高中英語(yǔ) 必修5 unit 2知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

PAGE4PAGE1必修五Unit2TheUnitedKingdom重點(diǎn)詞匯：unitev.聯(lián)合kingdomn.王國(guó)consistv.組成consistof由…組成provincen.省RiverAvon埃文河RiverThames泰晤士河RiverSevern塞文河divide…into把…分成Wales威爾士Scotland蘇格蘭NorthernIreland北愛爾蘭clarifyv.澄清accomplishv.完成conflictn.矛盾unwillingadj.不愿意（的）breakaway(from)掙脫（束縛）unionn.聯(lián)合theUnionJack英國(guó)國(guó)旗creditn.信任toone'scredit為……帶來(lái)榮譽(yù)currencyn.貨幣institutionn.制度educationadj.教育的conveniencen.便利roughadj.粗糙的roughlyadv.粗略地nationwideadj.全國(guó)性的attractv.吸引historicaladj.歷史（上）的architecturen.建筑學(xué)Romann.（古）羅馬collectionn.收藏品administrationn.管理portn.港口Anglo-Saxonn.盎格魯-撒克遜人Normann.諾曼人Vikingn.北歐海盜countrysiden.鄉(xiāng)下enjoyableadj.令人愉快的leaveout省去opportunityn.機(jī)會(huì)descriptionn.描寫furnishedadj.配備好裝備的faxn.傳真（機(jī)）possibilityn.可能性plusprep.加上quarreln.爭(zhēng)吵alikeadj.相同的taketheplaceof代替breakdown損壞arrange籌備weddingn.婚禮foldv.對(duì)折sightseeingn.觀光delightn.快樂royaladj.王室的uniformn.制服StPaul'sCathedral圣保羅大教堂splendidadj.壯麗的WestminsterAbbey威斯敏斯特教堂statuen.雕像BuckinghamPalace白金漢宮Greenwich格林尼治longituden.經(jīng)線imaginaryadj.想象中的navigationn.導(dǎo)航HighgateCemetery海格特墓地communismn.共產(chǎn)主義originaladj.最初的thrillv.使激動(dòng)potn.罐errorn.錯(cuò)誤tensen.時(shí)態(tài)consistentadj.一致的重點(diǎn)詞組：keepyoureyesopen睜大你的眼睛consistof由…組成leaveout省去不考慮遺漏divideinto分成compareAwithB與…比compareAtoB把A比作Bprepareto準(zhǔn)備workout做出解決設(shè)計(jì)出計(jì)算出鍛煉開采完發(fā)展進(jìn)行workon對(duì)..起作用；企圖影響或說(shuō)服，忙于workin在…工作workoff漸漸消除處理排除賣掉發(fā)泄askedthebossonthephone通過(guò)電話afurnishedhousewithallmodernconveniences一個(gè)帶家具的房子有所有的現(xiàn)代方便的設(shè)施familiarwith熟悉worriedaboutthetimeavailable擔(dān)心時(shí)間不夠makealistof列出關(guān)于…的清單onspecialoccasions在特殊的場(chǎng)合thefour-hundred-year-olduniform有四百年歷史的制服定語(yǔ)不加“s”settheworldtime設(shè)置世界時(shí)間oneithersideoftheline在線的兩端fallasleep入睡withdelight十分喜悅的重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法：過(guò)去分詞授課內(nèi)容：一、句型集錦1.Whyareyouunwillingtoacceptthiswonderfulopportunity?Opportunity時(shí)機(jī)，機(jī)會(huì)搭配：Opportunityfor/of…Todo…..做…的時(shí)機(jī)Catch/seize/takeanopportunity抓住機(jī)會(huì)Give/offeranopportunity提供機(jī)會(huì)Lose/missanopportunity錯(cuò)失機(jī)會(huì)Giveupanopportunity放棄機(jī)會(huì)Eg.You’llhavetheopportunitytoaskanyquestionsattheend.Therewasnoopportunityforfurtherdiscussion.Chance與opportunity辨析Chance（機(jī)會(huì)）強(qiáng)調(diào)其偶然性，含有僥幸的意味。Opportunity帶有恰逢其時(shí)，正好便利行事的意味，有期待的含義。Eg.Itwouldbefoolishtoletsuchanopportunityslip;itisthechanceofalifetime.2.YouwillliveinatownclosetothecountrysideinEnglandinafurnishedhousewithallmodernconveniences.Furnished配備好裝備的，帶家具的Furnish1)(在房屋等內(nèi))布置家具Eg.Thehousewassimplyfurnished.2)向（某人/某事物）供應(yīng)，提供furnishAwithB將B提供給A/用B裝備AEg.Shefurnishedhimwiththefactssurroundingthecase.辨析furnish,equipe與supplyFurnishfurnishAwithB與befurnishedwith指供給生活所必備的或?yàn)樯钍孢m所需的家具Eg.I’llfurnishmyhousewithfurniture.我要為我的房子置辦家具。equipequipAwithB常表示“裝備”工作所需要的東西eg.Theroomisequippedwiththeairconditioning.Supplysupplysb.withsth=supplysthtosb.可用于指在任何環(huán)境下“供給”任何東西Eg.Themerchantsuppliesgoodstothem.單詞積累Furniture家具furnishings家具，室內(nèi)陳設(shè)3.YourtaskwillbetoexaminethepossibilityofconstructinganewfactoryintheUnitedKingdom.Be+todo結(jié)構(gòu)的用法（1）betodo結(jié)構(gòu)中，不定式作表語(yǔ)，表示主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)在概念上是等同的。如：Theproblemistofindasolution.Hisplanistocleantheroom.Mywishistobeateacher.(2)betodo1)堅(jiān)決命令Nooneistoenterthisbuildingwithoutthepermissionofthesecurityguard.2)“計(jì)劃，安排”(意思接近于begoingto)Bettyistogetmarriednextmonth.3)不可避免，注定Youaretoanswerforwhatyouhavedone.4)意圖，打算，決心Ifallofusaretoremainfriendly,wemustbesincerewithoneanother.5)“義務(wù)，應(yīng)該”（意思接近于should,oughtto）Youhavedonesowell.Youaretoberewarded.6)用于“if…weretodo”，表示虛擬假設(shè)IfIweretodoit,Iwoulddoitwell.Possibility搭配(a)possibilityofdoingsth做某事的可能性(a)possibilitythat…..的可能性Eg.IsthereanypossibilityofyourgettingtoLondonthisweek?Thereisapossibilitythathewillwin.單詞積累Possible可能的，possibly可能地辨析probable,likely與possibleProbable十有八九的可能性Likely十有五六的可能性Possible十有一二的可能性Isthereanypossibility______youcouldpickmeupattheairport?(2009浙江高考)Noproblem.A.whenB.thatC.whetherD.what4.Allofthewordsbelowcantaketheplaceof…Taketheplaceof=takeone’splace代替“代替”的種種表達(dá)法：taketheplaceof,takeone’splace,replacein,inplaceof,insteadof拓展Inplace在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢茫m當(dāng)?shù)腎nplaceof代替Insb’splace處于某人的位置Outofplace不適當(dāng)?shù)?，離開原來(lái)的地方Takeplace發(fā)生，舉行Inthefirstplace首先，第一Thechairmanisillinhospitalnow,sowehavenoideawhowill______inthecomingconference.A.takehisplaceB.takeplaceC.takeplaceofhimD.taketheplaceof5.“Pleasedon’thurtmycat,”beggedSarahasherbrotherpickeditupbyoneleg.Pickup1)撿起，拾起，收拾，整理Shepickedupastoreandthrewitatthewindow.Pleasepickupallyourtoyswhenyou’vefinishedplaying.2)取物，接人Pickmeupatthehotel.3)收聽到Wepickedupradiosignalsforhelpfromthedamagedplane.4)獲得，得到，買到，學(xué)會(huì)Here’satipIpickedupfrommybrother.5)（使）重新開始Wepickedtheconversationafteraninterruption.6)改善，好轉(zhuǎn)，增強(qiáng)Tradeusuallypicksupinspring.拓展Pickout選出，選擇，辨別出，pickandchoose挑三揀四pickoff去除，取走Pickupon意識(shí)到，pickone’sway慢而小心地走Eg.Sam________someknowledgeofthecomputerjustbywatchingothersworkingonit.(2010山東高考)A.broughtupB.lookedupC.pickedupD.setup6.Onmywaytothestationmycarbrokedown.Brokedown1)（機(jī)器等）損壞，壞掉，出故障Eg.Thecarbrokedownonthefreeway.2)(關(guān)系等)破裂，失敗Eg.Negotiationsbetweenthetwosideshavebrokendown,3)使分解Sugarandstarcharebrokendowninthestomach.4)（身體）垮掉，（精神）崩潰Herhealthbrokedownunderthepressureofwork.拓展breakin闖入；打岔breakoff中斷，折斷breakinto闖入breakout爆發(fā);發(fā)生breakup驅(qū)散；分散，拆散(2009四川高考)—HowaboutyourjourneytoMountErmei?Everythingwaswonderfulexceptthatoutcar_______twiceontheway.A.sloweddownB.brokedownC.gotdownD.putdownHetriedtodealwiththeincreasingburdenofhiswork,buthefinally____andhadtotakeacompleterest.A.brokeoffB.brokeawayC.brokeoutD.brokedown7.Althoughthebuildingshadexpandedaroundit,itremainedpartofaroyalpalaceandprisoncombined.Expand擴(kuò)大Expand…into….使….變大/擴(kuò)展Theshipbuildingindustryisrapidlyexpanding.Expand常與on連用，意為“詳述”單詞積累Expansen.廣袤，廣闊的區(qū)域Expansionn.擴(kuò)展，擴(kuò)大，展開Expansiveadj.擴(kuò)展性的，廣大的，遼闊的Expansively擴(kuò)張性地，廣大地遼闊地二、知識(shí)要點(diǎn)概括1.consistof＝bemadeupof由……組成(沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)）e.g.TheUKconsistsofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.＝GreatBritainandNorthernIrelandmakeuptheUK.Consistin在于，存在于Consistwith與…一致Consistently一致地，連貫地Consistency一致性，連貫性2.區(qū)別:separate...from(把聯(lián)合在一起或靠近的人或物分離出來(lái)）o把…分開（把整體分為若干部分）e.g.Theteacherdividedtheclassintotwogroups.TheTaiwanStraitseparatesTaiwanfromFujian.3.debateaboutsth.e.g.Theydebateabouttheproposalforthreedays.debate/argue/quarrel4.clarify:vt./vi.(causesth.to)becomeclearoreasiertounderstand澄清；闡明;清楚；明了e.g.IhopewhatIsaywillclarifythesituation.Canyouclarifythequestion?5.belinkedto=beconnectedto/bejoinedto連接【習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)】★linkAtoB將A和B連接起來(lái)6.referto1)提及，指的是……e.g.Whenhesaid“somestudents”,doyouthinkhewasreferringtous?2)參考；查閱；詢問e.g.Ifyoudon'tunderstandawordyoumayrefertoyourdictionaries.Pleaserefertothelastpageofthebookforanswers.3)關(guān)系到；關(guān)乎e.g.WhatIhavetosayreferstoallofyou.Thisrulereferstoeveryone.reference:n.參考e.g.referencebooks參考書7.toone'ssurprise(prep)“toone's+名詞”表“令某人……”常見的名詞有“delight,disappointment,enjoyment,astonishment等e.g.Idiscovered,tomyhorror,thatthegoodswereentirelyunfitforsale.ToJohn'sgreatrelieftheyreachedthehouseatlast.8....foundthemselvesunitedpeacefully“find+賓語(yǔ)＋賓補(bǔ)(adj;adv;v-ing;pp;介詞短語(yǔ)；不定式）”e.g.Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfoundsmokinginthekitchen.You'llfindhimeasytogetalongwith.Theyfoundthemselvestrappedbythebushfire.WhenIwokeup,Ifoundmyselfinhospital.Icalledonhimyesterday,butIfoundhimout.9.getsthdone=havesthdone使某事被做…….e.g.I'lljustgetthesedisheswashedandthenI'llcome.get+n.+todoget+n.+doingYou'llgethertoagree.I'llgetthecargoing.getdone:用于意想不到、突然或偶然發(fā)生，意為“被…….”e.g.Becarefulwhenyoucrossthisverybusystreet.10.breakaway(fromsb/sth)脫離；破除…e.g.Itisnoteasyforhimtobreakawayfrombadhabits.Themanbrokeawayfromhisguards.11.aswellas不僅…而且；既…又…e.g.Heisateacheraswellasawriter.Thechildrenaswellastheirfatherwereseenplayingfootballinthestreet.12.convenience:n.方便；便利（convenient:adj.）e.g.Weboughtthishouseforitsconvenience.13.attraction:（attract:v.）1).吸引；引力(不可數(shù)n.)e.g.attractionofgravitation重力2).吸引人的東西；喜聞樂見的東西；精彩節(jié)目(可數(shù)n.)Hecan'tresisttheattractionoftheseaonahotday.Abigcityoffersmanyandvariedattractions.Whataretheprincipleattractionsthisevening?14.influence1)v.對(duì)…產(chǎn)生影響e.g.Whatinfluenceyoutochooseacareerinteaching?2)可數(shù)n.產(chǎn)生影響的人或事e.g.Heisoneofthegoodinfluencesintheschool.3)(不可數(shù)n.)影響e.g.Ateacherhasgreatinfluenceoverhispupils.15.inmemoryof為紀(jì)念Tothememoryof….為了紀(jì)念….Inhonorof為向…表示敬意Inadvanceof在…前面Inbehalfof為了…的利益Inexplanationof解釋Inpossessionof擁有Insightof看得見Insupportof為了支持Indefenceof保衛(wèi)Inpraiseof稱贊16.辨析error,mistake,oversightError主要指在技術(shù)、道德、判斷等方面的“錯(cuò)誤”，往往會(huì)引起一定的不良后果或問題。Mistake主要指在語(yǔ)言、行為等方面的“失誤”，程度比“error”輕。Oversight指由于不小心而導(dǎo)致的“疏忽”或“失職”等三、語(yǔ)法總結(jié)：過(guò)去分詞過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)表明賓語(yǔ)是過(guò)去分詞所表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象，過(guò)去分詞與賓語(yǔ)之間有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。在高中階段過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的情況通常有以下幾種：過(guò)去分詞用在表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞keep,leave等的后面Theykeepthedoorlockedforalongtime.Don’tleavethewindowsbrokenlikethisallthetime.“have/get+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞”可以表示兩種含義：讓別人做某事；遭遇某種不幸Ihavehadmybikerepaired.Thevillagershadmanytreesplantedjustthen.I’llnevergetallthisworkfinished.Ihadmywalletstolenonabuslastmonth.

Theoldmanhadhislegbrokenintheaccident.

Hehadhislegbrokeninthematchyesterday.(MET1986)在“make+賓語(yǔ)+過(guò)去分詞”這種結(jié)構(gòu)中，過(guò)去分詞表示結(jié)果Iraisedmyvoicetomakemyselfheard.TheymanagedtomakethemselvesunderstoodusingverysimpleEnglish.過(guò)去分詞常用在感官動(dòng)詞watch,see,hear,listento,notice,feel等的后面Whenwegottoschool,wesawthedoorlocked.Wecanhearthewindowsbeatenbytheheavyraindrops.過(guò)去分詞用在want,wish,like,order等表示“希望，愿望，命令”類動(dòng)詞的后面作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)Theteacherwouldn’tliketheproblemdiscussedatthemoment.Iwantthesuitmadetohisownmeasure.6.過(guò)去分詞用在“with+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”這一結(jié)構(gòu)中，過(guò)去分詞與賓語(yǔ)之間是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系Thethiefwasbroughtinwithhishandstiedbehindhisback.Withmanybrightly-coloredflowersplantedaroundthebuilding,hishouselookslikeabeautifulgarden.Eg.IheardthemsingingintheroomwhenIpassed.Theteacherexplainedtheproblemseveraltimesbutstillcouldn’tmakehimselfunderstood.Hewaswatchedtoputonhiscoat.過(guò)去分詞練習(xí)1.Alexandertriedtogethiswork_______inthemedicalcircles.(2010.遼寧高考)A.torecognizeB.recognizingC.recognizeD.recognized2.Agoodstorydoesnotnecessarilyhavetohaveahappyending,butthereadermustnotbeleft______.A.unsatisfiedB.unsatisfyingC.tobeunsatisfyingD.beingunsatisfied3.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee______thenextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout4.Helenhadtoshout_______abovethesoundofthemusic.A.makingherselfhearB.tomakeherselfhearC.makingherselfheardD.tomakeherselfheard5.Mr.Smithwasverydisappointedtoseethecarhehadhad________wentwrongagain.A.toberepairedB.repairedC.itrepairedD.it6.Withalotofdifficultproblems________,thenewly-electedpresidentishavingahardtime.A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettle7.Tomrushedoutinahurry,_______thedoor______.A.leaving;unlockedB.leaving;unlockingC.left;unlockedD.toleave;unlocking8.The______professorfoundthematter_______.A.surprising;surprisedB.surprising;surprisingC.surprised;surprisedD.surprised;surprising9.Whenhiswifereturned,thehusbandnoticedherhair_______short.A.cuttingB.tobecutC.beingcutD.cut10.Ihavehadmybike______,andI’mgoingtohavesomebody______myradiotomorrow.A.repair;torepairB.repairing;toberepairedC.repaired;repairD.torepair;repairing11.Theresultoftheentranceexamwasnotmake______tothepublicuntillastSunday.A.knowingB.knownC.knewD.tobeknown12.TolearnEnglishwell,weshouldfindopportunitiestohearEnglish_____asmuchaswecan.A.speakB.speakingC.spokenD.tospeak注意：現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞、不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的區(qū)別：分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，要看賓語(yǔ)與作賓補(bǔ)的詞所表示的動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。如果它們之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，則用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)；如果是被動(dòng)關(guān)系則用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)。表示感覺的動(dòng)詞hear,see,watch,notice,observe,feel等和使役動(dòng)詞have,make等既可接分詞也可接不定式。這些動(dòng)詞接現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，接過(guò)去分詞表示被動(dòng)、完成的動(dòng)作，而接不定式做賓補(bǔ)則表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生了，指事情的全過(guò)程。專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練1：

1.___pooratEnglish,I'mafraidIcan'tmakemyself___.

A.Tobe;understandB.I'm;tounderstandC.Being;understandingD.Being;understood

2.Ihavehadmybike___,andI'mgoingtohavesomebody___myradiotomorrow.

A.repair;torepairB.repairing;toberepairedC.repaired;repairD.torepair;repairing

3.Youmustgetthework___beforeFriday.

A.doB.todoC.doingD.done

4.___theroom,thenursefoundthetape-recorder___.

A.Entering;stealingB.Entering;goneC.Tohaveentered;beingstolenD.Havingentered;tobestolen

5.Wearepleasedtoseetheproblem___soquickly.

A.settledB.havingbeensettledC.besettledD.settling

6.Mrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad____wentwrongagain.(上海1999）

A.itB.itrepairedC.repairedD.toberepaired

7.Itiswisetohavesomemoney___foroldage.(NMET1996)

A.putawayB.keepupC.giveawayD.laidup(putaway放好,儲(chǔ)存...備用,處理掉,放棄,拋棄)

8.Idon'twantthechildren___outinsuchweather.

A.takeB.totakeC.takenD.taking

9.I'mafraidthatIcan'tmakemyself___becauseofmypoorEnglish.

A.understandB.understandingC.tounderstandD.understood

10.Themurdererwasbroughtin,withhishands___behindhisback.

A.beingtiedB.havingtiedC.tobetiedD.tied(表動(dòng)作完成）專項(xiàng)訓(xùn)練2：

1.Wefoundhergreatly___.

A.improvingB.changedC.tohelpD.havingdisturbed

2.Janegotherbadtooth___atthedentist's.

A.toputinB.pulledoutC.pushedoutD.drawingout

3.When____,themuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.(上海2002)

A.completedB.completingC.beingcompletedD.tobecompleted

4.Withalotofdifficulties___,theywenttotheseashoreandhadagoodrest.

A.settledB.settlingC.tosettleD.beingsettled

5.Theresearchissodesignedthatonce___nothingcanbedonetochangeit.(NMET2002)

A.beginsB.havingbegunC.beginningD.begun(oncebegun在句中作狀語(yǔ)，begin為及物動(dòng)詞:“著手”）

6.___,theywenthome,___.

A.Theirworkhadbeenfinished;singingandlaughing

B.Theyhadfinishedtheirwork;sangandlaughed

C.Theirworkfinished;singingandlaughing

D.aftertheirworkfinished;singingandlaughing

7.BeforehecametoLondon,hehadneverheardasingleEnglishword___

A.speakingB.spe