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課題被動語態(tài)的考點解析教學目的掌握被動語態(tài)的使用方法教學容【溫故知新】批注:我們見過諸多街頭藝人,在大街上畫出的立體畫非常的逼真,諸多人都會認為是真的,而從旁邊繞過去,因此我們被欺騙啦!Wearecheated!這樣的體現(xiàn),就是我們今天要講的容——被動語態(tài)【知識梳理】知識點1:被動語態(tài)的基本知識1.語態(tài):英語的語態(tài)是通過動詞的形式體現(xiàn)出來的,用來表明主語與謂語動詞之間的關(guān)系,英語的動詞有兩種語態(tài)形式,即主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài)。如果主語是動作的執(zhí)行者,謂語動詞用主動語態(tài)。如果主語是動作的對象,謂語動詞用被動語態(tài)。2.主動語態(tài)與被動語態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)化:①將主動語態(tài)的賓語改為被動語態(tài)的主語;②將主動語態(tài)的謂語動詞改為“be+過去分詞”構(gòu)造;③將主動語態(tài)的主語改為介詞by之后的賓語,放在謂語動詞之后(有時可省略)。例:Wevisitedthatfactorylastsummer.主動語態(tài)主語謂語賓語狀語Thatfactorywasvisitedbyuslastsummer被動語態(tài)主語謂語賓語狀語3.使用方法:被動語態(tài)慣用于下列兩種狀況:(1)不懂得誰是動作的執(zhí)行者,或者沒有必要指出誰是動作的執(zhí)行者;例:Thisclothismadeofcotton.(2)強調(diào)動作的承受者。例:Herbikeisstolen.知識點2:被動語態(tài)在多個時態(tài)下的構(gòu)成時態(tài)構(gòu)造例句普通現(xiàn)在時am/is/are+過去分詞WearetaughtEnglishbyher.由她教我們英語。普通過去時was/were+過去分詞ApresentwasgiventomebyMary.瑪麗給了我一件禮物。普通將來時will/shall/begoingtobe+過去分詞Thedeskwillbemendedbyhim.這桌子將由他修理。現(xiàn)在進行時am/is/are+being+過去分詞Thewallsarebeingpaintednow.正在粉刷墻壁。過去進行時was/were+being+過去分詞Thetalkwasbeinggivenatthistimeyesterday.昨天這個時候正在作報告?,F(xiàn)在完畢時have/hasbeen+過去分詞Theflowershavebeenwatered.這些花已經(jīng)被澆了。過去完畢時hadbeen+過去分詞Shesaidthislifthadneverbeenused.過去將來時would/should/begoingtobe+過去分詞Thefilmwouldbeshownagainsometimenextweek.這部電影下周的某個時候又將上映。情態(tài)動詞情態(tài)動詞+be+過去分詞(其時態(tài)及句型的變化僅由情態(tài)動詞完畢,"be+過去分詞"部分不變)例1:Tablescanbemadeofstone.桌子可由石頭制造。例2:Tablescouldbemadeofstoneatthattime.那時桌子可由石頭制造。(普通過去時)例3:Cantablesbemadeofstone?桌子能用石頭制造嗎?(疑問句)批注:這里能夠跟學生一起回想一下動詞的原形、過去式和過去分詞,避免混淆?!纠}精講】單選題例1:()—Ourclassroom____________everyday.—Soitis.It'sourdutytokeepitcleanandtidy.A.cleansB.iscleaningC.iscleanedD.cleaning解析:答案C。ourclassroom做主語,很明顯是“被清掃”,并且根據(jù)語境是普通現(xiàn)在時態(tài),因此用普通現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的被動iscleaned。例2:()Themobilephonehasinfluencedpeople’slifealotsinceit_________.A.inventsB.inventedC.isinventedD.wasinvented解析:答案D??疾靹釉~時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:自從手機發(fā)明后,它在很大程度上影響了人們的生活。根據(jù)句意判斷用普通過去時,手機與動詞invent在邏輯上是被動關(guān)系,因此用普通過去時的被動語態(tài)。例3:()ItissaidthatanAsianCultureVillageinsidetheAYG,VillageinNanjinginthecomingAsianYouthGamesperiod.A.builds B.isbuilding C.willbebuilt D.wasbuilt解析:答案C??疾靹釉~的被動語態(tài)使用方法。anAsianCultureVillage(亞洲文化村)與動作build構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系,因此應使用被動語態(tài),故排除A、B項;又據(jù)句中inthecomingAsianYouthGamesperiod可知為將來時間,因此選擇答案C。例4:(呼和浩特)Peoplewho________tothepartyareveryexcited.A.haveinvited B.hasbeeninvitedC.willinvite D.havebeeninvited解析:答案D??疾毂粍诱Z態(tài)的使用方法。根據(jù)句意“已經(jīng)被邀請去參加聚會的人非常激動?!蹦軌蚺袛囗氂矛F(xiàn)在完畢時的被動語態(tài)。B和C選項為主動語態(tài),但是動詞invite沒有賓語,故排除;而B選項中,has和主語people不能搭配。因此選擇答案D。例5:(黃岡)—HowoftendoIneedtofeedthedog?—It___foodeveryday,oritwillbehungry.A.mustgive B.mustbegiveC.mustbegiven D.mustbegave解析:答案C??疾烨閼B(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)。它每天必須被喂食,應用被動語態(tài),其構(gòu)成是be+過去分詞,故選C。例6:Thenewsuspensionbridge___bytheendoflastmonth.A.hasbeendesignedB.hadbeendesignedC.wasdesignedD.wouldbedesigned解析:答案B。根據(jù)“bytheendoflastmonth”,因此用過去完畢時,又由于這座新橋是被設計的,因此綜合來看,用過去完畢時的被動語態(tài)。例7:用括號動詞的適宜形式填空1.she_______________(tell)thegoodnewsassoonasitarrived.2.Alotofwork__________________(do)forthepoorkidsinthepastfewyears.3.Thebook________________(write)bytheyounggirlseveralyearsago.4.Allthetickets__________(sell)outwhenwegottothecinema.5.Anewbuilding__________(build)atourschoolnow.6.Idon'tbelieveyou'vealreadyfinishedreadingthebookwhich________(lend)toyouthismorning!解析:答案wastold。首先根據(jù)“assoonasitarrived”,判斷時態(tài)是普通過去時,而句意是“她被告知這個好消息”,因此用普通過去時的被動語態(tài)。

答案hasbeendone。由時間狀語可知需要用現(xiàn)在完畢時態(tài),句意是“大量工作已經(jīng)被做”,因此用被動語態(tài)。答案waswritten?!皊everalyearsago”,可判斷時態(tài)為普通過去時,“書是由一種年輕女孩所寫”,應用被動語態(tài)。

4.答案hadbeensold。“在他們達成電影院的時候,票已經(jīng)賣完了”,這里“達成”已經(jīng)是過去時,因此票賣完了是在達成之前發(fā)生的,因此用過去完畢時的被動語態(tài)。

5.答案isbeingbuilt。由now可知需用現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài),新橋是“被建造”,因此用現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)。6.答案waslent。由thismorning可知時態(tài)為普通過去時,而書“被借出”,用被動語態(tài)。例8:把下列句子改為被動句Johndrewabeautifulhorselastweek.ThechildrenwillsinganEnglishsong.Peopleusemetalformakingmachines.Heaskedmetodothatforhim.Theysoldoutthelightgreendresses.答案:1.AbeautifulhorsewasdrawnbyJohnlastweek.2.AEnglishsongwillbesungbythechildren.3.Metalisusedformakingmachinesbypeople.4.Iwasaskedtodothatforhim.5.Thelightgreendressesweresoldoutbythem.例9:用括號所給動詞的對的形式填空。1.It'ssaidthatthelongbridge______________(build)intwomonths.2.Wheretohavethemeeting______________(discuss)now.3.Whichlanguage_______themostwidely_______(speak)intheworld?4.Thelostboy_____________(notfind)sofar.5.Lastyearalargenumberoftrees______________(cut)down.解析:答案willbebuilt。根據(jù)背面的intwomonths可判斷時態(tài)為普通將來時,再根據(jù)主語是bridge,可知橋是被建造的,因此用普通將來時的被動語態(tài)。2.答案isbeingdiscussed。這里主語是疑問詞引導的不定式做主語,謂語動詞用三單形式,再看最后的時間狀語是now,因此用現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)“isbeingdiscussed”。答案isspoken。句意是“哪種語言在全世界最廣泛的被說”,這是一種常識性的是奇怪,因此用普通現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。答案hasn’tbeenfound。首先根據(jù)背面的“sofar”,判斷時態(tài)為現(xiàn)在完畢時,再根據(jù)主語是單數(shù),能夠判斷用“hasn’tbeenfound”。5.答案werecut。時間狀語“l(fā)astyear”,可判斷時態(tài)為普通過去時,主語是諸多樹,因此用werecut,這里需要注意cut的原形、過去式和過去分詞拼寫是同樣的。例10:單選題1.Thedecisionabouttheprice______inafewdays.Sotheyhavetowait.(白下區(qū)中考一模)A.ismade B.wasmade C.isbeingmade D.willbemade解析:答案D。根據(jù)背面“inafewdays”,判斷是普通將來時。這個決定是“被做”,因此用普通將來時的被動語態(tài)。2.Ifcitynoises____fromincreasing,peoplewillhavetoshouttobeheardevenatdinner.A.arenotkeptB.arenotkeepC.donotkeepD.donotkept解析:答案A。這里首先是條件狀語從句,遵照“主將從現(xiàn)”原則,因此if從句里面用普通現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的被動。3.Thefifthgenerationcomputers,withartificialintelligence,____andperfectednow.A.developedB.havedevelopedC.arebeingdevelopedD.willhavebeendeveloped解析:答案C。句意是“第五代電腦正在發(fā)展和完善”,有被動意思,并且有now這個時間狀語,因此用現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)。4.---____thesportsmeetmightbeputoff.---Yes,italldependsontheweather.I'vebeentoldB.I'vetoldC.I'mtoldD.Itold解析:答案A。這里說的是運動會這個消息,我是“被告知”的,因此用被動語態(tài),因此排除B和D。再根據(jù)句意,被告知這個事情已經(jīng)發(fā)生了,強調(diào)對現(xiàn)在所造成的影響,因此需要用現(xiàn)在完畢時態(tài)。5.Ineedonemorestampbeforemycollection___.A.hascompletedB.completesC.hasbeencompletedD.iscompleted解析:答案D。這里也需遵照“主將從現(xiàn)”原則,before引導的從句中需用普通現(xiàn)在時,因此用普通現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)。6.Rainforests___andburnedatsuchaspeedthattheywilldisappearfromtheearthinthenearfuture.A.cutB.arecutC.arebeingcutD.hadbeencut解析:答案C。句意是“雨林正在以很快的速度被砍伐和焚燒”,因此用現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)。7.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.wasbrokenD.hadbeenbroken解析:答案C。這里的意思是“當鉛筆一端被放在一杯水里的時候,看起來就仿佛被折斷了”,又由于這里涉及asif背面需要用虛擬語調(diào),因此時態(tài)需比主句往后退一格,因此用過去時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)?!九e一反三】知識點1:①不及物動詞不用于被動語態(tài),如appear,rise,comeout,happen,occur,lie,takeplace等不及物動詞不能用于被動語態(tài)。例1:Greatchanges______________place.Manynewschools______________.

A.havetaken,havebeenopenedB.take,areopen

C.aretaken,openD.havebeentaken,areopened解析:答案A。由于takeplace沒有被動語態(tài),因此排除C和D,又因后句中諸多新學校開了,這里需要被動,并且表達成現(xiàn)在為止已經(jīng)開了,因此用現(xiàn)在完畢時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)。綜合選擇A。例2:Astrangething_____inourschoolyesterday.

A.washappenedB.hasbeenhappenedC.happenedD.wasgoingtohappen

解析:答案C。由于happen沒有被動語態(tài),因此排除A和B。又有yesterday,可判斷時態(tài)是普通過去時,因此選C。②表狀態(tài)動詞不用于被動語態(tài),常見的有:hold,have,cost,contain,become,looklike等例1:這本書花了我20元。(用cost翻譯)____________________________________________________解析:答案Thebookcostme20yuan。由于主語是書,很可能有的同窗會寫成“Thebookwascost20yuan.”可是cost這里表狀態(tài),不用于被動態(tài)。例2:Thatsuit__over60dollars.A.hadcostedB.costedC.iscostedD.cost解析:答案D。由于cost這個詞不需要用被動語態(tài),因此這里的主語是單數(shù),能夠用costs(普通現(xiàn)在時)或cost(普通過去時),根據(jù)選項,只能選D。知識點2:主動形式表被動意義。1)某些感官動詞和系動詞接形容詞能夠表達被動意義。如:look,smell,taste,feel,prove,wear,sound等例:Herbedroomlooksverycleanandtidy.她的臥室看起來非常干凈和整潔。2)某些作表語的形容詞后,用不定式主動形式表達被動意義。例:Theconversationishardtounderstand.對這話很難理解。Thefishisnoteasytofish.魚不容易釣。Thepassageisdifficulttoread.這段文章很難讀懂。3)動名詞的主動形式表達被動語態(tài)。如:need,require,worth等,并且可互相轉(zhuǎn)化,如needdoing=needtobedone。例:Thebookisworthreading.這本書值得一讀。Thechildrenneedlookingafter.孩子們需要照看。write,sell,wash和read和副詞連用,主動語態(tài)表被動意義。例:Thepenwritessmoothly.這筆寫起來很順手。Thearticlereadswell.這篇文章讀起來較好。例1:---Doyoulikethematerial?

---Yes,it___verysoft.

A.isfeelingB.feltC.feelsD.isfelt

解析:答案C。這道題首先根據(jù)選項看出考察的是feel的使用方法,它屬于系動詞,無被動,無進行時,因此排除A,D,然后根據(jù)前一句話的時態(tài)擬定選擇C。例2:Itisdifficultforaforeigner____Chinese.A.writeB.towriteC.tobewrittenD.written解析:答案B。作表語的形容詞difficult后不定式towrite主動形式表達被動意義。例3:Thecompositiondoesn’t____anymore.A.needtobecorrectingB.needtobecorrectedC.needbecorrectedD.needbecorrecting解析:答案B。由于needdoingsth=needtobedone,這里只有B對的,如果變成needdoingsth,能夠換成needcorrecting。例4:---Whatdoyouthinkofthebook?

---Oh,excellent.It'sworth___asecondtime.

A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.beingread

解析:答案C。本題通過背面的回答能夠很明顯看出是beworth的考點,首先背面接doing,然后根據(jù)它的主動表被動的特點,排除D。例5:Thekindofcloth________well.washB.iswashedC.washesD.iswashing解析:答案C。本題的考點是wash后接副詞,表達耐洗,主動形式表被動語態(tài),由于cloth不可數(shù),因此謂語動詞用三單形式。知識點3:及物動詞后跟雙賓語的句子,被動語態(tài)有兩種。常見的有:主動語態(tài)被動語態(tài)bringsb.sth.把某物帶給某人sbbebroughtsth/sthbebroughttosblendsb.sth.把某物借給某人sbbelentsth/sthbelenttosboffersb.sth.將某物給某人sbbeofferedsth/sthbeofferedtosbpasssb.sth.把某物遞給某人sbbepassedsth/sthbepassedtosbpaysb.sth.付給某人某物(錢)sbbepaidsth/sthbepaidtosbsendsb.sth.把某物送給某人sbbesentsth/sthbesenttosbsellsb.sth.把某物賣給某人sbbesoldsth/sthbesoldtosbshowsb.sth.拿某物給某人看sbbeshownsth/sthbeshowntosbteachsb.sth.教某人某物sbbetaughtsth/sthbetaughttosbtellsb.sth.告訴某人某狀況sbbetoldsth/sthbetoldtosbbuysb.sth.為某人買某物sbbeboughtsth/sthbeboughtforsbmakesb.sth.為某人制作某物sbbemadesth/sthbemadeforsb例1:同義句轉(zhuǎn)換Myparentsgivesmeabirthdaypresenteveryyear!(變被動語態(tài),兩種體現(xiàn))________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________解析:答案Iamgivenabirthdaypresentbymyparentseveryyear.Abirthdaypresentisgiventomebymyparentseveryyear.分別把賓語me和abirthday作為主語。例2:Hetoldusastory.(變被動語態(tài),兩種體現(xiàn))__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________解析:答案Weweretoldastory(byhim)或Astorywastoldtousbyhim.分別以we和astory做主語,主語謂語動詞的形式以及時態(tài)。知識點4:感官動詞see,hear,watch,feel,notice及使役動詞let,make,have等,動詞后省略to不定式,變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時,應加上不定式符合to.例:Ialwaysseetheboysplayinthepark.(變成被動語態(tài))Theboysarealwaysseentoplaybymeinthepark.例1:Hewasmade___alotofwork.A.do B.todo C.didD.doing解析:答案B。make的使用方法是makesbdosth,在被動的狀況下,需把省略的不定式to還原。因此被動形式為bemadetodosth。例2:Hewasseensomethingfromtheshop.A.stealB.tostealC.tobestolenD.stealed解析:答案B。see的使用方法,seesbdosth和seesbdoingsth,被動態(tài)是sbbeseentodosth和sbbeseendoingsth,因此根據(jù)選項來看,這里選擇B。知識點5:某些動詞短語用于被動語態(tài)時,動詞短語應當看作一種整體,而不能丟掉其中的介詞或副詞。例:Wecan'tlaughathim.→Hecan'tbelaughedatbyus.例1:翻譯1.一向沒有據(jù)說過這件事情。_______________________________________________________2.我妹妹由奶奶照顧的較好。_______________________________________________________答案:1.Suchathinghasneverbeenheardofbefore.2.MysisterwillbetakencareofbyGrandma.例2:單選題1.Ithinkmuchattention____yourpronunciation.A.mustbepaidtoB.oughttopaidtoC.mustpaytoD.shouldbepaid解析:答案A。首先attention作主語,背面需接被動語態(tài),因此先排除B和C。又由于payattentionto這個動詞短語,在被動語態(tài)時,背面的to不能夠丟掉,因此選A。2.Ourteacher______carefully.

A.shouldbelistenedto B.shouldbelisten C.belistened D.islistened

解析:答案A。首先ourteacher作主語,背面表達“被聽”,需接被動語態(tài),又由于是單數(shù),因此先排除C。又由于listento這個動詞短語,在被動語態(tài)時,背面的to不能夠丟掉,因此選A?!菊n堂總結(jié)】我的收獲:我的收獲:1、2、我的疑惑:1、2、【課后作業(yè)】一:選擇題

()1._____anewlibrary_____inourschoollastyear?A.Is;built B.Was;built C.Does;build D.Did;build()2.Anaccident____onthisroadlastweek.A.hasbeenhappened B.washappened C.ishappened D.happened()3.Cotton(棉花)____inthesoutheastofChina.A.isgrown B.aregrown C.grows D.grow()4.Sofar,themoon____bymanalready.A.isvisited B.willbevisited C.hasbeenvisited D.wasvisited

()5.AtalkonChinesehistory_____intheschoolhallnextweek.

A.isgiven B.hasbeengiven C.willbegiven D.gives

()6.Howmanytrees____thisyear?

A.areplanted B.willplant C.havebeenplanted D.planted

()7.Alotofthings____bypeopletosavethelittlegirlnow.

A.aredoing B.arebeingdone C.hasbeendone D.willbedone

()8.--When___thiskindofcomputers______?--Lastyear.

A.did;use B.was;used C.is;used D.are;used

()9.TheGreatWall____allovertheworld.

A.knows B.knew C.isknown D.wasknown

()10.Who_____thisbook_____?

A.did;written B.was;writtenby C.did;written D.was;written

Keys:1.B2.D3.A4.C5.C6.C7.B8.B9.C10.B二:用所給動詞的適宜形式填空Thestudents_____often_____(tell)totakecareoftheirdesksandchairs.

2.Theoldmanisill.Hemust______(send)tothehospital.

3.Vegetables,eggsandfruits_________(sell)inthisshop.

4.What_______knives______(make)of?

They_______________(make)ofmetal(金屬)andwood.

5.Canthemagazine________(take)outofthelibrary?

6.Theroom_____________(clean)bymeeveryday.

7.Thestarscan’t_____________(see)inthedaytime.

8.Someflowers_______________(water)byLiMingalready.

9.Thiskindofshoes__________(sell)well.

10.Thewholemountain_________(cover)bythesnow.Keys:1.aretold2.besent3.aresold4.are;made,aremade5.betakeniscleaned7.beseen8.havebeenwatered9.sells10.iscovered三、句子翻譯殘疾人不應被輕視。這些孩子被照顧的較好。安全的重要性必須被關(guān)注。這個問題將會被討論。答案:1.Thedisabledshouldn’tbelookeddownupon.2.Thechildrenaretakengoodcareof.3.Theimportanceofthesafetymustbepaidattentionto.4.Thequestionwillbetalkedaboutlater.四、用括號中所給動詞的適宜形式填空1English_____(speak)allovertheworld.

2Thesong______(write)byhim2yeasago.

3Thepictures_____(take)byhimtomorrow.

4Thefilm_____(show)heretwice.

5Thecomputer_____(canuse)intheroom.

6Thearticle_______(translate)intomanylanguagessinceitwaspublished.

7Theroom______(paint)now.

8Thatclock______(call)BigBen.

9LastweekI____(ask)aboutEnglishculture.10.Thefood_____________(smell)delicious.答案:1.isspoken2.waswritten3.willbetaken4.hasbeenshown5.canbeused6.hasbeentranslated7.isbeingpainted8.iscalled9.wasasked10.smells五、單選

()1.Goodbooks____againandagain.

A.shouldbereaded

B.shouldbereadC.mustread

D.oughttoread

()2.Thechildren____bythenurse.

A.werelooked

B.lookedafter

C.werelookedafter

D.looked

()3.He___somepiecesofadvice,buthe____tothem.

A.gave,didn'tlisten

B.wasgiven,wasn'tlistened

C.give,wasn'tlistened

D.wasgiven,didn'tlisten

()4.When____theaccident_____?

A.was,happen

B.did,happenC.is,happen

D.was,happened

()5.Thequestion____byussoon.

A.isgoingtodiscuss

B.willdiscuss

C.isgoingtobediscussed

D.hasbeendiscussed

()6.Thelab____aboutfiveyearsago.

A.wasbuilded

B.wasbuilt

C.builds

D.hasbeenbuilt()7.Alotoftallbuildings_____inhishometowninthelastthreeyears.

A.havesetup

B.havebeensetup

C.weresetup

D.setup

()8.They____printing500copiesbytheendoflastmonth.

A.hadfinished

B.havefinished

C.hadbeenfinished

D.havebeenfinished

()9.Rice___also_____intheirhometown.

A.is…grown

B.is…grew

C.was…grew

D.was…grown

()10.He____bytheteachers.

A.isalwayspraised

B.praisesC.havebeenpraised

D.alwaysispraised

()11.Thesportsmeeting________helduntilnextweek.didn’tbe B.won’t be C.isn’t D.doesn’t()12.Thepicture______

inOctober,1996.

A.wastaking

B.hadbeentaken

C.wastaken

D.hadtaken

()13.Wecan'tusethebridgenow,becauseit______.

A.hasbeenrepaired

B.isrepairing

C.isrepaired

D.isbeingrepaired

()14.I______thewaytotherailwaystationbyapoliceman.

A.wasshown

B.showed

C.haveshown

D.wasshowing

()15.Thewar______in1941.

A.brokeout

B.hadbeenbrokenout

C.wasbrokenout

D.hadbrokenout

()16.Whenwater______,itwillbechangedintovapor(蒸汽).

A.isheated

B.heating

C.hasheated

D.heats

()17.Wecan'tentertheroombecauseitsdoor______.

A.locked

B.locks

C.islocked

D.islocking

()18.They______dayandnight.

A.aremadework

B.aremadetoworkC.madetobeworked

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