英語被動語態(tài)專項訓(xùn)練-講解+句型轉(zhuǎn)換

中考被動語態(tài)專項訓(xùn)練-講解+句型轉(zhuǎn)換主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)一.概念:主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者,被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者。二.被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成：助動詞be+及物動詞的過去分詞三.被動語態(tài)的時態(tài):以為work例:1.一般現(xiàn)在時:am/is/are+worked2.一般過去時:was/were+worked3.一般將來時:shall/will+be+worked4.過去將來時:should/would+worked5.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時:am/is/are+being+worked6.過去進(jìn)行時:was/were+being+worked7.過去進(jìn)行時:was/were+being+worked8.現(xiàn)在完成時:have/has+been+worked9.過去完成時:had+been+worked10.將來完成時:shall/will+havebeen+worked11.過去將來完成時:should/would+havebeen+worked12.情態(tài)動詞(can/may/must/shouldetc.)+be+動詞的過去分詞四.用法：當(dāng)我們不知道誰是動作的執(zhí)行者或者沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者時或者只需強調(diào)動作的承受者時，要用被動語態(tài)。五.方法：ManypeoplespeakEnglish.(主動語態(tài))Englishisspokenbymanypeople.（被動語態(tài)）六.注意以下問題：A.帶有雙賓語的動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，可以把其中一個賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語，若將直接賓語(sth.)變?yōu)橹髡Z，須根據(jù)習(xí)慣在原間接賓語前加上介詞to或for.用to的常見詞有：give,show,send,lend,pass,pay,teach,throw,take,bringetc.用for的常見詞有：make,choose,sing,play,draw,save,buy,get,leave,cooketc.eg.1.Marygavehimsomebooks.HewasgivensomebooksbyMary.SomebooksweregiventohimbyMary.2.Herfatherboughtheranewbike.Shewasboughtanewbikebyherfather.Anewbikewasboughtforherbyherfather.B.帶復(fù)合賓語（賓語+賓語補足語）的動詞變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，只能將賓語變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的主語，賓語補足語不可變?yōu)橹髡Z。eg.1.WecallhimGina.HeiscalledGina(byus).2.Theymademehappy.Iwasmadehappy(bythem).3.Heaskedmetocomehere.Iwasaskedtocomehere(byhim)C.在see,let,make,hear,watchetc.動詞之后，作賓語補足語的動詞不定式不帶to，但在變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，則一定要加上to。eg.1.Wesawthemplayfootballjustnow.Theywereseentoplayfootballjustnow.2.WeoftenhearhersinginEnglish.SheisoftenheardtosinginEnglish.D.在某些“不及物動詞+介詞/副詞”(相當(dāng)于及物物動詞)的句子中，變被動語態(tài)時，注意不要丟掉介詞/副詞。eg.1.Peopleoftentalkaboutthatfilm.Thatfilmisoftentalkedabout.2.Weshouldspeaktotheoldpeoplepolitely.Theoldpeopleshouldbespokentopolitely.E.當(dāng)“動詞+賓語+賓語補足語”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，將賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，其余不動。

例如:Someone

caught

the

boy

smoking

a

cigarette.

可改為The

boy

was

caught

smoking

a

cigarette.F.need表示需要時，后面常接doing

形式表示被動意義，相當(dāng)于to

be

done

.

All

the

computers

need

repairing

.=

All

the

computers

need

_____

_____

_____

.被動語態(tài)專項練習(xí)1.AlargenumberofpeoplespeakFrenchinParis.French______________alargenumberofpeopleinParis.2.TheyproducesilkinSuzhou.Silk__________________inSuzhou.3.Does

he

clean

the

room

every

day?

______the

room______

______

______every

day?4.Weoftensingthissong.____________________________________________.5.Doeshecleantheroomeveryday?______theroom__________________everyday?6.Didhepaintthewindowred?______thewindow______________________?7.Mycousinrepairedthebrokenwatch.Thebrokenwatch______________mycousin.8.Theybuiltabridgebetweenthetwoislandslastyear.Abridge________________betweenthetwoislandslastyear.9.Wheredidtheyplanttrees?Where_________trees_________?10.Hebrokehisleginthematch.________________________.11.Wewillgiveabirthdaypartytomorrow.___________________________________________.12.Shewillsellherhousesoon.___________________________________________.13.Wewillbuildanewlibrarythisyear.Anewlibrary____________________by_______thisyear.14.PeoplearestillcuttingdowntoomanytreesintheUSA.______________________________________________________.15.Heisrepairingthemachine.___________________________________________.16.Aretheyteachingforeignlanguagesthere?______foreignlanguages________________there?17.Areyougoingtomakeanewplane?____anewplane_____________________?18.Hehasfinishedhiswork.________________________________________.19.Havetheyfinishedthenewproject?______thenewproject_____________by______?20.Weshouldplantthetreesaroundthelake.Thetrees________________aroundthelake.21.Youcanborrowtwobooksatatime.Twobooks___________________________atatime.22.Wecallmathsthelanguageofscience.Maths__________________thelanguageofscience.23.Theteachermadethestudentscopythetext.Thestudents___________________________copythetext.24.SomeonesawJohncrossthestreetjustnow.John___________________________thestreetjustnowbysomeone.25.The

boss

made

the

workers

work

all

day

The

workers

____

____

____

work

all

day

by

the

boss.

26.He

gave

me

a

book

I

______

______

a

book

by

him.

A

book

____

____

_____

me

by

him

.

27.My

mother

made

me

a

cake

.

I

____

_____

a

cake

by

my

mother

A

cake

____

____

____

me

by

my

mother

.

28.

I

heard

Tom

singing

just

now

Tom

_____

_____

_____

by

me

just

now

.

29.We

should

take

care

of

the

old

.

The

old

should

______

_____

_____

_____

.30.Myauntboughtmeapresentonmybirthday.I_________apresentbymyauntonmybirthday.Apresent______________mebymyauntonmybirthday.二、英語書面表達(dá)專項訓(xùn)練2．安全對每個人都很重要。請根據(jù)以下信息內(nèi)容提示，寫一篇關(guān)于校園安全的英語小短文。提示：1.體育鍛煉2.上下樓梯3.交朋結(jié)友4.食品衛(wèi)生要求：1.語句通順，表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確，內(nèi)容連貫；2．短文可以適當(dāng)發(fā)揮；但要包含以上要點。3．詞數(shù)：80—100詞。短文開頭已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。Safetyhasbecomethefocustousall.Howtobesafeatschoolisespeciallyimportanttousstudents.________________________________________________________【答案】Safetyhasbecomethefocustousall.Howtobesafeatschoolisespeciallyimportanttousstudents.First,weshouldtakecarenottogetourselvesinjuredwhilewearehavingsports.Second,Therearetoomanystudentsatschool,andourhallwaysaretoonarrow.Sodon’tcrowdwitheachotherespeciallywhenwegoupstairsordownstairs.Ortheremaybeanaccident.Besides,weshouldbefriendlyandgetonwellwithothers,don’tquarrelorevenfight.Lastbutnotleast,Weshouldbecarefultoeathealthyfoodandkeepawayfromjunkfood,whichisharmfultoourhealth.Inaword,it'simportanttoremembertheseforusall.【解析】這是一篇給材料作文。結(jié)合要點提示，可知本文主要從三個方面進(jìn)行敘述，注意圍繞要點組織材料，適當(dāng)發(fā)揮。根據(jù)材料內(nèi)容確定主要句子的時態(tài)，及句式等重要內(nèi)容。寫作中注意語義通順，符合邏輯關(guān)系。上下文之間可以適當(dāng)使用連接詞。3．假如你是LiuBin，請用英語給筆友Bob回復(fù)郵件。注意：1.文中不得出現(xiàn)你的真實姓名和學(xué)校名稱；2.要點齊全，語言通順，意思連貫，條理清楚，書寫規(guī)范；3.詞數(shù)100左右，郵件的開頭與結(jié)尾已經(jīng)給出，不計入總詞數(shù)。DearBob,I’mverygladtoknowthatyouwillcometoourschool.Yours,LiuBin【答案】DearBob,I'mverygladtoknowthatyouwillcometoourschool.Letmetellyousomethingaboutit.Ourschoolisverybigandourclassroomisverytidy.Wegotoschoolfivedaysaweekandhavesixclasseseveryday.Thereisalsoanactivityclassintheafternoon.UsuallyItakeexerciseafterschoolsothatIcankeephealthyandstudybetter.SometimesIlistentothemusicforawhile,whichisagoodwaytorelaxmyself.Ofcourse,Ihelpmyparentswiththehouseworkattheweekendstoo.Myclassmatesareverynice.Weoftenhelpeachother.Everyonehashisownwaytodothings,soweshouldunderstandeachother.Besides,itisimportantforustocommunicatewitheachotherandshareourhappinessandsadness.I'mlookingforwardtoyourcoming.Yours,LiuBin【解析】【詳解】這篇短文使用了大量的固定句式和短語，為文章增色不少，如begladto，listentothemusic，fivedaysaweek，sothat，preparefor，forawhile，ofcourse，attheweekends，helpeachother，lookforwardto等。而固定句型itisimportantforustocommunicatewitheachotherandshareourhappinessandsadness.和I'mverygladtoknowthatyouwillcometoourschool./UsuallyItakeexerciseafterschoolsothatIcankeephealthyandstudybetter./SometimesIlistentothemusicforawhile,whichisagoodwaytorelaxmyself.等復(fù)雜從句結(jié)構(gòu)的運用，豐富了短文內(nèi)容，使表達(dá)多樣化，是本文的亮點。在學(xué)習(xí)中注意總結(jié)牢記一些固定句式及短語，寫作時就可以適當(dāng)引用，使文章表達(dá)更有邏輯性，也更富有條理?！军c睛】書面表達(dá)題既不是漢譯英，也不是可任意發(fā)揮的作文。它要求將所規(guī)定的材料內(nèi)容經(jīng)整理后展開思維，考查運用所學(xué)英語知識準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)意思的能力。所以，考生不能遺漏要點，要盡量使用自己熟悉的單詞、短語和句式，盡可能使用高級詞匯和較復(fù)雜的句式結(jié)構(gòu)以便得到較高的分?jǐn)?shù)。4．假如你是班長李華，今天你們班對即將到來的暑假計劃進(jìn)行了討論。你們班的外教David對此很感興趣。請你根據(jù)以下信息，給David寫一封電子郵件，告訴他討論的情況及你自己本人的計劃及原因。比例計劃原因50%去國內(nèi)外旅游1.放松;2.欣賞美景30%多讀一些書1.增長知識；2.培養(yǎng)興趣20%參加社會實踐1.鍛煉自己;2.結(jié)識朋友你的計劃?(至少一個)？（請你補充）注意：(1)郵件應(yīng)包含所有要點(2)詞數(shù)80個左右(開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入詞數(shù))；(3)不得透露學(xué)校、姓名等任何個人信息，否則不予評分注：社會實踐socialpracticeactivitiesDearDavidI'mwritingtotellyousomethingaboutourdiscussiontoday.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Bestwishes!YoursLiHua【答案】DearDavidI'mwritingtotellyousomethingaboutourdiscussiontoday.Thestudentshavetheirownplansabouthowtospendameaningfulsummervacation.Halfofthestudentsplantotravelathomeandabroad.Theywanttorelaxandenjoythebeautifulscenery.Thirtypercentofstudentsplantoreadmorebooks.Theybelievethatreadingcanincreaseknowledge.Readingbookscanmakepeoplesmartanddevelopinterests.20%ofthemplantotakepartinsocialpracticeactivities.Theywanttoexercisethemselvesandmakenewfriends.I'mgoingtotakepartinsocialpracticeactivities,too.Iwanttolearnsomethingnewandgetgoodexperiencefromtheseactivities.Bestwishes!YoursLiHua【解析】【詳解】這篇短文使用了大量的固定句式和短語，為文章增色不少，如howtodo，spendameaningfulsummervacation，halfof，plantodo，travelathomeandabroad，enjoythebeautifulscenery，takepartin，socialpracticeactivities，makenewfriends等。而非謂語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)Thestudentshavetheirownplansabouthowtospendameaningfulsummervacation./Readingbookscanmakepeoplesmartanddevelopinterests.和賓語從句Theybelievethatreadingcanincreaseknowledge.的運用，豐富了短文內(nèi)容，使表達(dá)多樣化，是本文的亮點。在學(xué)習(xí)中注意總結(jié)牢記一些固定句式及短語，寫作時就可以適當(dāng)引用，使文章表達(dá)更有邏輯性，也更富有條理。【點睛】書面表達(dá)題既不是漢譯英，也不是可任意發(fā)揮的作文。它要求將所規(guī)定的材料內(nèi)容經(jīng)整理后展開思維，考查運用所學(xué)英語知識準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)意思的能力。所以，考生不能遺漏要點，要盡量使用自己熟悉的單詞、短語和句式，盡可能使用高級詞匯和較復(fù)雜的句式結(jié)構(gòu)以便得到較高的分?jǐn)?shù)。5．書面表達(dá)根據(jù)要求完成短文寫作，請將作文寫在答題卡指定的位置上。每年春節(jié)，每個孩子都能收到來自長輩的壓歲錢（luckymoney）。隨著生活水平的提高，大部分孩子得到越來越多的壓歲錢，有些甚至通過微信(WeChat)或支付寶(Alipay)收壓歲錢。同學(xué)們該如何管理自己的錢，讓自己的錢用得更有意義？請結(jié)合自己的實際寫一篇文章，詞數(shù)80詞以上，文中不能出現(xiàn)真實校名和人名。內(nèi)容包括如下：1.你的壓歲錢的來源和用途；2.對合理使用壓歲錢的建議（至少3點）；3.呼吁大家節(jié)約用錢，把自己的壓歲錢用在最需要、最有意義的地方。【答案】EverySpringFestivalIreceivealotofluckymoneyfrommyparentsandrelatives.NowIevengetitthroughWeChatorAlipay.Iusuallybuysomeofmyfavoritebooks,schoolthingsandsomefancyclothes.SometimesIalsobuysomegiftsformyparents.Inordertomakegooduseoftheluckymoney,Ithinkwecandothefollowingthings.First,weshouldsavepartofthemoneyforourstudyinsteadofwastingitonvideogames.Second,itisagoodideatobuysomethingusefulforourparentsorteacherssothatwecanshowourlovetothem.Whatismore,whynotdonateourluckymoneytothepoorkidsinneed?Helpingothersmakesushappy.Allinall,letusmanageourluckymoneyproperly.Weshoulduseourmoneyinameaningfulway.【解析】【詳解】每年春節(jié)，每個孩子都能收到來自長輩的壓歲錢（luckymoney）。隨著生活水平的提高，大部分孩子得到越來越多的壓歲錢，有些甚至通過微信(WeChat)或支付寶(Alipay)收壓歲錢。同學(xué)們該如何管理自己的錢，讓自己的錢用得更有意義？這是一篇給材料作文，本題所給材料比較詳細(xì)，寫作中注意將所給內(nèi)容表達(dá)出來，不能逐字翻譯。通過閱讀材料可知這篇短文主要使用的人稱就是第一人稱，時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)，注意謂語動詞的變化。動筆前可以按照材料內(nèi)容列出簡單提綱，寫作中注意語義通順，符合邏輯關(guān)系。上下文之間可以適當(dāng)使用連接詞?！军c睛】文章使用了很好的短語和句子：Inordertomakegooduseoftheluckymoney,Ithinkwecandothefollowingthings.First,weshouldsavepartofthemoneyforourstudyinsteadofwastingitonvideogames.這些給文章增色不少。6．Agoodbookisimportanttome要求：1.緊扣主題，意思連貫，語言通順，書寫規(guī)范。2.不得使用真實姓名和校名，如需使用名字，請用Mike,Gina等英文名字;校名統(tǒng)一使用GuangmingMiddleSchool。3.詞數(shù)不少于60?！敬鸢浮緼goodbookisimportantforme.Itcannotonlyhelpbroadenmyhorizons,butalsogivemeinspiration.Fromthegoodbook,Icanlearnwhatothersthink,andtheirviewsabouttheworld.What’smore,Icanevenlivetheirlives,whicharetotallydifferentfrommine.Forme,agoodbookisreallylikeagoodfriend,whocanteachmehowtosolvetheproblemswhenIamintrouble.Agoodbookhelpsmealot,anditisquiteimportantformeinmylife.【解析】【分析】本題是命題作文，根據(jù)題目一本好書對我是重要的，自己寫相關(guān)內(nèi)容，可以是你讀了什么書，該書對你產(chǎn)生了什么影響。也可以是一本好書為什么對你來說是重要的?！驹斀狻勘酒恼轮饕獜臑槭裁磳ξ抑匾@個角度來寫。文章時態(tài)主要用一般現(xiàn)在時，人稱為第一人稱。題目并沒有給過多的提示信息，所以需要學(xué)生自己思索行文內(nèi)容。在寫作時，注意緊扣主題，連句成篇，要層次清楚，要點分明，中心突出。同時要注意語言的表述應(yīng)該符合語法的結(jié)構(gòu)，造句應(yīng)該符合英語的表達(dá)習(xí)慣；盡量使用自己熟悉的單詞句式，最好不要寫太長的復(fù)合句；盡量選取簡單的易拼寫的單詞，確保正確率；詞匯、句式要豐富多樣，可以為文章增色添彩。最后要細(xì)心復(fù)核檢查，確保正確無誤?！军c睛】首先認(rèn)真審題，看清題目中的要求和要點；然后根據(jù)提示內(nèi)容，列出寫作要點及每個要點中可能要用到的表達(dá)；然后緊扣要點，動筆寫作，在寫作過程中，要注意句與句、段與段之間的過渡，必要時可適當(dāng)運用表示轉(zhuǎn)折、因果、并列、比較等關(guān)系的連詞，使文章過渡平穩(wěn)，自然流暢；最后，要仔細(xì)檢查有無單詞拼寫錯誤、標(biāo)點符號誤用等，還要檢查語法結(jié)構(gòu)是否合理，有無重復(fù)、啰嗦的語言，大小寫是否正確，詞數(shù)是否符合要求等。7．你校正在舉辦以“社會主義核心價值觀”為主題的英語演講比賽，你準(zhǔn)備從“和善”這一點展開論述，請根據(jù)提示，以“Kindnessisagift”為題，寫一篇英語演講稿。要求：1）表達(dá)清楚，語法正確，上下文連貫；2）必須包括提示中所有信息，并適當(dāng)發(fā)揮；3）詞數(shù)：100詞左右（開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計入總詞數(shù)）；4）不得使用真實姓名、校名和地名等。KindnessisagiftDearclassmates,Ithinkkindnessisaspecialgifttoeveryone.Howcanweshowittoothersinourdailylife?That’sallformyspeech.Thankyou!【答案】例文Dearclassmates,Ithinkkindnessisaspecialgifttoeveryone.Howcanweshowittoothersinourdailylife?Whenwe’reathome,it’simportanttoshowourrespecttoourparents.Helpingthemdosomehouseworkwillmakeusclosetoeachother.Weshouldalsobekindenoughtoourneighboursinourneighborhood.Whilethey’reawayfromhome,wecankeepaneyeontheirhouses.Atschool,tellourclassmatestoaskforhelpwhenevertheyneed.Ifoneofthemisabsentfromschool,wecanhelpthemwiththelesson.Onthebus,weshouldtakecareoftheelderlybygivingthemourseats.Andoncethereissomeonewhotriestofightwiththebusdriver,it’sbetterforustostophim.Ihopeeveryonecanbekindtootherssothatwecanliveinaworldfulloflove.That’sallformyspeech.Thankyou!【解析】【詳解】你校正在舉辦以“社會主義核心價值觀”為主題的英語演講比賽，你準(zhǔn)備從“和善”這一點展開論述，請根據(jù)提示，以“Kindnessisagift”為題，寫一篇英語演講稿。內(nèi)容要求中指出了寫作要點，動筆前一定要認(rèn)真閱讀內(nèi)容要點，根據(jù)內(nèi)容要點組織材料，確定句子人稱，時態(tài)等問題?？梢韵劝迅饕c用句子表達(dá)出來，然后再組合成文。寫作中注意語意通順，符合邏輯關(guān)系，為了使短文更顯得有邏輯性，在列舉自己的優(yōu)勢時，可以適當(dāng)使用序數(shù)詞。舉出的例子要有說服力，想象合理并適當(dāng)發(fā)揮，不能遺漏要點。注意采用一些習(xí)慣的句式，固定短語，以使自己的演講稿更有文采。寫完后多讀幾遍，適當(dāng)修改?！军c睛】這是一篇非常優(yōu)秀的文章，作者用到了一些好的句型：it’simportanttoshowourrespecttoourparents.Helpingthemdosomehouseworkwillmakeusclosetoeachother.；Ifoneofthemisabsentfromschool,wecanhelpthemwiththelesson.這些給文章增色不少。8．書面表達(dá)校園安全問題越來越受到重視，為了確保學(xué)生的安全，學(xué)校制訂了一些規(guī)章制度。請根據(jù)提示內(nèi)容，以“Schoolsafety”為題寫一篇100詞左右的英語短文。提示：1.遵守校規(guī)，按時到校、離校；2.不接受陌生人的物品；3.結(jié)伴同行，天黑前到家；4.遇到麻煩及時告知家長和老師。Schoolsafety_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】SchoolsafetyMoreandmorepeoplepayspecialattentiontotheschoolsafetynowadays.Herearesomerulestokeepussafe.First,asstudents,weshouldfollowtheschoolrules,suchasnotbeinglateforschoolandleavingschoolearly.Second,weshouldn’tgowithstrangersandweshouldn’tacceptthingsfromstrangers.Third,it’sbetterforustohavepartnersonthewayhomeandtoschoolandwemustgethomebeforedark.Fourth,ifweareintrouble,don’tforgettotellourparentsorteachersassoonaspossible.Ithinktheserulesaregoodforus.Wemustobeythem.【解析】【詳解】這是一篇話題作文，根據(jù)材料中的相關(guān)信息介紹一下校園安全。所提供的材料中列舉了為了確保學(xué)生的安全，學(xué)校制訂了一些規(guī)章制度。主要從1.遵守校規(guī)，按時到校、離校；2.不接受陌生人的物品；3.