挑戰(zhàn)練01 閱讀理解(細(xì)節(jié)理解題)(解析版)-2020-2021學(xué)年下學(xué)期高一英語期末題型挑戰(zhàn)練(全國通用)

2020~2021學(xué)年下學(xué)期高一英語期末題型挑戰(zhàn)練(全國通用)01閱讀理解(細(xì)節(jié)理解題)1Supposeyouwanttogoabroadandlearnabouttheforeignexchangeincultureindifferentcountries.Hereissomeinformationyoumayneed.Name:SusanLaneAge:22Place:Reykjavik,Iceland,1994.Cost:$7,000Organization:AFSExperience:Ithinkitwasaturningpointinmylife.Ibegantounderstandmoreaboutmyownculturebyexperiencinganothercultureandseeinghowotherpeoplelive.”Name:SaraSmallAge:23Place:Crivitz,Germany,1996.Cost:$8,000Organization:EFFoundationExperience:“IlovethetravelingandImadealotoffriends.IfoundtheEuropeanschoolsystemtobehardbutIamfluentnowinGermansoitisworthit.IdidmissmyfamilyandfriendsinAustraliabutIwouldlovetodoitagain.”Name:DavidLinksAge:16Place:Stuttgart,Germany,1996.Cost:$4,500Organization:SouthernCrossCulturalExchangeExperience:“Iwantedtotrysomethingthatwasverydifferentinculture.InGermanyeverythingwasdifferentbutIsoongotsettled.ThefamilyIwaswithwasgreatandIreallyfeelasthoughIhaveasecondfamily.”Name:TomJenningsAge:21Place:Conflans,France,1995.Cost:$7,000Organization:SouthernCrossCulturalExchangeExperience:“ThereweretimeswhenitwasdifficultbutIlikedit,experiencingadifferentculture.”Youjusthavetoadapttoeachsituationasitcomes.Ifthereisonethingyoulearnwhenyouareonastudent-exchangeprogramitishowtotakecareofyourself.”Name:LindaMarksAge:19Place:ChonburiProvince,Thailand,1994.Cost:$3,500Organization:RotaryInternationalExperience:“Therearelotsofupsanddowns,butyoualwayscomebackformore.Ihadafewproblemsbuttherewasalwayssomeonetoturntoandthatwasgreat.”1.Accordingtotheinformation,takingpartinaforeignexchangeprogramcancost________.A.from$4,500to$8,000 B.from$3,500to$8,000C.anythingfrom$3,500 D.nomorethan$7,0002.Thestudentswhorefertoboththegoodandbadtimesasanexchangestudentinclude________.A.SusanLaneandSaraSmallB.LindaMarksandDavidLinksC.TomJenningsandLindaMarksD.SusanLaneandTomJennings3.Ifastudentwantedtotakepartinaforeignexchangeprogram,buthadnotenoughmoney,thenthebestplacewouldbe________.A.IcelandandAmerica B.ThailandandFranceC.GermanyandIceland D.GermanyandThailand【答案】1.B2.C3.D【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要通過圖表介紹了四個(gè)交換生的交換地點(diǎn)以及其相關(guān)的信息對比。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)上文幾個(gè)表格中的花費(fèi)分析可知，參加一個(gè)對外交流項(xiàng)目的費(fèi)用在3500美元到8000美元之間。故選B。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中最后兩張表格中的“ThereweretimeswhenitwasdifficultbutIlikedit,experiencingadifferentculture.(有時(shí)會遇到困難，但我喜歡，體驗(yàn)不同的文化)”和“Therearelotsofupsanddowns,butyoualwayscomebackformore.Ihadafewproblemsbuttherewasalwayssomeonetoturntoandthatwasgreat.(有很多的起起落落，但你總是會回來要更多。我有一些問題，但總有人可以求助，這很好)”可知，TomJennings和LindaMarks都認(rèn)為作為交換生，既有過好時(shí)光、也有過壞時(shí)光。故選C。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。如果一個(gè)學(xué)生沒有足夠的錢，可以去價(jià)格最便宜的地方。根據(jù)文中表格中的花費(fèi)分析可知，最便宜的兩個(gè)國家是Germany和Thailand。故選D。2Theconductoronthepodium(指揮臺)hasnobaton(指揮棒),notailcoatandnomusicalscore,butAndroidAlter3iskickingupastormasitguidesasymphonyorchestra'splayersthroughtheirpaces.Therobothasahumanoidface,handsandlowerarms,whichgesturewithwhatcouldpassforpassionasitbouncesupanddownandrotatesduringtheliveperformanceofKeiichiroShibuya'soperaScaryBeautyintheEmirateofSharjah.VideofromtherecentperformanceintheEmirateofSharjahshowedthemachineturningtofaceorchestramembersandwavingitsarms.Alter3evensangattimes.Shibuyasaidtheinvolvementofrobotsintheeverydaylivesofhumansiscontinuallyincreasing.But,hesaidhethinkspeoplewillneedtodecideinthefuturehowartificialintelligencecanbestimprovethehumanexperience.Shibuyaaddedthathebelieveshumansandrobotscanlearntoworktogethertocreatebeautifulart."Thisworkisametaphorofthatrelationsbetweenhumansandtechnology,"hesaid.Shibuyanotedthatsometimesthemusic-leadingrobotcan"getcrazy",makingitdifficultforthemusicianstokeepup.Butothertimes,thehumansandmachinescooperateverywell.ShibuyasaidtherobotsandAIthatexisttodayare"farfromcomplete".Heisinterestedinstudyinghowsuchincompletetechnologycanbecombinedwithart."Ithinkthisisaveryexcitingidea…Wecametoseewhatitlookslikeandhowmuchispossible,"saidAnnaKovacevic.Anotheraudiencemember,whogavehisnameonlyasBillum,saidaftertheshow,"Youknow,ahumanconductorissomuchbetter."AlthoughhesaidheisinterestedinAIandlooksforwardtobigdevelopments,heconcludedontheproject:"Thehumantouchislost."4.WhatdoesShibuyathinkofAlter3?A.Itisnotperfectatpresent. B.Itteamsupwithhumanswell.C.Itoftenmakeshumanscrazy. D.Itisbetterthanhumanconductors.5.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?A.Theperformancedrewmixedreactions.B.Billumtooknointerestintheperformance.C.Theaudiencewerefascinatedbytheperformance.D.TheaudiencethoughtAlter3wouldhaveabrightfuture.6.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsthecombinationofrobotsandart?A.Positive B.Negative. C.Objective. D.Critical.7.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.RobotCooperateswithHumansB.RobotConductsHumanOrchestraC.TheSignificanceofRobotsinArtD.TheRelationsBetweenAIandHumans【答案】4.A5.A6.C7.B【解析】本文是說明文。文章介紹了機(jī)器人Alter3在EmirateofSharjah指揮人類管弦樂隊(duì)演出的情況，人們對此的觀點(diǎn)和不同反應(yīng)。4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Shibuyanotedthatsometimesthemusic-leadingrobotcan"getcrazy",makingitdifficultforthemusicianstokeepup.(Shibuya指出，有時(shí)候，指揮音樂的機(jī)器人會“發(fā)瘋”，讓音樂家很難跟上節(jié)奏)”和倒數(shù)第二段“ShibuyasaidtherobotsandAIthatexisttodayare"farfromcomplete".Heisinterestedinstudyinghowsuchincompletetechnologycanbecombinedwithart.(Shibuya說目前存在的機(jī)器人和人工智能“還遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠完善”。他對研究這種不完善的技術(shù)如何與藝術(shù)結(jié)合很感興趣)”可知，Shibuya認(rèn)為Alter3目前還不完美，還需要改進(jìn)。故選A。5.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“"Ithinkthisisaveryexcitingidea…,"saidAnnaKovacevic.Anotheraudiencemember,…saidaftertheshow,"Youknow,ahumanconductorissomuchbetter."…h(huán)econcludedontheproject:"Thehumantouchislost."”列舉的不同觀眾對機(jī)器人指揮人類管弦樂隊(duì)發(fā)表的觀點(diǎn)，可知這一表演引起了觀眾們不同的反應(yīng)。故選A。6.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章后四段中“Shibuyasaid”，“hesaid”，“Shibuyaadded”，“saidAnnaKovacevic.”，“Anotheraudiencemember,whogavehisnameonlyasBillum,said”等內(nèi)容可知，作者在文中只是客觀引用了人們對機(jī)器人與藝術(shù)的結(jié)合的看法，并沒有發(fā)表自己的觀點(diǎn)。所以作者的態(tài)度是客觀的，故選C。7.主旨大意題。文章前三段介紹了機(jī)器人Alter3指揮人類管弦樂隊(duì)演出的情況，下文介紹了人們對此的觀點(diǎn)和不同反應(yīng)。B項(xiàng)RobotConductsHumanOrchestra概括了全文內(nèi)容，適合作為文章標(biāo)題。故選B。3I’mMay.highschoolseniorsallaroundtheU.S.scramble(爭搶)togetreadyforprom.Prom.shortforpromenade,isaformaldanceheldbyahighschoolbeforegraduation.It'sanimportantaspectofAmericanschoolculturebecauseit'sthelasthigh-schooldanceseniorswilleverattend.Promentails(牽涉)countlesstraditions.Firstaguymustaskagirltogotopromwithhim.Mostguyschoosetodospecialpromproposalsinhopesofwinningthegirl'sheartwiththeircreativity.Thenhewillrentatuxedo(燕尾服),andthegirlwilloftengettheirhair,nailsandmakeupdoneprofessionally.Thatnightcoupleswilltakepictures,andthentheywilloftentakealimousine(豪華轎車)todinnerandtothedance.Severalreportsstatethatparentscanspendupwardof$2,000togivetheirkidstheperfectpromexperience.Thehistoryofpromcanbetracedbacktothelasthalfofthe1800s.Atthattime,Americanuniversitiesandcollegesorganizeddanceseachyearfortheirgraduatingstudents.Thepurposewasnotonlytoentertainthestudentsbutalsotopreparethemforthewiderworldbyteachingthempropermannersformenandwomen.Later,highschoolstookoverthepromtradition.Inthe1950s,highschoolsbeganmovingthedancefromtheirgymstobeautifulhotelsorcountryclubstomaketheeventevenmorespecial.Perhapsthemostamazingpromtookplacein1975,whenSusanFord,thedaughterofthecountry'spresident,receivedpermissiontoholdherhighschool'spromattheWhiteHouse.Sofar,nootherpromhasmanagedtotopthat.8.Whatdoesthisarticlemainlyexplainaboutprom?A.Itsunusualatmosphere.B.Itspresentandfuture.C.Itseducationalbenefits.D.Itscustomsandroots.9.Accordingtothisarticle,whatdotheparticipantsinprommainlypayattentionto?A.Theirappearance.B.Theirpossessions.C.Theirtransportation.D.Theirsupervisors.10.Whatwerepeoplesupposedtolearnfrompromatonetime?A.Whatmarketingplantouse.B.Howtobehavearoundothers.C.Whichfoodwasbesttoeat.D.Whentoearnagreatdegree.11.Accordingtothisarticle,wherewasaspecialeventheldmorethanfourdecadesago?A.Inanofficialresidence.B.Inaninternationalcourt.C.Inamotionpicturestudio.D.Inamoderngallery.【答案】8.D9.A10.B11.A【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述畢業(yè)舞會的文化和起源。8.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“It'sanimportantaspectofAmericanschoolculturebecauseit'sthelasthigh-schooldanceseniorswilleverattend.”（這是美國學(xué)校文化的一個(gè)重要方面，因?yàn)檫@是高年級學(xué)生最后一次參加高中舞會。）第二段“Promentails(牽涉)countlesstraditions.”（舞會需要無數(shù)的傳統(tǒng)。）和第三段“Thehistoryofpromcanbetracedbacktothelasthalfofthe1800s.”（畢業(yè)舞會的歷史可以追溯到19世紀(jì)后半葉。）可知這篇文章主要講述了舞會的文化和起源，故選D。9.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Firstaguymustaskagirltogotopromwithhim.Mostguyschoosetodospecialpromproposalsinhopesofwinningthegirl'sheartwiththeircreativity.Thenhewillrentatuxedo(燕尾服),andthegirlwilloftengettheirhair,nailsandmakeupdoneprofessionally.Thatnightcoupleswilltakepictures,andthentheywilloftentakealimousine(豪華轎車)todinnerandtothedance.”（首先，男生必須邀請女生和他一起去畢業(yè)舞會。大多數(shù)男生會選擇做一些特別的舞會求婚，希望用他們的創(chuàng)造力贏得女孩的心。然后他會租一件燕尾服，女孩會經(jīng)常讓專業(yè)人員做頭發(fā)、指甲和化妝。那天晚上，情侶們會拍照，然后他們通常會乘坐豪華轎車去吃飯和參加舞會。）可知，參加舞會的人員都很注重外表，故選A。10.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Atthattime,Americanuniversitiesandcollegesorganizeddanceseachyearfortheirgraduatingstudents.Thepurposewasnotonlytoentertainthestudentsbutalsotopreparethemforthewiderworldbyteachingthempropermannersformenandwomen.”（當(dāng)時(shí)，美國的大學(xué)和學(xué)院每年都為他們的畢業(yè)生組織舞會。其目的不僅是為了使學(xué)生快樂，而且通過教導(dǎo)他們正確的禮儀，使他們?yōu)楦鼜V闊的世界做準(zhǔn)備。）可知當(dāng)時(shí)的畢業(yè)生舞會為不僅是為了使學(xué)生快樂，還要教導(dǎo)他們正確的禮儀，也就是如何在他人面前表現(xiàn)，故選B。11.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“Perhapsthemostamazingpromtookplacein1975,whenSusanFord,thedaughterofthecountry'spresident,receivedpermissiontoholdherhighschool'spromattheWhiteHouse.Sofar,nootherpromhasmanagedtotopthat.”（最令人驚嘆的畢業(yè)舞會可能發(fā)生在1975年，當(dāng)時(shí)美國總統(tǒng)的女兒蘇珊·福特(SusanFord)獲準(zhǔn)在白宮舉辦她的高中畢業(yè)舞會。到目前為止，還沒有其他畢業(yè)舞會能超越這一水平。）根據(jù)常識可知白宮是美國政府所在地，所以40多年前曾在官方府邸舉行了一場特別的舞會，故選A。4Whatistalent?Areyoubornwithit?Ordoesitseemtodevelopovertime?BeforeIstart,I’dliketosaythatonethingeveryoneagreesonisthatthemostskilledmusicianshaveworkedhardtogetthere.Whileit’struethatafewofushadenough“talent”toavoidextrapracticetodojustaswellasthosewhodid,thosewhoworkedhardeasilybeatus.Itis,infact,verylikelythatifsomeofus“talentedones”hadactuallybeenpracticingandimprovingourskill,wewouldhaveachievedawholedifferentlevel.Anotheraspectoftalentseemstobeheartandpassion(酷愛).ThepeopleIseewhoarethemosttalentedmusiciansarecrazyaboutmusic.Theyeat,breathe,andlivemusicandtheymakeanextraordinaryefforttomakeitpartoftheirlives.AsRemusBadeasaid,desireforthemusician-to-beissignificantforthemtobesuccessful.Thisdesireiseasilyfoundinthoseconsideredtobetalented.Whenyouwantandlovesomethingsobad,itdrivesyouandyourentirecharactercanbeshapedaroundit.Suchdeterminedpassionseemstoproduceincredibleskillandtalent.Thethirdaspect(方面)oftalentishavingtalentaroundyou.Whensurroundedbytalentedmusicians,itonlyseemsnaturalthatyoustarttocatchuptotheirlevelTakealookatalmostanygroupofmusiciansinhistory.Themoretalentedpeopleinthegroupthemoretalentedthegroupisasawhole.Agreatexampleofthisistherelationshipbetweenaudioproducerandartist.Theartistturnsuptothestudiowiththeirsong,andastheyworkthroughrecordingit,theaudioproducerwilloftensuggestvariouschangestothesongtomakeitbetter.12.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2?A.Pridegoesbeforeafall.B.It’snevertoooldtolearn.C.Practicecontributestotalent.D.Talentdeterminesachievements.13.WhatisthekeytosuccessaccordingtoRemusBadea?A.Passion. B.Character. C.Skill. D.Talent.14.Whyistheexamplementionedinthelastparagraph?A.Tointroducewhatrealtalentsare.B.Toexplainhowasongiscomposed.C.Toprovetalentsneedteamspirit.D.Toshowthebenefitsofbeingwithtalents.15.Whatmighttheauthorprobablyagreewith?A.Musichasnolimits.B.Musiciansarebornwithtalent.C.Musicfavorsthetalented.D.Musiciansarecreated,notborn.【答案】12.C13.A14.D15.D【解析】本文是一篇議論文。文章闡述了作者關(guān)于“天賦”的觀點(diǎn)，認(rèn)為天賦并不是天生的，而是可以通過練習(xí)與提能、熱情與激情、伴隨天才左右三個(gè)方面來創(chuàng)造出“天賦”。12.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Itis,infact,verylikelythatifsomeofus“talentedones”hadactuallybeenpracticingandimprovingourskill,wewouldhaveachievedawholedifferentlevel.”（事實(shí)上，如果我們中的一些“有才華的人”實(shí)際上一直在練習(xí)和提高我們的技能，我們很可能已經(jīng)達(dá)到了一個(gè)完全不同的水平。）可知，練習(xí)有助于天賦才能。故選C項(xiàng)。13.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“AsRemusBadeasaid,desireforthemusician-to-beissignificantforthemtobesuccessful.”（正如RemusBadea所說，對未來音樂家的渴望對他們的成功具有重要意義。）可知，渴望（即熱情）是很重要的。故選A項(xiàng)。14.推理判斷題。最后一段提到音頻制作人和藝術(shù)家的關(guān)系是為了驗(yàn)證作者關(guān)于天賦的第三個(gè)觀點(diǎn)，即前面提到的“havingtalentaroundyou”和“Themoretalentedpeopleinthegroup,themoretalentedthegroupisasawhole”，進(jìn)一步展示了和有才能的人在一起的好處(即自己也會變得更好)。故選D項(xiàng)。15.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“BeforeIstart,I’dliketosaythatonethingeveryoneagreesonisthatthemostskilledmusicianshaveworkedhardtogetthere.”（在我開始之前，我想說的是每個(gè)人都同意的一件事是，最熟練的音樂家已經(jīng)努力工作到達(dá)那里。）可推知，作者贊同音樂家是通過努力創(chuàng)造出來的，而不是天生的，故選D項(xiàng)。5BestFamilyVacationsinCanadaWhenlookingfortheidealdestinationforyournextfamilyvacationabroad,considerCanadaforitswiderangeofmulti-generationalentertainment.Usethislisttoplanyournexttripnorth,andvotebelowforyourfirst-choicedestinationbeforeyouheadout.NiagaraFallsThemaidofthemistboattourmayleaveyoufullywet,butitwon’twetyourspiritonyourtrip.Whenyou’renotadmiringthefalls,enjoytheblossomsattheNiagaraParksBotanicalGardens.Or,visittheAquarium(水族館)ofNiagara,whichhasmorethan1,500speciesofaquaticanimals.PrinceEdwardIslandThebackgroundforthe“AnneofGreenGables”stories,PrinceEdwardIslandoffersavarietyofoutdoorexperiences—fromsandybeachestowatersportslikekayakingtoexploringoneofeightlighthouses.Plus,PEIisaquickflightfromalmostanywhereontheeastcoast.WhistlerKidswilllovehittingtheslopes(斜坡)onWhistlerandBlackcombmountainsnearbyVancouver.Whistleralsofeatureseducationalactivities,suchastheSquamishLil’watCulturalCentre,forfamilieswhowanttogainsomelearningwhileonvacation.VancouverYou’llfindmostofVancouver’skid-centeredattractionsinGranvilleIslandandStanleyPark.Thenearly1,000-acreparkhastheVancouverAquarium,plusfourplaygrounds,andamini-train.Foramoreexcitingrush,walkacrossthe450-foot-longCapilanoSuspensionBridge.16.HowmayavisitorfeelduringtheboattouratNiagaraFalls?A.Disappointed. B.Excited. C.Scared. D.Surprised.17.Whichdestinationmayawatersportsloverchoose?A.NiagaraFalls. B.PrinceEdwardIsland. C.Whistler. D.Vancouver.18.WhatdoWhistlerandVancouverhaveincommon?A.Theyarefamousforbridges.B.Peoplecanvisitculturalcentres.C.Aquariumsarethemainattraction.D.Theyhaveattractionsforchildren.【答案】16.B17.B18.D【解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要向讀者介紹了幾個(gè)加拿大的適合家庭旅游的好去處。16.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章表格中的第一部分“Themaidofthemistboattourmayleaveyoufullywet,butitwon’twetyourspiritonyourtrip.”（霧中少女號之旅可能會讓你濕透，但這不會在旅途中打濕你的情緒）可知，游客乘船時(shí)的感受是興奮的。A.Disappointed.失望的；B.Excited.興奮的；C.Scared.害怕的；D.Surprised.驚訝的。故選B。17.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章表格中第二部分“Thebackgroundforthe“AnneofGreenGables”stories,PrinceEdwardIslandoffersavarietyofoutdoorexperiences—fromsandybeachestowatersportslikekayakingtoexploringoneofeightlighthouses.”（綠山墻的安妮故事的背景，愛德華王子島提供了各種各樣的戶外體驗(yàn)——從沙灘到皮劃艇等水上運(yùn)動，再到探索八座燈塔之一）可知，喜愛水上運(yùn)動的游客會選擇PrinceEdwardIsland。故選B。18.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章表格第三部分第一句“Kidswilllovehittingtheslopes(斜坡)onWhistlerandBlackcombmountainsnearbyVancouver.”（孩子們會喜歡在溫哥華附近的惠斯勒和黑梳山脈的斜坡玩耍的）以及第四部分“You’llfindmostofVancouver’skid-centeredattractionsinGranvilleIslandandStanleyPark.”（你會在在固蘭湖島和斯坦利公園發(fā)現(xiàn)溫哥華大多數(shù)以兒童為中心的景點(diǎn)）可知，作者Whistler和Vancouver景點(diǎn)的共同之處是都有適合孩子游玩的項(xiàng)目。故選D。6TheuseofAI(artificialintelligence)isbecomingmorecommoninmanybranchesofindustryandonlineshopping.Traditionallinesofwork,suchasgoodstransportanddriving,aredevelopinginasimilardirectionalthoughmainlyoutofpublicview.ScientistsattheUniversityofG?ttingenhavenowinvestigatedhowefficient(高效的)theuseofAIcanbeinthecommercialmanagementoftrucks.“Digitalapplications—aswellasmachineleaning,akindofAI—areincreasinglyappliedtooperationsandcoursesinthetransportarea,”explainsProfessorMatthiasKlumppfromtheFacultyofEconomics.“Thequestioninthecommercialarea,however,iswhetherornotthiscontributestoachievinggoals.”Toanswerthisquestion,theresearcherscomparedtheworkefficiencyoftruckdriverswiththeirmainuseofAIapplications.Lookingattradedeliverybytruck,theystudiedthreegroups:thefirstdrovecompletelyfollowinghumandecision-makingmodels;thesecondusedacombinationofhumanandmachine;andthethirddependedcompletelyonfullyautomateddecisions.Theresearchersfoundthatanintelligentcombinationofhumanworkanddecision-makingabilitieswithAIapplicationspromisesthehighesttransportanddrivingefficiency.“Onaverage,thesecondgroupachievedthemostefficienttransporttrips,withthefewestinterventions(干預(yù))andoff-coursefromthebestpath.”oneresearchersaid,“Clearly,neitheracompletelyhumandecision-makingstructurenorafullyautomateddrivingsystemcanpromisetomeetcurrentgoodstransportrequirements.”ThescientiststhereforesummarizedthatdespitetheprogressofAIinthefieldoftransportationbytruck,humanexperienceanddecision-makingabilitieswillstillbenecessaryinthelongerterm.However,thechallengeisthatawiderangeoftrainingandqualification(資格)needswillcomealongbyworkingwithAlapplications,especiallyforsimplegoodstransportactivities.19.WhatdoesMatthiasKlumppfocuson?A.TheefficiencyofAI.B.TheadvantagesofAI.C.TheproblemscausedbyAI.D.ThewideapplicationsofAI.20.Howdidtheresearchersgetthefinding?A.Byprovidingexamples.B.Bymakingcomparisons.C.Byusingdifferenttrucks.D.Bylistingthreeexperiments.21.Whatcanweknowfromthelastparagraph?A.Alisbetteratmakingdecisions.B.AbalanceisneededbetweenhumanandAI.C.HumanwillsoonbereplacedbyAIindriving.D.Alapplicationsmeetthecurrentrequirements.22.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.Thefutureoftransport.B.Artificialintelligenceasaco-driver.C.Artificialintelligence-abetterchoiceindriving.D.Thestrengthsofartificialintelligenceintransport.【答案】19.A20.D21.B22.B【解析】這是一篇說明文。主要介紹了人工智能在許多行業(yè)和網(wǎng)上購物中變得越來越普遍?？茖W(xué)家正在研究在卡車的商業(yè)管理中，人工智能的使用效率有多高，并通過實(shí)驗(yàn)得出結(jié)論——人與人工智能并存效率最高。19.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段最后一句“ScientistsattheUniversityofG?ttingenhavenowinvestigatedhowefficient(高效的)theuseofAIcanbeinthecommercialmanagementoftrucks.”（哥廷根大學(xué)的科學(xué)家已經(jīng)開始調(diào)查在卡車的商業(yè)管理中，人工智能的使用效率有多高）和第二段最后一句“Thequestioninthecommercialarea,however,iswhetherornotthiscontributestoachievinggoals.”（然而，在商業(yè)領(lǐng)域中的問題是這是不是有助于實(shí)現(xiàn)目標(biāo)）以及第三段第一句“Toanswerthisquestion,theresearcherscomparedtheworkefficiencyoftruckdriverswiththeirmainuseofAIapplications.”（為了回答這個(gè)問題，研究人員將卡車司機(jī)的工作效率與人工智能的主要應(yīng)用進(jìn)行了比較）可知，MatthiasKlumpp教授主要關(guān)注的是人工智能的效率。故選A。20.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Lookingattradedeliverybytruck,theystudiedthreegroups:thefirstdrovecompletelyfollowinghumandecision-makingmodels;thesecondusedacombinationofhumanandmachine;andthethirddependedcompletelyonfullyautomateddecisions.”（觀察用卡車運(yùn)送貨物，他們研究了三組：第一組完全按照人類的決定的模式來運(yùn)送，第二組用人類和機(jī)器的組合模式，第三組完全自動化的模式）可知，研究人員通過分三組實(shí)驗(yàn)來研究。故選D。21.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Theresearchersfoundthatanintelligentcombinationofhumanworkanddecision-makingabilitieswithAIapplicationspromisesthehighesttransportanddrivingefficiency”（研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)人類工作和決策能力與人工智能應(yīng)用的智能結(jié)合有著最高的運(yùn)輸和駕駛效率）可知，人與人工智能并存效率最高，所以需要人類和人工智能之間的平衡。故選B。22.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段“TheuseofAI(artificialintelligence)isbecomingmorecommoninmanybranchesofindustryandonlineshopping.”（人工智能在許多行業(yè)和網(wǎng)上購物中變得越來越普遍）最后一句“ScientistsattheUniversityofG?ttingenhavenowinvestigatedhowefficient(高效的)theuseofAIcanbeinthecommercialmanagementoftrucks.”（哥廷根大學(xué)的科學(xué)家已經(jīng)開始調(diào)查在卡車的商業(yè)管理中，人工智能的使用效率有多高）引出要談?wù)摰脑掝}，以及之后引出的實(shí)驗(yàn)——對比人和人工智能當(dāng)司機(jī)的效率，最好一段得出結(jié)論，人與人工智能并存效率最高，可知，文章最好的標(biāo)題“人工智能作為共同的司機(jī)”，凸顯文章主旨。故選B。7At88,Iremainacompetitiverunner.Thefinishlineofmylifeisdrawingclose,andIhopetoreachithavinggiventhebestofmyselfalongtheway.I’vebeentrainingmybodytomeetthedemandsofthisfinalstretch.But,Iwonder,shouldIhaveaskedmoreofmymind?IfIdidn’texercise,Iwouldreleasethehungrybeaststhatseektheirelderlypreyoncouches,butnotinthegym.ThemoreIsweated,themorelikelyitwasmydoctorwouldcontinuetosay,“Keepdoingwhatyou’redoing,andI’llseeyounextyear.”Mymind,ontheotherhand,seemslesswillingtogiveintodiscipline.IhavetriedInternet“braingames”,solvingalgebraicproblemsflashingpastandchangingtherouteofvirtualtrainstoavoidcrashes.ButtheseneverapproachmydeterminationtoremainphysicallyfitasImovedeeperintooldage.ThoughIhavemanyfriendsintheir70s,80sand90s,I’vebeenfartooslowtorealizethathowwerespondtoagingisachoicemadeinthemind,notinthegym.Someofmyhealthiestfriendscarrythemselvesasvictimsabusedbytime.Otherfriends,many,whoseachingkneesandhipsaretheleastoftheirphysicalproblems,findcomfortintheirabilitytoacceptoldageasjustanotherstageoflifetodealwith.Iwouldusetheworld“heroic”todescribethewaytheycopewithaging.Onesuchfriendrecentlycalledfromahospitaltotellmeasuddenbraindiseasehadmadehimlegallyblind.HeinterruptedmeasIbegantellinghimhowterriblysorryIwas:“Bob,itcouldhavebeenworse.Icouldhavebecomedeadinsteadofblind.”InspiteofallthetimeIspendliftingweightsandexercising,IrealizedIlackthestrengthtohavesaidthosewords.ItsuddenlystruckmethatI’vepaidapriceforbeinga“gymrat”.Ifthereisonecharacteristiccommontofriendswhoareagingwithagracefulacceptanceoflife’sattacks,itiscontentment.AginghadtobemorethanwhatIsawinamirror.ButratherthanundertakingafundamentalchangeinthewayIfaceaging.Ifelttheplacetobeginwouldbetostartsmall.Arecentlunchprovidedaperfectexample.I’vealwaysfounditextremelydifficulttoconcentratewhenI’minanoisysetting.Atthislunchwithafriendinanoutdoorrestaurant,alandscaperbeganblowingleavesfromunderneaththebushessurroundingourtable.Typically,aftersuchanoisyinterruption,Iwouldhavesnapped,“l(fā)et’swaituntilhe’sfinished!.”,thenfallensilent.Whentheroar(吼叫)eventuallyfaded,myroarwouldhavedrained(消耗)theconversationofanywarmth.Ittroubledmethatevenapassingdistraction(分心)couldsoeasilytakemefromenjoyinglunchwithagoodfriendtoaplacethatgavemenopleasureatall.Iwantedthismealtobedifferent.Myyearsingymshadtaughtmetoshakeoffpainsandotherdistractions,neverpermittingthemtostopmyworkoutorrun.Idecidedtotreatthenoisethisway.Icontinuedtalkingwithmyfriend,challengingmyselftohearthenoise,buttoholditatadistance.Thedisciplinewassofamiliartomeinthegym—thistimeappliedtomymind—provedequallyeffectiveintherestaurant.ItwasasthoughIhadtakenmybraintoamentalfitnesscenter.Learningtoignorealeafblower’sroarhardlyequipsmetofindcontentmentduringmypassageintoever-deeperoldage.ButIleftthelunchfeelingIhadatleasttakenasmallfirststepinchangingbehaviorthatstoodinthewayofthatcontentment.CouldIemploythatsamedisciplinetoacceptwithdignitytheunavoidabledeclineawaitingmelikethefinishline?HopingthatcontentmentwillguidemeasImakemywayalongthepathyettobetravelled.23.Theauthor’squestioninParagraph1impliesthat________.A.hefeelsunsatisfiedwiththeresultofthebraingames.B.hehasneverbelievedthenecessityofmindtraining.C.Hehasrealizedheshouldmentallyprepareforaging.D.hefeelsregretfornotsharpeninghisthinkingskills24.Whatcanwelearnfromtheauthor’sfriendmentionedinParagrph4?A.Hetakesphysicalillnessesastheycome.B.Hefearsthathisillnesswillbecomeworse.C.Heneedstofindawaythroughthosehardships.D.Heseeslifeasaseriesofdisappointments.25.Afterthatrecentlunch,theauthorrealizedthat________.A.hehadmadesmallchangestoadapttoaging.B.therestaurantwasnotanidealplaceforeatingC.distractionswerenotuncommonineverythinglife.D.hisroarhadspoiledthefriendlyconversation.26.Whichofthefollowingcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.BenefitsofRegularExerciseB.OldAgeHateandBlessingC.NeverTooOldtoLearnD.TheSecrettoAgingWell【答案】23.C24.A25.A26.D【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述作者一直鍛煉保持自己年輕的心態(tài)，但看到周圍朋友的經(jīng)歷，作者覺得應(yīng)該正視變老這個(gè)事實(shí)，做出一些小的改變來適應(yīng)衰老。23.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“At88,Iremainacompetitiverunner.Thefinishlineofmylifeisdrawingclose,andIhopetoreachithavinggiventhebestofmyselfalongtheway.I’vebeentrainingmybodytomeetthedemandsofthisfinalstretch.（88歲時(shí)，我仍然是一個(gè)有競爭力的跑步者。我生命的終點(diǎn)線就要接近了，我希望一路上盡我所能到達(dá)終點(diǎn)。我一直在訓(xùn)練我的身體，以滿足最后一次拉伸的需要。）”可知，雖然作者依然是一個(gè)有競爭力的跑步者，但他已經(jīng)步入老年。結(jié)合問句“But,Iwonder,shouldIhaveaskedmoreofmymind?（但是，我在想我應(yīng)該多問問我的大腦嗎？）”可推知，該問題暗示著作者認(rèn)為自己應(yīng)該為變老做好思想準(zhǔn)備。故選C。24.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“Onesuchfriendrecentlycalledfromahospitaltotellmeasuddenbraindiseasehadmadehimlegallyblind.HeinterruptedmeasIbegantellinghimhowterriblysorryIwas:“Bob,itcouldhavebeenworse.Icouldhavebecomedeadinsteadofblind.”（一位這樣的朋友最近從醫(yī)院打來電話告訴我，一場突發(fā)的腦部疾病使他在法律上失明。我開始告訴他我有多么抱歉，他打斷了我的話：“鮑勃，情況原本可能更糟。我本來會死而不是失明。”）”可知，作者的一位朋友接受了自己身體上的疾病，認(rèn)為沒死就已經(jīng)很好了。故選A。25.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段的“ButratherthanundertakingafundamentalchangeinthewayIfaceaging.Ifelttheplacetobeginwouldbetostartsmall.Arecentlunchprovidedaperfectexample.（但我沒有從根本上改變我面對衰老的方式。我覺得應(yīng)該從小事做起。最近的一次午餐就是一個(gè)很好的例子。）”可知，最近的一次午餐讓作者意識到他可以通過做出小的改變來應(yīng)對衰老。故選A。26.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章的主要內(nèi)容，尤其第一段“At88,Iremainacomp