegreaterpublicityoftheirbenefitsinthemediaportrayals

74.Inthelastparagraph,theauthorcautionsagainst.

A.underestimationoftheimportanceofthegeneticriskfactors

B.unrealisticexpectationofthegeneticpredicativepower

C.abuseofgeneticmedicineintreatingcommondiseases

D.unexpectedevolutionofthebioinformatics.

75.Whichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethemainideaofthepassage

A.Geneticmedicineshouldbethemainstreamoptionforphysicians.

B.Geneticmedicineposesgreatchallengestomedicalpractice.

C.Geneticmedicinewillexertgreatinfluenceonmedicine.

D.Geneticmedicineisdefinedas“stratified"medicine.

PassageFour

Misconductisawordthatisalwaysonprofessors*minds.Incidentsinthenewstendto

describethemostseriousviolationsofscientificstandards,suchasplagiarismforfabricatingdata.

Butthesehigh-profileinfractions（違法）occurrelativelyrarely.Muchmorefreuentareformsof