2024年高考英語復(fù)習(xí)跳出題海醫(yī)療知識（模擬篇）（原卷版）第一輯

優(yōu)點英語英語教材·單元主題語境專題訓(xùn)練醫(yī)療知識---模擬篇（原卷版）【2022屆河北省石家莊市高中畢業(yè)班教學(xué)質(zhì)量檢測（一）】Whensomeonedamagestheirbackbone,theinjurycanleavethemparalyzed(癱瘓).Now,scientistshavegiventhreeparalyzedmentheabilitytowalkagain,thankstoanimplanteddevice.Thehumanbackbone,orspine,doesn’tjusthelpusstandupstraight.Insideisthespinalcord,whichcarriesimportantinformationbetweentheheadandthelowerpartofthebody.Thisinformationmovesaroundasburstsofelectricitytravelingbetweenthebrainandtheotherpartsofthebody.Whenthespinalcordishurt,thispathwaygetsdamagedandtheycan’tmovetheirlegs.NowscientistsinSwitzerlandhavegiventhreeparalyzedmentheabilitytowalkagain.Tohelpthemwalkagain,themenhadsurgery.Aspecialdevicewasplaceddirectlyonthelowerpartoftheirspinalcord,belowtheirinjury.This“implant”containedsixteenelectrodes,whicharesmallobjectsthatelectricitycanpassthrough.Theresearchersmadesuretheelectrodeswerelinedupwithnervesthatcontrolthelegmuscles.Thescientistscontrolledtheimplantsfromatabletcomputer.Thepatient’sbrainsaren’tsending“walking”messagestotheirlegs.Instead,thetablettellstheimplanttosendthewalkingmessages.Theresearchersusedcomputerstogeneratepatternsofmovement,liketakingastep.Thepatientthenusesthetablettochoosethepatternandthemusclesmoveinthechosenway.Overtime,themenwereabletowalkusingaspecialwalkerwithbuttonstocontroleachleg.Thesolutionisn’tperfect.It’sveryexpensive,itrequiresdifficultsurgery,andthepatientscan’twalkwithoutthesystem.Butthescientistsarehopefulthatinthefuture,thissortoftechnologywillallowmanyparalyzedpeopletobegintowalkagaininjusthours.1.What'sthemainfunctionofthespinalcord?A.Itservesasamessagecarrier. B.Ithelpspeoplestandupstraight.C.Ittakescontrolofthemuscles. D.Itproducessignalsformovements.2.Whatistheimplanteddeviceexpectedtodo?A.Activatethedamagednerves. B.Identifythepositionoftheinjury.C.Testthedegreeofthedamage. D.Bridgethenervegapmadebytheinjury.3.WhatisParagraph4mainlyabout?A.Howthesurgeryisperformed. B.Howthedeviceworksonpatients.C.Howthepatientswalkwithoutaid. D.Howmovementpatternsaredesigned.4.Whichcanbethebesttitleofthetext?A.Damagednervesrecoveraftersurgery.B.Tabletsareusedinamedicaltreatment.C.Implanthelpstheparalyzedwalkagain.D.Scientistsmadeadiscoveryonbackbones.【2022屆遼寧省沈陽市重點高中聯(lián)合體高三下學(xué)期第一次模擬】Myopia,ornearsightedness,isacommoneyeconditioninwhichyoucanseeobjectsneartoyouclearly,butobjectsfartherawayareblurry.Toseethefartherclearly,youhavetheoptionofwearingeyeglasses,orundergoingthemoreinvasiverefractivesurgery(屈光手術(shù)).ButJapan’sKubotaPharmaceuticalHoldingsclaimstohavedevelopedsmartglassesthat,ifwornjustanhourperday,cancuremyopia.Itprojectsanimageontothewearers’retina(視網(wǎng)膜)tocorrecttherefractiveerrorthatcausesnearsightedness.Obviously,wearingthedevice60to90minutesadaycorrectsmyopia.SohowdoesthetechnologydevelopedbyKubotaworkexactly?Well,accordingtoacompanypressreleasefromDecemberoflastyear,thespecialglassesrelyonmicro-LEDStoprojectvirtualimagesonthevisualfieldtomaketheretinaactive.Apparently,itcandothatwithoutaffectingthewearer’sdailyactivities.FoundedbyDr.RyoKubota,KubotaPharmaceuticalHoldingsisstilltestingthedevice,knownasKubotaGlasses,andtryingtodeterminehowlongtheeffectlastsaftertheuserwearsthedevice.Andhowmuchtheugly-lookingglasseshavetobewornforthecorrectiontobepermanent.KubotaPharmaceuticalHoldingsbegantestingtheglassesinthesummeroflastyear,andiscurrentlyconductingtestsonabout25peopleintheU.Stoassesstheeffectivenessofitssmartglasses.ThecompanyplanstobeginsellingthedeviceinAsiainthesecondhalfof2021,wheretherearemorenearsightedpeople,butithasplanstoenterothermarketsinthefuture.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“blurry”meaninthefirstparagraph?A.Familiar B.Different C.Impressive D.Unclear2.Whatdoesthethirdparagraphmainlytalkabout?A.Theeffectofwearingthesmartglasses. B.Thedisadvantagesofthesmartglasses.C.Theworkingprincipleofthesmartglasses. D.Thecorrectwayofwearingthesmartglasses.3.WhydoesthecompanydecidetoselltheglassesfirstinAsia?A.ItwantstoservetheAsiansbetter. B.TheseglassesaremoresuitableforAsians.C.ScientificdevelopmentisslowerinAsia. D.ThereismoremarketdemandinAsia.4.Whatisthepurposeofwritingthetext?A.Tosolveaproblem. B.Tointroduceanewproduct.C.Toopresentaresearchresult. D.Togivepracticaladvice.【2022屆河北省九師聯(lián)盟高三下學(xué)期3月質(zhì)量檢測聯(lián)考】Nowadays,weareveryworriedaboutsuchCOVID-19variantsasDeltaandOmicron.Torelieveouranxieties,weshouldhavealookatourowncellandtheoriginalCOVID-19virus.Firstofall,ourcellisn’tstupid.Ifanyviruswantstoenterourcell,itmustfigureoutawayforitsspike(觸手)toholdtightlytothespikeonthecell’ssurface.Youcanimaginethisconnectingasasecrethandshake.Attheearlystage,theCOVID-19virusfiguredoutawaytoconnecttoaspecificspikeonthesurfaceofhumancell,calledACE2.Buttheconnectingwasn’tperfect.However,itwasgoodenoughtotricktheACE2toletitin.Oncetheviruswasinsidethecell,itkeptcopyingitselfinordertofindmorecellstoinfect.Duringthistime,theimmune(免疫)systemstartedmakingantibodiestofightback.Someofthoseantibodiesactedlikelittlecapsthatsticktotheendsofthevirus’sspike.Once“capped”,theinfectioncouldn’tmoveforward,andthebodywon!Buteverytimetheviruscopiesitselfinsideacell,ithasthechanceofchangingitsspikesslightly.Mostofthevariationsareactuallyharmfultothevirus.Sothesevariantsdisappear.However,oncethevirushitsuponasetofvariationsthatactuallyhelpthevirustoconnectmoretightlytothecellormorequickly,aperson’scellgetsinfectedmoreeasily.Thenwhatabouttheantibodies?Aren’ttheycomingtosaveusagain?Well,yes...andno.Scientistsfoundthatapersonwhowasinfectedwiththeearlierversionofthevirusmaynotbeprotectedaswellagainstthesenewvariants.Hestillcanbeinfected,again.However,theantibodies’spikescomeindifferentshapes,too.Soeventhoughsomeantibodiesbecomelessuseful,otherswillgetthejobdone—oratleast,holdbacktheinfectionlongenoughsothebodycanmakenewantibodiesthatfitperfectlyonthechangedspike.1.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"it"inparagraph2referto?A.Thevirus. B.Thecell.C.Thespike. D.Theconnection.2.Whatisthefifthparagraphmainlyabout?A.Howavirusentersthehumancell.B.Howaviruscopiesitselfinsideacell.C.Whytheimmunesystemcanfightback.D.Whyvirusvariantshavedifferentinfectionrates.3.Whatcanbelearnedfromthetext?A.COVID-19variantswillbecomemoreandmoreinfectious.B.ItisunlikelyforCOVID-19patientstogetinfectedagain.C.Oldantibodiesmightbelesseffectiveagainstnewvariants.D.ItishopelesstogetridoftheCOVID-19inthenearfuture.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.WorriesAbouttheCOVID-19VariantsB.ASimpleGuidetoCOVID-19VariantsC.TheDangeroftheDeadlyCOVID-19VirusD.WaystoProtectOurselvesFromCOVID-19Virus【江蘇省鎮(zhèn)江市、南通市（通州區(qū)、啟東市）2021~2022學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量監(jiān)測，C】Combiningknowledgeofchemistry,physics,biology,andengineering,scientistsfromMcGillUniversitydevelopabiomaterialtoughenoughtorepairtheheart,muscles,andvocalcords,representingamajoradvanceinmedicine.“Peoplerecoveringfromheartdamageoftenfacealongandtrickyjourney.Healingischallengingbecauseoftheconstantmovementtissuesmustwithstand(承受)astheheartbeats.Thesameistrueforvocalcords.Untilnowtherewasnoinjectable(可注射的)materialstrongenoughforthejob,"saysGuangyuBao,aPhDcandidateintheDepartmentofMechanicalEngineeringatMcGillUniversity.Theteam,ledbyProfessorLucMongeauandAssistantProfessorJianyuLi,developedanewinjectablehydrogel(水凝膠)forwoundrepair,whichisatypeofbiomaterialthatprovidesroomforcellstoliveandgrow.Onceinjectedintothebody,thebiomaterialformsastablestructureallowinglivecellstogroworpassthroughtorepairtheinjuredorgans.“Theresultsarepromising,andwehopethatonedaythenewhydrogelwillbeusedtorestorethevoiceofpeoplewithdamagedvocalcords,"saysGuangyuBao.Thescientiststestedthedurabilityoftheirhydrogelinamachinetheydevelopedtocopytheextremebiomechanicsofhumanvocalcords.Vibrating(振動)at120timesasecondforover6millioncycles,thenewbiomaterialremainedundamagedwhileotherstandardhydrogelsbrokenintopieces,unabletodealwiththestressoftheload.“Wewereincrediblyexcitedtoseeitworkedperfectlyinourtest.Beforeourwork,noinjectablehydrogelspossessedbothhighporosityandtoughnessatthesametime.Tosolvethisissue,weintroducedapore-formingpolymertoourformula(配方),”saysGuangyuBao.Theinnovationopensnewwaysofmakingprogressforotherapplicationsliketissueengineering.TheteamisalsolookingtousethehydrogeltechnologytocreatelungstotestCOVID-19drugs.1.Whydidtheresearchersdevelopthenewbiomaterial?A.Toexperienceajourney. B.Torepairwound.C.Torepresentanadvance. D.Toreplaceorgans.2.Whatisuniqueofthebiomaterialcomparedtoothermaterials?A.Itisheavier. B.Itismorebreakable.C.Itischangeable. D.Itismoreinjectable.3.Whatmighttheresearchersdonextaboutthebiomaterial?A.Makeartificialorgansfordrugtest.B.Tryhardtoincreaseitstoughness.C.ApplyittothecureofCOVID-19.D.Adjusttheirformulatoimproveit.4.Whattheauthor'spurposeofwritingthispassage?A.Toshowhisrespecttotheresearchers.B.Tostresstheimportanceofinnovation.C.Topromotethesalesofanewhydrogel.D.Tointroduceanewly-developedmaterial.【武漢市武昌區(qū)2021-2022學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期1月質(zhì)量檢測，C】Doyouwanttolevelupyourmask-wearingwhilealsolookinglikeyou’reabouttobattlewithBatman?Thisislife-wearingRazerZephyr,awearableairpurifier.AversionofRazer’slatestappliancemadewavesinJanuaryduringtheConsumerElectronicsShow.It’snosurprisethattechcompaniesareconsideringaleapbeyondtheclothandsurgicalmasksthathavecometodefinetheCOVID-19pandemic.Ithasahardshellwithtwobeltstofitontoyourhead.Therearetwoairexchangechambers（腔）onthefront,featuringdoublecirculatingfanstohelpcirculatecoolair.ThechambersfeatureN95filters（過濾器）providingtwo-wayprotectionforyourselfandthosearoundyou.It’salsotransparent（透明的）withinsidelightsandananti-fogcoatingtohelpsolveoneofthekeyissueswithmask-wearing:watchingmouthsmovewhenyouspeak.Goodasthemaskappears,willitprotectyoufromCOVID-19?AccordingtoRazer,themaskisregisteredwiththeFoodandDrugAdministrationandlabtestedfor99%BFE,orBacterialFiltrationEfficiency,ameasureofhowwellitfiltersoutbacteria.“ItisnottestedspecificallyagainsttheCOVID-19virus,butoffersthesamefunctionalityandadequateprotectionduetoits99%BFErating,"Razer’swebsitesays.There’salsothefinancialcosttoconsider.Themaskitselfis$99,andRazersellsapackof10setsofN95filtersfor$30.Bycomparison,aquicksearchforsurgicalmasksonAmazonturnedupaboxof50masksforbetween$11-$14.“I’vetriedoutthe$99Zephyrforroughlyaweeknow.WearingtheZephyrfeelscomfortable.Theadjustableheadstraps（帶）allowfortheidealfit.Aboveall,itfeelsbreathablethankstotheaircirculatingthroughitsfans.”onecommentedonAmazon.1.WhyistheZephyrmadetransparent?A.Tofixlightsinside. B.Tocirculatecoolair.C.Totesttheanti-fogcoating. D.Toexposemouthmovement.2.WhatcanbeinferredfromthethirdparagraphabouttheZephyr?A.It’sofficiallyapproved. B.It’shighlyratedbyconsumers.C.It’sspeciallydesignedagainstcovid-19. D.It’sadequatelyprotectiveagainstallviruses.3.Whatprobablyappeal(s)tothebuyermostaccordingtothecomment?A.Itsadjustablefans. B.Itsaircirculatingsystem.C.Itscomfortableheadstraps. D.Itshighbutreasonableprice.4.Whatisthebesttitleforthepassage?A.AnInnovativeMaskMakesaHit B.SurgicalMasksAreBeingImprovedC.WearableTechnologyChangesOurLife D.ANewTreatmentforCovid-19IsontheWay【廣東省肇慶市2021-2022學(xué)年高三上學(xué)期第二次模擬，D】Thestomachisanextremelystrongorgan,fullofacidtobreakdowneachmeal.Inordertopreventthisacidfromburningaholeinourstomachsanddamagingotherorgans,ourstomachlining（胃黏膜）isspeciallyadaptedtocontaintheacidsafely.H.pylori（幽門螺旋桿菌）areabletoliveinthestomachbylivinginthelining,safefromharshstomachacid.Thesebacteriaareactuallyprettycommoninpeople,approximatelyathirdofAustralianshaveH.pyloriintheirbodies,butnotallhavesymptoms.Thebacteriacaneventuallycreateinfectioninstomachlining,aconditionknownasgastritis,bywearingawaytheliningandallowingstomachacidtoburnawaystomachtissue,causingpainfululcers.Upuntilthe1980s,itwasthoughtthatbacteriacouldnotsurviveinstomachacid.Thecauseofstomachulcerswasduetolifestylechoices:stress,smoking,spicyfoods;thestomachacidwasbreakingthroughtheliningonitsown.Thisbeliefwasfirstquestionedin1979byRobinWarren,anAustralianpathologist,whofoundbacteriaonamicroscopeslidecontainingthestomachliningofapatientwithgastritis.IntheyearsthatfollowedWarrencontinuedhisresearch.WarrenthenteamedupwithBarryMarshallin1981andthetwocontinuedwiththeresearch,tryingtoseparatethemysterybacteriaandfindacure.Overthenextthreeyears,theytestedtheirtheorieswithsomepositiveresults;however,theideathatbacteriacouldbethecauseofgastritiswasnotwidelyacceptedorevenacknowledged.Finally,fedupwithbeingignoredandconfidentinhisfindings,BaryMarshalldecidedtotestonhimself.HeinfectedhimselfwithH.pyloriandsoondevelopedgastritisandterriblestomachulcers.Marshallthenbegantocurehimselfbytakingadoseofantibiotics.Thisonceandforallprovednotonlythatbacteriacouldgrowinstomachacid,butitcouldalsocausegastritisandstomachulcers.Eventually,theworldfullyacknowledgedWarrenandMarshall’shugecontributiontoscienceandmedicineandthetwowereawardedtheNobelprizeinMedicinein2005,twenty-sixyearsafterRobinWarrenfirstbeganhisresearch.1.WecanlearnfromthetextthatH.pyloriareakindof________.A.organs B.infections C.bacteria D.symptoms2.WhichofthefollowingwasNOTpeople’sinitialbeliefsaboutgastritis?A.Lifestylechoicescausedstomachulcers.B.Stomachacidcouldbreakthroughtheliningonitsown.C.Bacteriacouldn’tsurviveinthestomach.D.Somebacteriacancreateinfectionbyburningawaystomachtissue.3.HowdidBarryMarshallprovethatH.pyloricausedgastritis?A.Choosingunhealthylifestyles. B.IntroducingH.pyloritohisownstomach.C.Findingthebacteriaonstomachlining. D.GrowingH.pyloriinthelab.4.Thetextismostlikelywrittento________.A.chemists B.patients C.researchers D.thegeneralpublic【重慶市名校聯(lián)盟2021-2022學(xué)年高三下學(xué)期第一次聯(lián)考，C】Elizabethwouldn’twalkortalkasaninfant.Angela’sleftlegwassoenlargedthatithurttostand.Emmaneededabreathingmachinejusttosleep.Theirsufferingmaytakedifferentforms,buttheirstoriesshareacommonthread:Neithertheynortheirfamiliesknewwhatwasactuallycausingtheseissues.ThosecasesarepreciselywheretheUndiagnosedDiseasesNetwork(UDN)stepsin.Establishedin2008,theUDN’smissionistoprovideanswersforpatientswithdiseasesthatdoctorsareunabletodiagnose.AnyonecanapplytotheprogramandtheUDNworkshardtoscreeneveryapplicationitreceives.Today,theUDNcovers12clinicalsitesaroundthecountry,andhasevaluatedover1,400patients.Morethan400ofthosepatientshavereceivedadiagnosisthankstotheUDN.Insomeofthesecases,thenetworkisabletomatchapatientwithanalreadyknowncondition.Inothers,UDNresearchersmustworktodescribeanentirelynewdiseaseandenteritintothemedicaldictionary.Theprogramhasaddedatleast25entirelynewdiseasesinthisway.Additionally,theUDNcoversthecostofthetests,meaningpatientsaren’tburdenedwithcrushingmedicaldebt.“Ithinkthey’vereallyadvancedandchangedthewholemodelforhowweapproachmanyoftheseillnesses,”saysAnnePariser,directoroftheOfficeofRareDiseasesResearch.ShesaystheUDN’smultidisciplinaryapproach—bringingdifferentspecialiststogethertotalkaboutchallengingcases—hashelpedadvancethefieldofrarediseaseresearch,especiallywhenitcomestogeneticdiseases.Livingwithadiseasewithoutanamecanbeitsownkindofsuffering.“Yougrowupfeelinglike,I’minthis,crazy,allbymyself,andnoonereallyunderstandsme,”saysAngelaMoon,aUDNparticipant.Forpatientslikeher,theUDNoffershopefortreatment,butalsoforfinallybeingseen.1.Thepurposeofthefirstparagraphisto________.A.arousethereaders’interestintheUDNB.giveavividdescriptionofrarediseasesC.introducethebackgroundfortheUDN’sfoundingD.raiseacomplicatedproblemthatwillbesolvedlater2.Thethirdparagraphmainlytalksabout________.A.thewaytheUDNisoperatednationwideB.theprogresstheUDNhasmadesofarC.thereasonswhytheUDNissopopularD.thedevelopmentstagestheUDNhasgonethrough3.WhatcanbelearnedaboutAngelaMoon?A.Sheusedtoliveindespair.B.Shefailedtoidentifywithothers.C.Sheisreceivingtreatmentnow.D.Therewillbeacureforhercondition.4.WhatcanbeinferredabouttheUDN’sworkmodel?A.Ithashelpedspreadtheknowledgeofundiagnoseddiseases.B.Itprioritizesparticipants’privacyoversolvingmedicalmysteries.C.Itisspecificallydesignedtodealwithchallenginggeneticdiseases.D.Itemphasizesclosecooperationbetweenspecialistsinseparatefields.【長沙市第一中學(xué)2021-2022學(xué)年高三年級月考試卷六，C】Earlierthisweek,Iwatchedsomeonlinevideosthatwerebothsickeningandinspiring.Theyshowedateamofsurgeonsconductingcolorectal,cardiacandneurologicalprocedures—scalpels,bloodandall.Butinsteadofcrowdingaroundthepatientinanoperatingtheatre,asshowninTVshowssuchasER,thesurgeonswerescattered:somewerebesidethepatient;othersweremanymilesaway,guidingtheircolleagueswitha(virtual)hand,thankstoaugmentedreality.Callthis,ifyoulike,Zoomforsurgeons—insteadofconductinganofficemeetingviavideo,theyareinsertingascalpelintoabrain.OrasNaineHachach-Haram,aplasticsurgeonintheUK’sNISandthefounderofProximie,theplatformIwatched,says,“Theideaistobringvirtualhealthcareworkerstogether—wearedigestingtheoperatingtheatreandbringingittopeoplearoundtheworld.”WelcometoanotherunexpectedstoryarisingfromCovid-19.Hachach-Haramfirstproposedtheideaofdoingvirtualsurgeryadecadeago.Likemanydoctorsinthewest,shedidvolunteermedicalworkinwar-tornregionsoftheworldandbecamefrustratedbythelackofaccesstosurgeonsthere.Tocorrectthis,in2016shefoundedProximieasatrainingtool.However,inthoseearlydays,shesaidshefacedanuphillbattlepersuadingotherdoctorstoembracetheidea:mosthadbeentrainedtobelievethat“propersurgeryinvolvedproximitytothepatie