歷年考研英語真題與答案

PAGE5-全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試英語試題SectionI:StructureandVocabularyIneachquestion,decidewhichofthefourchoicesgivenwillmostsuitablycompletethesentenceifinsertedattheplacemarked.PutyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.(15points)EXAMPLE:Iwascaught________therainyesterday.[A]in[B]by[C]with[D]atANSWER:[A]l. Thosetwofamilieshavebeenquarrelling________eachotherformanyyears.[A]to[B]between[C]against[D]with2. Therearemanythingswhosemisuseisdangerous,buritishardtothinkofanythingthatcanbecompared________tobaccoproducts.[A]in[B]with[C]among[D]by3. “Howoftenhaveyouseencaseslikethis?”onesurgeonaskedanother.“Oh,________times,Iguess,”wasthereply.[A]hundredof[B]hundreds[C]hundredsof[D]hundred4. Givemeyourtelephonenumber________Ineedyourhelp.[A]whether[B]unless[C]sothat[D]incase5. Yousangwelllastnight.Wehopeyou’llsing________.[A]morebetter[B]stillbetter[C]nicely[D]best6. Thosepeople________ageneralunderstandingofthepresentsituation.[A]lackof[B]arelackingof[C]lack[D]areinlack7. Aloneinadeserthouse,hewassobusywithhisresearchworkthathefelt________lonely.[A]nothingbut[B]anythingbut[C]allbut[D]everythingbut8. Grace________tearswhensheheardthesadnews.[A]brokein[B]brokeinto[C]brokeoff[D]brokethrough9. Sherefusedto________thecarkeystoherhusbanduntilhehadpromisedtowearhissafetybelt.[A]handin[B]handout[C]handdown[D]down10. MichaelfounditdifficulttogethisBritishjokes________toAmericanaudiences.[A]around[B]over[C]across[D]down11. Thebookcontainedalarge________ofinformation.[A]deal[B]amount[C]number[D]sum12. Nowadaysadvertisingcostsarenolongerinreasonable________tothetotalcostoftheproduct.[A]proportion[B]correlation[C]connection[D]correspondence13. Whenshesawthecloudsshewentbacktothehouseto________herumbrella.[A]carry[B]fetch[C]bring[D]reach14. Wemust________thattheexperimentiscontrolledasrigidlyaspossible.[A]assure[B]secure[C]ensure[D]issue15. Hewasknockeddownbyacarandbadly________.[A]injured[B]damaged[C]harmed[D]ruinedAtwork,robotswilltake__32__mostjobsinthemanufacturingindustries.Workinghourswillfalltounder30hoursaweek.Holidayswillgetlonger;sixweekswillbethenormalannualholiday.Menandwomenwillretireatthesameage.Ourleisurewillbedifferenttoo.Thehomewillbecomethecenterofentertainmentthroughtelevisionandelectronicgames.Morepeoplewilleatoutinrestaurants__33__theydotoday;alsotheywillhaveamuchwidervarietyoffoodavailable.Therewillbeachangeoftastetowardsamoresavoury-flavoredmenu.Newsyntheticfoodswillforma__34__partofpeople’sdiets.Foreigntravelwill__35__;winterholidayswillbecomemorepopularthansummerones.Alsonon-stopflightsfromBritaintoAustraliaandNewZealandwillbeeasilyavailableandmuchcheaper.Educationwillbecomeincreasinglymoreimportantthaneverbefore.26. [A]in[B]of[C]about[D]for27. [A]sense[B]meaning[C]detail[D]implication28. [A]for[B]of[C]on[D]towards29. [A]today[B]nowadays[C]present-day[D]present30. [A]near[B]nearby[C]nearly[D]nearer31. [A]noise[B]sound[C]tone[D]tune32. [A]to[B]away[C]off[D]over33. [A]than[B]as[C]when[D]while34. [A]usual[B]popular[C]daily[D]regular35. [A]add[B]increase[C]raise[D]ariseSectionIV:Error-detectionandCorrectionEachofthefollowingsentenceshasfourunderlinedparts.Thesepartsarelabeled[A],[B],[C],and[D].IdentifythepartofsentencethatisincorrectandputyourchoiceintheANSWERSHEET.Then,withoutalteringthemeaningofthesentence,writedownyourcorrectiononthelineintheANSWERSHEET.(10points)EXAMPLE:Youhavetohurryupifyouwanttobuysomethingbecause[A]there’s[B]hardlysomething[C]left.[D]ANSWER:[C]anything36. Alicewashaving[A]troubletocontrol[B]thechildrenbecausetherewere[C]somany[D]ofthem.37. Wewereverymuchsurprised[A]thatthe[B]villagewassuch[C]longwayfrom[D]theroad.38. John’schanceofbeingelected[A]chairman[B]ofthecommitteeisfar[C]greaterthanDick[D].39. “Wehavewon[A]a[B]greatvictoryon[C]ourenemy[D],”thecaptainsaid.40. Therearemanyvaluableservices[A]whichthepublicarewillingtopayfor[B],butwhichdoesnotbring[C]areturninmoney[D]tothecommunity.41. ThelawIamreferring[A]requirethateveryone[B]whoowns[C]acarhave[D]accidentinsurance.42. “Iconsideredit[A]ahonor[B]tobeinvitedtoaddress[C]themeetingofworld-famous[D]scientists,”saidProfessorLeacock.43. Hewasseeing[A]somebodycreeping[B]intothehousethrough[C]theopen[D]windowlastnight.44. Thereasonfor[A]allthe[B]changesbeingmade[C]hasnotexplained[D]tousyet.45. Eventhough[A]thechildrenpretendedasleep[B],thenurseswerenotdeceived[C]when[D]theycameintotheroom.SectionV:VerbFormsFillintheblankswiththeappropriateformsoftheverbsgiveninthebrackets.PutyouranswersintheANSWERSHEET.(10points)EXAMPLE:Itishighlydesirablethatanewpresident________(appointed)forthiscollege.ANSWER:(should)beappointed46. Buyingclothes________(be)verytime-consumingasyourarelyfindthingsthatfityounicely.47. Theykeeptellingusitisofutmostimportancethatourrepresentative________(send)totheconferenceonschedule.48. Imustcallyourattentiontothedirections.Readthemcarefullyandactas________(instruct).49. Emmasaidinherletterthatshewouldappreciate________(hear)fromyousoon.50. I________(call)tomakeanairlinereservation,butIdidn’t.51. IfGreghadtriedhardertoreachtheoppositeshore,we________(nothave)topickhimupintheboat.52. Aftertwentyyearsabroad,Williamcamebackonly________(find)hishometownseverelydamagedinanearthquake.53. Thelecture________(begin),helefthisseatsoquietlythatnoonecomplainedthathisleavingdisturbedthespeaker.54. Thechildrenweresurprisedwhentheteacherhadthem________(close)theirbooksunexpectedly.55. Anewroadwillbebuilthere,andthereforeanumberofexistinghouses________(havetodestroy).SectionVI:Chinese-EnglishTranslationTranslatethefollowingintoEnglish(15points)56. 你應(yīng)該仔細核對全部資料，以避免嚴重錯誤。57. 盡管這個實驗復(fù)雜，他們決心按時把它完成。58. 一切跡象表明這個人對這里發(fā)生的情況毫無所知。59. 只有那些不怕困難的人，才有可能在工作中取得卓越的成果。60. 這篇作品與其說是短篇小說，不如說更像是新聞報導(dǎo)。SectionVII:English-ChineseTranslationTranslatethefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatethesentencesunderlinedintoChinese.(20points)Peoplehavewonderedforalongtimehowtheirpersonalitiesandbehaviorsareformed.Itisnoteasytoexplainwhyonepersonisintelligentandanotherisnot,orwhyoneiscooperativeandanotheriscompetitive.Socialscientistsare,ofcourse,extremelyinterestedinthesetypesofquestions.(61)Theywanttoexplainwhywepossesscertaincharacteristicsandexhibitcertainbehaviors.Therearenoclearanswersyet,buttwodistinctschoolsofthoughtonthematterhavedeveloped.Asonemightexpect,thetwoapproachesareverydifferentfromeachother.Thecontroversyisoftenconvenientlyreferredtoas“naturevs.nurture.”(62)Thosewhosupportthe“nature”sideoftheconflictbelievethatourpersonalitiesandbehaviorpatternsarelargelydeterminedbybiologicalfactors.(63)Thatourenvironmenthaslittle,ifanything,todowithourabilities,characteristicsandbehavioriscentraltothistheory.Takentoanextreme,thistheorymaintainsthatourbehaviorispre-determinedtosuchagreatdegreethatwearealmostcompletelygovernedbyourinstincts.Thosewhosupportthe“nurture”theory,thatis,theyadvocateeducation,areoftencalledbehaviorists.Theyclaimthatourenvironmentismoreimportantthanourbiologicallybasedinstinctsindetermininghowwewillact.Abehaviorist,B.F.Skinner,seeshumansasbeingswhosebehaviorisalmostcompletelyshapedbytheirsurroundings.(64)Thebehavioristsmaintainthat,likemachines,humansrespondtoenvironmentalstimuliasthebasisoftheirbehavior.Letusexaminethedifferentexplanationsaboutonehumancharacteristic,intelligence,offeredbythetwotheories.(65)Supportersofthe“nature”theoryinsistthatwearebornwithacertaincapacityforlearningthatisbiologicallydetermined.Needlesstosay:Theydon’tbelievethatfactorsintheenvironmenthavemuchinfluenceonwhatisbasicallyapredeterminedcharacteristic.Ontheotherhand,behavioristsarguethatourintelligencelevelsaretheproductofourexperiences.(66)Behavioristssuggestthatthechildwhoisraisedinanenvironmentwheretherearemanystimuliwhichdevelophisorhercapacityforappropriateresponseswillexperiencegreaterintellectualdevelopment.Thesocialandpoliticalimplicationsofthesetwotheoriesareprofound.(67)IntheUnitedStates,blacksoftenscorebelowwhitesonstandardizedintelligencetests.Thisleadssome“nature”proponentstoconcludethatblacksarebiologicallyinferiortowhites.(68)Behaviorists,incontrast,saythatdifferencesinscoresareduetothefactthatblacksareoftendeprivedofmanyoftheeducationalandotherenvironmentaladvantagesthatwhitesenjoy.Mostpeoplethinkneitherofthesetheoriescanyetfullyexplainhumanbehavior.1990年標準答案SectionI:StructureandVocabulary(15points)1. [D] 2. [B] 3. [C] 4. [D] 5. [B]6. [C] 7. [B] 8. [B] 9. [D] 10. [C]11. [B] 12. [A] 13. [B] 14. [C] 15. [A]SectionII:ReadingComprehension(20points)16. [D] 17. [B] 18. [C] 19. [C] 20. [B]21. [D] 22. [B] 23. [B] 24. [A] 25. [C]SectionIII:ClozeTest(10points)26. [C] 27. [A] 28. [A] 29. [C] 30. [B]31. [B] 32. [D] 33. [A] 34. [D] 35. [B]SectionIV:Error-detectionandCorrection(10points)36. [B]controlling 37. [C]sucha38. [D]Dick’s 39. [C]over40. [C]donotbring41. [A]referringto42. [B]anhonor 43. [A]saw44. [D]hasnotbeenexplained 45. [B]tobeasleepSectionV:VerbForms(10points)4