2024年中考英語專項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)：介詞 講義

介詞介詞的分類（根據(jù)詞義分類）表示地點(diǎn)、方位的介詞:above,below,behind,between,near,nextto,under...表示方式的介詞:by,in,with,through,like...表示時(shí)間的介詞:about,at,after,before,during,past,to,until,til,since,in...表示除外的介詞:apartfrom,but,besides,except,exceptfor...表示其他詞義的介詞：becauseof,for,asresultof,inplaceof,asfor,despite...介詞短語介詞的賓語：介詞不能獨(dú)立作句子成分，它必須跟有介詞的賓語。介詞與其賓語構(gòu)成介詞短語。Eg:Theywillleaveateight.Becauseofthestorm,wehadtostayatthehotel.Theyhadnothingtodobuttogiveuptheplan.HegavealessononhowtoimproveEnglish.介詞短語的句法作用介詞短語可在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語、狀語、補(bǔ)足語和同位語。Eg:Frommyhometomycompanyisonlytenminutes’walk.（作主語）Weplantospendbetweentwoandthreemonthsthisyearhavingatrip.（作賓語）Don’tstandunderatreeduringarainstorm.（作狀語）Heworkedasanengineer.（作補(bǔ)足語）Asastudent,youshouldstudyhard.（作同位語）Isthisskirtonsale?（作表語）介詞的用法表示地點(diǎn)、方位的介詞across和throughacross指從物體的表面穿過，越過；through指從物體的中間穿透，穿越Eg:Arabbitranthroughtheforest.Arabbitranacrossthegrassland.at和inover（正上方）at后接小地點(diǎn)（如：學(xué)校、圖書館、小村莊等）over（正上方）in后接大地點(diǎn)（如:城市，國家等）above（斜上方）Eg:Heusuallyarrivesatschoolfirst.above（斜上方）WearrivedinFrancelastnight.on（有接觸面）above，on，under，below，overon（有接觸面）Eg:Weareflyingabovetheclouds.Thereisaneraseronthedesk.under（正下方）below（斜下方）Acatisunderthebed.under（正下方）below（斜下方）Thesunsankbelowthehorizon.Thereisabridgeovertheriver.between和amongbetween指兩者之間，among指三者或三者以上之中。Eg:Thepoliceofficeisbetweenthebankandthehospital.Sarahisthebestsingeramongthesegirls.infrontof和inthefrontofInfrontof指外部的前面，inthefrontof指內(nèi)部的前面Eg:Atreeisinfrontofourclassroom.Theteacher’sdeskisinthefrontoftheclassroom.表示方式的介詞by,with,in,on表示方式時(shí)，by意為“通過，乘坐，使用”，表示使用某種方法或手段做某事，其后的名詞常常不用冠詞Eg:Istayhealthybydevelopinggoodlivinghabits.Shewenttoschoolbybus.Thescarfaremadebyhand.with意為“使用”，強(qiáng)調(diào)做某事使用的工具;當(dāng)with與表示情緒的名詞連用，表示方式時(shí)，其后的名詞常常不用冠詞Eg:Thekiddrewthepicturewithacrayon.Shetreatedthepoorgirlwithkindness.表示方式或所使用的東西時(shí)，in意為“使用”，其后的名詞常常不用冠詞Eg:PleasereadtheletterinChinese.Myfatheraskedmetowritethepaperinink.on意為“使用”媒介或交通工具，其后的名詞要使用冠詞或形容詞性物主代詞Eg:Mymotheroftentalkswithmyauntonthephone.Lisagoestoworkonherbike.表示時(shí)間的介詞in,on,atin作為時(shí)間介詞時(shí)，后接表示世紀(jì)、年、月、季節(jié)、早、中、晚的名詞或表示時(shí)間段的短語Eg:Iusuallygetupearlyinthemorning.Hisdaughterwasborninsummer.PeoplecelebrateThanksgivingDayinNovember.Therewillbeaconcertinthreedays.on作為時(shí)間介詞時(shí)，后接表示具體某天或者某天的上午、下午等的名詞短語Eg:WearesupposedtohandinthepaperontheafternoonofJune10th.HersonhasmusicclassonMonday.at作為時(shí)間介詞時(shí)，后接表示某一時(shí)刻或瞬間的名詞或短語Eg:Herhusbandarrivedhomeat11p.m.lastnight.Thestreetlightsgoonatdusk.for,since“for+時(shí)間段”表示某動作持續(xù)“......之久”，與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)連用時(shí)，表示動作延續(xù)至今；與過去式連用時(shí)，表示一段已經(jīng)結(jié)束了的時(shí)間；與將來時(shí)連用時(shí)，表示動作將要持續(xù)一段時(shí)間。Eg:Mysisterhasworkedasateacherforfiveyears.（我姐姐至今做老師5年了。）Mysisterworkedasateacherforfiveyears.（我姐姐做過5年老師。）Mysisterwillworkasateacherforfiveyears.（我姐姐將做5年老師。）“since+（表示過去的）時(shí)間點(diǎn)”常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)連用，表示“自從......”Eg:Ihaven’theardfromhimsincelastmonth.Billhaswrittentomesincefouryearsago.表示除外的介詞but,except,exceptfor,besides都意為“除......之外”，但用法各不相同用法例句but多與nobody,nothing,all,anything等連用Wecandonothingbutwait.except排除的內(nèi)容與主語是同一類AllthestudentsarehereexceptTom.（表示Tom不在這）exceptfor排除的內(nèi)容與主語不是同一類Yourcompositionisexcellentexceptforsomemistakes.besides包含在內(nèi)Weneedsixmorecupsbesidesthesefour.（表示總共要10個杯子）介詞的省略表示時(shí)間的名詞前有l(wèi)ast,next,this,that,these等修飾語且其前沒有冠詞時(shí)，其前要省略介詞Eg:WewenttothemoviesthisSaturday.Mostpeopleareinterestedintheeventthesedays.表示時(shí)間的名詞由some,one,all,every修飾時(shí)，必須省略介詞Eg:I’mgoingtotravelaroundtheworldsomeday.Jeremygetsupearlyeverymorning.Ihavebeentryingtocallyouallafternoon.表示時(shí)間的名詞作副詞時(shí)，其前要省略介詞Eg:Doyouthinkhewillarrivetoday?表示地點(diǎn)的名詞如home,there,here,downstairs等用作副詞時(shí)，其前要省略介詞Eg:Stevenwalkshereeveryday.介詞in的賓語是現(xiàn)在分詞或動名詞時(shí)，常常省略Eg:Wespentthreemonths(in)finishingthejob.Thestudentsarebusy(in)doingtheirhomework.Manypeoplehavedifficulty(in)learningEnglish.常見的介詞搭配關(guān)系介詞與名詞的搭配adviceaboutdifferenceinreporton/aboutresponsetoreplytoanswertokeytowaytoindangerinthemorninginMayatschoolatnightbythewaybythelakebybuswithmyhandswithapen介詞與動詞的搭配benefitfromdealwithcopewithstop...from...protect...fromtalkwithtalktogetridofmakefriendswithcommunicatewithpayattentiontoplayarole/partintakecareoftakepartintakeprideintaketheplaceof介詞與形容詞的搭配beangryaboutbeangrywithbegoodatbegoodforbefamousforbefamousasbedifferentfrombeinterestedinbedependentonbefriendlywithbedelightedatbestrictwithbeanxiousabout練習(xí)：TheSpringFestivalthisyearwillcome___fourdays.A.after B.for C.during D.in -Whoisyourfavouritesinger?-JayZhou.Heisvery____boysandgirls.A.proudof B.popularwith C.strictwith D.worriedabout ChinesepeoplewillcelebratetheNationalDay____October!A.in B.on C.at D.to -Isthereapostoffice______thezooandthebank?-Yes,thereis.A.in B.among C.between D.through -Whatdoyouthinkyourlifewillbelike______twentyyears?-Yeah.Ihavethoughtaboutit_____threeyears. A.before;of B.after;in C.in;for D.for;for Thatwomanmakesaliving__sellingbooks. Awithout B.with C.by D.inIfyouhelpothersalot,yourlifewillbefull_______pleasure. A.by B.of C.for D.with -May,doesyourfathergettowork_____car?-No,heridesabike.Sometimeshewalks.A.In B.on C.by D.for Becarefulwhenyougo______thestreet.A.over B.through C.to D.across I’m____buildinganewzoobecauseIthinkzoosareterribleplacesforanimalstolivein.A.againstB.onC.inD.forIcan’tbesuccessful___yourgreathelp.Thankyouverymuch!A.with B.without C.for D.toIt’ssocold,anditseemsthathetemperaturewillnotrise______zerotonight.A.upB.downC.aboveD.belowStudentsshouldn'tgotoschool______breakfast.It'sbadfortheirhealth.A.