2023年中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)名詞課件

開學(xué)第一講課標(biāo)語(yǔ)法項(xiàng)目及要求語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用(2020年~2022年)語(yǔ)法選擇完形填空短文填空1.名詞(1)可數(shù)名詞及其單、復(fù)數(shù)(2)不可數(shù)名詞(3)專有名詞

(4)名詞所有格2022年(1分)2021年(1分)2022年(2分)2021年(3分)2020年(3分)2022年(3分)2021年(1.5分)2020年(3分)考點(diǎn)2020年~2022年廣東省卷中考(語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用)語(yǔ)法選擇完形填空短文填空1.可數(shù)名詞及其單復(fù)數(shù)2021:1分(birds)/2022:1.5分(yes)2021:1.5分(letters)2020:1.5分(idea)2.不可數(shù)名詞//2022:1.5分(water)2020:1.5分(money)3.名詞所有格2022:1分(teacher’s)//4.名詞辨析/2022:2分(vegetables,family)2021:3分(advantage,space,reply)2020:3分(look,change,decision)/名詞定義-世界萬(wàn)物的名稱名詞是表示人、事物、地方、現(xiàn)象或抽象概念名稱的詞。從名詞所表示的事物的性質(zhì)看,可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞兩類?？蓴?shù)名詞有復(fù)數(shù)形式,不可數(shù)名詞一般沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。從名詞的類別看,個(gè)體名詞和集體名詞是可數(shù)名詞,物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞是不可數(shù)名詞。可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式一般可以用不定冠詞(a,an)修飾;不可數(shù)名詞一般不能用不定冠詞(a,an)修飾。專有名詞人名Mike、Jane地名Shanghai、London、TheGreatWall國(guó)名China、India、America、England、France語(yǔ)言Chinese、Indian、American、English、French星期月份節(jié)日Monday、WednesdayJanuary、FebruarytheSpringFestival、Mid-autumn~機(jī)構(gòu)山川河江海WTO、UN、UNCFMountHuang可數(shù)名詞及其單復(fù)數(shù)(2021語(yǔ)法選擇考)1.概念:一般來(lái)說(shuō),可以用數(shù)目來(lái)計(jì)算的事物或人的名詞,稱為可數(shù)名詞。2.可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞1.概念:物質(zhì)名詞和抽象名詞無(wú)法用數(shù)目來(lái)計(jì)算,稱為不可數(shù)名詞。不可數(shù)名詞通常無(wú)復(fù)數(shù)形式。2.在沒(méi)有量詞的情況下,不可數(shù)名詞前不能用a,an這兩個(gè)不定冠詞。特別advice,confidence,time,money,news,housework,homework,knowledge,music,help,information,trouble,fun,success,surprise,progress,pity,pleasure,treasure,shame3.常見(jiàn)的不可數(shù)名詞:類別例子飲食milk,water,tea,wine,food,beef,rice,bread,salt,corn,soup,oil,meat,pork,wheat,juice,coffee,beer,cheese,butter材料wood,gold,glass,silk,plastic,cotton,wool,metal自然earth,light,rain,wind,ice,grass,weather,snow,fire,universe,sunshine名詞可數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)不可數(shù)paper報(bào)紙,試卷,論文紙張chicken小雞雞肉weight砝碼,秤砣體重fish魚魚肉orange橘子橙色,橙汁exercise練習(xí)鍛煉room房間空間experience經(jīng)歷經(jīng)驗(yàn)4.某些名詞表示物質(zhì)或抽象概念時(shí)是不可數(shù)的,而在表示個(gè)體概念時(shí)是可數(shù)的。如:5.不可數(shù)名詞的量不可數(shù)名詞要表示“一件”“一個(gè)”等量的概念時(shí),要用“數(shù)詞+表示量的名詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞”來(lái)表示。如:a

piece

of

paper一張紙

two

pieces

of

paper

兩張紙

a

cup

of

tea

一杯茶

five

cups

of

tea

五杯茶

a

bottle

of

juice

一瓶果汁

four

bottles

of

juice

四瓶果汁

(

)1.(2018廣東,單項(xiàng)填空)Thethree

upstairsaretoosmalltohaveenough

foradoublebed.

A.room;room

B.room;rooms

C.rooms;room

D.rooms;rooms2.(2022廣東,短文填空)Atthattime,peoplemadeteainasimplewayjustputfreshtealeavesintohot71.

.

water

C可數(shù)名詞規(guī)則讀音例子1.一般情況下,直接在名詞后加-s在清輔音后讀/s/book→books,tip→tips在濁輔音以及元音后讀/z/car→cars,pig→pigs,tree→trees在t后,一起讀/ts/coat→coats,student→students在d后,一起讀/dz/word→words,hand→hands2.以s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的名詞后加-es發(fā)音為/?z/glass→glasses,box→boxes,brush→brushes,watch→watches3.以f(e)結(jié)尾的詞,變f(e)為v,再加-es發(fā)音為/vz/leaf→leaves,knife→knives,shelf→shelves,life→lives4.以y結(jié)尾的名詞以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的名詞,變y為i,再加-es一般ies讀/?z/baby→babies,city→cities以“元音字母+y”結(jié)尾的名詞,在詞尾加-s發(fā)音為/z/toy→toys,boy→boys,day→days5.以o結(jié)尾的名詞以“輔音字母+o”結(jié)尾的本族詞,加-es發(fā)音為/z/hero→heroes,tomato→tomatoes,potato→potatoes以“元音字母+o”結(jié)尾或以“輔音字母+o”結(jié)尾的外來(lái)詞、縮寫詞等,加-s發(fā)音為/z/photo→photos,piano→pianos

3.可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化規(guī)則例子1.改變名詞中的元音字母或其他變化形式man→,foot→,tooth→2.單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同sheep,deer,fish,Chinese3.只能用復(fù)數(shù)形式,與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式連用trousers,clothes,glasses,sunglassesmenfeetteeth規(guī)則例子4.形式上為復(fù)數(shù),但意義為單數(shù),與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的單數(shù)形式連用news,maths5.一些集體名詞形式上為單數(shù),意義上為復(fù)數(shù)people,

police,

cattle(家畜),

staff(工作人員)6.集體名詞表示由若干個(gè)體組成的集合體。集體名詞作主語(yǔ),如視為整體,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù);如視為個(gè)體成員,謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。family,class,team,group,armyOur

team

needs

money

to

play

in

another

city.我們隊(duì)需要錢去另一個(gè)城市比賽。My

family

are

very

well.我的家人都很好。7.復(fù)數(shù)形式表示特殊含義times(時(shí)代),

drinks(飲料),manners(禮貌),

looks(外表),brains(頭腦,智力),

greens(青菜)8.表示“某國(guó)人”變復(fù)數(shù)口訣:中日不變英法變,其余s加后面中日不變:Chinese→Chinese,

Japanese→Japanese英法變:Englishman→Englishmen,

Frenchman→Frenchmen;其余s加后面:American→Americans,

German→Germans9.由兩個(gè)名詞組成的復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí),常將最后一個(gè)名詞變復(fù)數(shù)。但如果第一個(gè)名詞是man或woman時(shí),兩個(gè)名詞都要變復(fù)數(shù)。twogirlstudents

fiveappletreestenwomenteachers

threemennurses(

)1.(2021廣東,語(yǔ)法選擇)Peoplecouldenjoythescenery(風(fēng)景)andwatch

36

there.

A.bird B.birds C.bird’s D.birds’(

)2.(2020廣州,語(yǔ)法選擇)Thebandittakesonebookandshouts,“NexttimeIwant

9

!”

A.somemoney

B.anymoney

C.somemoneys

D.anymoneysAB3.(2021廣東,短文填空)LaoPan’snewbookincludeshisforty-seven73.

tohisfamilybackinAmerica.ThelettersshowChina’sdevelopmentindifferentperiods.

letters

名詞所有格用法例子1.名詞所有格形式的構(gòu)成(1)單數(shù)名詞后加’s,其讀音與名詞復(fù)數(shù)結(jié)尾的讀音相同the

girl’s

father女孩的父親(2)以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加’two

hours’

walk兩個(gè)小時(shí)的步行(3)不以s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞后加’sWomen’s

Day婦女節(jié)用法例子2.表示有生命名詞的所有格,單數(shù)形式是加’s,復(fù)數(shù)形式加’(s)students’

rooms

學(xué)生的房間father’s

shoes

父親的鞋3.表示時(shí)間、距離、長(zhǎng)度、重量、價(jià)格等名詞的所有格用’s或s’one

hour’s

walk一小時(shí)的步行ten

miles’

journey十英里的旅程two

pounds’

weight兩磅的重量4.無(wú)生命名詞的所有格則用of結(jié)構(gòu)a

map

of

China

一張中國(guó)地圖the

end

of

this

term這學(xué)期末5.表示共同所有的名詞,只需在最后一個(gè)名詞后加’sTom

and

Mike’s

room湯姆和邁克共有的一間房6.表示分別所有的名詞,需在每個(gè)名詞后都加’sMary’s

and

Jenny’s

bikes瑪麗和詹妮各自的自行車7.雙重所有格a

friend

of

my

mother’s我媽媽的一個(gè)朋友a(bǔ)

picture

of

Tom’s湯姆的一張圖片8.表示商鋪、某人的家、診所或餐館等時(shí),名詞所有格后的名詞可以省略at

my

uncle’s在我叔叔的家里at

the

doctor’s在醫(yī)生的診所里9.可用’s或of短語(yǔ)表示的名詞所有格the

boy’s

name=the

name

of

the

boy男孩的名字the

dog’s

legs=the

legs

of

the

dog狗的腿China’s

population=the

population

of

China中國(guó)的人口China’s

capital=the

capital

of

China中國(guó)的首都(

)1.(2022廣東,語(yǔ)法選擇)Atschool,shewashermusic

33

favoritestudent.

A.teacher

B.teachers

C.teacher’sC1.cloth,

clothes,

clothing與dress辨析(1)cloth作不可數(shù)名詞,指“布,布料”;作可數(shù)名詞,指“(一塊)布,抹布,桌布”。(2)clothes指具體的衣服,包括內(nèi)衣、外衣,不能與數(shù)詞連用。(3)clothing是服裝的總稱,不僅包括內(nèi)衣、外衣,還包括帽

子、鞋襪、手套之類,無(wú)復(fù)數(shù)。(4)dress作不可數(shù)名詞時(shí),指外衣,尤指社交場(chǎng)合穿的服裝。作可數(shù)名詞時(shí),常指連衣裙。名詞辨析練習(xí)①adish___________

②Iwanttobuysports___________.③Nowpeopleareallintheirwinter___________. ④Sheworeablue___________lastnight.cloth

clothes

clothing

dress

2.dinner與meal辨析(1)dinner是指“正餐(午飯或晚飯)”或“宴會(huì)”。(2)meal是指“一餐(一頓飯)”。練習(xí)①Let’sgoandhave___________together.

②Whattimedoyouusuallyhaveyour___________?dinnermeals

3.sound,

voice與noise辨析(1)sound“聲音”,指耳朵能聽(tīng)到的各種聲音,多作可數(shù)名詞。(2)voice“聲音”,主要指人的聲音。(3)noise指“噪音”,可以作可數(shù)名詞,也可作不可數(shù)名詞,詞組有makeanoise等。練習(xí)①Iheardthe___________ofthegunfire!②Theteachersaidinaloud___________,“Pleasekeepsilent!”③Buteverynightheheardthe___________upstairs.soundvoice

noise

4.job與work辨析“工作,勞動(dòng)”,但job是可數(shù)名詞,work是不可數(shù)名詞。練習(xí)①Shegota___________ofwashingclothes.

②Ittakesalotof___________tobuildabuilding.job

work

5.person,

people與man辨析這三個(gè)詞有共同之處,都有“人”的意思,但也有不同之處。(1)person指“人(男人或女人)”,有單數(shù)形式,也有復(fù)數(shù)形式。(2)people是復(fù)數(shù)形式,指“人民;人們”,不能指一個(gè)人。(3)man專指“男人”,也指“人類,(特定歷史時(shí)期的)人”(不用復(fù)數(shù)形式,不加冠詞)。練習(xí)①Two_____________________arewaitingforyou. ②Helivedforthe___________anddiedforthepeople.③Thedamagecausedby___________totheenvironmentismoreandmoreserious.persons/men/people

people

man

6.problem與question辨析“問(wèn)題”,都是可數(shù)名詞,但它們所含的意思并不相同。(1)question一般是指等待回答的“問(wèn)題;提問(wèn)”。(2)problem一般是指等待解決(solve)或決定(decide)的“問(wèn)題;難題”。練習(xí)①M(fèi)ayIasksome___________?

②That’sno___________.Icanlendyoumymoney.questions

problem

7.floor與ground辨析兩者都有“地面、地上”的含義。其區(qū)別:floor一般指室內(nèi)的地上、地板、地面。而ground常指室外的地面,也可泛指地球表面。練習(xí)①Hewassittingonthe___________whenIcamein.②The___________iswetnow.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.floor

ground

8.road,

way與street辨析(1)road“公路;馬路”,指兩側(cè)之間可以通行人或車輛的大道。

“在馬路上”一般用ontheroad?！按┻^(guò)馬路”用crosstheroad(或goacrosstheroad)。(2)way“路線;路途;方法”等,統(tǒng)指從一地到另一地的路途。常用固定詞組有inthisway(用這種方式),onthewayto(在去……的路上),getinthewayof(擋道)等。(3)street“街道”,其兩邊有建筑物。“在街上”一般用inthestreet。“穿過(guò)街道,走到街道的另一頭”一般用gothroughthestreet。練習(xí)①Excuseme,canyoutellmethe___________tothepostoffice?②Whenhewenthome,hesawanoldwomanlyinginthe___________.③The___________inthisvillageiswiderthanbefore.way

street

road

9.family與home辨析(1)family“家;家庭”,也可指全體家庭成員。(2)home“家”,帶有眷戀等感情色彩。練習(xí)①Tomhasabig_______________.Therearesixpeopleinhis___________.②ShehasbeeninShenzhenfor10years.Shenzhenhasbecomehersecond___________.family

homefamily

10.idea,

advice與suggestion辨析(1)idea“主意”,是可數(shù)名詞,如:agoodidea一個(gè)好主意。(2)advice“建議,忠告”,是不可數(shù)名詞,如:apieceofadvice一個(gè)忠告;一個(gè)建議。(3)suggestion“建議”,是可數(shù)名詞,如:twosuggestions兩條建議。練習(xí)①Canyougivemesome___________________onhowtolearnEnglishwell?②Hehasgotagood___________todealwithhisoldbooks.③Mr.Gaoissokindtogiveusseveral

.

idea

suggestionsadvice/suggestions

C一、語(yǔ)法點(diǎn)單句特訓(xùn)(

)1.(2022·云南中考)MissLihaslotsofteaching

.Shehasherownwaystomakeclasseslivelyandinteresting.

A.exercise

B.excitement

C.experience

D.environment綜合訓(xùn)練(

)2.(2022·新疆中考)—Ifindtherearemoreandmoreoverweightchildreninourschool.—Exactly,soweshouldhavegoodeating

.

A.tasks

B.choices

C.grades

D.habits(

)3.(2022·甘肅武威中考)The

rangandPatansweredit.ItwashissoncallingfromNewYork.

A.telephone

B.doorbell

C.clock

D.bikeAD(

)4.(2022·云南昆明中考)—DoyouknowMarch21stisWorldSleepDay?Sleepisimportanttous.—Yes.Agoodsleepgivesus

andmakesushappy.

A.truth

B.fame

C.energy

D.culture(

)5.(2022·浙江溫州中考)—Jack,Ihavenoideaforthereport.—Meneither.Whydon’tweasktheteacherfor

?

A.help

B.jokes

C.food

D.ticketsAC(

)6.(2022·江蘇宿遷中考)Mygrandmaisgoodatpaper-cutting.Shecancutoutpicturesinthe

ofcartooncharacters.

A.ability

B.weight

C.shape

D.quality(

)7.(2022·重慶中考)Thisyear,thefamilywentcampingon

Day,June1st.

A.Child

B.Child’s

C.Children

D.Children’sDC(

)8.(2022·黑龍江綏化中考)Withtheintroductionofthe“doublereduction”policy(雙減政策),oneofthe

thatthestudentshavelesshomework.

A.changes;is

B.change;is

C.changes;are(

)9.(2022·黑龍江綏化中考)

fatherisapilot.Hehasbeentomanycountriesaroundtheworld.

A.TonyandPeter’s

B.Tony’sandPeter

C.Tony’sandPeter’sAA(

)10.(2021·西藏中考)All

receivedfreshflowersonWomen’sDay.

A.womanteacher

B.womanteachers

C.womenteachers

D.womenteacherC1.詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)法

(含同根詞)(2020廣東)Asyearswentby,Mr.Smithwasboredofhislook…Inthenextfewweeks,Mr.Smith’sinterestinhis

46

keptgrowing.Heboughtneweyes,newhandsandnewfeet.

A.shape

B.age

C.life

D.look(由上文的“史密斯先生厭倦了他的外表”以及下文“他買了新的眼睛、手和腳”,可知史密斯先生對(duì)他的“外表”的興趣持續(xù)增長(zhǎng)。為上文“l(fā)ook”的原詞復(fù)現(xiàn),故選D。)名詞的考法二、小語(yǔ)篇特訓(xùn)(一)語(yǔ)法選擇Chinesepeopleindifferentareascelebratedthe

1

inanumberofdifferent

2

.Aflag-raisingceremonywasheldinHongKongandMacao.AdragonboatracewasheldinGuangxi.AlightshowwasheldinQingdaoandNewYork.AllChinesepeoplecelebratedtheNationalDaytoexpresstheir

3

forthemotherland.

(

)1.A.nationalDay B.nationalday C.NationalDay(

)2.A.way B.ways C.way’s(

)3.A.love B.lovely C.lovingABC2.語(yǔ)境推斷法和詞匯的邏輯關(guān)系。根據(jù)上下文的語(yǔ)境提示或暗示來(lái)推敲答案,切勿以自己的主觀判斷脫離文章進(jìn)行選擇。如:①(2022廣東)Onthetableshelaysoutsome

41

inseason,suchascarrotsandtomatoes.

A.fruits

B.flowers

C.leaves

D.vegetables(下文提到的carrots和tomatoes都屬于蔬菜,

選D。)(二)完形填空InParisduringthesummerof1840,ImetastrangeandinterestingyoungmannamedAugustDupin.Dupinwasthelastmemberofafamilywhichoncehadgreat

4

.Buthehimselfwasfarfromrich.

Wefirstmetinanoldbookshop.Afewmoremeetingsbyaccidentatsuch

5

followed.Soon,webegantotalk.Iwassurprisedathowwidelyhehadread.Heseemedtohaveagreat

6

abouteverything.Ifeltthatthe

7

ofsuchamanwouldbe,forme,richeswithoutprice.

IsoonnoticedthatDupinhadanamazingwayofunderstandingpeople.Usingitgavehimgreat

8

.Hetoldmeonce,withasoftlaugh,thathecouldseethroughthewindowswhatmostmenhadovertheirhearts.

(

)4.A.weight

B.wealth

C.health

D.victory(

)5.A.books

B.roads

C.shops

D.homes(

)6.A.feelingsB.thought

C.knowledgeD.opinions(

)7.A.work

B.money

C.serviceD.friendship(

)8.A.luck

B.trouble

C.pleasure

D.praiseCDCCB1.熟記哪些是不可數(shù)名詞。2.熟記后加名詞單數(shù)的標(biāo)志詞(a,an,

one,

either,

each,

every,

this,

that等)。3.聯(lián)系上下文,找到填名詞復(fù)數(shù)的根據(jù)。①(2021廣東)LaoPan’snewbookincludeshisforty-seven

73

tohisfamilybackinAmerica.ThelettersshowChina’sdevelopmentindifferentperiods.

(下文the

letters,

說(shuō)明上文提到letters,填letters。)(三)短文填空MumandIwerejustgoingoutwhenitbegantorain.Wehadtostayat9.

,andIfeltquitebored.Mumgotan10.

.Shesuggestedteachingmetomakedumplings.Ithoughtitcouldbefun,soIsaidOK.Mumcutthemeatandcabbagesintosmallpiecesquickly.Thensheshowedmehowtomixthemwithsaltandoil.“Mixingisthemostimportantofallthesteps,”Withher11.

,everythingwasready.Dadcamebackhomefromhisoffice.

help

idea

home

Togetherthethreeofuswrapped(包)the12.

.Atlast,wecookedandatethem.TheyweresodeliciousthatIatemorethantwenty.ThatwasthefirsttimeIlearnttomakedumplings.Itwasenjoyable!

dumplings

一、語(yǔ)法選擇(2022·佛山順德區(qū)中考二模改編)Oneday,DavidandSharondecidedtogoforawalkinthesnow.“OhDavid,lookatthatwonderfulviewofourgarden!We’resoluckytoliveinsuch

1

beautifulplace,aren’twe?”shoutedSharon.

“Yes,Ithinkso,butitcouldbeeven

2

,”answeredDavid.“Whatdoyoumean?”askedSharon.

“Well,lookatthoselittlebirds.I’mnotsosure

3

ornottheylikethetreesinsnow.Thepoorlittlethingscan’tfindanythingtoeat.We

4

theviewnow,butthebirdsaresocoldandhungry!”saidDavid.

“Iunderstand!You’reright,David.Weshoulddosomething

5

thosehungrybirds,”saidSharon.Afterawhile,Davidsaid,“Whydon’twemake

6

deliciousbirdfoodandputitoutsidesothatthebirdscanenjoyit?”

Bothofthemgotbusyinthekitchenmakingfood

7

thebirds.Thefoodwasgoodenoughtokeepthebirdsgoingwhentheground

8

insnowandtheycouldn’tfindanyfood.Sureenough,thebirdscameflyingtothe

9

home-madehouse,whichtheyhungfromthetreesinDavid’sgarden.

10

warmwinterforthebirds!Allwinterlong,thebirdswerewell-fedandeveryonewashappyagain.

(

)1.A.a

B.an

C.the

(

)2.A.good

B.better

C.best

(

)3.A.why

B.how

C.whether

(

)4.A.enjoyed

B.areenjoyingC.willenjoy

(

)5.A.help

B.tohelp

C.helping

(

)6.A.many

B.any

C.some

(

)7.A.to

B.with

C.for(

)8.A.iscovered

B.iscovering

C.wascovered

(

)9.A.child

B.children

C.children’s

(

)10.A.How

B.Whata

C.WhatanBCCCCBBCBA二、完形填空(2022·安徽中考改編)Yourbraindoesn’thavetodoanythingextra(額外的)totellthetruth.Youthinkofwhatyouwanttosay,andyousayit.Butlying

11

muchmorework.

Here’san

12

ofwhatgoesintoasimplelie.Imagineyou’relateforclassandtheteacheraskswhyandyoudecidetolie.Younowhavetoeithercameupwitha

13

orrememberthestoryyou

14

asyouwererushingtoclass.Soyousay,“Ihadtostopbythe

15

andborrowedabook.”Yourteacherasks,“ThebookIrecommended(推薦)lastperiod?”

Youmustdecidehowtoanswer

16

.Ifyousayyes,theteachermightaskyoutoshowherthebook.Orshemight

17

youtoreaditinclass.Ifyousayitisa

18

book,shemightaskwhichbookyou’vecheckedout.Soyouhavetobereadywiththe

19

ofanotherbookandmakesureit’sabooktheschoollibraryowns.

Yougiveyour

20

atonofextrawork!Whynotjusttellthetruth?It’smucheasier.

(

)11.A.refuses

B.avoids

C.takes

D.fixes(

)12.A.example

B.ability

C.intervie