人際關(guān)系與社會(huì)交往（一）【精講精研+拓展延伸】高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)主題詞匯 閱讀一遍過

話題二十人際關(guān)系與社會(huì)交往（一）第一部分話題詞匯積累單詞&短語1._______________vt.欽佩；羨慕；贊美2.________________n.成年人3._______________v.逗笑；逗樂；給……提供消遣4._______________v.爭論；辯論5._______________v.打賭；與(某人)以錢打賭5.6._______________v.指責(zé)；責(zé)怪；歸咎于7._______________n.&v.安慰；舒適8._______________n.公司；陪伴；同伴；連隊(duì)9._______________v.合作；配合；協(xié)力10._______________adj.和諧的；融洽的11._______________adj.正式的；規(guī)范的12._______________adj.精疲力竭的；耗盡的13._______________v.擴(kuò)展，擴(kuò)大，使膨脹14._______________v.解釋，說明，講解________________n.解釋，說明15._______________n.實(shí)驗(yàn)；試驗(yàn)；嘗試；實(shí)踐16._______________n.表達(dá)，表情；表現(xiàn)；表示；態(tài)度17._______________v.伸開，展開；(使)延伸18._______________n.延伸；擴(kuò)大；延長期19._______________n.滅絕，絕跡20._______________adj.非凡的，卓越的21._______________adv.極其，非常22._______________v.探測(cè)，探索；探討，探究23._______________n.因素，要素24._______________n.失??；失敗的人/事25._______________n.信任，信仰，信念26._______________adj.假的；不正確的；人造的27._______________n.名聲，名望，聲譽(yù)28._______________v.系牢，使固定29._______________n.節(jié)日30._______________adj.財(cái)政的，金融的31.expeditionn._______________32.exitn._______________33.explicitadj._______________34.exploitv._______________35.facialadj._______________36.faminen._______________37.facilityn.[常用復(fù)數(shù)]_______________38.fadev._______________39.faintadj._______________v._______________40.fakeadj._______________n._______________41.firmn._______________adj._______________adv._______________42.feedbackn._______________43.fertileadj._______________44.fierceadj._______________45.farfromsatisfactory______________________________46.運(yùn)動(dòng)，鍛煉______________________________47.attheexpenseof_______________________________48.教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富______________________________49.做實(shí)驗(yàn)______________________________50.beexposedto______________________________51.照看，注意______________________________52.面對(duì)……______________________________53.事實(shí)上______________________________54.對(duì)……熟悉______________________________55.為……所熟悉______________________________56.在……方面是專家，在……方面技術(shù)嫻熟______________________________57.幫助某人一個(gè)忙______________________________58.贊同，支持______________________________59.befedupwith______________________________60.弄清楚，弄明白；計(jì)算出______________________________詞匯拓展1.extendv.使伸長；擴(kuò)大；擴(kuò)展；延長；使延期；擴(kuò)大……的范圍(或影響)Thereareplansto_____________theno-smokingarea.現(xiàn)已有擴(kuò)大無煙區(qū)的計(jì)劃。Hiswritingcareer_____________overaperiodof40years.他的寫作生涯超過了40年。Theservicealso_____________towrappinganddeliveringgifts.服務(wù)項(xiàng)目還包括包裝和遞送禮物?！颈嫖觥縠xpand和extend的區(qū)別extend和expand都是動(dòng)詞，extend本意為stretchout,側(cè)重二維的平面的延伸。而expand可以指三維意義上的膨脹，與contract"收縮"相對(duì)。expand側(cè)重于在數(shù)量、大小型號(hào)、重要性方面的增多、擴(kuò)展、增強(qiáng)；而extend則側(cè)重于在某物空間(土地)、時(shí)間上的延展、更大、更長。2.figureout想出；解決；計(jì)算出；弄明白Ineedtofigureouthowtogetaroundwiththiskindoflimitedrange.我必須要在這有限的車程里想出可以四處游玩的好方法。Byandbyyou'llbeabletofigureoutwhatsortofpersonhereallyis.這個(gè)人究竟怎么樣，你慢慢就品出來了。Let's_____________whatismissingandseeifthereareanyfingerprintsleftbehind.我們看下什么丟了，看看盜賊是否留下了指紋。Iwastryingto_____________whatIshouldhavealreadytoldyou,butIneverhave.我還在想有什么東西是我早就該告訴你但是我始終沒說過的?；顚W(xué)活用一、閱讀下列句子，在空白處填入1個(gè)單詞或用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.Thisyeartheyhaveintroducedthreenewproducts_____________(extend)theirrange.2.Ifevenonepersonis_____________(expose)tohighlevelsofradiation,Iconsiderthattoomuch.3.Everyonemustbefamiliar_____________theoldfavouriteamongroses,CrystalPalace.4.Asapoet,heisasuccess,but,asafather,heisa_____________(fail).5.Thistreeisalwaysrecognizablebyits_____________(extreme)beautifulsilverybark.二、翻譯句子1.Therehasbeenadeclineinenrollmentinliberalartscoursesinfavorofhighlyspecializedtrainingforhighpayingcareers,mostlyinbusiness._______________________________________________________________2.他花了好幾天才弄明白到底發(fā)生了什么。(figureout)_______________________________________________________________3.他談不上是個(gè)優(yōu)等生。(farfrom)_______________________________________________________________4.在線上教學(xué)部分，我已經(jīng)有十個(gè)月的韓國學(xué)生英語教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)了。(beexperiencedin)_______________________________________________________________參考答案單詞&短語1.admire2.adult3.amuse4.argue5.bet6.fort8.company9.cooperate10.harmonious11.formal12.exhausted13.expand14.explain;explanation15.experiment16.expression17.extend18.extension19.extinction20.extraordinary21.extremely22.explore23.factor24.failure25.faith26.false27.fame28.fasten29.festival30.financial31.遠(yuǎn)征(隊(duì)),探險(xiǎn)(隊(duì))32.n.出口，通道，安全門v.退場(chǎng)，退出33.清楚的，明確的，直言的34.開發(fā)；開采；利用；剝削35.面部的36.饑荒37.設(shè)施，設(shè)備；場(chǎng)所，建筑38.褪色；凋謝；變?nèi)?，變?9.adj.眩暈的，虛弱的；模糊的，微弱的v.暈倒40.adj.假的，偽造的n.假貨，贗品41.n.商號(hào)，公司adj.堅(jiān)固的；堅(jiān)定的adv.穩(wěn)固地，堅(jiān)定地42.反饋意見43.肥沃的；能結(jié)果的44.兇猛的；猛烈的；激烈的45.遠(yuǎn)非令人滿意的46.takeexercise47.以……為代價(jià)48.beexperiencedinteaching49.conduct/do/perform/carryoutanexperiment50.暴露于51.keepaneyeon52.in(the)faceof53.asamatteroffact/infact54.befamiliarwith55.befamiliarto56.be(an)expertat/in57.dosb.afavor58.infavorof59.對(duì)……感到厭煩60.figureout詞匯拓展1.extend;extended;extends2.figureout;figureout活學(xué)活用一、1.toextend2.exposed3.with4.failure5.extremely二、1.文科課程的報(bào)名人數(shù)有所下降，而以商業(yè)為主、針對(duì)高薪職業(yè)的高度專業(yè)化培訓(xùn)課程則越來越受歡迎。2.Ittookhimacoupleofdaystofigureoutwhathadhappened.3.Heisfarfrom(being)anexcellentstudent.4.Iamexperiencedinconductingonlineclasses.Iactuallyhadtenmonths'experienceinteachingEnglishtoKoreans.第二部分話題閱讀訓(xùn)練（A）閱讀理解Aremarkablestudyfrom1976givesussomeinsightintohowandwhyrelationshipswithourneighborscanbesogoodforus.Surprisinglytoscientistsatthattime,resultsshowedthatcontactwithfamilymembers—evenone'sownchildren—hadlittleimpactonfeelingsofwell-beingorwillpower.Meanwhile,friendships,especiallythosewithneighbors,predictedlowerlevelsoflonelinessandworry,higherlevelsoffeelingsofusefulnessandself-perceivedrespectwithinthecommunity.Thestudysuggeststhatacquaintanceandfriendshipwithneighborsaremoreeffectiveatincreasingwell-beingsincetheyarebasedonnearness,commoninterestsandlifestylechoices.Theneighborhoodrelationshipsarealsodevelopedvoluntarily.Familyties,ontheotherhand,areoftencharacterizedbyasenseofresponsibility,physicaldistance,andpersonaldisharmony.Laterstudiesconfirmtheimportanceofclosefriendshipsforpeopleover65,highlightingtheparticularimportanceoffrequentcontact.Morerecentstudiesshowthatneighborlysupportisassociatedwithbetterwell-beingforindividualsinmid-to-latelife.Dataregardingneighborlyrelationshipsandgeneralwell-beingfrom1,071adultsaged40-70fromtheNationalSurveyofMidlifeDevelopmentintheUSwascollectedin1995,andagainfromthesameindividualsin2005.Thestudyfoundthatthosewhohadlowcontactwithneighborsatthetimeofbothsamples,aswellasthosewhoexperiencedareductionincontactwithneighborsovertheyears,experienceddownwardtrendsinwell-being,asindicatedbyfeelingsofsadness,nervousness,restlessness,hopelessnessandworthlessness.Itiscrucialtonoteherethedifferencebetweenfriendshipandneighboringorrelationshipswithneighbors.Whilefriendshipsarebasedoncommonaffection,neighboring,atitscoreisaninstrumentalrelationshipthatiscatalyzed(催化)bynearness.But,itdoesn'thavetobethisway.Whereneighborsarealsoclosefriends,thepotentialbenefitsareclear.Whilebothfriendshipandneighboringarebeneficialtowell-being,theyaremosteffectivewhenthetypesofsupportandassistancefrombothcoincide(同時(shí)發(fā)生).1．Howdoestheauthormainlydevelopparagraph2?A．Byanalyzingdata. B．Bygivinginstructions.C．Bymakingcomparisons. D．Byfollowingtheorderoftime.2．Whatdeterminesneighborlyrelationshipsaccordingtothetext?A．Nearness. B．Responsibility.C．Physicaldistance. D．Acommonlifegoal.3．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．Theconflictsbetweenrelativesandneighborsareeasytooccur.B．Theneighborhoodrelationshipsareformedundercompulsion.C．Acloseneighborisbetterthanabrotherfaroff.D．Contactwithfamilymembersisindifferent.【答案】1．C2．A3．C【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了鄰里關(guān)系比家庭成員對(duì)人們更有影響力，分析其背后的原因并介紹了一些研究發(fā)現(xiàn)。1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Thestudysuggeststhatacquaintanceandfriendshipwithneighborsaremoreeffectiveatincreasingwell-beingsincetheyarebasedonnearness,commoninterestsandlifestylechoices.Theneighborhoodrelationshipsarealsodevelopedvoluntarily.Familyties,ontheotherhand,areoftencharacterizedbyasenseofresponsibility,physicaldistance,andpersonaldisharmony.Laterstudiesconfirmtheimportanceofclosefriendshipsforpeopleover65,highlightingtheparticularimportanceoffrequentconnection.(這項(xiàng)研究表明，與鄰居的相識(shí)和友誼能更有效地增加幸福感，因?yàn)樗鼈兪墙⒃诰嚯x、共同的興趣和生活方式選擇的基礎(chǔ)上的。鄰里關(guān)系也是自愿發(fā)展的。另一方面，家庭關(guān)系往往具有責(zé)任感、距離和個(gè)人不和諧等特征。后來的研究證實(shí)了親密友誼對(duì)65歲以上的人的重要性，強(qiáng)調(diào)了頻繁聯(lián)系的特別重要性)”可推知，作者主要通過比較鄰里關(guān)系和家庭關(guān)系來展開第二段。故選C項(xiàng)。2．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thestudysuggeststhatacquaintanceandfriendshipwithneighborsaremoreeffectiveatincreasingwell-beingsincetheyarebasedonnearness,commoninterestsandlifestylechoices.(這項(xiàng)研究表明，與鄰居的相識(shí)和友誼能更有效地增加幸福感，因?yàn)樗鼈兪墙⒃诰嚯x、共同的興趣和生活方式選擇的基礎(chǔ)上的)”可知，是接近度決定了鄰里關(guān)系。故選A項(xiàng)。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Astudyfrom1976tellsushowandwhyrelationshipswithourneighborscanbesogoodforus.Surprisinglytoscientistsatthattime,resultsshowedthatconnectionwithfamilymembers-evenone'sownchildren—hadlittleinfluenceonfeelingsofwell-beingorwillpower.Meanwhile,friendships,especiallythosewithneighbors,predictedlowerlevelsoflonelinessandworry,higherlevelsoffeelingsofusefulnessandrespectwithinthecommunity.(1976年的一項(xiàng)研究告訴我們，與鄰居的關(guān)系如何以及為什么會(huì)對(duì)我們?nèi)绱擞幸?。令?dāng)時(shí)的科學(xué)家驚訝的是，研究結(jié)果顯示，與家庭成員——甚至是自己的孩子——的聯(lián)系對(duì)幸福感或意志力幾乎沒有影響。與此同時(shí)，友誼，尤其是與鄰居的友誼，預(yù)示著較低程度的孤獨(dú)和擔(dān)憂，較高程度的有用感和社區(qū)內(nèi)的尊重感)”以及通讀全文可知，文章介紹了鄰里關(guān)系比家庭成員對(duì)人們更有影響力這一現(xiàn)象，并分析其背后的原因，同時(shí)介紹了一些研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，因此，通過這篇文章我們可以知道，近鄰比遠(yuǎn)親給我們帶來的影響更大，更重要。故選C項(xiàng)。（B）七選五Manypeopletrulywanttohelpafriendwhoisinpain.Butwordsoftenfailusattimeslikethese,leavingusstammering(結(jié)巴)fortherightthingtosay.Somepeoplearesoafraidtosayordothewrongthingthattheychoosetodonothingatall.16．There’snooneperfectwaytorespondortosupportsomeoneyoucareabout,buttherearesomegoodgroundrules.17．Youarenotsupposedtobeacentralfigurewhenyourfriendfeelssad.Youmaysayyouwouldhavedonethingsdifferentlyifthisunluckythinghadhappenedtoyou.Ofcourse,Ihopeyoudon’tgetthechancetofindout.Theunhappinessbelongstoyourfriend.Sofollowtheirlead.Keepinmindthatbeingwithsomeonewhoisinpainisn’teasy.Yourfriendcannotshowupfortheirpartoftherelationshipverywell,andyouwilllikelygethurt.Don’ttakeitpersonally.18．Infact,oneofthebestthingsyoucandoforafriendinsorrowistoforecasttheirneeds.Don’tsay,“Callmeifthere’sanythingIcando,”becauseyourfriendwillnotcall.Whatyoushoulddoistomakeconcreteoffers:“Iwillstopbyeachmorningonmywaytoworkandtakeyourdogforaquickwalk.”Thenshowupanddoit.19．Hugyourfriend,rubtheirback,andtouchtheirarm.Comfortthemwithsmallphysicalgesturesthatletthemknowyoucareandcalmthem.Givethemhope.Giveyourfriendhopethatthingswilleventuallygetbetter.20．A．Showyourlove.B．Keepyourfriendatease.C．Instead,pleasebetolerantofthem.D．Remembertoplayasupportingrole.E.Afterall,thefuturewillbefullofhope.F.Theirheartwillhealandlifewillgoon.G.hat’scertainlyanoption,butit’snotoftenagoodone.【答案】16．G17．D18．C19．A20．F【解析】本文是說明文。文章介紹了安慰傷心的朋友的方法。16.上文講在面對(duì)需要安慰的朋友時(shí)，一些人們因擔(dān)心說錯(cuò)話或做的不合適而選擇什么都不做，下文“There’snooneperfectwaytorespondortosupportsomeoneyoucareabout,buttherearesomegoodgroundrules.(沒有一個(gè)完美的方式來回應(yīng)或支持你關(guān)心的人，但有一些好的可遵循的基本規(guī)則)”說“有方法，可做”，與上文語意有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。G項(xiàng)“That’scertainlyanoption,butit’snotoftenagoodone.(這當(dāng)然是一個(gè)選擇，但通常不是一個(gè)好選擇)”中That指代上文“choosetodonothingatall”，“butit’snotoftenagoodone.”引出下文，該在段中項(xiàng)承上啟下。故選G項(xiàng)。17.設(shè)空處是段首中心句。由下文“Youarenotsupposedtobeacentralfigurewhenyourfriendfeelssad.(當(dāng)你的朋友感到悲傷時(shí)，你不應(yīng)該成為中心人物)”以及段尾句“Sofollowtheirlead.(所以跟著他們走)”可知，全段講述的是，安慰悲傷的朋友，不要以自我為中心，要以朋友的感受為主。D項(xiàng)“Remembertoplayasupportingrole.(記住扮演配角)”符合語境。故選D項(xiàng)。18.上文說“Keepinmindthatbeingwithsomeonewhoisinpainisn’teasy.Yourfriendcannotshowupfortheirpartoftherelationshipverywell,andyouwilllikelygethurt.Don’ttakeitpersonally.(記住，和一個(gè)痛苦的人在一起并不容易。你的朋友可能不能很好地展示他們的角色，你可能會(huì)受到傷害。不要認(rèn)為這是針對(duì)你個(gè)人的)”中說到陪伴痛苦的朋友可能受到朋友的傷害，但不要認(rèn)為是針對(duì)你，C項(xiàng)“Instead,pleasebetolerantofthem.(相反，請(qǐng)包容他們)”講要包容，意義上與其是順承關(guān)系，且其中代詞them指代上文Yourfriend。故選C項(xiàng)。19.設(shè)空處是段首中心句。根據(jù)段中內(nèi)容可知，作者建議用“smallphysicalgestures”來“l(fā)etthemknowyoucareandcalmthem.(讓他們知道你關(guān)心他們，讓他們平靜下來)”，A項(xiàng)“Showyourlove.(表達(dá)你的愛)”語意相關(guān)，其中Show指的就是文中“Hugyourfriend,rubtheirback,andtouchtheirarm”行為。故選A項(xiàng)。20.上文“Giveyourfriendhopethatthingswilleventuallygetbetter.(給你的朋友希望，事情最終會(huì)好起來)”主要是說給朋友希望，讓朋友明白一切最終都會(huì)好起來，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“Theirheartwillhealandlifewillgoon.(他們的心會(huì)自愈，生活也會(huì)繼續(xù))”與上文是順承關(guān)系，是給朋友希望的結(jié)果。故選F項(xiàng)。（C）語法填空閱讀下面短文，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式；ConnectOnlinetomeetOfflineInourinformationtechnologysociety,weoftenhave36．(many)communicationsonlinethanoffline.Forexample,justcomparethenumberofpeopleto37．youhavesentonlinemessageswiththatofthepeopleyou38．(meet)inthepasttwoweeks.However,therearenowmobileappswhichallowyou39．(connect)withstrangersonlineandthenmeetinperson,andI'mnottalkingaboutdatingapps!Rather,I'mreferringtoapps,whichhelptoconnectpeoplewithsimilar40．(interest)wholiveinthesamecity.Tobeginwith,getonlineandfindagroupthatinterestsyou.Then,simplyjoin41．group.Aslongasyou’reinagroupwithlike-mindedpeople,youwillbeabletoenjoy42．(do)thesameactivitiestogether.Youcandothi