專(zhuān)題 1高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解詞義猜測(cè)題解題技巧

閱讀理解能力提高技巧（一）Improvingyourreadingability（1）2021/5/91猜測(cè)詞義

Guessingmeanings2021/5/92

詞義猜測(cè)題常用的提問(wèn)方式有：1.Theword“…”refersto/probablymeans/couldbestbereplacedby_______.2.Theword“…”ismostlikelytomean______.3.Whatdoyouthinktheexpression“…”standsfor?4.Theunderlinedword“…”means______.......

Lead-in(導(dǎo)入)2021/5/931.Definition定義法3.Similarity相似法2.Contrast對(duì)比法4.Causeandeffect因果法5.Example例舉法8.CommonSense普通常識(shí)6.WordFormation構(gòu)詞法猜測(cè)詞義7.Context上下文2021/5/94Itwillbeveryhardbutverybrittle—thatis,itwillbreakeasily.1.Definition定義法：一般通過(guò)定義、定語(yǔ)（從句）或同位語(yǔ)（從句）來(lái)確定詞義。

(adj.

易碎的,脆的)Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.

(n.

牧羊人)2021/5/95●信號(hào)詞：be,becalled,means,bedefinedas,thatis,thatistosay,inotherwords,-----(破折號(hào))等.A

mosquitoisasmallflyingpestthatthrusttheskinandthendrinkblood.

Desert

canbedefinedasalargeareaoflandwherethereisnotenoughrainandvegetationtosupporthumanlife.蚊子沙漠2021/5/96Ex.1

◎Apersonwhoisskilledatmakingorrepairingwoodenobjectsiscalledacarpenter.◎Hisuncleisazoologist,anexpertwhodoesresearchonanimals.

◎Theyarevertebrates,thatis,animalshavebackbones.

◎Theperiodofadolescence,i.e.theperiodbetweenchildhoodandadulthood,maybelongorshort.木匠動(dòng)物學(xué)家脊椎動(dòng)物青春期2021/5/97“Gettingthecoldshoulder”meansthatsomeoneisactuallyinawaythatmakesyoufeelunwanted.Theverywordscreateapicture:Youcanimagineafriendturningawaysothat,insteadofawarmgreeting,youreceiveonlyhisshoulder–a“cold”shoulder.Theexpression“gettingthecoldshoulder”means____.beingtreatedrudelybypayingnoattentiontoyouB.greetingyoufriendlyC.greetingyoubyrubbingshoulderswithyouD.feedingyoucoldmeat2021/5/982.Contrast對(duì)比法：利用文中的反義詞以及表對(duì)比關(guān)系的詞（組）猜測(cè)詞義。表示對(duì)比的信號(hào)詞有yet,but,while,thoughhowever,otherwise,ontheonehand…ontheotherhand,foronething…foranotherthing,insteadof等。

2021/5/99

ThoughTom’sfacehasbeenwashedquiteclean,hisneckstillremainsgrubby.Johnusuallywastesalotofmoneyonsuchuselessthings,hiswife,however,isverythrifty.污穢的節(jié)約的2021/5/910Ex.2◎Inthepasttheworldseemedtoruninanorderlyway.Now,however,everythingseemstobeinastateofturmoil.◎Somehumanactionsarelearned,butquiteafewotheractionsareinnate.◎Althoughalargenumberofpeopleconsideredhimtohavestolenthemoney,Iwassurethathewasinnocentofthetheft.混亂

無(wú)辜的天生的

2021/5/911Mostofusagreed,however,Billdissented.

(v.

不同意)2021/5/9123.Similarity

相似法：利用同義詞、近義詞（詞組）或相似的結(jié)構(gòu)猜測(cè)詞義。Cleaningupwaterwaysisanenormous

task.Thejobissolarge,infact,thatthegovernmentmaynotbeabletosavesomeoftheriversandlakeswhichhavebeenpolluted.(adj.

巨大的;極大的)2021/5/913當(dāng)被猜的詞前后有信號(hào)詞:or,like,as…as,thesameas等就可以通過(guò)同義詞、近義詞來(lái)確定詞義了。Motherwastall,fatandmiddle-aged.Myauntwasanoldwoman,almostasplump

asmother,andmuchshorter.圓胖的,2021/5/9144.CauseEffect因果法：從原因推測(cè)結(jié)果，從結(jié)果推測(cè)原因。

Onewhoisdestitutehasagreatneedforfoodandclothing.

Thatmuseumissoimmensethatitwillbeimpossibletoseealltheexhibitsinoneday.

(adj.

貧窮的,窮困的)

(adj.

大的)2021/5/915因果關(guān)系信號(hào)詞:because,since,as,for,dueto,so,therefore,so…that,such…that,thusRubbercanbemadetostretchmorethanninetimesitsnormallengthbecauseitisveryelastic.Theriverissoturbidthatitisimpossibletoseethebottomevenwhenitisshallow.彈性的混濁的2021/5/9165.Example例舉法：利用文中的舉例猜測(cè)詞義。常見(jiàn)的舉例的信號(hào)詞有forinstance,forexample,suchas:such,like,especially,include,consistof等Todayyoungcouplesoftenspendlotsoftheirmoneyonappliances,forinstance,washingmachines,refrigeratorsandcolortelevisions.(n.

電器用具)2021/5/917

Carsmusthavecertainsafetydevicessuchasseatbelt,headlights,andgoodbrakes.Onthefarmtheymainlyraisepoultry,suchaschickens,ducksandgeese,fortheireggsandmeat.家禽裝置2021/5/9186.WordFormation構(gòu)詞法：

英語(yǔ)單詞大多是由詞根、詞頭（前綴）和詞尾（后綴）所組成。詞根是單詞最基本的部分，表達(dá)單詞的基本含義。在詞根前或后加上前綴或后綴，可以用來(lái)引申或轉(zhuǎn)變?cè)~的意義。只要我們掌握了各種詞根、詞頭和詞尾的基本含義，那么就可以很容易猜測(cè)出由其構(gòu)成的新詞的含義了。2021/5/919中學(xué)英語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)的前綴和后綴有：super-(超)mini-(極小的,微小的)micro-（極微小的）re-（再，反復(fù)）mis-（誤，惡）im-（不）un-（不，非）in-（不，非）non-（不，非）-able（能…的）-less（不，無(wú)）-wards(向)2021/5/920supermanmicrowave(超人)nonnaturalmispronouce(非自然的)

homelessnonsmoker(無(wú)家可歸的)rebuildeastwards(重建)

Canyouguesstherightmeanings?(微波)(非煙民)(發(fā)錯(cuò)音)(向東)2021/5/921TodaythesportispopularinLatinAmerica,Asiaand,unfortunately,insomepartsoftheUnitedStates--eventhoughitisunlawfulinalmosteverystate.Whatdoestheword“unlawful”possiblymean?

A.allowedbythelawC.againstthelawB.inaccordancewiththelawD.havingnothingtodowiththelawPrefix(前綴）usual—unusualhappy--unhappy2021/5/922

Eg.I’mgoingtobuyamicrobus.

micro+bus微型公共汽車(chē)Thispossibilitywas unforeseeable，becauseitalmost neverhappened.un+foresee+able不可預(yù)見(jiàn)的2021/5/9237.Context上下文：利用語(yǔ)境及前后的提示來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義。2021/5/924

Tomsawan

owlinatreelastnight．A．a(chǎn)birdB．a(chǎn)nanimalC.astar1）Tomsawan

owlinatreelastnightbutitflewawaywhenhegotnear．A．a(chǎn)birdB．a(chǎn)nanimalC.astarAAB(n.

貓頭鷹)2021/5/9252）

Thechildrenarelookingatanape

atthezoo．A．a(chǎn)kindofmonkeyB．a(chǎn)kindoftreeC．a(chǎn)kindofbird

Thechildrenarelookingatalarge,hairy

apeatthezoo．A．a(chǎn)kindofmonkeyB．a(chǎn)kindoftreeC．a(chǎn)kindofbirdAAC(n.

猿)2021/5/9268.Commonsense

普通常識(shí)：根據(jù)普通常識(shí)和生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)來(lái)猜測(cè)詞義。

在閱讀的過(guò)程中，如遇到生詞，有時(shí)可以根據(jù)自身的直接或間接的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，或運(yùn)用自己已有的常識(shí)將其推測(cè)出來(lái)。比如了解一些英美國(guó)家的天文地理、風(fēng)俗習(xí)慣、宗教信仰、政治結(jié)構(gòu)、社會(huì)制度等，可以幫助加深對(duì)文章的理解，遇到生詞時(shí)，猜測(cè)詞義的能力自然就會(huì)增強(qiáng)。

2021/5/927

Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient,heusuallygivesananaesthetictomakehimunconscious,becausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.Whenyouthrowastoneintostillwaterofalake,youwillwatcha

ripplespreadinringsonthesurfaceofwater.Metalexpandswhenheatedandcontractswhencooled.麻藥波紋膨脹冷縮2021/5/928

◎Oneofsymptomscausedbythepeculiarillnessisahighfever.◎Becausethischemicalliquidishighlyvolatile,wemustkeepitinabottlewhichhasatightlid.◎Inthestrongwind,thebeggarshiveredwiththeterriblecold.

癥狀易揮發(fā)的

顫抖2021/5/929Inquiry-basedActivities(I)

探究活動(dòng)(1)2021/5/9301.同位法。同位語(yǔ)部分alargebuildinginoldtimes給出了castle的確切詞義，即“城堡”。Theytraveledalongway,atlastgottoacastle,alargebuildinginoldtimes.2021/5/9312.定義法。定語(yǔ)從句中wholooksaftersheep就表明herdsman的詞義為"牧人"。Theherdsman,wholooksaftersheep,earnsabout650yuanayear.2021/5/932

3.同位法。兩個(gè)破折號(hào)之間的短語(yǔ)很清楚地表明nightshift是“夜班”的意思。Weareonthenightshift---frommidnightto8a.m.---thisweek.2021/5/933Albert’ssuccessaftermucheffortandpracticeprovesthevalueofpersistence.A.timeB.competitionC.perseverance2.Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile,becausehewasusingthewrongkey.A.成功的B.徒勞的C.有效的D.匆促的2021/5/9343.ThoughMr.Smithhasbeenmanagerforjust3months,hehasalreadymademuchgreaterachievementsthanhispredecessors.A.上級(jí)B.前任C.同事D.下級(jí)4.Shedidn’thearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossedinherreading.

A.心不在焉的B.緊張的C.全神貫注的

D.睡意濃的2021/5/9355.Twelve-year-oldSallywasanactivegirl.Buthersisterwasquitesedate.A.prettyB.calmC.protectiveD.energetic6.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemakesuphismindtodosomething,hewon’tgiveituphalfway.A.strongB.firmC.kindD.clever祝功成你!2021/5/9367.Theflowersinthevasewitheredbecausetheyhadnowater.A.becamesweeterB.becameredC.becamedry8.Justforfun,theydecidedtotryaverycircuitouscountryroadinsteadofthemoredirecthighway.A.directB.indirectC.straight祝功成你!2021/5/937

Canyouguessthecorrectmeaningsofthefollowingwords?----------------------------------------------------

1.Therearesomeglaciersmovingdownthemountainvalleys.Aglacierisariverofice.A.雪山B.樹(shù)枝C.冰河D.冰

2.Heisaresoluteman.Oncehemadeuphismindtodosomething,hewon’tgiveituphalfway.A.weakB.firmC.kindD.clever

3.Mr.BrownisnowworkingatPrincetonUniversityfarawayfromhome.Forthisreasonhehastorentaroomneartheofficewhereheworks.

A.租用B.借出C.購(gòu)買(mǎi)D.參觀

CAB2021/5/9384.Theofficialaskedthemanwhathis

occupationwas.Themantoldhimthatheworkedasanengineer.A.workB.studyC.nameD.interest

5.Theoldwomanhasa

strange

habittokeepover100catsinherhouse.Herneighborallcallheraneccentriclady.A.愛(ài)貓的B.古怪的C.閑不住D.動(dòng)物保護(hù)主義者6.Inmanycountriestherearetwofinancialextremes,frompenury

togreatwealth.A.便士B.溫飽C.非常貧困D.虛弱ABC2021/5/939Inquiry-basedActivities(II)

探究活動(dòng)(2)2021/5/940Aman’spositionamongtheblack-tentpeopledependsonhisancestors,relatives,andfellowtribesmen.Iftheyarehonored,heisalsohonored.Iftheyaredisgraced,hetooisdisgraced.Thereforeonecarefullyguardsthehonorofhisfamily,hislineage(宗系),andhistribe.Theword“disgrace”means_________inthistext.A.honorB.endangerC.proudD.shameD2021/5/941Therulerhadbeensocruelanddishonestthataftertherevolutionhewasbanished.AfewmembersoftheSenate(參議院)opposedthisdecision,butthemajorityvotedthattheruler

shouldleavethecountryforever.

Theunderlinedword“banished”mean_______.A.killedbystoningB.sentawayC.imprisonedD.punishedbywhipping

B2021/5/942

Myfirstjobwastodrivetheoxenthatploughedthecanefields.Iwouldwalkbehindanox,guidinghimwithabroomstick.For$1aday,Iworkedeighthoursstraight,withnofoodbreaks.Itwasverytediouswork,butitprepar