2023年陜西省延安市甘泉縣考研《英語一》統(tǒng)考試題含解析

2023年陜西省延安市甘泉縣考研《英語一》統(tǒng)考試題SectionIUseofEnglishDirections:Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填人空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Itwasabitter,coldeveninginnorthernVirginiamanyyearsago.Theoldmanwas____forarideacrosstheriver.Thewaitseemed____.Hiebodybecamestiff(僵硬的)fromthecoldnorthwind.Heheardthe____ofapproachinghooves(馬蹄)runningalongthefrozenpath.Anxiously,he___asseveralhorsemenroundedthebend.Heletthefirstonepassby____anefforttogethisattention.Thenanotherpassedby,andanother.____,thelastriderdrewnear.Theoldmancaughttherider’seyesandsaid,“Sir,wouldyou____givinganoldmanaridetotheotherside?”Reining(勒住)hishorse,theriderreplied,“Surething.Hop____.”Thehorsemangotoffandhelpedtheoldmanontothehorse.Hetooktheoldmannot____acrosstheriver,buttohisdestination.Astheynearedthetinybutcozycottage,thehorseman’s____causedhimtoinquire,“Sir,Inoticedthatyouletseveralotherriderspassby.I’mcurious___youwouldwaitandaskthelastrider.WhatifIhad____andleftyouthere?”Theoldmanreplied,“Ilookedintotheeyesoftheother___andimmediatelysawtherewasnoconcernformysituation.Itwouldhavebeen____eventoaskthemforaride.ButwhenIlookedintoyoureyes,kindnessandcompassionwere____.Iknewyourgentlespiritwould_____theopportunitytohelpme.”Thoseheartwarmingcomments____thehorsemandeeply.“I’mmost____forwhatyouhavesaid,”hetoldtheoldman.“MayI___gettoobusyinmyownaffairssothatIfailto____totheneedsofotherswithkindnessandcompassion.”withthat,ThomasJeffersonturnedhishorsearoundandmadehiswaybacktotheWhiteHouse.1、A．waiting B．searching C．preparing D．leaving2、A．wordless B．priceless C．careless D．endless3、A．number B．distance C．rhythm D．length4、A．stopped B．watched C．followed D．wandered5、A．beyond B．with C．through D．without6、A．Finally B．Luckily C．Sadly D．Slowly7、A．enjoy B．a(chǎn)void C．mind D．a(chǎn)dmit8、A．a(chǎn)head B．a(chǎn)board C．below D．a(chǎn)bove9、A．still B．yet C．even D．just10、A．courage B．determination C．curiosity D．bravery11、A．why B．when C．how D．where12、A．a(chǎn)greed B．changed C．escaped D．refused13、A．soldiers B．riders C．leaders D．enemies14、A．successful B．necessary C．useless D．impolite15、A．obvious B．missing C．hidden D．helpful16、A．order B．force C．a(chǎn)llow D．welcome17、A．a(chǎn)ffected B．touched C．injured D．shocked18、A．careful B．peaceful C．grateful D．powerful19、A．never B．a(chǎn)lways C．usually D．often20、A．stick B．lead C．point D．respondSectionIIReadingComprehensionPartADirections:Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points)Text1AwomanfromAustraliahasfoundtheworld’soldestknownmessageinabottlenearly132yearsafteritwascastintothesea.TonyaIllmandiscoveredthedrift(漂流)bottlehalf-buriedinthesandonabeachinWesternAustralia,180kilometersnorthofthestatecapitalPerth.Themessage,dated12June1886,wasthrownintotheIndianOceanfromtheGermanshipPaula,whichwasenroutefromCardiff,Wales,toitsdestinationofDutchEastIndies(nowIndonesia).Thebottlewasoneofthethousandsthrownintooceansaspartofa69-year-longGermanexperimentonglobalcurrents(洋流)tofindfastershippingroutes.Untilnow,thepreviousworldrecordfortheoldestmessageinabottlewas108years,4monthsand18daysfromthetimeitwascastuntilitsdiscovery.Illmanfoundthebottlenearherson’scarinthebeach’ssoftsand.“IwaswalkingacrosswhenIsawsomethingstickingoutofthesand,soIwenttotakeacloserlook,”Illmanwasquotedassaying.“Itjustlookedlikealovelyoldbottle,soIpickeditupthinkingitmightlookgoodinmybookcase.Myson’sgirlfriendwastheonewhodiscoveredthenotewhenshewenttotipthesandout.“Thenotewasdamp,rolledtightlyandtiedwithastring.Wetookithomeanddrieditout,andwhenweopenedit,wesawitwasinGerman,withveryfaintGermanhandwritingonit.”TheIllmanstooktheirfindtothelocalmuseumwhichestablishedthatthebottlewasa19thCenturyDutchginbottle,andtheGermanshipPaulasailedfromCardifftoMakassar(Indonesia)in1886.1、Whatcanwelearnaboutthenewly-foundbottle?A．ItwasthrownoverboardnearGermany.B．Itwasbroughttoauniversityforconsultation.C．Itwasoneofthebottlescastintotheoceanin1886.D．Itwasusedforsendingamessagetotoday’sIndonesia.2、Whatdotheunderlinedwords“enroute”inParagraph3mean?A．Ontheway.B．Offthecourse.C．Inthecenter.D．Attheend.3、Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．19thCenturyDutchGinBottleReturnedtoGermanyB．OldestMessageinaBottleFoundonAustralianBeachC．GermanShipPaulaSailedAcrosstheIndianOceanin1886D．69-year-longGermanExperimentonGlobalCurrentsEndedText2AnexcitinglandingprocessofChang'e-4lunarprobe(月球探測器)wasseenthroughthemonitoratBeijingAerospaceControlCenterinBeijing,Jan.3,2019.Ittoucheddownonthefarsideofthemoonat10:26a.m.BeijingTime,becomingthefirstspacecraftsoft-landingonthemoon'sunknownsidenevervisiblefromEarth.China'sChang'e-4probehasstartedtheexplorationonthefarsideofthemoonthankstotherelaysatellitethatprovidesacommunicationlinkwithgroundcontrol.Therelaysatellite,namedQueqiao,meaningMagpieBridge,afteraChineselegend(傳說),waslaunchedonMay21,2018,andbecamethefirstcommunicationsatelliteoperatinginthehaloorbit,nearly500,000kmfromtheearth.Itcanalsoprovidecommunicationforprobesfromothercountries.Therelaysatellitewillalsobeusedforscientificandtechnologicalexperiments.ThemaximumdistancebetweenthesatelliteandtheChang'e-4probeonthefarsideofthemoonis79,000km.ThesatelliteprocessesdatafromtheprobeandsendsittoEarth.Thesatellitecanstayinitsorbitforalongtimeduetoitsrelativelylowfuelconsumption,astheearth'sandmoon'sgravitybalancesitsorbitalmoving.Whileinorbit,itcan"see"boththeearthandthefarsideofthemoon.TheconceptofusingarelaysatelliteinthehaloorbitwasfirstputforwardbyU.S.spaceexpertsinthe1960s,butwasrealizedbyChinesespaceengineers.Researchershopetousethecamerasonthesatellitetorecordasteroids(小行星)hittingthefarsideofthemoon.TocontrolthecostoftheChang'e-4probe,therelaysatellitewasdesignedtoberelativelysmall,weighingabout400kg.Researchershadjust30monthstodevelopthesatellite,puttingthemunderhighpressure.Topromotepublicinterestinspaceexploration,theChinaNationalSpaceAdministrationinvitedpeopletowritedowntheirwishesforlunarandspaceexploration,andtherelaysatellitecarriesthenamesoftensofthousandsofparticipantsandtheirmessages.1、Whatdowelearnfromthesecondparagraph?A．TherelaysatellitewaslaunchedonJan.3,2019.B．Chang'e-4probewasthefirstcommunicationsatellite.C．Therelaysatelliteonlyexploresthefarsideofthemoon.D．TherelaysatellitecanhandledatafromChang'e-4probe.2、Whywasthesizeoftherelaysatelliterelativelysmall?A．Toreducethecostasmuchaspossible.B．TomakeitcircleMoonforalongertime.C．Toavoidbeingcrashedbyothersatellites.D．TofollowAmericanspaceexperts'advice.’3、Whatmaderesearcherssufferfromgreatstress?A．Fewpeopleinterestedintheexplorationonthemoon.B．Therelaysatellitecarryingtoomuchequipment.C．Theirlackingenoughtimetodeveloptherelaysatellite.D．People'sneverbeingoptimisticabouttherelaysatellite.4、Whatisthemainideaofthetext?A．ChinaisanewspacepoweraftertheUSA．B．Chang'e-4probelandsonMoon'sfarside.C．Chinesespaceengineersmakemuchprogress.D．Spaceexplorationisadangerouschallenge.Text3ThestudyledbyMyrskyla,directoroftheMaxPlanckInstituteinGermanywasthefirsttoanalyzetheaccumulativeeffectofseveralkeyhealthbehaviorsondisability-freeandtotallifeexpectancy.Previousstudieshavelookedatsinglehealthbehaviors.Myrskylaandcolleaguesinsteadexaminedseveralbehaviorssimultaneously（同時）,whichallowedthemtodeterminehowlongandhealthythelivesofpeoplewhohadavoidedmostofthewell-knownindividualbehavioralriskfactorswere.Theresearchersnotedthateachofthethreeunhealthybehaviors—obesity,smoking,andunhealthyconsumptionofalcohol—waslinkedtoareductioninlifeexpectancyandtoanearlieroccurrenceofdisabilities.However,smokingwasfoundtobeassociatedwithanearlydeathbutnotwithanincreaseinthenumberofyearswithdisability,whileobesityledtoalongperiodoftimewithdisability.Excessivealcoholconsumptionwasfoundtocausebothdecreasedlifespan（壽命）andareducednumberofhealthyyears.However,theabsenceofalloftheseriskyhealthybehaviorswasfoundtobeassociatedwiththegreatestnumberofhealthyyears.Themoststrikingfindingwasthediscoveryofalargedifferenceinaveragelifespanbetweenthegroupswhowerethemostandtheleastatrisk.Menwhowerenotoverweight,hadneversmoked,anddrankproperlywerefoundtoliveanaverageof11yearslongerthanmenwhowereoverweight,hadsmoked,anddrankexcessively.Forwomen,thegapbetweenthesetwogroupswasfoundtobeevengreater,at12years.“Ourresultsshowhowimportantitistofocusonprevention.Thosewhoavoidriskyhealthbehaviorsareachievingverylongandhealthylives,”saidMyrskyla.It'snotwithoutreasonthatwearetoldrepeatedlytoswitchtoahealthylifestyle,whichcanpreventyoufromvariousillnessesaswellaskeepyouyoungandactive."Improvementsinmedicaltechnologyareoftenthoughttobethegatekeepertohealthier,longerlife.Butweshowedthatahealthylifestyle,isenoughtoenableindividualstoenjoyaverylongandhealthylife,"saidMyrskyla."Ahealthylifestyleisenoughtogetthebenefits.Avoidingthosebehaviorsisnotanunrealisticgoal."1、Myrskyla'sstudyisdifferentfrompreviousonesinthat.A．itconcentratesonhowindividualbehaviorsaffectourhealthB．itisconductedbyateamofprofessionalresearchersC．itanalyzesthecombinedeffectsofsomeunhealthybehaviorsD．itassessestheriskofunhealthybehaviorsondecreasedlifespan2、Itcanbelearnedfromparagraphs2-3that.A．obesityiscloselyconnectedwithanearlydeathB．smokingleadstoalongperiodoftimewithdisabilityC．overdrinkingcontributestothereductioninlifespanD．nostrikingdifferencesexistbetweenthetwogroupsofwomen3、Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A．HealthImprovement:AdoptionofaBalancedDietB．HealthCare:NotaPrivilegebutaRightC．AbsenceofSmoking:SimplestWaytoKeepHealthyD．LifestyleChanges:ExtraYearsinGoodHealthText4Itisnotonlypraiseorpunishmentthatdeterminesachild’slevelofconfidence.Therearesomeotherimportantwaysweshapeourkids—particularlybygivinginstructionsandcommandsinanegativeorpositivechoiceofwords.Forexample,wecansaytoachild“Don’trunintotraffic!”or“Stayonthefootpathclosetome.”Inusingthelatter,youwillbehelpingyourkidstothinkandactpositively,andtofeelcompetentinawiderangeofsituation,becausetheyknowwhattodo,andaren’tscaringthemselvesaboutwhatnottodo.Actually,itisallinthewaythehumanmindworks.Whatwethink,weautomaticallyrehearse.Forexample,ifsomeoneofferedyouamilliondollarsnottothinkofabluemonkeyfortwominutes,youwouldn’tbeabletodoit.Whenachildistold“Don’tfalloffthetree,”hewillthinkoftwothings:“don’t”and“falloffthetree”.Thatis,hewillautomaticallycreatethepictureoffallingoffthetreeinhismind.Achildwhoisvividlyimaginingfallingoffthetreeismuchmorelikelytofalloff.Soitisfarbettertouse“Holdontothetreecarefully.”Clearly,positiveinstructionshelpkidstounderstandtherightwaytodothings.Kidsdonotalwaysknowhowtobesafe,orhowtoreacttothewarningofthedangerinnegativewords.Soparentsshouldmaketheircommandspositive.“Sam,holdonfirmtothesideoftheboat”ismuchmoreusefulthan“Don’tyoudaretofalloutoftheboat?”orworsestill“HowdoyouthinkI’llfeelifyoudrown?”Thechangesaresmallbutdifferenceisobvious.Childrenlearnhowtoguideandorganizethemselvesfromthewayweguidethemwithourwords,soitpaystobepositive.1、Positivechoiceofwordshelpskidsto______.A．dothingscarefullyB．learnindifferentsituationsC．improvetheirimaginationD．builduptheirconfidence2、WhatcanweinferfromParagraph2?A．Onecan’thelpimaginingwhatisheard.B．Achildwillactonwhatisinstructed.C．Achildwillfalloffthetreewhentoldnotto.D．Onewon’tthinkofabluemonkeywhengivenmoney.3、Whichofthefollowingcommandshelpskidstobesafe?A．Fastenyourseatbelt.B．Don’tplaybythelake.C．HowdoyouthinkI’llfeelifyougethurt?D．Don’tyoudaretowalkthroughtheredlight?4、Themainideaofthepassageisthat______.A．praisemakeskidsconfidentB．rightinstructionskeepkidssafeC．positiveinstructionsguidekidsD．clearcommandsmakekidsdifferentPartBDirections:ReadthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitablesubheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextrasubheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)Directions:Afterreadingthepassagebelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagecoherentandgrammaticallycorrectFortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblankThere'sawidely-acceptedlineofthinking,especiallyin2019thatsaysthepeopleandthingswelovewilleventuallyletusdownIt'sneveranif,alwaysawhenSoourheroeswillinevitablytobetrashmonstersOurfavoritebandswillinenteranexperimentalphase,eventhoughnooneaskedthemtoAndourfavoriteTVshowswill1．failtoreachgreaterheights,buttheywon'tevencomeclosetothesamelevelofsuccesstheyoncehadItwaswiththiscynicalmentality2．Iapproachedthesecondseasonof2018’sbreakouthitKillingEveHowcouldaseriesthatwassowellwritten,sowellacted,andsofiercelyaddictiveinfreshmanseasonpossibly3．(maintain)thesamelevelofqualityinSeason2,especiallysincePhoebeWaller-Bridge,4．developedtheseriesforTVandwrotefourofthefirstseason’seightepisodes,wasn'tinvolvedinthewritingofthesecond?ItseemedlikeanimpossibletaskButthenastrangethinghappened:KillingEve’ssecondseason,atleastthetwoepisodes5．(screen)inadvanceforcritics,didn'tletmedownThenewepisodesgeneratedthesameamountofjoyIexperienced6．IwatchedEve(sandraOh)andVillanelle(JodieComer)dancearoundeachotherduringthefirstgo-around,onlythistimethestakeswereconsiderably7．(high)

AsPhoebeWaller-Bridged,noted“KillingEveisacharacterstudyontwolives,twowomenandtheircircumstances,theirhomes,theirwants,theirfearsand8．keepsthemfromendingitallIt'sjustthat9．happenstobeanassasin(暗殺者)andtheotheraspyIfI'vedonemyjobright,theaudience10．feelequallychilledastheyareexcitedbythedeterminationofthesewomen,theirjourneysandhowdrawntheyaretooneanotherThomaswasthefirstpersonto1．IspokeafterarrivinginWashingtonD．C．Igotoffthebus,andwalkedoutandtherehewas,2．(sit)byafountaininthesunAsIgotmuch3．(close),Icouldseehewas4．painandnoticedthewalkingframenexttohimIsatdownandwestartedtalkingIaskedThomaswhat5．waslikeherebeinghomelessHe6．(response),“It’sbeentenyearsnowWhenIwasinthearmy,therewasnowayIcouldhavepicturedbeinghere”ThomashadservedinVietnamforfouryears,buthedidn’twanttospeakmuchaboutthatAfterashortwhile,ItoldhimwhatIdidandthatI’dlovetogivehimahaircut7．(instant)hesaid,“What,righthere?Whynot!Iamnotmoving,thoughIcan’tmoveverywellatallanymore”Hewasn’tkiddingIputmygown(長袍)aroundhimrighttherewherehewaslyingandstartedcuttingIlovedeveryminuteofthisThesun8．(keep)shiningasThomastoldmeabouthisearlylifegrowingupinWestVirginiaWiththemirror9．(hand)tohimintheend,hestaredathisclear10．(reflect)forareallylongtime,thenlookedupatmeandsaid,“Iwanttoknowwhyyoudidthatforme”Itoldhimthetruth—IlovehearinghisstoryFulfillmentisdifferentforeveryone,butforme,connectingwithothersiswhatmakesmetickSectionIIITranslationDirections:TranslatethefollowingtextintoChinese.WriteyourtranslationontheANSWERSHEET.(15points)ThingsYouCandofortheOceanTheoceansupportsaglobalunderwatercirculationsystemofcurrents,whichaffectstemperatureandnutrientdistribution.1、.It’stimeforyoutodosomethingfortheocean.Bethebestcitizenoftheoceanyoucanbebytakingthesesimplestepstoday.2、.TheMontereyBayAquariumhasmadeiteasytochooseocean-friendlyseafoodwhereveryouliveortravel.Youcanvisittheirsitetodeterminethepocketguide.Andtrytocarryareusablecupwhentravelling.Morethan200billionpoundsofplasticisproducedintheworldeveryyearandabout10%ofitendsupintheocean!3、Youcanalsomakeyoureffortstoreducetheplasticwastebytravellingwithyourowncup.Leaveitbetterthanyoufounditandreducewaterpollution.Leavenaturalareasandbeachesbetterthanyoufoundthem.4、,orgettogetherwithlike-mindedmembersofyourcommunitybyparticipatinginalocalbeachclean-up.Reducingwaterpollutionisalsobeneficialtoprotectingtheocean.Therearesimplethingsyoucandotoreducewaterpollutionlocallyandimpactwaterqualityglobally.5、.Youshouldcorrectlydealwithdangerousmaterials.Moreover,youshouldusenativeplantsandnaturalfertilizers,andbemindfulwhenwashingyourvehicle.A．Andthisinturnaffectsultimatelyhumanlife.B．Theoceanpollutionhasbeenaseriousproblem.C．Eatsustainableseafoodandcarryareusablecup.D．Bringasmallbagandpicktherubbishalongtheway.E.Youshouldnoteatattherestaurantssellingwildanimals.F.Youshouldusepoisonlesshouseholdproductswheneverpossible.G.Refusingbottledwaterisaneffectivewaytoreducethewastestreamofplastic.根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。I’m30yearsold,andthereareseveralthingsthatlifehastaughtmethatIwanttosharewithyou．Herearethe4lessonsthatlifehastaughtmeinthepast30years．1.TakecareofyourbodyLifeis“unfairly”biased(偏向的)towardspeoplewho“l(fā)ookgood,”likeitornot.Soit’simportantthatyou