2022年12月大學(xué)英語四級考試真題(第1套)

2022年12月大學(xué)英語四級考試真題（第1套）PartIWritingDirections:Inthistask,youaretowriteanessayontheimportanceofdevelopingahealthylifestyleamongcollegestudents.Youwillhave30minutesforthetask.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorePartⅡListeningComprehension(25miDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreenewsreports.Attheendofeachnewsreport,youwillheartwoorthreequestions.Boththenewsreportandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA）,B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Questions1and2arebasedontheneD)Asportscompetit2.A)ContributealottoB)ImprovetheimageofGlasgowcity.C)EnrichthelocalcultureofGlasgow.D)EntertainpeopleinlocalcommuQuestions3and4arebasedonthenewsrep3.A)DangerousicemeltsinGB)SurprisingriseinglC)ChangingweatherpatternsD)RecordgrowthofGreenland’sicesheets.4.A)ItlastedthreemontC)ItendedamonthearlierthaD)ItstartedamonthearlierQuestions5to7arebasedonthenewsreport5.A)Localpolicemencameacrossbundlesof￡20notes.B)Bundlesof￡20noteskeptturningup.C)AvillagerwassearchingforhisD)Abundlecontainingthousandsofpoundsgotstolen.6.A)TheyreturnittothC)TheyplaceanoticeinTheNorthD)Theyhanditovertothelocalgove7.A)TheycooperatedwellwiththeD)TheywerepuzzledbythemysDirections:Inthissection,youwillheartwolongconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,youwillhearfourquestions.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA），B），C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinglelinethroughtheQuestions8to11arebasedontheconve9.A)TalkaboutfutureplanswiB)LookbackontheiryearsatscC)CallontheirrelaD)Searchforthemeaningoftheirlife.10.A)HelooksforwardtoreceivingpreseB)Heenjoyscelebratingothers’birthdaysratherthanhisoC)HelovesthembutdoesnotwanD)Hepreferstohavethemshownonsocialmed11.A)ExtendinvitatiB)MakeitanoccasiontocollectC)HolditonamodestscaletoremovebirthdayanxD)ViewitasachanceforpQuestions12to15arebasedontheconversaD)ShegotoffatthewrongstatiB)SheisusedtotakinC)SheisworriedabouttrafficD)Shehasn’tpassedtheB)Theyareabitexpensiveforher.C)Theyaredangerous.D)TheyareenvironmentalD)ByjoggingDirections:Inthissection,youwillhearthreepassages.Attheendofeachpassage,youwillhearthreeorfourquestions.Boththepassageandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaquestion,youmustchoosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet1withasinthroughthecentre.Questions16to18arebasedonthepass16.A)HeisadeafpersonD)Hedoesn’tuseemailortextmessaB)TransformationintheITinduC)ImprovedcommunicationB)HecanunderstandwitheaQuestions19to21arebasedonthepassageyouhavB)Toenterahousew20.A)Paintingtheinterioroftheircupboards.B)Doingthepaintingjoballbythemselves.C)DesigningallwindowD)Choosingacolourbecauseitisfa21.A)PaintthewoodenframeworksandwallsthesamecolB)Matchtheroom’sceilingwithallthefurnitureincolouC)HanglandscapepaintingsallD)Fitmostofthecupboardsintowalls.Questions22to25arebasedonthepassageyouhaveju23.A)Thespeedoftheirbraindevelopmentininfancy.B)Thenumberofbookstheyhavereadbyagefour.C)Thenumberandqualityofbooksparentsreadtothemininfancy.D)Thequalityandquantityoftimeparentsspendplayingwiththem.24.A)BookstellingveryinterestingstoB)Bookswithpicturesofdollsandtoys.C)Booksdescribingthelivesofanimals.D)Bookswithspecificallylabeledima25.A)ShareexperienceB)CreatepicturebooksfortheirchildrC)ChoosecarefullywhattoreadtotheirchiD)ReadasmanybooksaspossibletotheirchildrePartIIIReadingComprehensionDirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Ythanonce.Phonesinfluenceallaspectsofteenagelife.Ninety-fivepercentofAmericansages13to17haveasmartphoneorhaveaccesstoone,andnearlyhalfreportusingtheinternet“almost26.”timetobeunsatisfyinglyspent.Continuousenjoyment.Anew28representativesurveyabout“screentimeanddevicedistractions”fromthePewResearchCenterindicatesthatit’snotjustparentswhothworryingly29fromtheirphones—manyteensthemselvesdotoo.Fifty-fourpercentofthe13-to-17-year-oldssurveyedsaidtheyspendtoomuchVickyRideout,whorunsaresearchfirmthatstudieschildren’sinandtechnology,wasnotsurprisedbythisfinding.Shesaysit’shardly31toteenager“Theyaredealingwiththesamechallofatechenvironmentdesignedtosuckasmuchoftheirtimeontotheirdevicesaspossible,”Rideoutsays.Thewayparentsinteractwithtechnologycan33thewaytheyinteractwiththeirkids.Rideoutthusthinksit’suptoparentstomodelgood34:KidstendtotakenoteiftheirparentsputtheirphoWitnessinghabitslikethatcanhelpkids“realizethatA)absorbedB)addictedC)behaviorD)constantlyE)contextF)exerciseG)inseparableH)nationallyI)recruitedJ)shapeK)solutionL)specificM)summaryN)usageO)vaguelyDirections:Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementcontainsinformationgiveninoneoftheparagraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisderived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethaparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.A)AfewyearsagoIfoundmycriminologystudentstohelpthemcontextualizetheoryandresearchwithincontrovecurrenttopics.Itwasahugesuccess.Thedebateswereheatedstudent,lecturerandresearcher,I’veenjoyeddiscuwillingtolisten.WhatIlikemostisdestroyingthecliche(陳詞濫調(diào))ofgoodandevil,andreplacingthemwithscientificinsight.Weneedamoreinformedwabehaviorthatatfirstwecannot,orshouldnot,begintounderstand.B)Withoutunderstanding,weriskdehumanizingothers,writingoffhbecausewedon’tcomprehendthem.Wemusttrytounderstandwhatwehavelabeledevil.Wetendtothinkevilissomethingthatotherpeopeople”,andevenwhenwedomorallywrongthings,weunderstandthdecisions.Withothers,however,itisfareasiertowritethemoff.(偏離)substantiallyfromwhatweconsideracceptable,wemaylabelthemevil.Weneedtobecarefulwiththis.Callingsomeoneevilisoftensandperhapsaren’tevenahumanatall.However,whenyouactuallygomoandyoulookdeeplyatthepeoplebehindshockingbehavior,youmaybesurprised.C)AsachildIusedtolovetheScooby-Doocthegangwouldhavetofindamonsterwhowasterrorizinganeighborhood.Theywouldrunaroundlookingforcluesandattheendunmaskthebpersoninacostume.Therewerenomonsters.Liketheourselveshuntingforaneasyfix,onewordforpeoplewhodobadthings.Butifwetakeagoodlook,theword“evihumansdobadthings:insteadtherearemany,andtheyareallmarvelouslydiffereD)Evilistypicallyreferredtowhenthereitheviolationoflaws,liketheft,murder,violationsofsocialnorms,likelying.Evilbehavioristypicallythoughttoembraceoneorbothforms.However,deviadescribeabehaviorthatsimplydiffersfromtE)Perhapsthisiswherewecanfindthegoodsideofourbadside.Deviatingfromthcanmakeusvillains(惡棍),butitcanalsomakeusheroes.Achilddeviatesfromsocialpressureswhentheystandupforanotherchildbeingbulliedinschool.Asoldierdwhentheychoosenottofoltechcompanydeviateswhentheyexposeitswrongdoings.F)Creativityisalsoadeviation.Here,too,thingsarecomplex.Thusmodernmedicine,technologyandmodernpolipoisonandnuclearweapons.Greatbehumantendency.G)Inaresearchpaper,EvilGenius,publisGinoandScottWiltermuthwantedtoexaminewhetherpeoplewhobehaveunethicallyinrdifferencesinbaselinecreativeskills.Theunethicalbehaviortheychosewasdishoonestudy,theyweregivenmatrixes(矩陣)andhadtofindtwonumbersthataddedupto10.Participantswereaskedtoself-reporthowwelltheydidacheatedbysayingthattheysolvedmorematrixesthantheyactuallyI)Aftereachtask,theresearchersmeasuredparticipants’performanceontheRemoteAssociatesTest.Thisshowsparticipantsthreewordsatatimethatappeartobeunrelated,andthepersonhastothinkofafourthwordthatisassociatedwithalloftmoreyougetright,thewithuncommonassociations.thefirsttaskdidbetteronthecreativitytask.Why?Likeotherformsofunethicalbehavior,lyingmeansbreakingrules.Itinvolvesbeingdeviant,goingagainstthesocialprinciplethatpeopleshouldtellthetruth.Simideviatingfromexpectations.lyingincontrolledenvironment.Findonlinelogicgamesandc(拼字游戲)withadictionary,orwriteastoryaboutsomethingthatisuntrue?Suchtaskscangetourbrainsthinkingflexibly,beyondournormalcomfortzonbecomeacompulsive(強(qiáng)迫性的)liar,butacontrolleK)36.Abehaviorthatdoesnotconformtosocialnormsmaybedescribedasbeing37.Variousexperimentsfoundthatparticbetterinthecreativitytest.38.Peoplemaybesimplyconsideredeviliftheirbehaviorsaremorallyunacceptabletous.39.Theresearchpublishedbytwoscientistswasintendedtoexaminetherelationshipbetweendishonestyandcreativity.40.Theauthor’slecturessparkedlivelydiscussi41.Theresearcherstestedtheparticipants’creativitybyaskingthemtoplay42.Itistimewerealizedthatdeviancemayb43.Thereasonsforpeople’sevilbehaviorscanbeexplainedinmorewaysthano44.Themathtaskinoneexperimentwasdesignedtotestparticipants’tendencyto45.SomecreativeideashaveturnedouttodoharSectionCDirections:Thereare2passagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).YoushoulddecideonthebestchoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughtPassageOneQuestions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.misery,thisdoctorhasbeenchangingthegameforseniorsoverthelastItallstartedin1991whentheHarvard-educatedphysicianwastransferrinastressfulemergencyroomtobeingthemedicaldirectorofanursinghomeinupstateNewYork.Thedepressingandregimented(嚴(yán)格管制的)environmentgothimthinkingonwhatexactlycouldimprovetheresidents’cchance.Basedonahunch(直覺),hebroughtintwodogmultitudeofplants,aflowergarden,andavegetablepatch.dramaticdecreaseindeathrates—butmostimportantly,theresidentsweresimplyhaDr.Thomas’sapproach,namedtheEdenAlternative,hasdrivennursinghomestoallowamoreautonomous(自主的)andcreativelivingspacefortheirelderly.Iterasesthebeliefthatgrowingoldmeansgrowinguseless.Heenenrichingnewphaseofliferatherthantheendofit.Thomas,nowaspeakerandauthorofseverindependently-runresidenceswiththeirownbedroomsandbathrooms,andhepreachingasingularmessagethatgettingoldisnotabadthing.“Withinsixweeks,theyhadtosendatruckaroundtopickupallthewheelchairs,”WashingtonPost.“Youknowwhymostpeopleinnursinthebuildingsaresobig.”Americawithenormoussuccess.LastyearhepublishedSecondWind:NavigatingthePassagetoaSlower,Deeper,andMoreConnectedLife,aguideonhowtoshiftourperspectivesonagingandgrowth.HeiscurrentlytravelingthroughNorthAmericaperforminenthusiasmonhisAgeofDisruptionTour.46.WhathasBillThomasbeendoingforaquarterofacentury?A)Transformingpeople’slifestyle.B)HonoringhisHarvardeducatiC)Changingpeople’sphilosophyoflife.D)Shiftingpeople’sper47.WhydidBillThomastrysomethingdifferentinthenursinA)HewantedtomakeitmorepleasantforsenioB)HewantedtoapplyhisHarvardtrainingtopracC)HefeltithisdutytorevolutionizeitsmaD)Hefeltdisappointedworkingintheenvironm48.WhatdowelearnaboutBillThomasbringinganimalsandplantsintothenursingA)Hemadeamessofthenursinghome.B)HedidsomethingallprofessionalswouC)HewoninstantsupportfromthesD)Heactedinviolationofthestatelaw.49.WhathasBillThomasbeenpersistentlyadvocatA)Goodhealthisnotjustaprivilegeoftheyoung.B)NursinghomesshouldbestrictlC)GettingoldisbynomeanssomethingmD)Residencesforseniorsshouldberunindependen50.HowisBillThomas’snewconcA)ItisgaininggroundinmanycoB)ItisbeingheatedlydebatedworldwC)ItisconsideredrevolutionaryevD)ItiswinningapprovalfromthegoverPassageTwoQuestions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Researchshowsthatindeveconsumehigherqualitydiets—inclOnthecontrary,economicallydisadvantageenergy-dense.TheyarelesslikelytohavefohealthrecommendationThesedietarydifferencesareoftenaccompaniedbyhigherratesofobesityanddamonglowerincomepeohealthisextensivelydocumented.case—aquestionthathassignificantiinitiativestoimprovedietsandpreventchronicdiseases.Public-healthinitiativestopromotehealthydietsoftenfocusonprovidingnutritioneducationandrecipes(食譜).Theseapproaches,however，oftenpresumelessfooknowledgeandskills)amonglow-incomepeople.Areunhealthydietsreallytheresultofpoorchoices,limitedfoodskillsandknowleResearchsuggeststhatadultsinfoodfood-securehouseholdstoadjustrecipestomakethemmorehealthy.Thproficientinfoodprepaskillsorbudgetingskillswillreducefoodinsecurity.Instead,disadvantagedgrocircumstances.Forexample,lowincomeisthestrongestCanada,whereoneineighthouseholdsexperiencesinsufficientaccesstonutritiousIt’swell-establishedthatfoodpricesareanimportantdeterminantoffoodchoice.Low-incomehouseholdsreportthattheyfoodpricesareabarriertoimprovingtheirdiWhenresearchersestimatethecostofdietspeopleactuatypicallymorecostWhilethismaybeso,itdoesnot,initself,provethathealthydietsarenecessarilymoexpensiveorcostprohibitive.Afterall,notallsocioeconomicallydisadvantagedpeopleWecaneasilythinkofanumberoffoodsandrecipnutritious.Theinternetisfullofrecipesfor“eatingwellonabudget.