北京市密云區(qū)高三英語上學(xué)期期中試題（含解析）

北京市密云區(qū)2021屆高三英語上學(xué)期期中試題（含解析）第一部分：知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，25分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題；每小題1分，共10分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。“Justsignhere,sir,”thedeliverymansaidashehandedOscarReynaapackage.Thepackageconsistedofalong,narrowboxcarefullywrappedinbrownpaper.___1___thebox,Oscarsawanumbrellainside—averyoldonewithabeautifullycarvedwoodenhandle.Althoughhehadnotseenitinmorethan20years,herecognizedit___2___.Oscarwas16whenhefirstsawtheunusualumbrella.Hehadgonetoaconcertwithhisgrandparents.Astheywereleaving,henoticedanumbrellaonanemptyseat,impressedbyits___3___,Oscarfeltastrongdesiretofinditsowner.Oscar___4___themanagertolookintherecordofadvanceticketsales.Justashethought,aname_____5_____theseatwhereOscarhadfoundtheumbrella.ThenamewasMrs.KatieO’Brien.OscartalkedhisgrandparentsintogoingbyMrs.O’Brien’s___6___ontheirwayhome.Herangthebell,thedooropened,andanelderlywomanappeared.“MayIhelpyou?”sheasked.“I’dliketoreturnitifit’syours,”O(jiān)scarsaid,holdingouttheumbrellaasifpresentinga___7___thathadlongbeenwishedfor.“Why,yes!It’smine,”repliedMrs.O’Brienwithawidesmileandshiningeyes.“Itwasgiventomebymyfatheryearsago.Thankyousomuchforreturningit.MayIofferyouarewardforyour___8___?”“No,ma’am,”hesaid,“Mygrandmothersaysthatagooddeedisitsownreward.”“Well,that’s___9___whatmyfatherusedtosay.Whatisyourname,youngman?”YearslaterOscarwasstaringatthefinelycarvedhandleoftheumbrellaasherememberedMrs.O’Brien.Itwasinperfectcondition,consideringhowolditwas.Whyhaditarrivedheretoday?Asifinanswer,anotefellfromthepaper.Itreads:Mrs.O’Brienwantedto_____10_____thisumbrellaasapresentforakind,unselfishgesturelongago.1.A.Opening B.Closing C.Touching D.Searching2.A.clearly B.fully C.immediately D.suddenly3.A.history B.shape C.length D.beauty4.A.encouraged B.convinced C.forced D.advised5.A.called B.matched C.written D.taken6.A.family B.theater C.house D.neighborhood7.A.chance B.fact C.result D.gift8.A.kindness B.patience C.courage D.determination9.A.obviously B.naturally C.exactly D.probably10.A.possess B.accept C.refuse D.value【答案】1.A2.C3.D4.B5.B6.C7.D8.A9.C10.B【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了奧斯卡16歲時(shí)撿到一把漂亮的傘，尋找失主并歸還，很多年后又收到失主贈(zèng)傘的故事。這個(gè)故事啟迪我們：善有善報(bào)這樣一個(gè)樸實(shí)的美德和真理?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：打開盒子，奧斯卡看到里面有一把傘——一把很舊的傘，有一個(gè)雕刻精美的木把手。A.Opening打開；B.Closing關(guān)閉；C.Touching觸摸；D.Searching尋找。由上文語境和下文的“Oscarsawanumbrellainside”可知，奧斯卡收到一個(gè)包裹，只有打開包裹才能看見里面的東西。故選A項(xiàng)。【2題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然他已經(jīng)20多年沒見過它了，但他立刻認(rèn)出了它。A.clearly清晰地；B.fully完全地；C.immediately立刻地；D.suddenly突然地。由下文的“henoticedanumbrellaonanemptyseat,impressedbyits___3___”可知，16歲時(shí)奧斯卡一看到這把傘就對(duì)其印象深刻，所以多年后奧斯卡還是立刻認(rèn)出了這把傘。故選C項(xiàng)。【3題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：當(dāng)他們離開時(shí)，他注意到一個(gè)空座位上有一把傘，被它的美麗所打動(dòng)，奧斯卡感到有一種強(qiáng)烈的渴望，想要找到它的主人。A.history歷史；B.shape形狀；C.length長度；D.beauty美麗。由上文的“averyoldonewithabeautifullycarvedwoodenhandle”可知，這把傘有一個(gè)雕刻精美的木把手，所以奧斯卡對(duì)它的美麗印象深刻。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：奧斯卡說服經(jīng)理查查預(yù)售票的記錄。A.encouraged鼓勵(lì)；B.convinced說服、使確信；C.forced強(qiáng)迫；D.advised建議。由上文語境可知，奧斯卡16歲時(shí)和爺爺奶奶去聽音樂會(huì)，發(fā)現(xiàn)了空位的傘，奧斯卡不知道是誰的，想還給失主，只能去說服經(jīng)理查看預(yù)售票的記錄，看是誰坐在這個(gè)位置上。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：正如他所想的那樣，一個(gè)名字和奧斯卡找到雨傘的座位吻合。A.called叫；B.matched相配；C.written寫；D.taken帶走。由本處語境可知，通過說服經(jīng)理查看預(yù)售票的記錄，奧斯卡找到了坐在這個(gè)位置上的人，即名字和奧斯卡找到雨傘的座位相配。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：奧斯卡說服他的祖父母在回家的路上經(jīng)過奧布萊恩太太的房子。A.family家庭；B.theater影院；C.house房子；D.neighborhood鄰居。由下文的“Herangthebell,thedooropened,andanelderlywomanappeared.”可知，奧斯卡到了奧布萊恩太太的房子門口，所以奧斯卡說服了祖父母在回家的路上經(jīng)過奧布萊恩太太的房子。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“如果是你的，我想還你，”奧斯卡說著，手里拿著雨傘，好像是在送一份許愿已久的禮物。A.chance機(jī)會(huì)；B.fact事實(shí)；C.result結(jié)果；D.gift禮物。由上文的“I’dliketoreturnitifit’syours”和下文的“thathadlongbeenwishedfor”可知，奧斯卡拿出了傘，要還傘，就像是贈(zèng)送渴望已久的禮物。故選D項(xiàng)。【8題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我可以因?yàn)槟愕暮靡饨o你一些報(bào)酬嗎？A.kindness善意；B.patience耐心；C.courage勇氣；D.determination決心。由上文語境可知，奧斯卡發(fā)現(xiàn)奧布萊恩太太丟了傘，去她家里歸還傘，這是一種善行、好意，所以奧布萊恩太太想給奧斯卡一些報(bào)酬。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：好吧，這正是我父親過去常說的話。A.obviously明顯地；B.naturally自然地；C.exactly正是、精確地；D.probably可能地。由上文的“Mygrandmothersaysthatagooddeedisitsownreward.”可知，奧斯卡祖母說，做好事本身就是回報(bào)，正巧的是，這正是奧布萊恩太太的父親過去常說的話。故選C項(xiàng)。【10題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：上面寫著：奧布萊恩太太很久以前就想認(rèn)可這把傘為一種仁慈、無私姿態(tài)的禮物。A.possess擁有；B.accept認(rèn)可、接受；C.refuse拒絕；D.value重視。根據(jù)asapresentforakind,unselfishgesturelongago.結(jié)合上文內(nèi)容，可知奧布萊恩太太認(rèn)可這把傘是一種仁慈、無私姿態(tài)的禮物。故選B項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)語法填空（共10小題；每小題分，共15分）A閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Theinterestingpartofabookisstoredinyourmindasaseed.Nowthisseedisunknowinglyusedbyyouinyourfuturetodevelopnewideas.Thesameseedif___11___(use)manytimes,canhelpyoulinkandrelatealotofthings,ofwhichyouwouldneverhavethoughtofinyourwildestdreams!Thisisnothingbutcreativity.Thelargernumberofbooksyouread,thebroader___12___(you)mindwillbel.Alsothisimprovesyourspeakingskillstoalargeextentandalsomakesasignificantcontributiontoyourvocabulary.WithinnotimecanyoustartspeakingEnglishoranylanguage____13____(fluent)withyourfriendsorotherpeopleandyouneverseemtorunoutoftherightwordsattherighttime.【答案】11.used12.your13.fluently【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了讀書的好處。【11題詳解】考查狀語從句的省略。句意：這粒種子如果多次使用，可以幫助你把許多事情聯(lián)系起來，這些事情你做夢也想不到！當(dāng)時(shí)間、條件狀語從句的主語與主句主語一致，且有be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可以省略掉從句的主語及be動(dòng)詞；此處的完整句式為Thesameseedif(thesameseedis)usedmanytimes,canhelpyoulinkandrelatealotofthings,ofwhichyouwouldneverhavethoughtofinyourwildestdreams!故填used。【12題詳解】考查代詞。句意：你讀的書越多，你的思維就會(huì)越開闊。此處修飾名詞mind，應(yīng)使用形容詞性物主代詞。故填your?！?3題詳解】考查副詞。句意：你很快就能和你的朋友或其他人流利地說英語或任何一種語言，而且你永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)在合適的時(shí)間缺少合適的詞匯。此處修飾動(dòng)詞speaking，應(yīng)使用副詞。故填fluently。B閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞的空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Ourschoolorganizedustowatchtheliveshowofthe60thAnniversaryofMiyunReservoiryesterday,throughwhichIlearnedaboutitshistory,thelocalpeople’scontributionintheprocess.MiyunReservoirwasbuilt60yearsago____14____(solve)thefloodinChaobaiRiverandprovidesufficientwatersupplyforBeijing.Atthattime,therewasnomodernequipmentandthereservoirwasbuilt___15___handsandwheelbarrows.200,000workersandsoldiersworkedhardandsweatedintheplace.InordertomakeroomfortheconstructionofMiyunReservoir,morethan60,000localresidents____16____(leave)theplaceswheretheyhadstayedforgenerations.AsamemberinMiyun,Idecidetovolunteerinallkindsof___17___(activity)ofbuildingmyhometownmorebeautiful.【答案】14.tosolve15.by16.left17.activities【解析】這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了，作者觀看了學(xué)校組織的密云水庫60周年校慶的現(xiàn)場演出，了解了密云水庫的歷史?！?4題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞不定式。句意：密云水庫建于60年前，是為了解決潮白河的洪水，為北京提供充足的供水。由句意可知，此處表目的，應(yīng)用動(dòng)詞不定式（todo）作目的狀語。故填tosolve?！?5題詳解】考查介詞。句意：當(dāng)時(shí)沒有現(xiàn)代化的設(shè)備，水庫是用手和手推車建造的。由句意可知，此處表“用手和手推車”，應(yīng)用介詞by（通過、靠、用），表方法、手段。故填by?！?6題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：為了給密云水庫的建設(shè)騰出空間，6萬多名當(dāng)?shù)鼐用耠x開了他們世代居住的地方。此處缺乏謂語，由上文時(shí)間狀語60yearsago可知，有關(guān)密云水庫建設(shè)事宜的東西用一般過去時(shí)，此處用一般過去時(shí)。故填left。【17題詳解】考查名詞的數(shù)。句意：作為密云的一員，我決定志愿參加各種活動(dòng)，把家鄉(xiāng)建設(shè)得更加美麗。activity是可數(shù)名詞，前有allkindsof修飾，此處用復(fù)數(shù)名詞。故填activities。C閱讀下列短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容填空。在未給提示詞空白處僅填寫1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，在給出提示詞的空白處用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的正確形式填空。Awarningsystemtopreventpeoplefromfallingasleepwhiledrivingwasintroducedatthe2020ChinaInternationalFairforTradeinServices,____18____washeldfromSeptember4to9inBeijing.Itcanjudgewhetherthedriverisdrowsy(昏昏欲睡的)bymonitoringhowlongthedriver’seyescloseorifhisorherheaddrops.Ifthedriverentersastateoftiredness,thesystem____19____(sound)analarmuntilthedrivers’eyesreopenandheorshestartstoblinkatanormalfrequency.Inthefuture,otherdangerousdrivingbehaviors,suchasnotwearingaseatbeltandmakingphonecallswhile____20____(drive),mightalsobeaddedintothiswarningsystem.【答案】18.which19.willsound20.driving【解析】這是一篇說明文。文章介紹了防止開車睡覺的預(yù)警系統(tǒng)?！?8題詳解】考查非限制性定語從句關(guān)系詞。句意：2020年中國國際服務(wù)貿(mào)易博覽會(huì)于9月4日至9日在北京舉行，會(huì)上引入了防止人們在駕駛時(shí)打瞌睡的預(yù)警系統(tǒng)。分析句子可知，此句為非限定性定語從句，先行詞為“the2020ChinaInternationalFairforTradeinServices”，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語，指物，應(yīng)用關(guān)系代詞which，that不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句【19題詳解】考查時(shí)態(tài)。句意：如果駕駛員處于疲勞狀態(tài)，系統(tǒng)會(huì)發(fā)出警報(bào)，直到駕駛員睜開眼睛，開始以正常頻率眨眼。分析句子可知，此處為if引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句，且為真實(shí)條件句，應(yīng)遵循“主將從現(xiàn)”原則。故填willsound?！?0題詳解】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：在未來，其他危險(xiǎn)的駕駛行為，如不系安全帶和開車時(shí)打，也可能被添加到這個(gè)預(yù)警系統(tǒng)中。分析句子可知，此處while3(drive)為分詞作狀語，drive與其邏輯主語thedriver之間是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填driving。第二部分：閱讀理解（共三節(jié)，55分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2分，共30分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AAgadgetwhichmakeswateroutofaircouldbeethegreatesthouseholdinventionsincethemicrowave.Usingthesametechnologyasadehumidifier(除濕器),theWaterMillisabletocreateareadysupplyofdrinkingwaterbecauseitcanalwaysgetitfromanunlimitedsource—theair.Thepanybehindthemachinesaysnotonlydoesitofferanalternativetobottledwaterindevelopedcountries,butitisasolutionforthemillionswhofaceadailywatershortage.Themachineworksbydrawinginwetairthroughafilter(過濾器)andoveracoolinginstrumentwhichchangesitintowaterdroplets.Itcanproduceupto12litersaday.TheWaterMillwillalsoproducemorewaterwhenstormspassover,astheamountofwaterwhichiscontainedintheairincreases.Inkeepingwithitsecodevelopment,themachineusesthesameamountofelectricityasthreelights.InventorJonathanRitcheysaid:“Thedemandforwaterisoffthechart.Sopeoplearelookingforfreedomfromwaterdistributionsystemsthatareshakyandunreliable.”Themachine,whichisabout3feetwide,islikelytocost￡800whenitgoesonsalehereinthespring.Itsmaker,CanadianFirmElementFour,roughlycalculatesthataliterofwatercostsaround20ptoproduce.Environmentalistsstatethathalftheworld’spopulationwillfacewatershortagebecauseofclimatechangeby2080.Oneinfiveissaidtolackaccesstosafedrinking.TheWaterMillisnoteffectiveinareaswheretheamountofwatercontainedintheairisbelowabout30percent,butinBritainthatwon’tbemuchofaproblem.21.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inParagraph2referto?A.WaterMill. B.Invention.C.Microwave. D.Drinkingwater.22.Whatdowelearnaboutthemachine?A.Itabsorbssteamandturnsitintowater.B.Itisveryexpensiveforfamiliestoafford.C.Itworksinthesamewayasmicrowaves.D.Ithelpstomakethewatercleantodrink.23.What’sthebesttitleforthepassage?A.ANewWaytoSolveWaterProblem B.ADehumidifiertoProduceWaterC.AMachinetoMakeWateroutofAir D.AnAbsolutelyNewInvention【答案】21.D22.A23.C【解析】本文是說明文。文章介紹了一種把空氣轉(zhuǎn)變成飲用水的機(jī)器?！?1題詳解】詞句猜測題。根據(jù)上文“Usingthesametechnologyasadehumidifier(除濕器),theWaterMillisabletocreateareadysupplyofdrinkingwater(使用與除濕器相同的技術(shù),WaterMill能夠創(chuàng)造出現(xiàn)成的飲用水)”可推斷，“becauseitcanalwaysgetitfromanunlimitedsource—theair.(因?yàn)樗偸强梢詮臒o限的來源——空氣中得到它)”中的it指的是上文提到的drinkingwater。故選D。【22題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Themachineworksbydrawinginwetairthroughafilter(過濾器)andoveracoolinginstrumentwhichchangesitintowaterdroplets.(這臺(tái)機(jī)器通過過濾器吸收在潮濕的空氣，并通過冷卻器把它們變成水滴)”可知，這臺(tái)機(jī)器吸收水汽，并把水汽變成水。故選A?！?3題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Agadgetwhichmakeswateroutofaircouldbeethegreatesthouseholdinventionsincethemicrowave.(一種把空氣制成水的小工具成為自微波以來最偉大的家庭發(fā)明)”和下文的對(duì)這個(gè)機(jī)器的介紹可推斷，本文介紹了一種吸收空氣變成水的發(fā)明，因此推斷C項(xiàng)“用空氣制水的機(jī)器”為最佳標(biāo)題。故選C。BBarditchHighSchooldecidedtohaveanAllSchoolReunion.Over450peoplecametotheevent.ThereweretoursoftheoldschoolbuildingandapicnicatConfederatePark.Severalformerteacherswereonhandstotellstoriesabouttheolddays.Ms.MabelYates,theEnglishteacherforfiftyyears,waswheeledtothepark.Someeyesrolledandtherewereafewlowgroans(嘟囔聲)whenMs.Yateswasabouttospeak.Manystartedlookingattheirwatchesandingupwithexcusestobeanywhereinsteadofpreparingtolistentoalecturefromanoldwomanwhohadfewkindwordsforherstudentsandmadethemworkharderthanalltheotherteachersbined.ThenMs.Yatesstartedtospeak:“Ican’ttellyouhowpleasedIamtobehere.Ihaven’tseenmanyofyousinceyourgraduation,butIhavefollowedyourcareersandenjoyedyourvictoriesaswellascryingforyourtragedies.Ihavealargecollectionofnewspaperphotographsofmystudents.AlthoughIhaven’tappearedinperson,Ihaveattendedyourcollegegraduations,weddingsandeventhebirthofyourchildren,inmyimagination.”Ms.Yatespausedandstartedcryingabit.Thenshecontinued:“ItwasmybeliefthatifIpushedyouashardasIcould,someofyouwouldsucceedtopleasemeandotherswouldsucceedtoannoyme.Regardlessofourmotives,Icanseethatyouhaveallbeensuccessfulinyourchosenpath.”“Thereisnogreaterfortforaneducatorthantoseetheendresultofhisorheryearsofwork.YouhaveallbeenagreatsourceofpleasureandprideformeandIwantyoutoknowIloveyouallfromthebottomofmyheart.”Therewasasilenceoverthecrowdforafewsecondsandthensomeonestartedclapping.Theclappingturnedintocheering,thenintoadeafeningroar(呼喊).Lawyers,truckdrivers,bankersandmodelswererubbingtheireyesorcryingopenlywithnoshameallbecauseofthewordsfromalongforgottenEnglishteacherfromtheirhometown.24.Whatactivitywasorganizedfortheschoolreunion?A.Tellingstoriesaboutpastevents. B.Apicnicontheschoolplayground.C.Sightseeinginthepark. D.Graduates’reportsintheoldbuilding.25.WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph2?A.SomegraduatesweretoobusytolistentoMs.Yates’speech.B.Somepeoplegottiredfromthereunionactivities.C.ManygraduatesdislikedMs.Yates’waysofteaching.D.Mostpeoplehadlittleinterestinthereunion.26.WecanlearnfromMs.Yates’speechthatshe_________.A.wenttoherstudents’weddingceremonies B.gaveherstudentsadviceontheircareersC.attendedherstudents’collegegraduations D.kepttrackofherstudents’progress.27.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeMs.Yates?A.Reliableanddevoted. B.Strictbutcaring.C.Proudbutpatient. D.Toughandgenerous.【答案】24.A25.C26.D27.B【解析】這是一篇記敘文。Barditch高中組織了一次全校同學(xué)會(huì)，會(huì)上英語老師Yates女士的一席發(fā)言打動(dòng)了所有在場的人。雖然她很少對(duì)學(xué)生說好話，總是要求學(xué)生加倍努力，學(xué)生們也不喜歡她的教學(xué)方式，但是她在學(xué)生們畢業(yè)后一直關(guān)注著他們的情況，她發(fā)自心底里愛學(xué)生?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Severalformerteacherswereonhandstotellstoriesabouttheolddays.”可知，幾名以前的教師在現(xiàn)場講述過去的故事。由此可知，同學(xué)會(huì)組織了一個(gè)講述過去的故事的活動(dòng)。故選A?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Someeyesrolledandtherewereafewlowgroans(嘟囔聲)whenMs.Yateswasabouttospeak.Manystartedlookingattheirwatchesandingupwithexcusestobeanywhereinsteadofpreparingtolistentoalecturefromanoldwomanwhohadfewkindwordsforherstudentsandmadethemworkharderthanalltheotherteachersbined.”可知，當(dāng)Yates女士準(zhǔn)備發(fā)言時(shí)，一些人翻了個(gè)白眼，還有幾聲低低的嘟囔聲。許多人開始看表，找借口去其他地方，而不是準(zhǔn)備聽一個(gè)老太太的演講，她對(duì)她的學(xué)生很少說好話，讓他們比所有其他老師加起來要求得還要努力學(xué)習(xí)。由此可推知，許多畢業(yè)生不喜歡Yates女士的教學(xué)方式。故選C?！?6題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中“Ihaven’tseenmanyofyousinceyourgraduation,butIhavefollowedyourcareersandenjoyedyourvictoriesaswellascryingforyourtragedies.Ihavealargecollectionofnewspaperphotographsofmystudents.AlthoughIhaven’tappearedinperson,Ihaveattendedyourcollegegraduations,weddingsandeventhebirthofyourchildren,inmyimagination.”可知，你們畢業(yè)后我就沒見過你們，但我關(guān)注你們的事業(yè)，欣賞你們的勝利，也為你們的悲劇哭泣。我收集了大量學(xué)生在報(bào)紙上的照片。雖然我沒有親自到場，但在我的想象中，我參加了你們的大學(xué)畢業(yè)典禮、婚禮，甚至是你們孩子的出生。由此可知，從Yates女士的演講中，我們能了解到，她一直在記錄學(xué)生們?nèi)松械倪M(jìn)展情況。故選D?！?7題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Manystartedlookingattheirwatchesandingupwithexcusestobeanywhereinsteadofpreparingtolistentoalecturefromanoldwomanwhohadfewkindwordsforherstudentsandmadethemworkharderthanalltheotherteachersbined.(許多人開始看表，找借口去其他地方，而不是準(zhǔn)備聽一個(gè)老太太的演講，她對(duì)她的學(xué)生很少說好話，讓他們比所有其他老師加起來要求得還要努力學(xué)習(xí))”可知，Yates女士對(duì)學(xué)生要求很嚴(yán)格；以及第三段中“Ihaven’tseenmanyofyousinceyourgraduation,butIhavefollowedyourcareersandenjoyedyourvictoriesaswellascryingforyourtragedies.Ihavealargecollectionofnewspaperphotographsofmystudents.AlthoughIhaven’tappearedinperson,Ihaveattendedyourcollegegraduations,weddingsandeventhebirthofyourchildren,inmyimagination.(你們畢業(yè)后我就沒見過你們，但我關(guān)注你們的事業(yè)，欣賞你們的勝利，也為你們的悲劇哭泣。我收集了大量學(xué)生在報(bào)紙上的照片。雖然我沒有親自到場，但在我的想象中，我參加了你們的大學(xué)畢業(yè)典禮、婚禮，甚至是你們孩子的出生)”可知，Yates女士在學(xué)生畢業(yè)后仍然關(guān)心他們的近況，說明她關(guān)心學(xué)生。綜上所述可知，Yates女士雖然嚴(yán)格但是關(guān)心學(xué)生。故選B。CInarecentannouncement,HarvardandtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（MIT）saidthattheyhavejoinedforcestoofferfreeonlinecoursesinanefforttoattractmillionsofonlinelearnersworldwide.Beginningthisfall,anumberofcoursesdevelopedbyteachersatbothuniversitieswillbeofferedonlinethroughanew$60millionprogram,knownasedX.“AnyonewithanInternetconnectionanywhereintheworldcanuseouronlinecourses,”HarvardPresidentDrewFaustsaidduringameetingtoannouncetheplan.MIThasofferedaprogramcalledOpenCourseWarefortenyearsthatmakesmaterialsfrommorethan2,000classesfreeonline.Ithasbeenusedbymorethan100millionpeople.InDecember,theschoolannounceditalsowouldbeginofferingaspecialcertificate,knownasMITx,forpeoplewhopletecertainonlinecourses.Harvardhaslongofferedcoursestoawiderpopulationthroughasimilarprogram.TheMITxwillserveasthefoundationforthenewlearningplatform.MITPresidentSusanHockfieldsaidmorethan120,000peoplesignedupforthefirstMITxcourse.ShesaidHarvardandMIThopeotheruniversitieswilljointheminofferingcoursesontheopensourceedXplatform.“Fastenyourseatbelts,”Hockfieldsaid.Otheruniversities,includingStanford,YaleandCarnegieMellon,havebeenexperimentingwithteachingtoaglobalpopulationonline.TheHarvardMITprogramwillbemonitoredbyanotforprofit（非盈利的）organizationbasedinCambridge,tobeownedequallybythetwouniversities.BothMITandHarvardhaveprovided$30milliontostarttheprogram.TheyalsoplantousetheedXplatformtoresearchhowstudentslearnandwhichteachingmethodsandtoolsaremostsuccessful.28.Accordingtothistext,edXis_______.A.apartofthefreeMITOpenCourseWareB.afreeputerprogrambyMITandHarvardC.aHarvardMITplatformoffreeonlinecoursesD.afreeprogramonlineforuniversitiesworldwide29.Whatissaidaboutonlineeducationinthetext?A.Universitieshavebeentryingonlinecourses.B.About2,000onlinecourseshavebeenoffered.C.Over100millionpeoplehavefinishedcoursesonline.D.StanfordandYaletogetherhavecoursessimilartoedX.30.Theunderlinedpartinthetextprobablymeans“”.A.GetreadyforthedifficultiesB.GetreadyforthiseducationalchangeC.GetpreparedtopletetheonlinecoursesD.GetpreparedtomakematerialsfortheedXcourses31.WhatcanbesaidaboutMITxaccordingtothetext?A.ItisfirstofferedaspartoftheedXlearningprogram.B.ItisanotherfreeMITHarvardonlinelearningprogram.C.Itisastandardtorecognizeonlinelearners’achievement.D.ItisanewkindoffreeonlinecourseofHarvardandMIT.【答案】28.C29.A30.B31.C【解析】本文為新聞報(bào)道類文體。文章報(bào)道了Harvard和MIT聯(lián)手向全球免費(fèi)提供網(wǎng)上課程的事情?！?8題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段話說Harvard和MIT聯(lián)手向全球免費(fèi)提供網(wǎng)上課程及第二段話“anumberofcoursesdevelopedbyteachersatbothuniversitieswillbeofferedonlinethroughanew$60millionprogram,knownasedX”可知edX是這兩所大學(xué)聯(lián)手打造的一個(gè)網(wǎng)上免費(fèi)授課的平臺(tái)。故答案選C?！?9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段話“Otheruniversities,includingStanford,YaleandCarnegieMellon,havebeenexperimentingwithteachingtoaglobalpopulationonline”（其他大學(xué)，包括斯坦福大學(xué)、耶魯大學(xué)和卡內(nèi)基梅隆大學(xué)，已經(jīng)在嘗試通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)向全球人口進(jìn)行教學(xué)。）可知大學(xué)已經(jīng)開始嘗試在線課程。答案選A。【30題詳解】詞義推斷題。上文說MITPresidentSusanHockfieldsaidmorethan120,000peoplesignedupforthefirstMITxcourse.ShesaidHarvardandMIThopeotheruniversitieswilljointheminofferingcoursesontheopensourceedXplatform.“麻省理工學(xué)院校長蘇珊·霍克菲爾德表示，超過12萬人報(bào)名參加了第一屆麻省理工學(xué)院的課程。她說，哈佛大學(xué)和麻省理工學(xué)院希望其他大學(xué)也能加入他們的行列，在edX平臺(tái)上提供課程。下文Hockfieldsaid.Otheruniversities,includingStanford,YaleandCarnegieMellon,havebeenexperimentingwithteachingtoaglobalpopulationonline.說其他大學(xué)，包括斯坦福大學(xué)、耶魯大學(xué)和卡內(nèi)基梅隆大學(xué)，已經(jīng)在嘗試通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)向全球人口進(jìn)行教學(xué)。劃線句的字面意思為“系好安全帶”。結(jié)合文章的意思可知，這里表示為這些大學(xué)在網(wǎng)上開設(shè)免費(fèi)課程這一教育的變革做好準(zhǔn)備。故答案為B。【31題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“InDecember,theschoolannounceditalsowouldbeginofferingaspecialcertificate,knownasMITx,forpeoplewhopletecertainonlinecourses”（去年12月，該校宣布還將開始為完成某些在線課程的學(xué)員提供一種名為MITx的特殊證書。）以及TheMITxwillserveasthefoundationforthenewlearningplatform.（MITx將作為新的學(xué)習(xí)平臺(tái)的基礎(chǔ)。）可知MITx是評(píng)價(jià)在線學(xué)習(xí)者學(xué)習(xí)成績的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。故答案選C。DWhyshouldmankindexplorespace?Whyshouldmoney,timeandeffortbespentexploringandresearchingsomethingwithsofewapparentbenefits?WhyshouldresourcesbespentonspaceratherthanonconditionsandpeopleonEarth?Thesearequestionsthat,understandably,areveryoftenasked.Perhapsthebestanswerliesinourgeneticmakeupashumanbeings.Whatdroveourancestorstomovefromthetreesintotheplains,andonintoallpossibleareasandenvironments?Thewiderthespreadofaspecies,thebetteritschanceofsurvival.Perhapsthebestreasonforexploringspaceisthisgenetictendencytoexpandwhereverpossible.Nearlyeverysuccessfulcivilizationhasexplored,becausebydoingso,anydangersinsurroundingareascanbeidentifiedandpreparedfor.Withoutknowledge,wemaybepletelydestroyedbythedanger.Withknowledge,wecanlessenitseffects.Explorationalsoallowsmineralsandotherpotentialresourcestobefound.Evenifwehavenoimmediateneedofthem,theywillperhapsbeusefullater.Resourcesmaybemorethanphysicalpossessions.Knowledgeortechniqueshavebeenacquiredthroughexploration.Thetechniquesmayhavemedicalapplicationswhichcanimprovethelengthorqualityofourlives.Wehavealreadybenefitedfromotherspinoffsincludingimprovementsinearthquakeprediction,insatellitesforweatherforecastingandinmunicationssystems.Evennonstickpansandmirroredsunglassesarebyproducts(副產(chǎn)品)oftechnologicaldevelopmentsinthespaceindustry.Whilemanyresourcesarespentonwhatseemsasmallreturn,theexplorationofspaceallowscreative,braveandintelligentmembersofourspeciestofocusonwhatmayservetosaveus.Whilespacemayholdmanywondersandexplanationsofhowtheuniversewasformedorhowitworks,italsoholdsdangers.Thedangerexists,butknowledgecanhelphumanbeingtosurvive.Withouttheabilitytoreachoutacrossspace,thechancetosaveourselvesmightnotexist.WhileEarthistheonlyplanetknowntosupportlife,surelytheadaptiveabilityofhumanswouldallowustoliveonotherplanets.Itistruethatthelifestylewouldbedifferent,buthumanlifeandcultureshaveadaptedinthepastandsurelycouldinthefuture.32.WhydoestheauthormentionthequestionsinParagraph1?A.Toexpresshisdoubts. B.Toparedifferentideas.C.TodescribetheconditionsonEarth. D.Tointroducepointsfordiscussion.33.WhatisthereasonforexploringspacebasedonParagraph2?A.Humanshavethetendencytofight. B.Humansarenatureborntodoso.C.Humansmayfindnewsourcesoffood. D.Humansdon’tliketostayinthesameplace.34.Whatmakesitpossibleforhumanstoliveonotherplanets?A.Theadaptiveabilityofhumans. B.Resourcesontheearth.C.Ourgeneticmakeup. D.Byproductsinspaceexploration.35.Whichofthestatementscanbestsumupthepassage?A.Spaceexplorationhascreatedmanywonders.B.Spaceexplorationprovidedthebestvalueformoney.C.SpaceexplorationmayhelpusavoidpotentialproblemsonEarth.D.Spaceexplorationmaybenefitscienceandtechnology.【答案】32.D33.B34.A35.C【解析】這是一篇議論文。文章講述了人類對(duì)太空的探索，太空探索能使我們發(fā)現(xiàn)潛在能源，在多方面幫助我們?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文可知，本文是一篇議論文，議論文特點(diǎn)“提出問題，分析問題”，通過“Whyshouldmankindexplorespace?Whyshouldmoney,timeandeffortbespentexploringandresearchingsomethingwithsofewapparentbenefits?WhyshouldresourcesbespentonspaceratherthanonconditionsandpeopleonEarth?”（人類為什么要探索太空？為什么要把錢、時(shí)間和精力花在探索和研究那些沒有明顯好處的東西上？為什么要把資源花在太空而不是地球上的條件和人身上？）可知第一段提出一系列關(guān)于太空探索利弊的問題，是為了引發(fā)討論，引出本文討論的主題。故選D項(xiàng)。【33題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中“Perhapsthebestanswerliesinourgeneticmakeupashumanbeings.”（也許最好的答案在于我們?nèi)祟惖幕驑?gòu)成。）和“Perhapsthebestreasonforexploringspaceisthisgenetictendencytoexpandwhereverpossible.”（也許探索太空的最好原因是這種會(huì)在任何可能的地方擴(kuò)張的遺傳傾向。）可知人類探索太空的原因在于人擁有會(huì)在任何可能的地方擴(kuò)張的遺傳傾向，這是人的天性，人類天生就是這樣做的。故選B項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一段中的“WhileEarthistheonlyplanetknowntosupportlife,surelytheadaptiveabilityofhumanswouldallowustoliveonotherplanets.”（雖然地球是已知唯一支持生命的行星，但人類的適應(yīng)能力肯定會(huì)讓我們在其他星球上生活。）可知人類的適應(yīng)能力使人類能夠在其他星球上生存。故選A項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。由第三段首句“Nearlyeverysuccessfulcivilizationhasexplored,becausebydoingso,anydangersinsurroundingareascanbeidentifiedandpreparedfor.”（幾乎每一個(gè)成功的文明都曾進(jìn)行過探索，因?yàn)橥ㄟ^這樣做，周圍地區(qū)的任何危險(xiǎn)都可以被識(shí)別出來并做好準(zhǔn)備。）第四段首句“Explorationalsoallowsmineralsandotherpotentialresourcestobefound.”（勘探還可以發(fā)現(xiàn)礦物和其他潛在資源。）第五段首句“Whilemanyresourcesarespentonwhatseemsasmallreturn,theexplorationofspaceallowscreative,braveandintelligentmembersofourspeciestofocusonwhatmayservetosaveus.”（雖然很多資源都花在了看似微不足道的回報(bào)上，但對(duì)太空的探索卻讓我們這個(gè)物種中有創(chuàng)造力、勇敢和智慧的成員能夠?qū)Ｗ⒂谀切┛梢哉任覀兊氖挛锷?。）可知太空探索可以在很多方面幫助我們，尋找資源，避免潛在問題，C項(xiàng)“太空探索可以幫助我們避免地球上潛在的問題”符合文意。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。ClaustrophobiaClaustrophobia,orfearofenclosedspaces,isoneofthemostmonfears.Claustrophobiacanbedeepfearorevenpanicasaresultofbeinginasmallspace.Claustrophobiacandevelopafteratroublingchildhoodexperience(suchasbeingtrappedinasmallspaceduringachildhoodgame),orfromanotherunpleasantexperiencelateroninliferelatedtosmallspaces(suchasbeingstuckinalift).___36___Thisresponsethenbeesprogrammedinthebrain,makinganassociationbetweenbeinginatightspaceandfeelinganxiousoroutofcontrol.Asaresult,thepersonoftendevelopsclaustrophobia.AccordingtoMarkPowers,Ph.D.,AssociateProfessorofPsychologyatSouthernMethodistUniversity,“Claustrophobiaisaspecificfearandnotatypeofpanicdisorder.Theprimaryspecificdangerforecastsforclaustrophobiaarethateitherthepersonwillbetrappedorrunoutofair.”___37___Claustrophobiasymptomscaninclude:sweating,acceleratedheartbeat,upsetstomach,passingout,lightheadedness,shaking,breathingproblem,etc.Somemonsituationscancauseanxietyinclaustrophobiasufferers.Theclaustrophobiasuffererwilllookforanexitwheninsidearoom,avoiddrivingonthehighwayormajorroadswherethereisheavytrafficwheninsideacar,avoidtakingliftswheninsideabuilding,orstandnearadoorwhenataparty.___38___Claustrophobiacanhaveharmfulsocialandpsychologicaleffects,sincethepatientwilloftenavoidsituationsinwhichshethinksshewillhaveananxietyattack,leadingtohidingandsadness.___39___AccordingtoDr.Powers,“Exposuretreatment,aformofmindbehavioraltreatment,usuallyresu