非謂語動詞圖表

PAGEPAGE4非謂語在句中充當(dāng)除謂語以外的句子成分的動詞形式叫做非謂語動詞。非謂語動詞分為三種形式：不定式、動名詞和分詞（分詞包括現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞）邏輯主語與真正主語真正主語：謂語動作發(fā)出者，即真正主語。邏輯主語：非謂語動作的發(fā)出者或者承受者。構(gòu)成非謂語動詞句型的首要條件：邏輯主語與真正主語一致。Toacquireknowledge,youmuststudy解析：條件：此句真正主語：you邏輯主語：you主語一致。結(jié)論：可構(gòu)成非謂語句型非謂語使用條件一個句子當(dāng)中，已經(jīng)存在一個主句（謂語動詞）,又沒有連詞的情況下Shegotoffthebusbutleftherhandbagonherseat.Shegotoffthebus,leavingherhandbagonherseat.三種非謂語動詞形式句法功能比較功能種類主賓表定狀補(bǔ)不定式√√√√√√動名詞√√√√分詞√√√√非謂語動詞做主語的區(qū)別：區(qū)別舉例不定式不定式做主語常表示某次具體的行為或?qū)淼膭幼?。不定式做主語，一般用it當(dāng)形式主語，把作主語的不定式短語后置。TovisitChinaismynextgoal.Ittookmeonlyfiveminutestofinishthejob.動名詞動名詞做主語往往表示泛指的、一般的行為;Climbingmountainsisgreatfun.It’sniceseeingyouagain.1.________alanguagerequirestimeandeffort.A.LearnB.LearningC.TolearnD.Beinglearned2.Itisnotalwayseasy________invitations.A.torefuseB.refusingC.toberefused D.beingrefused3.How__________theproblemwillbediscussedattomorrow’smeeting.A.tosolve B.tobesolvedC.beingsolved D.solving4.It__________forty-fiveminutes__________therebybus.A.cost,toget B.takes,gettingC.takes,toget D.takes,togetto5.Itisnogood__________.Youshouldgive_________. A.tosmoke,itup B.smoking,itupC.smoking,upit D.tosmoke,upit 做賓語的非謂語動詞比較：情況常用動詞只接不定式做賓語的動詞agree(同意),ask(請、要),attempt(試圖),afford付得起agree同意ask要求apply申請care(想要),choose(決定、要),decide(決定),desire(希望),determine(決心),help幫助expect(期望),fail(未能),hope(希望),intend(打算),learn(學(xué)習(xí)),manage(設(shè)法),offer(愿意),plan(計(jì)劃、打算),pretend(假裝),refuse(拒絕、謝絕),wish(希望),promise(答應(yīng))，want（想要）等等。只接動名詞做賓語的動詞或短語admit承認(rèn)advise建議allow允許appreciate感激avoid避免consider考慮delay推遲deny否認(rèn)discuss討論dislike不喜歡enjoy喜愛escape逃脫excuse原諒fancy設(shè)想finish完成forbid禁止forgive原諒giveup放棄imagine想象keep保持mention提及mind介意miss沒趕上pardon原諒permit允許practice練習(xí)prevent阻止prohibit禁止putoff推遲risk冒險stop停止suggest建議beaddictedto沉溺于；對…上癮devoteoneselftodoingsth./bedevotedto

獻(xiàn)身于做某事/專心致力于做某事把…

beequaltodoingsth等于做某事，能勝任做某事

objecttodoingsth反對做某事payattentiontodoingsth注意做某事

beusedtodoingsth/

beaccustomedtodoing習(xí)慣于做某事

getdowntodoingsth開始做某事，認(rèn)真處理某事

lookforwardtodoingsth盼望做某事

makecontributionsto對…作貢獻(xiàn)A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.written5.Atpresent,Englishisthemainsubject___________here.A.tobetaughtB.beingtaughtC.teachingD.tobeteaching6."Whoarethosepeoplewiththebanner?""Agroup_______itselftheLeagueforpeace."A.callingB.callsC.calledD.iscalled7.Thepen__________belongstome.A.whichitisonthetableB.lyingonthetableC.isonthetableD.whichonthetable非謂語動詞做狀語的區(qū)別：與賓語的邏輯關(guān)系及時間概念例句不定式可表示目的，結(jié)果，原因。Theystoodbytheroadsidetotalkabouttheplan.Hisfamilywastoopoortosupporthim.Wearegladtohearthenews.現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，現(xiàn)在分詞的動作就是句子主語的動作，它們之間是主動關(guān)系。Hewentoutshuttingthedoorbehindhim.過去分詞過去分詞表示的動作是句子主語承受的動作，它們之間是被動關(guān)系。Givenmoreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.1.Ihaveenjoyedmyvisithere.I'llbeverysorry__________.A.forleavingB.ofleavingC.toleaveD.left2.Iwenttoseehim__________himout.A.findingB.findC.onlytofindD.onlyfound3.__________thecryforhelp,peopleimmediatelyrushedoutoftherooms.A.TohearB.HearingC.HavingheardD.Theyhearing4.__________Hello,hereachedouthishand.A.SaidB.SayingC.TalkedaboutD.Talkingto5._________fromthetallestbuilding,thewholecitylooksverybeautiful.A.SeeB.SawC.SeeingD.Seen6.___________thepast,ourlifeismuchbetter.A.ComparingwithB.BecomparedwithC.TocomparewithD.Comparedwith非謂語動詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別：常見動詞與賓語的邏輯關(guān)系及時間概念例句不定式ask,beg,expect,get,order,tell,want,wish,encourage主謂關(guān)系。強(qiáng)調(diào)動作將發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成。Iheardhimcallmeseveraltimes.have,notice,see,watch,hear,feel,let,make現(xiàn)在分詞notice,see,watch,hear,find,keep,have,feel主謂關(guān)系。強(qiáng)調(diào)動作正在進(jìn)行，尚未完成Ifoundherlisteningtotheradio.過去分詞動賓關(guān)系。動作已經(jīng)完成，多強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)Wefoundthevillagegreatlychanged.1.ThedoctoradvisedLaoLi__________morerest.A.thathegetB.togetC.wouldgetD.get2.Soontheysawtheboy_________inthecrowd.A.disappearB.todisappearC.disappearsD.disappeared3.Birdsareseldomheard__________atnight.A.singB.singingC.tosingD.tobesinging4.Hekeptme__________formanyhours.A.towaitB.havingbeenwaitedC.waitingD.waited5.Mothercaughttheboy__________inthecorner.A.smokeB.tosmokeC.smokingD.beingsmoked6.HavingreadtheEmperor'sNewClothes,weallfoundit___.A.interestB.interestedC.interestingD.tointerest7.Ineedthischapter__________beforetomorrow.A.rewritingB.rewrittenC.rewriteD.towriteagain8.Whenshereturnedhome,shefoundthewindowopenandsomething__________.A.tostealB.losingC.missedD.stolen9.Therewassomuchnoisethatthespeakercouldnotmakehimself_________.A.beingheardB.heardC.hearingD.hear非謂語動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)：不定式主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)與謂語動詞的關(guān)系一般式TodoTobedone動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之后進(jìn)行式Tobedoing與謂語動作同時發(fā)生完成式TohavedoneTohavebeendone動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前動名詞主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)與謂語動詞的關(guān)系一般式DoingBeingdone與謂語動作同時發(fā)生完成式HavingdoingHavingbeendone動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前現(xiàn)在分詞主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)與謂語動詞的關(guān)系一般式DoingBeingdone與謂語動作同時發(fā)生完成式HavingdoneHavingbeendone動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前1.aroundtheWaterCube,wewerethentakentoseetheBird’sNestforthe2008OlympicGames.

A.HavingshownB.Tobeshown

C.HavingbeenshownD.Toshow2.【2012重慶】______toworkovertimethatevening,Imissedawonderfulfilm.

A.HavingbeenaskedB.Toask

C.HavingaskedD.Tobeasked3.【2008福建】___inthequeenforhalfanhour,theoldmansuddenlyrealizedbehadleftthechequeinthecar.

A.WaitingB.Towait

C.HavingWaitedD.Tohavewaited4.Mysonpretended_______whenIcameback.

A.tosleepB.sleeping

C.beingsleeping D.tobesleeping5.【2011上海】Todaywehavechatrooms,textmessaging,emailing…,butweseem_____theartofcommunicatingface-to-face.

A.losingB.tobelosingC.tobelostD.havinglost6.Whoistheman____now?

A.operatingonB.operatedon

C.beingoperatedonD.tobeoperatedon7.Thequestion______nowatthemeetingisnotthequestion______yesterday.

A.discussed;discussed

B.discussing;haddiscussed

C.beingdiscussed;discussed

D.discussing;discussing8.Weasked___toworkinthecountryside.

A.tobesentB.tosend

C.tobesendingD.sending9._______aletter,hedecidedtosendatelegram.

A.NotreceivingB.Receivingnot

C.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived10Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier,______itmoredifficult.

A.notmakeB.nottomake

C.notmakingD.donotmake獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)1）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語與句子的主語不同，它獨(dú)立存在。

2）名詞或代詞與后面的分詞，形容詞，副詞，不定式，介詞等是主謂關(guān)系。

3）獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)一般有逗號與主句分開。Weather

permitting,

we

are

going

to

visit

you

tomorrow

The

test

finished,

we

began

our

holiday.

Withalotofthingstodo,heisquitebusy.

Withthosenoisesupstairs,Icouldn’tgotosleep.

1.WithallthemagazinesIneeded____,Ileftthepostoffice.

A.buyingB.tobuyC.boughtD.tobebought2.Withelectricity___,wecouldn’tdrivethemachine.

A.wascutoffB.beingcutoff

C.cutoffD.havingcutoff3.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwithhiswork________,hegladlyacceptedit.

A．finishedB．finishing

C．havingfinishedD．wasfinished4.Everything___intoconsideration,theybelievedthemselvesmoreandreturnedtot