部分語法講解虛擬

GrammarandusageUnrealconditionalsReadthefollowingsentences:

Ifmyhusbandhadn’tbeen

caughtintherain,hewouldnothavegotafever.NothingwouldhavehappenedtohimifhehadnotvisitedhisfriendonSaturday.

IfIwereyou,IwouldnothavevisitedthefriendonSaturday.Theverbformsintheabovesentencescanalsobecalledthesubjunctive.

whathasbeensaidinthesentencesisunreal.Canyousaythesentencesinanotherway,notusingtheunrealconditionals?

Myhusbandwascaughtintherain,sohegotafever.

HevisitedhisfriendonSaturday,sosomethinghappenedtohim.

Iamnotyou,soIvisitedthefriendonSaturday.Studythefollowingtable:從句主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反動詞的過去式（be的過去式一般用were）would/should/could/might+動詞原形與過去事實相反had+過去分詞

would/should/could/might+have+過去分詞與將來事實相反

動詞過去式，should+動詞原形，wereto+動詞原形would/should/could/might+動詞原形Usethethreestructurestotranslatesomesentences.

如果我是一個學生，我將更加努力地學習。

IfIwereastudent,Iwouldstudymuchharder.如果你昨天去聽音樂會的話，你將會遇到她了。

如果明天下雨的話，會議將會推遲。Ifyouhadgonetotheconcertyesterday,youwouldhavemether.

Ifitrainedtomorrow,themeetingwouldbeputoff.Note:在條件句中如果出現(xiàn)were,had,should可省去if，將主語與這些詞倒裝，例如：Hadthedoctorcomelastnight,theboywouldhavesaved.WereItogotothemoononeday,Iwouldseeitwithmyowneyes.

Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldstayathome.

Changethefollowingsentencesintotheirnormalorderandcomparethedifferencesbetweenthetwotypesofsentences.

Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoouting.Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoouting.

Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemetmysister.Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemetmysister.Wereyoutotakethetrain,youwouldbetheremuchsooner.Ifyouweretotakethetrain,youwouldbetheremuchsooner.Note:虛擬條件句中值得注意問題：用介詞短語替代條件狀語從句，常見的短語有：with,without,butforWhatwouldyoudowithamilliondollars?(ifyouhadamilliondollars)Wecouldn’thavefinishedtheworkaheadoftimewithoutyourhelp.(ifwehadn’tgotyourhelp.Butfortherain(ifithadn’tbeenfortherain),wewouldhavefinishedthework.注意一個句型：ifitwerenotfor/ifithadn’tbeenfor---without,butforIfitwerenotfortheexpense,wewouldgoabroadnow.Ifithadnotbeenforthecaptain,theshipwouldhavesunk.-------Haditnotbeenforthecaptain,theshipwouldhavesunk.Note:含蓄條件句：有時為了表達需要，不總是出現(xiàn)if引導的條件句，而是通過其他手段來代替．Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeet.Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutitAmanwhostoppeddrinkingwaterwouldbedeadinaboutsevendays.Imighthavegivenyoumorehelp,butIwastoobusy.Everythingtakenintoconsideration,theywouldhaveraisedtheiroutputquickly.Givenmoretime,wecouldhavedonetheworkmuchbetter.

1.TheboywhowentswimmingintheNo-swimmingZonedrownedintheriver.

Iftheboyhadn’tgoneswimmingintheNo-swimmingZone,hewouldn’thavedrownedintheriver.

HadtheboynotgoneswimmingintheNo-swimmingZone,hewouldn’thavedrownedintheriver.Rewritethefollowingsentencesusingsubjunctivemood:2.Billywasbadlybittenbymosquitoesbecauseheforgottousethemosquitonetlastnight.

IfBillyhadrememberedtousethemosquitonetlastnight,hewouldnothavebeenbittenby…

HadBillyrememberedtousethemosquitonetlastnight,hewouldnothavebeenbittenby…3.Themothercarelesslyputtheknifewithinthebaby’sreach,andthebabycutherselfwhileplayingit.

Ifthemotherhadcarefullyputtheknifeoutofthebaby’sreach,thebabywouldn’thavecutherself.

Hadthemothercarefullyputtheknifeoutofthebaby’sreach,thebabywouldn’thavecutherself.4.Thestudentsgotfood-poisoningaftereatingthepotatoesinthedining-room.

Ifthestudentshadnoteatenthepotatoesinthedinning-room,theywouldn’thavegotfood-poisoning.

Hadthestudentsnoteatenthepotatoesinthedinning-room,theywouldn’thavegotfood-poisoning.5.Theparentsputthethermosontheground.Theirsonkickeditandgotburnt.

Iftheparentshadputthethermosinasafeplace,theirsonwouldn’thavekickeditandgotburnt.

Hadtheparentsputthethermosinasafeplace,theirsonwouldn’thavekickeditandgotburnt.鏈接高考1．Iwasreallyanxiousaboutyou.You_____homewithoutaword.(NMET200133)mustn'tleave B.shouldn'thaveleftC.couldn'thaveleft D.needn'tleave

2．—Howdoyou___wegotoBeijingforourholidays?(04福建)

—Ithinkwe’dbetterflythere.It’smuchmorecomfortable.

A．insist

B．want

C．suppose

D．suggest

3.Ihavelostoneofmygloves.I

itsomewhere.mustdrop B.musthavedroppedC.mustbedropping D.musthavebeendropped4.Elizarememberseverythingexactly

asifit___yesterday.(06全國I)washappeningB.happensC.hashappenedD.happened5._______fired,yourhealthcareand

otherbenefitswillnotbeimmediately

cutoff.WouldyoubeB.ShouldyoubeC.CouldyoubeD.MightyoubeConsolidation

I.Multiplechoice:1.IfI____wherehelived,I____anotetohim.knew,would B.hadknown,wouldhavesentC.know,wouldsend D.knew,wouldhavesent2.Maryisilltoday.Ifshe_____,she____

absentfromschool.werenotill;wouldn'tbe B.hadbeenill;wouldn'thavebeenC.hadbeenill;shouldhavebeen D.hadn'tbeenill;couldbe3.Ifyouhadenoughmoney,what________?willyoubuy B.wouldyoubuy C.wouldyouhavebought D.willyouhavebought4.WereItodoit,I________itsomeotherway.willdoB.woulddo C.wouldhavedoneD.weretodo5.I________himtheanswer________possible,butIwassobusythen.couldtell;ifithadbeen B.musthavetold;wereitC.shouldhavetold;haditbeen D.shouldhavetold;shoulditbe6.Youdidn'ttakehisadvice.________his

advice,you________suchamistake.Hadyoutaken;wouldn'thavemade B.Ifyouhadtaken;wouldmake

C.Wereyoulotake;shouldn’thavemade

D.Haveyoutaken;wonthavemade7.----Ifhe_____,he______thatfood.----Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.

A.waswarned;wouldnottake B.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottaken D.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottaken8.Ididn'tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe_________,shewouldhavemetmybrother.

A.hascomeB.didcome C.cameD.hadcome9.Janewouldneverhavegonetotheparty________thatMarywouldcometoseeher.

A.hassheknownB.hadsheknown C.ifsheknowD.ifshehasknown10.Ididn’tknowhistelephonenumber.____it,I____then.HadIknown,wouldringhimup B.ShouldIknow,wouldhaverunghimupC.IfIknew;wouldringhimup D.HadIknown;wouldhaverunghimupII.Translation:1.如果你聽了醫(yī)生的話，你早就恢復健康了。

Ifyouhadlistenedtothedoctor,youwouldhavealreadyrecovered.2．如果沒有虛擬語氣，英語將容易多了。

Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,Englishwouldbemucheasier.3．如果她更加努力的話，她就成功了。

Ifshehadworkedharder,shewouldhavesucceeded.4．萬一他不來，你將代替他。

Shouldhenotcome,youwouldtakehisplace.5．如果我是你，我將不回這個電話。IfIwereyou,Iwouldn'treturnthecall.6.如果我的女兒不忙的話，她將會來幫助你。

Weremydaughternotsobusy,shewouldcometohelpyou.wish引導的虛擬句IwishIrememberedtheaddress.我要是記得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）Iwishhehadnotleft.要是他沒有離開這里就好了。（他已離開）Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.要是明天下雨就好了。（說話人以預料明天不會下雨）wish+thatclausedid/werehaddone

would/might/could/dowish后面的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣Exercises:“HaveyouvisitedtheScienceMuseum?”“No,butIreallywishI_______.”

A.had B.did C.have D.willAIdidn’tgototheparty,butIdowishI_____there.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wentCIwishI_________youyesterday.A.seeB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretoseeC

Thepictureexhibitionboredmetodeath.IwishI___________toit.A.hadn’tgoneB.haven’tgoneC.didn’tgoD.couldnothavegoneAHowIwishI__________that!Everybodypresentwasangrywithme.A.didn’tgoB.hadn’tdoneC.wouldn’tdoD.wasn’tdoingB-----Heisabraveman.-----Yes,IwishI_________hiscourage.A.HaveB.hadC.willhaveD.wouldhaveBTomcantakehiscarapartandputitbacktogetheragain.Icertainlywishhe_____mehow.A.teachesB.willteachC.hastaughtD.wouldteachDWhenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit__________.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbrokenCTheactoris58yearsold.Butheactsasifhe_______ayoungman.A.isB.willbeC.amD.wereDThecloudsaregettingdarkeranddarker.Itlooksasifit_______rain.A.isgoingtoB.willC.wasgoingtoD.wouldA

HowIwishI_________suchagoodchancebefore.A.didn’tseeB.hadn’tmissedC.metD.havegotBIwishtherain_________stop.A.willB.wouldC.mayD.canBShesingsasifshe_________aboy.A.isB.wasC.wereD.areCWefeltasifwe_________eachotherforyears.A.knewB.wereknowingC.hadknownD.haveknowingC名詞性從句中要求用虛擬語氣的動詞suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist,requireetc.引導的賓語從句要用虛擬語氣，以(should)+v原的形式出現(xiàn)。

Weallsuggestthathe(should)finishhishomeworkfirst.Thecaptaincommandedthatallthesailors

(should)getdowntoworkatonce.It’ssuggested(ordered,demanded,proposed,commanded,requested,desired,insisted,required,necessary,important,strange,natural,apity)that…后面的主語從句中要使用虛擬語氣，也以(should)+v原.的形式出現(xiàn)。It’sorderedthatonlyGerman(should)betaughtatschoolsinAlsasandLorin.

It’srequestedthatallthestudents(should)wearschooluniformsatschool.

以上這些動詞的名詞形式后面的表語從句和同位語從句中也要用虛擬語氣，也應以

(should)+v原.的形式出現(xiàn)。Mysuggestionisthatyou(should)gohomefirstbeforecominghere.Hisrequestthathiscost(should)bepaid

bythehouriscompletelyreasonable.WeallagreetohissuggestionthatweshouldgotoBeijingforsightseeing.

虛擬語氣在asif(asthough),evenif(even)用法Helooksasifhewereanartist.ShespeaksEnglishsofluentlyasifshehadstudiedEnglishinAmerica.Evenifhewerehere,hecouldnotsolvetheproblem.

其它用法１．Ifonly引導的感嘆句相當于wish的賓語從句．IfonlyIwereaflyingbird.IfonlyIhadseenthefilm.2.Itishightimethat…….Itis(high)timethatyouwent/shouldgotoschool.

3.Wish賓語從句中的省略形式------Haveyoufoundtheanswertothequestion?------IwishIhadIcan’tgotoSuzhouwithyou,butIwishIwould.Languagepointshabit:noun[CorU]

somethingthatyoudooftenandregularly,sometimeswithoutknowingthatyouaredoingit:

Ialwaysbuythesamebrandoftoothpastejustoutof(=becauseof)habit.

出于習慣我總是買相同品牌的牙膏.Iusedtoswimtwiceaweek,butIseemtohavegotoutof(=ended)thehabitrecently.

我過去一個星期游兩次泳,但最近我似乎戒除了這一習慣.2.sound:verb

1）soundgood/interesting/strange,etc.toseemgood/interesting/strange,etc.fromwhatissaidorwritten:

Yourjobsoundsreallyinteresting.你的工作聽起來真的很有趣.2）soundlike/asif/asthoughtoseemlikesomething,fromwhatissaidorwritten:

Thatsoundslikeagoodidea.

Itsoundslikeyou'vegotasorethroat.

Itsoundsasiftheyhadagoodholiday.

那聽起來象個好主意.聽起來你好象喉嚨疼.聽起來他們好象度過了一個愉快的假期.鏈接高考（2006湖北）

—Iwaswonderingifwecouldgoskiing