Unit4定語從句課件高中英語人教版

定語從句定語用來用來限定、修飾、說明名詞或代詞的品質(zhì)與特征的。劃分定語Thereissomeexcitingnewsintoday’snewspaper.ItthereanydifferencebetweenspokenEnglishandwrittenEnglish.Therearethirtywomenteachersinourschool.在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)定語，修飾名詞或代詞（即先行詞）的句子叫定語從句。通常位于先行詞后，在漢語中一般理解為“……的”引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫做關(guān)系詞定語從句沉分類默1.限制性定語從句：是對(duì)先行詞起修飾限制作用。譯為“…的”2.非限制性定語從句：是對(duì)先行詞起補(bǔ)充說明做作用的。往往用逗號(hào)與主句隔開。分類連接主句和從句指代先行詞在從句中充當(dāng)句子成分ThebookwhichIamreadingiswrittenbyLuxun.關(guān)系詞的作用關(guān)系詞：關(guān)系代詞&關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系代詞：who,whom,

which,that,whose,as關(guān)系副詞：when,where,why如何選擇關(guān)系詞1.判斷先行詞是人還是物2.看先行詞在從句中做什么成分How?

不是任何兩個(gè)句子都可以合并為定語從句的。只有兩句中含有相同或相關(guān)的詞時(shí)，才可有可能合并為定語從句。步驟：1.找出兩句中的相同或相關(guān)詞。2.確定主從句的關(guān)系。3.主句中的相同或相關(guān)詞為先行詞，把從句中的相同或相關(guān)詞替換為關(guān)系詞，放于先行詞后。

TheboyisJohn.Theboyissmiling.

Theboywhoissmiling

isJohn.(主語)

TheboyisJohn.Theboyhasabookinhishand.Theboywhohasabookinhishand

isJohn.先行詞關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句Activity2Lucyismyfriendwho/thathasahearingproblem.SoIlearntanewlanguagewhich/thatallowsmeto“speak”withmyhands.3Lucyisasmartgirlwhoseideasare alwaysinspiring.4Isometimeshaveproblems(that/ which)Ican’tsolve.5Lucyisagoodlistener(whom/ who/that)Ienjoysharingmoments ofmylifewith.關(guān)系代詞在從句中做主語、賓語或定語1)Theboy______________visitedourschoolyesterdayisJack.2)Theboy__________________wesawyesterdayisJack.3)Heisthe

boy____________wenttoschoolwithme.4)Theperson_________________Italkedwithisourteacher.who/that(who/whom/that)who/that(who/whom/that)

who/that指人,

在從句中作主語

who/whom/that指人,在從句中作賓語(可省略)1)Lookatthetrees__________wereplanted

lastyear.2)Themachine______________heisoperatingismadeinAmerica.which/that(which/that)

which/that指物，在從句中作主語或賓語(作賓語可省略)1)Harryisthe

boy

motherisourMathsteacher.2)Lookatthetree

leavesareblack.3)Hehelpedtheman_______carhadbroken.4)Helivesinahouse________windowsopensouth.whosewhosewhosewhose

whose:指人或物，在從句中作定語,表示所屬關(guān)系，譯為“…的”Thehouseismine.Thewindowofthehouseisbroken.1)Thehousewhosewindowisbrokenismine.whose=thehouse’swindow2)Thehousethewindowofwhichisbrokenismine3)Thehouseofwhichthewindowisbrokenismine關(guān)系代詞常用that不用which的情況

1.先行詞為everything,anything,nothing,little,much,all,few,none等不定代詞或者被其修飾。All(that)youhavedoneishelpfultous.2.先行詞前有形容詞最高級(jí)、序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)

Thatisthefirstfilmthatwasdirectedbyhim.3.先行詞被theonly,thevery,thelast修飾時(shí)。

HeistheonlypersonthatIwanttoseenow.4.先行詞同時(shí)指人和指物時(shí)。Wetalkedaboutthethingsandpersonsthatwesawthen.5.who,which引導(dǎo)的句子中避免混淆時(shí)

Whoisthemanthatisstandingoverthere?不用that，用which的情況

引導(dǎo)詞前有介詞時(shí)。介詞后b.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時(shí)。逗號(hào)后Iwillneverforgetthedayon_____Istayedwiththefarmers.Shanghai,_____isdevelopingveryfast,isfamousintheworld..

whichwhichsummary關(guān)系代詞指代成分that人/物主語/賓語which物主語/賓語who人主語/賓語whom人賓語whose人/物定語注意事項(xiàng)一.關(guān)系代詞作賓語通常省去。Theday(that)wewerelookingforwardtocamefinally.Thehouse(that)hehadhadhadbeentakenawayfromhimbythetimeheretunedtohiscountry.Hedideverything(that)hecould(do)tohelptheorphan.注意下列兩種情況不可省去。

1.非限制性定語從句中試比較Thisisthecity(which/that)IvisitedfiveyearsagoThisisthecity,whichIvisitedfiveyearsago.

2.介詞前置時(shí)試比較:Thisisabook(that/which)wecanlearnalotfrom.Thisisabookfromwhichwecanlearnalot.prep+whom/which若引導(dǎo)詞作介詞的賓語，介詞可以提前構(gòu)成介詞+引導(dǎo)詞的形式介詞的選擇主要取決于（1）先行詞的需要（2）從句謂語的需要Isthisthelibrary_____youborrowbooksfrom?Isthisthelibrary__________youborrowbooks?Theman(whom)InoddedtoisMr.Li.Theman________InoddedisMr.Li.whichfromwhichtowhom介詞+關(guān)系代詞用介詞+which1.

Doyoulikethebook

shespent$10?2.

Doyoulikethebook

shepaid$10?3.

Doyoulikethebook

shelearnedalot?4.

Doyoulikethebook

sheoftentalks?onwhichforwhichfromwhichaboutwhich5.Thereisatalltreeoutside,___________standsourteacher.6.

Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest_______istheYellowRiver.

7.Theman________Ispokeonthephonelastnightisverygoodatwrestling8.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,most________hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.underwhichofwhichtowhomofwhichTherearetwoboysinPeters，bothof____arewhite．

TherearetwoboysinPeter’s,andbothof______arewhite．

TherearetwoboysinPeter’s;bothof______arewhite．易混淆句型whomthemthem關(guān)系副詞-從句中做狀語關(guān)系副詞的用法關(guān)系副詞指代在從句中的作用when

wherewhy

時(shí)間時(shí)間狀語地點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語原因原因狀語關(guān)系副詞when,where,why和介詞+which之間的關(guān)系關(guān)系副詞when,where,why可以用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~+which來替代。when=in/on/at/during…+which,where=in/on/at…+which,why=forwhich

Iwillneverforgettheday.Wewenttothefactoryonthatday.Iwillneverforgetthedayonwhich

wewenttothefactory.Iwillneverforgetthedaywhen

wewenttothefactory.Doyouknowthefactory?Myfriendworkedinthefactoryfiveyearsago.Doyouknowthefactoryinwhich

myfriendworkedfiveyearsago?Doyouknowthefactorywhere

myfriendworkedfiveyearsago?Thisisthereason.Helefthomeforit.Thisisthereasonforwhich

helefthome.Thisisthereasonwhy

helefthome.Idon’tlikehisway.Heusuallytreatothersintheway.Idon’tlikehiswayinwhichheusuallytreatothers.Idon’tlikehiswaythat

heusuallytreatothers.Idon’tlikehisway*heusuallytreatothers.當(dāng)介詞+which引導(dǎo)定語從句時(shí)，有時(shí)可以用關(guān)系副詞when/where/why1.Thisistheroom____________Ivisitedyesterday.Thisistheroom_________________Ileftthebookyesterday.2.Iwillrememberthedays___________wespenttogether.Iwillrememberthedays______________westayedtogether.3.Thisisthereason____________Igavetotheteacher.Thisisthereason_______________Iwaslateyesterday.4.Ihaveagoodway_____________hetoldme.Ihaveagoodway______________wecansolvetheproblemquickly.

(which/that)where/inwhich(which/that)when/in

which(which/that)why/forwhich(which/that)inwhich/that/*我已經(jīng)到了無法容忍他的地步了。國(guó)家正處在隨時(shí)有可能爆發(fā)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的局勢(shì)中。

先行詞是抽象的地點(diǎn)，用關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)。如果定語從句分別修飾point,situation,stage,

condition,case,position等表示“情況，狀況，形勢(shì)”等抽象意義的詞，常用where引導(dǎo)，意思是“到了某種地步，在某種境況中”。代替一個(gè)句子(正如，正像…那樣）從句位置可置于主句之前或之后，有時(shí)也可作為插入語置于句中，一般用逗號(hào)和主句隔開。aswecansee,asismentionedabove,asisknowntoall,asweallknow等。Asiswellknown，greatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina.Greatchanges,asiswellknown,havetakenplaceinChina.

Hefailedintheexamagain,

aswasexpected(as在定語從句中作主語）

As下列固定結(jié)構(gòu)，如：1ashasbeensaidbefore如前所述2asoftenhappens正像經(jīng)常發(fā)生的那樣3asiswellknown=asisknowntoall眾所周知4aswehaveexpected正如我們預(yù)料的那樣5ashasbeenmentionedabove正如上面提到的6aswecansee正如大家看到的那樣引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，代替前面出現(xiàn)的句子。（語意上常表示這一點(diǎn)，這一方面或一定的因果關(guān)系）Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,which

wehadn’texpected.

Bambooishollow,whichmakesitverylight.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,whichwasmorethanwecouldexpect.

which和as(代替句子)的用法區(qū)別：（1）語意上的區(qū)別Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,_____

wehadn'texpected.

Theresultoftheexperimentwasverygood,___wehadexpected.whichas(2)形式上的區(qū)別：as的句子可以在不同的地方使用，而which的句子只能放在后面。Asiswellknown，greatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina.Greatchanges,asiswellknown,havetakenplaceinChina.GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina,asiswellknown.Theelephantislikeaspear,asanybodycansee.GreatprogresshavebeenmadeinChina,whichmakesusproud.as引導(dǎo)定語從句1.as作關(guān)系代詞，在從句中作主語、賓語、表語。(1）當(dāng)such或thesame修飾先行詞時(shí)，as不能省略

Suchbooksasyougavemeareinteresting.Heworethesameuniform___hisclassmateshave.Heworethesameuniform_____hisfriendlenthim.

(as表示同一類,that表示同一個(gè))

asthat當(dāng)先行詞與so連用時(shí),關(guān)系代詞用as.注意so/such…as與so/such…that的區(qū)別Itissobigastone/suchabigstone_____Ican’tmove.Itissobigastone/suchabigstone____Ican’tmoveit.Thisissuchadifficultproblem______Ican’tlift.Thisissuchadifficultproblem

______Ican’tliftit.asthatasthat

Heisoneofthestudentswho_______praised.Heistheoneofthestudentswho______praised.Heisoneoftheteacherswho_______playingbaseball.(like)Heistheonlyoneoftheteacherswho_______playingbaseball.(like)Johnisoneofthestudentswho_______