2019【中考英語(yǔ)】初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)簡(jiǎn)單句并列句復(fù)合句

簡(jiǎn)單句、并列句和復(fù)合句【簡(jiǎn)單句simplesentence】1.定義：如果句子只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ)（或并列主語(yǔ)）和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)（或并列謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞），這樣的句子稱為簡(jiǎn)單句。2.五種基本句型：英語(yǔ)中千變?nèi)f化的句子歸根到底都是由以下五種基本句型組合、擴(kuò)展、變化而來(lái)的：（1）主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(不及物動(dòng)詞)[S+V]我發(fā)誓:Iswear翻譯：孩子們正在開(kāi)心地玩耍。她在教室里安靜地學(xué)習(xí)去年他在醫(yī)院上班。（2）主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞)+賓語(yǔ)[S+V+O]Iloveyou..翻譯：我學(xué)英語(yǔ)五年了。我媽每天早起，做早飯。（3）主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（系動(dòng)詞）+表語(yǔ)[S+V+P]Iambusyandtired.常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞有：be(是)；get(變得),become(成為),turn(變得),look(看起來(lái)),feel(感到),smell(聞起來(lái)),taste(嘗起來(lái)),sound(聽(tīng)起來(lái)),seem(似乎)等，表語(yǔ)一般由形容詞、名詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等充當(dāng)。如：翻譯：現(xiàn)在天氣變得越來(lái)越熱了。你的想法聽(tīng)起來(lái)不錯(cuò)。這個(gè)歌手成了影星了，成名又有錢。他生病住院了。主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)(及物動(dòng)詞)+間賓+直賓[S+V+O+O]MsLiuteachesusEnglish.既指人的間接賓語(yǔ)和指物的直接賓語(yǔ)。也可以把間接賓語(yǔ)放在直接賓語(yǔ)之后，但要加介詞for或to。如：①M(fèi)yauntboughtmeacomputer.=Myauntboughtacomputerforme.②Ipassedhimthesalt.=Ipassedthesalttohim.翻譯：我父母給我做了一個(gè)風(fēng)箏（2種方式）（5）主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（及物動(dòng)詞）+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)[S+V+O+C]Wemustkeepourschoolclean.翻譯：運(yùn)動(dòng)使我們健康又美麗足夠的睡眠使我們學(xué)得更好時(shí)間會(huì)證明（prove）我是對(duì)的3.【感嘆句】What+adj.+n.+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)！How+adj./adv.+主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)！1）GuanDongsavedanoldladyoutoftheYangtzeRiver.________greatcourageheshowed!A.WhataB.WhatC.How2).-Whatprogrammissoattractive?-TheguardsofhonorofthePLAaretakingpartintheparadeonRedSquare.-______excitingevent!A.HowB.WhatanC.What3)–Wow!_____beautifulthemusicis!-Yes.That’smyfavorite.A.WhatBWhataCHow4)____fastNingZetaoswam!Hewonthefirstprizeintheswimmingcontest!AWhatBHowCwhata4【祈使句】祈使句的主語(yǔ)一般是you（聽(tīng)話人），常省略，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用原形。祈使句的4種表現(xiàn)形式：Do型（V原形+其它）：Pleasehaveaseat。Don’tforgetmeBe型（Be+表語(yǔ)（名詞形容詞）+其它Beagoodboy!Don’tbelate。Let型（Let+賓語(yǔ)+V原形+其它）：letmehelpyou。Don’tlethimgo。No+n（pl。）/V-ing:Nosmoking!Nophotos!【練習(xí)】1）-IsthereaNo.2busstopnearhere?-Yes,thereis._____atthesecondcrossingandyouwillfindit.A.TurningleftB.TurnleftC.Toturnleft_________.Thebabyissleeping.--I’msorry.A.NottalkB.NotalkingCCan’talk3)Don’t____shy.Everyonemaymakemistakesatthebeginning.A.amBisCbe4).--Sorryforbeinglateagain.--hereontimenexttime,oryou’llbepunished.AbeBbeingCTobe5【倒裝句】1）Therebe句型：主語(yǔ)在be動(dòng)詞后面的名詞，there引導(dǎo)詞，無(wú)意義。Therebe+n+地點(diǎn)表示某處存在某物翻譯：我們學(xué)校附近有一點(diǎn)大超市和幾家書(shū)店。2）副詞位于句首以here，there，now，then等副詞放句首，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用be，come，go等。這種倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)必須是名詞，如果是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。翻譯：汽車來(lái)了！Herecomesthetrain!這是你的信.他來(lái)了！Herehecomes!給你！3）以so/neither/nor/開(kāi)頭+be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞/+主語(yǔ):某某也（不）…Johncan’tspeakJapanese.NeitherI.Westudygeographyveryhard.Sothey--MybrotherJimmyneverplayscomputergamesonschoolnights._________Idon’tunderstandthestoryinthenewunit.Whataboutyou,Bob?_________【并列句compoundsentences】并列句是由兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連接而成。并列句中的各簡(jiǎn)單句意義同等重要，相互之間不是從屬關(guān)系，而是平行并列的關(guān)系。兩個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單句常用并列連詞或分號(hào)連在一起。結(jié)構(gòu)是：“簡(jiǎn)單句+并列連詞（分號(hào)）+簡(jiǎn)單句”。關(guān)系連詞例句并列關(guān)系and/both...and.../notonly...butalso.../neither...nor...Myfatherisateacherandmymotherisanurse.NeitherhenorIliketoseethisfilm.NotonlyIbutalsohewillstayheretomorrow.轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系but/however/while/IlikeEnglish,butIamnotgoodatit.Iamshort,whilemybrotherisverytall.選擇關(guān)系or/either...or.../orelseYoucanreadthisbookorthatone.Let’shurryup，orwe’llmisstheplane.Eithersheoryouaregoingtherewithme.因果關(guān)系so/for/thereforeItwaslate,soIwenthomeatonce.Itismorningnow,forthebirdsbegintosing.翻譯：lily和lucy都喜歡運(yùn)動(dòng)要不你去參加聚會(huì)，要不他去參加努力吧，否則你會(huì)后悔（regret）的他不但學(xué)習(xí)成績(jī)好，而且樂(lè)于助人，很受歡迎。她很外向，但是她的妹妹很文靜。雨下得很大，所以我只好宅家了，好郁悶呀！【復(fù)合句complexsentences】復(fù)合句：包含一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或幾個(gè)從句的句子叫復(fù)合句。從句由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)。一.賓語(yǔ)從句定義：在句子做賓語(yǔ)的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)詞連詞that引導(dǎo)由陳述句變來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)從句。That無(wú)意義，可省去連詞if/whether（是否）引導(dǎo)由一般疑問(wèn)句或選擇疑問(wèn)句變來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)從句特殊疑問(wèn)詞（when，how，what，why等）引導(dǎo)由特殊疑問(wèn)句變來(lái)的賓語(yǔ)從句語(yǔ)序賓語(yǔ)從句一律用陳述語(yǔ)序，即主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)（當(dāng)what,which,who在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)語(yǔ)序不變。what’swrong?What’sthematter?What’thetrouble?Whathappened?Who’sspeaking?...)時(shí)態(tài)主句是現(xiàn)在時(shí)/將來(lái)時(shí)/祈使句，從句根據(jù)實(shí)際情況使用相應(yīng)時(shí)態(tài)。主句是過(guò)去時(shí)，從句使用過(guò)去時(shí)的某種形式從句表示是客觀事實(shí)、真理、自然現(xiàn)象等，不管主句的時(shí)態(tài)，從句一律用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。【練習(xí)】把下列句子合并成賓語(yǔ)從句Wehadfunplayingwaterinthesea.IrememberDoyouknow?Doesthestorecloseatnineeverynight?3)Willyoufreethisweekend?Sheaskedme.4)Whendidthetrainleave?Wewanttoknow5)theteacherasksstudents.Whobrokethewindow?6)lighttravelsfasterthansound.MsWangtoldus.(1)-IsawDavidintheteachers’officethismorning.Doyouknow________hewasthere?-Hewenttheretohandinhishomework.(2015南京)A.howB.whetherC.whenD.why(2)–Excuseme,couldyoutellme__________?(2015蘇州)--Infiveminutes.A.howsoonwillthefilmbeginB.howsoonthefilmwillbeginC.howlongthefilmhasbeenonD.howlonghasthefilmbeenon(3)–IntheUK,aladyusuallydoesn’tliketobeasked__________.A.whetherhasshegotmarriedB.howoldissheC.whereshecomesfromD.howmuchsheweighs【注意1】賓語(yǔ)從句的否定前移在主從復(fù)合句中，當(dāng)主句的的主語(yǔ)為第一人稱（I，we）謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是think,expect,believe,guess,imagine,suppose等表示“認(rèn)為，猜想”的詞時(shí)，一般要把賓語(yǔ)從句中的否定式轉(zhuǎn)移到主句中。我想她不會(huì)和你一起來(lái)。I_____thinkshe___________comewithyou.我認(rèn)為他不是美國(guó)人:【注意2】如果主句和從句的主語(yǔ)相同.特殊疑問(wèn)句的賓語(yǔ)從句與特殊疑問(wèn)詞+todo的轉(zhuǎn)換Sheknowswhatsheshoulddonext=Sheknowswhattodonext.Ididn’tdecidewhichoneIwouldchoose.=Ididntdecide_________.二、狀語(yǔ)從句定義：用來(lái)修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞，副詞和形容詞的從句叫狀語(yǔ)從句。一般由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)，與主句連接，位于句首時(shí)，常用逗號(hào)與主句分開(kāi)；位于句末時(shí)，其前一般不用逗號(hào)。1）時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句：as/when/while當(dāng)……時(shí);after在……之后;before在……之前;since自從;till/until直到;assoonas一……就（1）當(dāng)主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí)或祈使句時(shí)，從句常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表示將來(lái),即主將從現(xiàn)。（2）till/until/not…until①肯定句：主句+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）+until/till+從句.②否定句：主句+謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞/非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）+until+從句.（3）since“自從”(過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)，或從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí))。I_____(teach)EnglishsinceI________(graduate)fromuniversity.練一練：1.—Doyouknow________thisafternoon?(2013連云港）—I’mnotsure,butI’lltellyouassoonasshe______.A.howwillBettyarrive;startsB.howBettywillarrive;willstartC.whattimewillBettywillarrive;willstartD.whattimeBettywillarrive;starts2.Manypeoplewillnotrealizetheimportanceofhealth_____theyhavefallen.(2013淮安）A.until B.while C.when D.after3.—Whenwilltherailwaythatconnectsthetwocitiesopen?(2014常州）—____nextyear.Onlytwothirds_____beenbuilt.A.Until;hasB.Until;have C.Notuntil;has D.Notuntil;have4.—TheyspeakperfectEnglish.Howlonghaveyoulearntit?(2013玄武模擬）—_____theyweresevenyearsold.A.Since B.When C.After D.Until（4）as,when,while表示“當(dāng)……時(shí)……”的典型考法：when可表示一個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)，也可表示一個(gè)時(shí)間段。while則只表示一個(gè)時(shí)間段。引導(dǎo)從句中常用進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)。as則強(qiáng)調(diào)主句和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行，主句和從句動(dòng)詞一般用過(guò)去時(shí);也可表示“隨著……”。練一練：⑴_(tái)_____________hewaseatinghisbreakfast,hisdogwassleepingonthefloor.⑵Shesang______________shewalkedalong.⑶Itwassnowing__________wegottotheairport．2條件狀語(yǔ)從句：if(如果)，unless(除非)=if…not…。You’dbettertravelaroundNanjingwithalocaltourguide________youwanttoknowmoreaboutitsculture.A.unlessB.untilC.althoughD.if3目的狀語(yǔ)從句通常由sothat/inorderthat(以便，所以)引導(dǎo)。從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常含有may/might/can/could/will/would等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。目的狀語(yǔ)從句可與inordertodosth.互換。4結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句常由so…that/such…that（如此的…以致于）引導(dǎo)。1.Itwas_____lovelyweather____wedecidetospendthedayonthebeach.A.sucha;thatB.such;thatC.such;asD.so;that2.-Didyoucatchwhattheteachersaid?-No.Shespokesofast______Icouldn’thearherveryclearly.A.whichB.thatC.whenD.what5原因狀語(yǔ)從句通常由because/since/as引導(dǎo)。because表示直接原因，語(yǔ)氣最強(qiáng)；回答由why提出的問(wèn)題，只能用because回答。since表示大家已知的事實(shí)，意為“既然”。as語(yǔ)氣最弱。1）—Whatshallwedonow?—______it’sraininghard,let’sstayathome.A.SoB.SinceC.ThoughD.If6讓步狀語(yǔ)從句通常由although/though等引導(dǎo)。不能與but出現(xiàn)在同一個(gè)復(fù)合句里。____Mikedidn’twintherace,hewasstillwearingasmileonhisface.A.IfB.SinceC.AlthoughD.Because三、定語(yǔ)從句一）認(rèn)識(shí)定語(yǔ)1.Sheisabeautifulgirl.2.Itismybook.3.Idon'tknowtheboyunderthetree.思考：這些定語(yǔ)分別起什么作用？beautiful:形容詞，起______作用my:代詞，起______作用underthetree:介詞短語(yǔ)，起______作用再思考：這些定語(yǔ)有什么共同特點(diǎn)？定語(yǔ)往往用來(lái)______或______名詞；充當(dāng)定語(yǔ)的詞：往往有_______,_______和________等。翻譯：往往理解為_(kāi)________找出下列句子的定語(yǔ)1.Sheisafraidofthestrongtiger.2.Isthisyourcomputer?3.Themanbesidethedoorismyfather.二）、認(rèn)識(shí)定語(yǔ)從句劃出定語(yǔ)從句：A.Ilikethegiftthatmymotherboughtforme。B.Ilikethemusiciansthatcantheirownsongs。對(duì)比：c.SheisabeautifulgirlD.Idon'tknowtheboyunderthetree.思考：對(duì)比a,b句和c,d句的定語(yǔ)，它們有什么不同?定語(yǔ)從句的本質(zhì)_____作定語(yǔ)：定語(yǔ)從句的翻譯：_____定語(yǔ)從句的.定義：在復(fù)合句中，修飾句子中某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句，放在所修飾的名詞或代詞后面。被修飾的名詞或代詞稱為先行詞；引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的連接詞稱為引導(dǎo)詞,其中that、which、who稱為關(guān)系代詞。基本結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+關(guān)系代詞+從句。先劃出定語(yǔ)從句，然后思考：什么時(shí)候用which,什么時(shí)候用who,什么時(shí)候用that.1.Weliketeacherswhocanmakeclassinteresting.2.Thestorywhichhetoldwasveryfunny.3.IknowthewomanthatistalkingwithJohn.4.Tomusuallywearsclothesthatareoutofstyle.結(jié)論：關(guān)系代詞的選擇取決于_______.先行詞是人時(shí)，用______;先行詞是物時(shí)，用_______;先行詞不論是人還是物，都可以用________.【分析關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句的作用】當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)必須與先行詞保持一致。定語(yǔ)從句根據(jù)表達(dá)的需要選用相應(yīng)的時(shí)態(tài)。當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，不能省略；做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以省略Tomisoneoftheboyswho______fromtheUSA.(be)Thegirl______catchestheflowersonaweddingwillbethenexttogetmarried.A.whomB.whichC.whoD.whose【練習(xí)一】以下哪些句子含有定語(yǔ)從句？1.Idon’tknowwhoheis.2.Idon’tknowthemanwhoisinblack.3.IthinkthatClass8isreallygreat.4.HetoldmewhatIshoulddo.Canyoulendmethebookthatyouboughtyesterday?【注意】賓語(yǔ)從句特點(diǎn)：放在_______后what______(能還是不能）引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句?！揪毩?xí)二】用who或which填空1.Haveyoueverseenthecat_______ischasingamouse?2.Doyouliketheteacher______likeswearingreddress.3.Hedoesn’twanttotalkabouttheaccident______happenedlastyear.4.Neverbreaktherules______arenotallowedintheschool.5.Thebasketballplayer______isdancingisveryfamous.思考：以上所有空格都可以填_______【練習(xí)三】翻譯以下句子1.IpreferbookswhichwerewrittenbyMoYan.2.Theyjustwanttomakefriendswiththosepeoplewhoaregoodatbasketball.3.他正在尋找他昨天買的手表。(2013年長(zhǎng)沙)你認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)正在唱歌的老師嗎？【注意】只能用that的情況：①當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞修飾: OneofthemostinterestingplacesinYangzhou________areoftenvisitedbyforeignersistheWestSlenderLake.A.what B.who C.that D./②先行詞同時(shí)包括人或物時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用that.ThemanandhisdogthatIalwaysmeetarestandingbythegate。⑴TheEnglish-Chinesedictionary______myfatherboughtformemanyyearsagoisstillofgreatvalue.A.whoseB.whenC.whoD.that⑵Thefirstthing_____mybrotherisgoingtodothisafternoonistowritealetter.A.whatB.whichC.whoD.that(3)Theoldtheatrewillclosesoon__________someextradonationsaremade.A.soB.ifC.becauseD.unless(4)TheFirstHuaguoshanInternationalGolfOpenwas__________successthatweenjoyedourselvesverymuch.A.suchagreatB.asuchgreatC.soagreatD.asogreat(5)Goodtoseeyouagain.It’salmostthreeyears_______wemetlasttime.A.untilB.before C.while D.since(6)Scientistssayitmaybeafewyears______itispossibletotestthenewmedicineonpatients.A.becauseB.afterC.beforeD.since(7)—Thelightinhisofficeisstillon.Doyouknow____________?—Inordertopreparefortomorrow’smeeting.A.ifheworkshardB.whyhestaysupsolateC.whyishesobusyD.whenhewillstopworking8）Doyouknowthegirl_____isdancingoverthere?A.whoB.whomC.which9）Thisisthedictionary_____mymomgavemeformybirthday.A.whichB.whoC.what10）DoyouliketheshowI'masinger______isverypopularinChina.A.whoB.whichC.what中考二輪復(fù)習(xí)——完形填空專題（講義）【知識(shí)點(diǎn)睛】一、命題特點(diǎn)題型上來(lái)看：越來(lái)越降低了對(duì)單詞本身詞義及語(yǔ)法的考查，而注重上下文聯(lián)系，主要考查學(xué)生運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)的能力、上下文對(duì)照并捕捉關(guān)鍵詞的能力、分析行文邏輯及文章的整體理解能力、結(jié)合語(yǔ)境分析推理的能力等。體裁上來(lái)看：中考完形填空的體裁主要以記敘文為主，以敘為主，敘議結(jié)合，題材新穎。二、做題步驟第一步：___________，___________。完形填空題是一篇意思完整的短文，準(zhǔn)確理解短文是解答此類題的關(guān)鍵。在做此題時(shí)，要跳過(guò)空格，將全文快速瀏覽一遍，特別要留意文章首尾句和每段首尾句。（對(duì)文章內(nèi)容有一個(gè)大概的了解，在閱讀時(shí)，不需要看到全部的信息，根據(jù)部分信息就可以了解大意。千萬(wàn)不要讀一句填一句，因?yàn)椤巴晷翁羁铡鳖}里所給的大多數(shù)選項(xiàng)填入單句后在語(yǔ)法上都成立，但從全文看卻并非正確答案。）第二步：___________，___________。了解文章大意后便要開(kāi)始填入所缺部分。在選擇答案時(shí)，一定要考慮到上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，前后對(duì)照，從上下文中找出關(guān)鍵性啟示。同時(shí)兼顧句子的結(jié)構(gòu)，習(xí)慣用法，固定搭配和詞類的功能，先選出比較容易的答案，遇到較難的題，可以跳過(guò)本題，繼續(xù)做后面的題，完形填空題文章前后、上下多有暗示和線索提示（文章為了使語(yǔ)篇相互銜接及文章的連貫，有些詞會(huì)以原詞或同義、近義詞等形式重復(fù)出現(xiàn)在文章中）。第三步：___________，___________。初讀初選后，還有一些題目沒(méi)有思路，此時(shí)就要逐句細(xì)讀，逐題分析選項(xiàng)、對(duì)上一步驟未確定的個(gè)別試題多方推敲，把握全局思維，注意前后邏輯（選連詞的空格前后兩句可形成指代、列舉、因果、對(duì)比、讓步、補(bǔ)充、遞進(jìn)等邏輯關(guān)系）。第四步：___________，___________。初定選項(xiàng)后，很重要的一步就是要將整篇文章再?gòu)?fù)讀一遍。對(duì)答案進(jìn)行核實(shí)調(diào)整，清除疏漏。再次迅速?gòu)?fù)讀，對(duì)短文的理解會(huì)更為深刻，更容易判斷有疑點(diǎn)或誤解的地方（這時(shí)要注意時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)、主謂一致、固定搭配等）。五讀法：1.細(xì)讀首句，預(yù)測(cè)主題；2.跳讀全文，領(lǐng)會(huì)大意；3.通讀全文，試選答案；4.細(xì)讀全文，推敲難題；5.復(fù)讀全文，調(diào)整答案。精簡(jiǎn)步驟：1._______。跳開(kāi)選項(xiàng)了解信息，初步掌握文章大意。(1min)2._______。仔細(xì)閱讀全文，抓住短文的每段、每句作者的思想。(5min)3._______。再次閱讀文章，檢查答案，是否符合文章邏輯推理。(2min)

三、真題演練AThegreatestfeelingintheworldcomesnotfromreceivingpresents,orevengettinganAonthemathtestyoustudiedsohardfor.Rather,it1________whenyouhandacupofhotcoffeetothatoldermansittingonthesideofthestreetaskingformoney.Youfeelitwhenyoudriveanhourandahalftoa2________tomeetchildrenwithcancer.Andyoufeelitwhenyousitdownwithyourfriendtocomforther3________hermotherdied.Helpingotherscanbethegreatestfeelingintheworld,andI4________thisjustoneyearago.MyfriendaskedmetoattendaYouthGroupmeetingathischurch.Afteranhouroflisteningtothem5________theiropinions,Iwasinvitedtogowiththemtohelp6________thehomeless.EarlythatSaturdaymorning,ateamof15teenagersbeganmakingsandwichesandcountingbagsofcandy.ForthefirsttimeinmylifeIrealizedthatwe,theteensofAmerica,canmakea7________.Sinceitwasmyfirsttime,andIwasn’tpartofthegroup,Ifeltalittleoutofplace.Butwatchingtheothers8________thefooddrovemynervousnessaway.Beforelong,all150baggedlunchesweregoneandthegroupwas9________itswayhome.Irealizedthatnotonlyismyfriendanamazingperson,butthatallofthosepeopleareamazing.That’swhatmademejointheYouthGroup.Iworkatacoffeeshopbutdon’tmakemuch.It’snotthebestjob,buttherearetimeswhenit’sworthit.Forexample,afewweeksago,whenthestorewas10________andIwasbored,lookingoutofthewindow,Inoticedanoldmansittingoutside.Hehadbeentherebefore.Asamatteroffact,he11________cameintobuyanythingbecausehedidn’thaveanymoney.Itookupacupofcoffee,walkedoutside,andhandedittohim.Thesmileonhisfacemademyday,andasIwalkedbackintothestore,Iputmyownmoneyintothedrawer.ThenIknewhowthemembersoftheYouthGroupfeeleverytimetheyhelpsomeone.Knowingthatyoucanhelpis12________–thegreatestfeelingintheworld.1.A.starts B.stops C.lasts D.fails2.A.shop B.church C.country D.hospital3.A.after B.until C.though D.before4.A.expected B.discovered C.touched D.offered5.A.write B.experience C.voice D.discuss6.A.teach B.encourage C.move D.feed7.A.decision B.success C.dream D.difference8.A.takeout B.pickout C.handout D.pointout9.A.in B.on C.through D.by10.A.empty B.free C.busy D.crowded11.A.even B.usually C.never D.often12.A.helpful B.wonderful C.hopeful D.usefulBItwasacoldafternooninwinter.Myoldestson,Stephen,wasatschool,andReed,myhusband,atwork.My1________littleonesweresittingaroundthekitchentable.Tomwasperfectingapaperplane,whileSamwas2________onanoilpainting.ButLaura,ouronlydaughter,satquietlyandwas3________inherproject.Everyonceinawhileshewouldaskhowto4________thenameofsomeoneinourfamily,thencarefullyformthelettersonebyone.Next,shewouldaddflowerswithsmallitems.Shefinishedoffeachwithasunintheupperrighthandcorner.Holdingthemateyelevel,sheletoutalongsigh(嘆息)of5________.“Whatareyoudoing,Honey?”Iasked.Shelookedquicklyatherbrotherbeforelookingbackatme.“It’sa6________.”shesaid,coveringupherworkwithherhands.Next,sheputherworkintoabox.Whenshehadfinished,shedisappearedupthestairs.Itwasn’tuntillaterthateveningthatI7________a“mailbox”tapedontothedoorstoeachofourbedrooms.Therewerelittlenotessayingthatshelovedallofus.Shehadn’t8________SamorbabyPaul.Theyarepagesofcoloredscenesincludingflowerswithhappyfaces.“Hecan’treadyet,”shewhispered(低聲說(shuō)),“9________hecanlookatthepictures.”EachtimeIreceivedoneofmylittlegirl’sgifts,it10________myheart.Iwastouchedathowcarefullyshepaidattentiontowhatwronghappenedtous.WhenStephenlostabaseballgame,therewasalettertellinghimshethoughthewasthebestballplayerinthewholeworld.AfterIhada11________day,therewasamessagethankingmeformyefforts.Thissamelittlegirlisgrownnow,drivingoffeverydaytothestatecollege,butsomethingsaboutherhave12________changed.YesterdayIfoundalovenotenexttomybedside.“Thanksforalwaysbeingthereforme,Mom,”itread,“I’mgladthatwe’rethebestfriends.”Thereareangelsamongus.IknowIlivewithone.1.A.two B.three C.four D.five2.A.working B.getting C.holding D.putting3.A.absent B.lost C.bored D.upset4.A.complete B.afford C.spell D.check5.A.satisfaction B.carefulness C.tiredness D.regret6.A.goal B.dream C.wish D.surprise7.A.realized B.noticed C.knew D.predicted8.A.cared B.remembered C.followed D.forgotten9.A.but B.and C.because D.so10.A.deepened B.froze C.broke D.brightened11.A.boring B.different C.hard D.crazy12.A.never B.already C.ever D.EvenCTakingaNapduringtheDayMedicalexpertssaymostAmericansdonotgetenoughsleep.TheysaymoreAmericansneedtorestforashortperiodinthemiddleoftheday,1________continuingwithotheractivities.Onestudyearlierthisyearfoundthatpersonswho2________forafewminutesduringthedaywerelesslikelytodieofheartdisease.Thestudy3________morethan2,300Greekadultsforaboutsixyears.Adultswhorestedforhalfanhouratleastthreetimesaweekhada37percent4________riskofdyingfromheartdiseasethanthosewhodidnotnap.Thestudyorganizerssaidthestrongestevidencewasinworkingmen.Theysaidnapsmightimprove5_______bymitigating(減低)tensioncausedbywork.SomeEuropeanandLatinAmericanbusinesseshavesupportedthe6________ofnappingformanyyears.Theyurgepeopleto7________work,gohomeandhaveanapbeforereturning.IntheUnitedStates,somecompaniesletworkersrestbrieflyintheiroffices.Theybelievethisreduces8________andaccidents,and9________increasestheamountofworkapersoncando.Sleepexpertssayitislikelythatpeoplemakemoremistakesatworkthanatothertimes.Theysaypeopleshouldnot10________importantdutieswhentheyfeelsleepy.Andtheysaythebestthingtodoistotakeanap.Abouttwentyminutesofrestisallyouneed.Expertssaythisprovidesextraenergyandcanincreaseyoureffectiveness11________theendoftheday.Butexperts12________thatanapshouldlastnomorethantwentytothirtyminutes.Alongernapwillputthebodyintodeepsleepandwakingupwillbedifficult.1.A.as B.when C.before D.after2.A.laugh B.sleep C.walk D.move3.A.knew B.learned C.studied D.followed4.A.less B.more C.lower D.higher5.A.life B.health C.thinking D.ability6.A.way B.idea C.suggestion D.experiment7.A.leave B.repeat C.change D.improve8.A.work B.time C.energy D.mistakes9.A.too B.also C.never D.seldom10.A.make B.bring C.carryout D.create11.A.until B.while C.unless D.during12.A.say B.think C.guess D.warnDAssixthgraders,kidswereseparatingintogroups,butIwasn’tsurewhereIbelonged.Ourteachergaveusataskcalled“secretfriends”forthecomingweek.Weweresupposedtodonicethings1_______ourfriendswithoutlettingthemknowwhowasdoingit.Wecouldleaveencouragingnotesorcardseitherontheirdesksorintheirbags.Beforedoingthetask,withoureyesclosed,fromabasket,we2________anameofaclassmatewhoweweretosecretlybefriendoverthenextfivedays.Soon,thetaskwasturnedintoacompetitionofgiving3________insteadofnotes.Everyonewasget