2022年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試新高考II卷英語(yǔ)

2022年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試新高考II（無(wú)聽(tīng)力）

本試卷共10頁(yè)，滿(mǎn)分120分?？荚囉脮r(shí)120分鐘。

第二部分閱讀(共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分50分)

第一節(jié)(共15小題：每小題2.5分，滿(mǎn)分37.5分)

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

A

GradingPoliciesforIntroductiontoLiterature

GradingScale

90-100,A;80-89,B;70-79,C;60-69,D;Below60,E.

Essays(60%)

Yourfourmajoressayswillcombinetoformthemainpartof

thegradeforthiscourse:Essay1=10%;Essay2-15%;Essay3=

15%;Essay4=20%.

GroupAssignments(30%)

Studentswillworkingroupstocompletefourassignments(作

業(yè))duringthecourse.Alltheassignmentswillbesubmittedbythe

assigneddatethroughBlackboard,ouronlinelearningandcourse

managementsystem.

DailyWork/In-ClassWritingsandTest/GroupWork/Homework

(10%)

nClassactivitieswillvaryfromdaytoday,butstudentsmustbe

readytocompleteshortin-classwritingsortestsdrawndirectly

fromassignedreadingsornotesfromthepreviousclass'

lecture/discussion,soitisimportanttotakecarefulnotes

duringclass.Additionally,fromtimetotimeIwillassigngroup

worktobecompletedinclassorshortassignmentstobe

completedathome,bothofwhichwillbegraded.

LateWork

Anessaynotsubmittedinclassontheduedatewilllosea

lettergradeforeachclassperioditislate.Ifitisnotturnedin

bythe4thdayaftertheduedate,itwillearnazero.Daily

assignmentsnotcompletedduringclasswillgetazero.Short

writingsmissedasaresultofanexcusedabsencewillbe

accepted.

21.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?

A.Atextbook.B.Anexampaper.

C.Acourseplan.D.Anacademicarticle.

22.Howmanypartsisastudenfsfinalgrademadeupof?

A.Two.B.Three.C.Four.D.Five.

23.Whatwillhappenifyousubmitanessayoneweekafterthe

duedate?

A.Youwillreceiveazero.B.Youwilllosealettergrade.

C.Youwillbegivenatest.D.Youwillhavetorewriteit.

B

Likemostofus,Itrytobemindfuloffoodthatgoestowaste.

Thearugula(芝麻菜)wastomakeanicegreensalad,roundingouta

roastchickendinner.ButIendedupworkinglate.Thenfriendscalledwith

adinnerinvitation.Istuckthechickeninthefreezer.Butasdayspassed,

thearugulawentbad.Evenworse,Ihadunthinkinglyboughtwaytoomuch;

IcouldhavemadesixsaladswithwhatIthrewout.

Inaworldwherenearly800millionpeopleayeargohungry,

"foodwastegoesagainstthemoralgrain,"asElizabethRoyte

writesinthismonth,scoverstory.Ifsjaw-droppinghowmuch

perfectlygoodfoodisthrownaway-from“ugly"(butquite

eatable)vegetablesrejectedbygrocerstolargeamountsof

uneatendishesthrownintorestaurantgarbagecans.

Producingfoodthatnooneeatswastesthewater,fuel,and

otherresourcesusedtogrowit.Thatmakesfoodwastean

environmentalproblem.Infact,Roytewrites,“iffoodwaste

wereacountry,itwouldbethethirdlargestproducerof

greenhousegasesintheworld."

Ifthat'shardtounderstand,let1skeepitassimpleasthe

arugulaatthebackofmyrefrigerator.MikeCurtinseesmy

arugulastoryallthetime-butforhim,it'smorelike12boxes

ofdonatedstrawberriesnearingtheirlastdays.CurtinisCEOof

DCCentralKitcheninWashington.D.C.,whichrecoversfood

andturnsitintohealthymeals.Lastyearitrecoveredmorethan

807,500poundsoffoodbytakingdonationsandcollecting

blemished（有瑕疵的）producethatotherwisewouldhaverottedinfields.

Andthestrawberries?Volunteerswillwash,cut,andfreezeordrythemfor

useinmealsdowntheroad.

Suchmethodsseemobvious,yersooftenwejustdon,tthink.

"Everyonecanplayapartinreducingwaste,whetherbynot

purchasingmorefoodthannecessaryinyourweeklyshopping

orbyaskingrestaurantstonotincludethesidedishyouwon（

teat."Curtinsays.

24.Whatdoestheauthorwanttoshowbytellingthearugula

story?

A.Wepaylittleattentiontofoodwaste.B.Wewastefood

unintentionallyattimes.

C.Wewastemorevegetablesthanmeat.D.Wehavegood

reasonsforwastingfood.

25.Whatisaconsequenceoffoodwasteaccordingtothetext?

A.Moraldecline.B.Environmentalharm.

C.Energyshortage.D.Worldwidestarvation.

26.WhatdoesCurtinfscompanydo?

A.Itproduceskitchenequipment.B.Itturnsrottenarugulainto

cleanfuel.

C.Ithelpslocalfarmersgrowfruits.D.Itmakesmealsoutof

unwantedfood.

27.WhatdoesCurtinsuggestpeopledo?

A.Buyonlywhatisneeded.B.Reducefoodconsumption.

C.Goshoppingonceaweek.D.Eatinrestaurantslessoften.

C

Theelderlyresidents（居民）incarehomesinLondonarebeinggiven

henstolookaftertostopthemfeelinglonely.

Theprojectwasdreamedupbyalocalcharity（慈善組織）to

reducelonelinessandimproveelderlypeople'swellbeing.Itisalsobeing

usedtohelppatientssufferingdementia,aseriousillnessofthemind.Staff

incarehomeshavereportedareductionintheuseofmedicinewherehens

areinuse.

Amongthosetakingpartintheprojectis80-year-oldRuth

Xavier.Shesaid:"IusedtokeephenswhenIwasyoungerand

hadtopreparetheirbreakfasteachmorningbeforeIwentto

school.

“Iliketheprojectalot.Iamdownthereinmywheelchairinthemorning

lettingthehensoutanddownthereagainatnighttoseethey'vegoneto

bed.

"It'sgoodtohaveadifferentfocus.Peoplehavebeenbringingtheir

childrenintoseethehensandresidentscomeandsitoutsidetowatchthem.

I'menjoyingthecreativeactivities,anditfeelsgreattohavedone

somethinguseful.

Therearenow700elderlypeoplelookingafterhensin20care

homesintheNorthEast,andthecharityhasbeengiven

financialsupporttorollitoutcountrywide.

WendyWilson,extracaremanagerat60PenfoldStreet,oneof

thefirsttoembarkontheproject,said:"Residentsreally

welcometheideaoftheprojectandthecreativesessions.We

arelookingforwardtothebenefitsandfuntheprojectcan

bringtopeoplehere."

LynnLewis,directorofNottingHillPathways,said:"Weare

happytobetakingpartintheproject.Itwillreallyhelpconnect

ourresidentsthroughasharedinterestandcreativeactivities."

28.Whatisthepurposeoftheproject?

A.Toensureharmonyincarehomes.B.Toprovidepart-time

jobsfortheaged.

C.Toraisemoneyformedicalresearch.D.Topromotethe

elderlypeople,swelfare.

29.HowhastheprojectaffectedRuthXavier?

A.Shehaslearnednewlifeskills.B.Shehasgainedasenseof

achievement.

C.Shehasrecoveredhermemory.D.Shehasdevelopeda

strongpersonality.

30.Whatdotheunderlinedwords“embarkon"meanin

paragraph7?

A.Improve.B.Oppose.C.Begin.D.Evaluate.

31.Whatcanwelearnabouttheprojectfromthelasttwo

paragraphs?

A.Itiswellreceived.B.Itneedstobemorecreative.

C.Itishighlyprofitable.D.Ittakesagestoseetheresults.

D

Humanspeechcontainsmorethan2,000differentsounds,from

thecommon"m"and"a"totherareclicksofsomesouthern

Africanlanguages.Butwhyarecertainsoundsmorecommon

thanothers?Aground-breaking,five-yearstudyshowsthat

diet-relatedchangesinhumanbiteledtonewspeechsounds

thatarenowfoundinhalftheworld'slanguages.

Morethan30yearsago,thescholarCharlesHockettnotedthat

speechsoundscalledlabiodentals,suchas"f"and"\/",were

morecommoninthelanguagesofsocietiesthatatesofter

foods.NowateamofresearchersledbyDamianBlasiatthe

UniversityofZurich,Switzerland,hasfoundhowandwhythis

trendarose.

Theydiscoveredthattheupperandlowerfrontteethofancient

humanadultswerealigned（對(duì)齊）,makingithardtoproduce

labiodentals,whichareformedbytouchingthelowerliptothe

upperteeth.Later,ourjawschangedtoanoverbitestructure

（結(jié)構(gòu)），makingiteasiertoproducesuchsounds.

Theteamshowedthatthischangeinbitewasconnectedwith

thedevelopmentofagricultureintheNeolithicperiod.Food

becameeasiertochewatthispoint.Thejawbonedidn'thave

todoasmuchworkandsodidn/tgrowtobesolarge.

Analysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewas

aglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesafterthe

Neolithicage,withtheuseof"F'and"v"increasingremarkably

duringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnot

foundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.

Thisresearchoverturnsthepopularviewthatallhumanspeech

soundswerepresentwhenhumanbeingsevolvedaround

300,000yearsago."Thesetofspeechsoundsweusehasnot

necessarilyremainedstablesincetheappearanceofhuman

beings,butratherthehugevarietyofspeechsoundsthatwe

findtodayistheproductofacomplexinterplayofthingslike

biologicalchangeandculturalevolution,"saidStevenMoran,a

memberoftheresearchteam.

32.WhichaspectofthehumanspeechsounddoesDamia

nBlasi*sresearchfocuson?

A.Itsvariety.B.Itsdistribution.

C.Itsquantity.D.Itsdevelopment.

33.Whywasitdifficultforancienthumanadultstoproduce

labiodentals?

A.Theyhadfewerupperteeththanlowerteeth.

B.Theycouldnotopenandclosetheirlipseasily.

C.Theirjawswerenotconvenientlystructured.

D.Theirlowerfrontteethwerenotlargeenough.

34.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?

A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.

B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.

C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.

D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.

35.WhatdoesStevenMoransayaboutthesetofhuman

speechsounds?

A.Itiskeytoeffectivecommunication.B.Itcontributesmuch

toculturaldiversity.

C.Itisacomplexanddynamicsystem.D.Itdrivestheevolution

ofhumanbeings.

第二節(jié)（共5小題：每小題2.5分。滿(mǎn)分12.5分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。

FitnessMagazinerecentlyrananarticletitled“FiveReasonsto

ThankYourWorkoutPartner."Onereasonwas:"You'II

actuallyshowupifyouknowsomeoneiswaitingforyouatthe

gym,"whileanotherread:"36"Withaworkoutpartner,you

willincreaseyourtrainingeffortasthereisasubtle（微妙）competition.

So,howdoyoufindaworkoutpartner?

Firstofall,decidewhatyouwantfromthatperson.37Or

doyoujustwanttobephysicallyfit,abletomovewithstrength

andflexibility?Thinkabouttheexercisesyouwouldliketodo

withyourworkoutpartner.

Youmightthinkaboutpostingwhatyouarelookingforon

socialmedia,butitprobablywon'tresultinauseful

response.38Ifyouplanonworkingoutinagym,that

personmustbelongtothesamegym.

Mypartnerpostedherrequestonthenoticeboardofalocal

park.Hernoticeincludedwhatkindoftrainingshewantedto

do,howmanydaysaweekandhowmanyhoursshewantedto

spendoneachsession,andherage.Italsolistedherfavorite

sportsandactivities,andprovidedherphonenumber.39

Youandyourpartnerwillprobablyhavedifferent

skills.40Overtime,bothofyouwillbenefit-yourpartner

willbeabletoliftmoreweightsandyouwillbecomemore

physicallyfit.Thecore（核心）ofyourrelationshipisthatyouwill

alwaysbetheretohelpeachother.

A.Yourfirstmeetingmaybealittleawkward.

B.Aworkoutpartnerusuallyneedstolivecloseby.

C.You'llworkharderifyoutrainwithsomeoneelse.

D.Doyouwanttobeabetterathleteinyourfavoritesport?

E.Howcanyouwriteagood"seekingtrainingpartner"notice?

F.Justacceptyourdifferencesandlearntoworkwitheach

other.

G.Anynoticeforatrainingpartnershouldincludesuch

information.

第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿(mǎn)分30分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題1分，滿(mǎn)分15分）

閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入

空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。

Myhusband,ourchildrenandIhavehadwonderfulcamping

experiencesoverthepasttenyears.

Someofour41arefunny,especiallyfromtheearlyyears

whenourchildrenwerelittle.Once,we42alongChalk

Creek.Iwas43thatour15-month-oldboywouldfallinto

thecreek（小溪）.Itiedaropearoundhiswaisttokeephimneartoour

spot.Thatlastedabouttenminutes.Hewas44,andhiscryinglet

thewholecampgroundknowit.So45tyinghimup,Ijust

keptacloseeyeonhim.It46—hedidnztendupinthe

creek.Mythree-year-old,however,did.

Anothertime,werentedaboatinVallecitoLake.Theskywas

clearwhenwe47,butstormsmoveinfastinthemountains,

andthisonequickly48ourpeacefulmorningtrip.

The49^pickedupandthunderrolled.Myhusbandstopped

fishingto50themotor.Nothing.Hetriedagain.No51

Wewerestuckinthemiddleofthelakewithadeadmotor.As

weallsatthere52,afishermanpulledup,threwusarope

andtowed（拖）usback.Wewere53.

Now,everyyearwhenmyhusbandpullsourcamperoutofthe

garage,wearefilledwithasenseof54wonderingwhat

campingfunand55wewillexperiencenext.

41.A.ideasB.jokesC.memoriesD.discoveries

42.A.campedB.droveC.walkedD.cycled

43.A.annoyedB.surprisedC.disappointedD.worried

44.A.unhurtB.unfortunateC.uncomfortableD.unafraid

45.A.duetoB.insteadofC.apartfromD.asfor

46.A.workedB.happenedC.matteredD.changed

47.A.signedupB.calmeddownC.checkedoutD.headedoff

48.A.arrangedB.interruptedC.completedD.recorded

49.A.windB.noiseC.temperatureD.speed

50.A.findB.hideC.startD.fix

51.A.luckB.answerC.wonderD.signal

52.A.patientlyB.tirelesslyC.doubtfullyD.helplessly

53.A.sorryB.braveC.safeD.right

54.A.reliefB.dutyC.prideD.excitement

55.A.failureB.adventureC.performanceD.conflict

第二節(jié)(共10小題；每小題1.5分，滿(mǎn)分15分)

閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形

式。

TheChinesegovernmentrecentlyfinalizedaplantosetupa

GiantPandaNationalPark(GPNP).56(cover)anarea

aboutthreetimes57sizeofYellowstoneNationalPart,

theGPNPwillbeoneofthefirstnationalparkinthecountry.

Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareas

that58(be)previouslyunprotected,bringingmanyofthe

existingprotectedareasforgiantpandasunderone

authority59(increase)effectivenessandreduce

inconsistenciesinmanagement.

Afterathree-yearpilotperiod,theGPNPwillbeofficiallyset

upnextyear.TheGPNP_60(design)toreflecttheguiding

principleof"protectingtheauthenticityandintegrity(完整性)

ofnaturalecosystems,preservingbiologicaldiversity,protecting

ecologicalbufferzones,61leavingbehindpreciousnatural

assets(資產(chǎn))forfuturegenerations".TheGPNP'smaingoalisto

improveconnectivitybetweenseparate62(population)and

homesofgiantpandas,and63(eventual)achieveadesired

levelofpopulationinthewild.

Giantpandasalsoserve64anumbrellaspecies(物種),

bringingprotectiontoahostofplantsandanimalsinthesouthwesternand

northwesternpartsofChina.TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestronger

protectionforallthespecies65livewithintheGiantPanda

Rangeandsignificantlyimprovethehealthoftheecosystemin

thearea.

第四部分寫(xiě)作（共兩節(jié)、滿(mǎn)分40分）

第一節(jié)（滿(mǎn)分15分）

假定你是校廣播站英語(yǔ)節(jié)目"TalkandTalk”的負(fù)責(zé)人李華，請(qǐng)給外教

Caroline寫(xiě)郵件邀請(qǐng)她做一次訪(fǎng)談。內(nèi)容包括：

1.節(jié)目介紹；

2.訪(fǎng)談的時(shí)間和話(huà)題。

注意：

1.寫(xiě)作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；

2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

DearCaroline,

Yourssincerely,

LiHua

第二節(jié)（滿(mǎn)分25分）

閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段，使之構(gòu)成一

篇完整的短文。

Itwasthedayofthebigcross-countryrun.Studentsfrom

sevendifferentprimaryschoolsinandaroundthesmalltown

werewarmingupandwalkingtheroute（路線(xiàn)）throughthick

evergreenforest.

IlookedaroundandfinallyspottedDavid,whowasstandingby

himselfofftothesidebyafence.Hewassmallfortenyearsold.

Hisusualbigtoothysmilewasabsenttoday.Iwalkedoverand

askedhimwhyhewasn'twiththeotherchildren.Hehesitated

andthensaidhehaddecidednottorun.

Whatwaswrong?Hehadworkedsohardforthisevent!

Iquicklysearchedthecrowdfortheschool'scoachandasked

himwhathadhappened."Iwasafraidthatkidsfromother

schoolswouldlaughathim,"heexplaineduncomfortably."I

gavehimthechoicetorunornot,andlethimdecide."

Ibitbackmyfrustration（懊惱）.Iknewthecoachmeantwell-he

thoughthewasdoingtherightthing.AftermakingsurethatDavidcould

runifhewanted,Iturnedtofindhimcomingtowardsme,hissmallbody

rockingfromsidetosideasheswunghisfeetforward.

Davidhadabraindiseasewhichpreventedhimfromwalkingor

runninglikeotherchildren,butatschoolhisclassmates

thoughtofhimasaregularkid.Healwaysparticipatedtothe

bestofhisabilityinwhatevertheyweredoing.Thatwaswhy

noneofthechildrenthoughtitunusualthatDavidhaddecided

tojointhecross-countryteam.Itjusttookhimlonger-that'sall.

Davidhadnotmissedasinglepractice,andalthoughhealways

finishedhisrunlongaftertheotherchildren,hedidalways

finish.AsaspecialeducationteacherattheDavidfacedand

wasschool,Iwasfamiliarwiththechallengesthechallenges

proudofhisstrongdetermination.

注意：

1.續(xù)寫(xiě)詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；

2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題卡的相應(yīng)位置作答。

Wesatdownnexttoeachother,butDavidw

ouldn'tlookatme.

IwatchedasDavidmoveduptothestarting

linewiththeotherrunners.

2022年普通高等學(xué)校招生全國(guó)統(tǒng)一考試參考答案

第二部分閱讀

21.C22.B23.A24.B25.B26.D27.A28.D29.B30.C31.A32.D

33.C34.A35.C36.C37.D38.B39.G40.F

第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用

41.C42.A43.D44.C45.B46.A47.D48.B49.A50.C51.A52.D

53.C54.D55.B

56.Covering57.the58.were59.toincrease60.isdesigned

63.eventually64.as61.and62.populations65.that

第四部分寫(xiě)作

略

易溶r?水的荒胺鹽酸鹽，分液得到水相?和有機(jī)相1:向水相中加入班銃化鈉溶液將茶胺鹽酸鹽轉(zhuǎn)化為茶

胺.分液奔到苯胺粗品（T）：向有機(jī)相中加入水洗滌除去混布?的鹽酸.分液得到廢液和有機(jī)相II,向有機(jī)相

H中加入碳酸鈉溶液將微溶上水的茶甲酸轉(zhuǎn)化為易溶于水的紫甲酸鈉，分液得到甲采粗品②和水相l(xiāng)it向

水相II中加入鹽酸，將茶甲酸鈉轉(zhuǎn)化為苯甲酸,經(jīng)結(jié)晶或承結(jié)晶、過(guò)灌、洗滌得到苯甲酸粗品③。

【詳解】A.苯胺分子中含有的氨基能與鹽酸反應(yīng)，但不能與乳氧化鈉溶液反應(yīng)，故A錯(cuò)誤：

B.由分析可知，得到苯胺粗品①的分底方法為分液,得到苯甲酸粗品③的分熟方法為結(jié)晶或用結(jié)晶、過(guò)

濾、洗滌,獲取兩者的操作方法不同.故B錯(cuò)誤：

C.由分析可知,茉胺粗品、甲苯粗品、苯甲酸粗品依次由①、②、③獲得，故C正確；

D.由分析可知，①、②為液相，③為固相，都不是兩相混合體系,故D錯(cuò)誤：

故選C。

10.在NO催化下，丙烷。氧氣反應(yīng)制備丙烯的部分反應(yīng)機(jī)理如圖所示。下列說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤的是

A.含N分子參與的反應(yīng)一定有電子轉(zhuǎn)移

B.由NO生成HONO的反應(yīng)歷程有2種

C.增大NO的量，gH'的平衡轉(zhuǎn)化率不變

D.當(dāng)主要發(fā)生包含②的歷程時(shí)，最終生成的水減少

【答案】D

【解析】

［詳解1A.根據(jù)反應(yīng)機(jī)理的圖示知,含N分子發(fā)生的反應(yīng)有NO+OOH=NOi+OH、NO+NO：+H：0=2HONO、

NCh+C3H產(chǎn)C出+HONO、HONONO+OH.含N分子NO、NO：,HONO中N元素的化介價(jià)依次為+2價(jià)、

+4價(jià)、+3價(jià),上述反應(yīng)中均有元素化合價(jià)的升降，都為乳化還原反應(yīng)，定有電廣轉(zhuǎn)移.A項(xiàng)正確；

B.根據(jù)圖示，由NO生成HONO的反應(yīng)歷程有2種，B項(xiàng)正確：

C.NO是催化劑,增大NO的量,GHi的平衡轉(zhuǎn)化率不變,C項(xiàng)正確；

D.無(wú)論反應(yīng)歷程如何,在NO催化卜丙烷與O：反應(yīng)制備丙烯的總反應(yīng)都為2GH8+Od；叼-2C出+2H：O.

當(dāng)上：要發(fā)生包含②的歷程時(shí)，最終生成的水不變，D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤:

答案選D：

二、選擇題：本題共5小題，每小題4分，共2。分。年小題有一個(gè)或兩個(gè)選項(xiàng)符合題目要求,

全部選對(duì)得4分，選對(duì)但不全的得2分，有選錯(cuò)的得0分。

11.某同學(xué)按圖示裝過(guò)進(jìn)行實(shí)險(xiǎn),欲使瓶中少量固體粉末最終消失并得到澄清溶液。卜冽物順組合不符合

要求的是

氣體

A.AB.BC.CD.D

【捽案】A

【解析】

【詳解】A.通入CO」l體依次發(fā)生反應(yīng)CO2+Na；COj+Hq=2NaHCO3、CaCO3+Hq+CO2=Ca(HCOM由

于在相同溫度卜NaHCOj的溶解度小于NaKOj,最終版中仍有白色晶體析出.不會(huì)得到澄清溶液,A項(xiàng)

選：

B.通入C&發(fā)生反應(yīng)Cb+2FeCL=2FeCb、2FeCh+Fe=3FeCL,最終Fe消失得到澄清溶液,B項(xiàng)不選；

C.通入HCLNO；在酸性條件卜會(huì)表現(xiàn)強(qiáng)制化性,發(fā)生離尸反應(yīng)：3Cu+8H'+2NO；=3Cu-*+2NOf+4H：O.

最終Cu消失得到澄清溶液,C項(xiàng)不選8

D.AgCI在水中存在溶解平衡AgCI($)=Ag-(aq>KT(aq),通入NW后，Ag-與NHj結(jié)合成［Ag(NH3)4J便

溶解平衡正向移動(dòng)，靛終AgCI消失得到澄沂溶液，D項(xiàng)不選：

答案選A，

12.高壓氧還原法可直接從溶液中提取金屬粉。以硫化銅精礦(含Zn、Fe元素的雜質(zhì))為上嬖原料制備Cu

粉的匚名流程如卜,可能用到的數(shù)據(jù)見(jiàn)卜表。

下列說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤的是

A.固體X主：要成分是Fe(OH)3和S：金限M為Zn

B.沒(méi)取時(shí)，增大。2壓強(qiáng)可促進(jìn)金屬離子浸出

C.中和調(diào)pH的范困為3.27.2

D.還原時(shí)，增大溶液酸度有利于Cu的生成

【答案】D

【解析】

【分析】CuS精礦(含有雜質(zhì)Zn、Fe元素)在高壓O?作用卜\用硫酸溶液浸取,CuS反應(yīng)產(chǎn)生為CuSO,、S、

HOF6被狗化為Fd.然后加入NH3調(diào)節(jié)溶液pH,使Fe3?形成F?OH)3沉淀,而Cu"、Zn"仍以離子

形式存在」溶液中，過(guò)濾得到的灌渣中含有S、Fe(OH)3；濾液中含有Cu<Zn>；然后向?yàn)V液中通入高壓

氏.根據(jù)元素活動(dòng)性：Zn>H>Cu,C1-被還原為Cu單質(zhì)，通過(guò)過(guò)濾分肉出來(lái)；而Zn>仍然以離手形式

存在丁溶液中.再經(jīng)系列處理可得到Zn單質(zhì)。

【詳解】A.經(jīng)過(guò)上述分析可知固體X主要成分是S、Fe(OH)3.金屬M(fèi)為Zn.A正確：

B.CuS難溶于硫酸，在溶液中存在沉淀溶解平衡CuS(s)Cu-Xaq)^S-(aq).增大O；的濃度，可以反應(yīng)

消耗S%使之轉(zhuǎn)化為S,從而使沉淀溶解平衡正向移動(dòng),從而可促進(jìn)金屬離子的浸取，B正確：

C.根據(jù)流程圖可知：用NH；調(diào)節(jié)溶液pH時(shí)，嚶使F/,轉(zhuǎn)化為沉淀，而Cu〉、Zn，仍以離子形式存在于

溶液中，結(jié)合離子沉淀的pH范用，可知中和時(shí)應(yīng)該調(diào)節(jié)溶液pH范陽(yáng)為3.2?4.2,C正確：

D.在用H：還原Cu?變?yōu)镃u服質(zhì)時(shí).氐失去電子被輒化為HJ與溶液中0H?結(jié)合形成HQ,若還原時(shí)

增大溶液的酸度,c(H?)增大，不利于HN失去電戶(hù)還原Cu單質(zhì),因此不利于Cu的生成，D錯(cuò)誤：

故合理選項(xiàng)是D.

13.設(shè)計(jì)如圖裝置回收金屬鉆。保持細(xì)菌所在環(huán)境pH穩(wěn)定，借助其降解乙酸鹽生成CO-將廢IH鋰離子

電池的正極材料LiCoO；(s)轉(zhuǎn)化為cd，工作時(shí)保持厭輒環(huán)境，并定時(shí)將乙室溶液轉(zhuǎn)移至甲室.已知電

溶液溶液.溶液

A.裝置工作時(shí)，甲室溶液pH逐漸增大

B.裝置工作一段時(shí)間后，乙室應(yīng)補(bǔ)充鹽酸

C.乙室電極反應(yīng)式為L(zhǎng)iCoO,+2H,O+e=Lr+C。＞+4OH

D.若甲室Co＞減少200mg,乙室Co??增加300mg,則此時(shí)己進(jìn)行過(guò)溶液轉(zhuǎn)移

【:父】BD

【解析】

【分析】由于乙室中兩個(gè)電極的電勢(shì)差比甲室大，所以乙室是原電池.甲室是電解池，然后根據(jù)原電池、

電解池反應(yīng)原理分析解答。

【詳解】A.電池工作時(shí),甲室中細(xì)菌上乙酸鹽的陰離「失去電廣被氧化為CO?氣體，C寸在另個(gè)電極

上得到電廣，被還原產(chǎn)生C。單版,CMCOO?失去電廣后,Na?通過(guò)陽(yáng)膜進(jìn)入陰極室,溶液變?yōu)镹aCl溶液.

溶液由堿性變?yōu)橹行?溶液pH減小，A錯(cuò)誤,

B.對(duì)于乙室，正極上LiCoO?得到電子，被還原為Co2+.同時(shí)得到LiJ其中的O與溶液中的H?結(jié)合H：O.

因此電池工作?段時(shí)間后應(yīng)該補(bǔ)充鹽酸，B正確：

C.電解質(zhì)溶液為酸性，不可能大堂存在OH、乙室電極反應(yīng)式為：LiCcQ+e+dH-Lr+CQ+ZHiO,C錯(cuò)

誤，

02e

D.若甲室0=+減少200mu,電子轉(zhuǎn)移物質(zhì)的最為n(e*)=^7,x2=0.0068mol,乙室Co〉增加300me.

59g/mol

轉(zhuǎn)移電f的物偵的審為Me?尸工”[><1=0.005Imol.說(shuō)明此時(shí)己進(jìn)行過(guò)溶液轉(zhuǎn)移.D正確:

59g/mol

故合理選項(xiàng)是BD.

14.I：業(yè)I:以SrSO,⑸為原料牛產(chǎn)SrCO,(s),對(duì)其1：藝條件進(jìn)行研九現(xiàn)有含SrCO,(s)的o.imoLL，

LOmoLL'Na'O,溶液，含SrSO,(s)的O.lmoLL"、l.OmolL'Na,SO,??.在一定pH范圍內(nèi),四

種溶液中l(wèi)g[c(S--)/mo『-L.[助pH的變化關(guān)系如圖所示.卜列說(shuō)法錯(cuò)誤的是

7

.

J?

O

L

U

(、

X

S

D)

W

I

PH

,,K(SrSO.)

A.反庖SrSO,(s)+CO”』3SrCO,(sHSO；的*衢常數(shù)K“w

K.p(SlCO5)

B.a=-6.5

C.曲線(xiàn)④代表含SrCOKs)的LOmoL［「Na'Os溶液的變化曲線(xiàn)

D.對(duì)含SrSC\(s)HNa,SO4和Na,COj初始濃度均為L(zhǎng)OmolL"的混合溶液，pH>7.7時(shí)才發(fā)生沉淀

轉(zhuǎn)化

【答案】D

【解析】

【分析】硫酸是強(qiáng)酸，溶液pH變化,溶液中硫酸根離丁濃度幾乎不變，則含硫酸錮固體的酸酸鈉溶液中

錮離子的濃度幾乎不變，pH相同時(shí)，溶液中硫酸根離子越大，鋰離子濃度越小，所以曲線(xiàn)①代龍含硫酸

鍍固體的O.lmoVL敏酸鈉溶液的變化曲線(xiàn)，曲線(xiàn)②代表含酸酸鐫固體的Imol'L破酸鈉溶液的變化曲線(xiàn)：

碳酸是弱酸，溶液pH減小，溶液中碳酸根離子離子濃度越小，鋰離子濃度越大,pH相同時(shí),Imol/L碳酸

鈉溶液中碳酸根底「濃度大J-O.ImolL碳酸鈉溶液,則曲線(xiàn)③表不含碳酸錮固體的(Mmol，碳酸鈉溶液的

變化曲線(xiàn)，曲線(xiàn)④表示含碳酸盥固體的Imol/L碳酸鈉溶液的變化曲線(xiàn),

【詳就】A.反應(yīng)SrSO,(s)+CO；Sr€Om)+SO：-的平衡常數(shù)

c(SO；)c(SO：)c(Sr")K￡S?SO,)

K-c(COt)-cCCOjXSr2*)-K￡StCOJ故A正確:

B.由分析可知，曲線(xiàn)①代代含酸酸錨固體的O.lmolL硫酸鈉溶液的變化曲線(xiàn),則瓶酸鋰的溶度積

K"SrSO0=10-ssx0.1=lL，,溫度不變,溶度積不變，則溶液pH為7.7時(shí)?甥離子的濃度為I10"=]—,,

lmol/L

則a為6.5：

C.由分析可知，曲線(xiàn)工衣小含碳酸鋰固體的ImoJL碳酸鈉溶液的變化曲線(xiàn)，故C正確；

D.由分析可知,瓶酸是強(qiáng)酸,溶液pH變化,溶液中硫酸根離了濃度幾乎不變，則含硫酸鋰固體的硫酸

鈉溶液中鋰肉子的濃度幾乎不變,所以硫酸鋸的生成與溶液pH無(wú)關(guān)，故D借誤；

故選D.

15.Cu.Se是一種鈉離子電池正極材料.充放電過(guò)程中正極材料立方晶胞(示意圖)的組成變化如圖所示,

晶胞內(nèi)未標(biāo)出因放電產(chǎn)生的0價(jià)Cu原子.卜列說(shuō)法正確的是

Cu2TseNa^Ciij^SeNaCuScNa,Sc

OSe2-ONa\Cu-、CWM能占據(jù)的位置?Na-

A.每個(gè)C%,Se品胞中c『?個(gè)數(shù)為x

B.每個(gè)Na：Se晶胞完全轉(zhuǎn)化為Cu“Se晶胞，轉(zhuǎn)移電尸數(shù)為8

C.每個(gè)NaCuSe品胞中0價(jià)CuC廣個(gè)數(shù)為l?x

D.當(dāng)NayC\*Se轉(zhuǎn)化為NaCuSe時(shí),每轉(zhuǎn)移(l?y)mol電R產(chǎn)生(l?x)molCu原子

【答案】D

【解析】

【詳解】A.由晶胞結(jié)構(gòu)可知,位f,頂點(diǎn)和面心的硒離廣個(gè)數(shù)為8xg+6x：=4,位「體內(nèi)的銅崗廣和亞銅

82

國(guó)廣的個(gè)數(shù)之和為8,設(shè)晶胞中的銅離子和亞銅離干的個(gè)數(shù)分別為a和b,則a+b=8<x,由化合價(jià)代數(shù)和

為0可得2a+b=4x2,解得a=4x,故A錯(cuò)誤；

B.山題意可知，Na,Sc轉(zhuǎn)化為CuxSc的電極反應(yīng)式為Na)SoeT(2-x)Cur?uxSe+NaJ由晶胞結(jié)構(gòu)可知，

位于頂點(diǎn)和面心的硒離子個(gè)數(shù)為8，L+6X；=4,則每個(gè)晶胞中含行4個(gè)Nafe,轉(zhuǎn)移電子數(shù)為%故B錯(cuò)

82

誤：

C.由題意可知,CjxSc轉(zhuǎn)化為NaCuSc的電極反應(yīng)式為CuASe+e-+NT=NaCuSe+(l-x)Cu,由晶胞結(jié)構(gòu)可

知，位于頂點(diǎn)和面心的硒離廣個(gè)數(shù)為8x1十6x：-4.則每個(gè)品胞中含有4個(gè)NaCuSc,品胞中0價(jià)銅而個(gè)

82

數(shù)為(4Tx),故C錯(cuò)誤；

D.由題意可知，NayCuj,xSc轉(zhuǎn)化為NaCuSe的電極反應(yīng)式為NayCuxSe+(l-y)(r+Na-NaCuSe+(l-x)Cu,

所以每轉(zhuǎn)移(l?y)電子,產(chǎn)生(l-x)mol銅.故D正確:

故選D.

三、非選擇題：木題共5小題，共60分。

16.研究籠形包合物結(jié)構(gòu)和性偵具有質(zhì)要意義?；瘜W(xué)式為Ni(CN)x?Zn(NH3)yNC6H6的籠形包介物四方

晶胞結(jié)構(gòu)如圖所示(H原子未畫(huà)出),每個(gè)茶環(huán)只行N屬F該晶胞。品胞參數(shù)為a=bwc.a=p=y=90。。

回答卜列問(wèn)題:

(2)品胞中N原子均參與形成f位鍵，N產(chǎn)與Zn??的配位數(shù)之比為：x：y：z=______.：品胞中

《id軌道參與雜化的金屬離手是,

(3)毗:喻J［尚代率也可形成類(lèi)似的籠形包合物.已知毗喔中含有與不類(lèi)似的W人苑讀、則哦咤

中N原子的價(jià)層孤電子對(duì)占據(jù)(埴標(biāo)號(hào)).