Unit 2 課時5 Section B（3a-SelfCheck）【學(xué)案】（核心提要+精講專練） 人教版 八年級下冊英語教材講義

Unit2I’llhelptocleanupthecityparks.課時5SectionB（3a-SelfCheck）Learningaims:1.復(fù)習(xí)動詞不定式的不同用法。掌握生詞interest,sir,madam。2.能夠用英語表述常見的志愿活動，并就自己喜歡的志愿活動發(fā)表看法。重點(diǎn)詞匯和短語1.打掃干凈___________________2.(使)變得更高興；振奮起來___________________3.分發(fā)；散發(fā)___________________4.放棄___________________5.張貼___________________6.推遲___________________7.打電話給(某人)___________________8.修理；解決___________________9.贈送；捐贈___________________10.建立；設(shè)立___________________11.幫助解決困難___________________12.用完___________________13.想出；提出___________________（一）動詞不定式動詞不定式是一種非謂語動詞形式，其結(jié)構(gòu)為＂to＋動詞原形＂，其中to不是介詞，而是動詞不定式的符號，稱為小品詞，動詞不定式?jīng)]有人稱和數(shù)的變化。動詞不定式和其后面的名詞等構(gòu)成不定式短語，在句子中可以用作主語、表語、賓語、補(bǔ)足語、定語、狀語等。本單元主要學(xué)習(xí)其作賓語、狀語、賓補(bǔ)的用法?！魟釉~不定式的形式及性質(zhì)（1）動詞不定式的基本形式：todo（to有時可省略）；（2）動詞不定式變否定：not（to）do；（3）動詞不定式無人稱變化；（4）動詞不定式仍保留動詞特點(diǎn)，可以有自己的賓語和狀語。?tospeakatthemeeting在會議上發(fā)言toreadnewspapers看報(bào)紙◆動詞不定式的句法作用一、作賓語動詞不定式（短語）可以放在一些動詞后面用作賓語，能以動詞不定式作賓語的動詞有：begin，want，remember，agree，learn，like，decide，fail，pretend，demand，refuse等。?Youmustlearntolookafteryourself.你必須學(xué)著照顧自己。?Theyvolunteertocleanupthehousefortheoldlady.他們自愿給老人打掃房子。?Theywouldliketocomebybus.他們想乘公共汽車來。二、作賓語補(bǔ)足語。?ItellhimtoarriveonSunday.我讓他周日到達(dá)。?LiLeiaskedhisdeskmatetohelphimwithEnglish.李磊請同桌幫他學(xué)英語。?Theteacheraskedthestudentstoreaditagain.那個老師讓學(xué)生們又把它讀了一遍。動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示賓語所做的動作，可以用動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞有：tell，ask，want，like，invite，encourage，help等。但在see，watch，hear，feel，notice等感官動詞或let，make，have等使役動詞后面作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞不定式一般要省略動詞不定式符號＂to＂，可以歸納為以下三種句式：1.不可以省to的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語：tell/ask/want/wouldlike/wish/suppose/invite/encourage/teach/dependon等+sb+todosth?Theteachertoldustocomeearliertomorrow.老師告訴我們明天早點(diǎn)來。?Herparentswishhertobeateacher.她的父母希望她成為一名教師。2.?。o＂的不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語：（1）Let/make/have+sb+dosth?Lettheboygooutnow.讓那個男孩現(xiàn)在出去。?Theymadethechildrenplaythepiano6hoursadaylastmonth.上個月他們讓這些孩子每天彈6個小時的鋼琴。學(xué)&科網(wǎng)（2）see/watch/hear/notice/feel+sb+dosth?Iheardthemarguethismorning.今天早上我聽到他們吵架了。（強(qiáng)調(diào)整個過程）

【注意】①help帶不帶to均可以。?Ioftenhelpmymother(to)dohousework.我經(jīng)常幫助媽媽做家務(wù)。②此類動詞后用不帶to的不定式作賓補(bǔ)，當(dāng)變被動時，必須還原to。?WilliamisoftenseentoplayChinesekungfuinthepark.人們?？吹酵诠珗@練中國功夫。4.否定形式：（1）動詞不定式的否定式是直接在to前加上not。?Tellthemnottoplayfootballinthestreet.（2）省to的動詞不定式的否定式是直接在動詞前面加not。?Lettheboynotgo.不要讓那個男孩走。1．Mymotheroftentellsme________atschool.A．notfight B．notfighting C．don’tfight D．nottofight三、作狀語（1）作目的狀語。?Hestoppedtohavearest.他停下來休息。強(qiáng)調(diào)動詞不定式所表示的目的時，動詞不定式可用inorderto或soasto+動詞原形，soasto不可用于句首。?Thebusstoppedsoastopickuppassengers.公共汽車停下來以便接乘客。（2）作結(jié)果狀語。?Hewokeuponlytofindeverybodygone.他醒來時才發(fā)現(xiàn)所有的人都走了。?HisgrandmalivedtoseetheliberationofChina.他奶奶活到了中國解放。?Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.他年齡足夠大了，可以去上學(xué)了。（3）在某些表示喜、怒、哀、樂等的形容詞后作原因狀語。?I’mproudtohavetakenpartinthecompetitions.很榮幸參加了這些競賽。?I’mhappytohavefoundmanythingsIcando.很高興找到了很多我能做的事。1．Youneedtochange________livebetter.A．inorderthat B．inorderto C．sothat D．inorder◆動詞不定式可以和what，which，how，where，when等特殊疑問詞連用。?ThequestionisIdon’tknowwhentostart.問題是我不知道什么時候開始。?Youdonotknowwhattodoandhowtodoit.你不知道要去做什么或者怎么做。（二）動詞短語短語動詞是一種固定詞組，由動詞加介詞或副詞等構(gòu)成，其作用相當(dāng)于一個動詞。◆構(gòu)成：常見的形式有：1.動詞＋副詞，如：putup2.動詞＋介詞，如：lookat3.動詞＋副詞＋介詞，如：runoutof4.動詞＋名詞＋介詞，如：takecareof◆動詞＋副詞（1）常見的相當(dāng)于及物動詞的這類短語動詞有：cheerup（振奮起來），cleanup（打掃干凈），setup（建立），putup（搭建，張貼），cutup（切碎），fixup（修理），workout（算出），giveout（分發(fā)），giveaway（贈送），thinkover（仔細(xì)思考），turnover（把……翻過來），handin（上交）等。【注意】此類短語相當(dāng)于及物動詞時，后面必須跟賓語，若名詞作賓語，可以放在副詞前面或后面，但代詞作賓語時，必須置于副詞之前。例：1．It’sdangerousforpeople________themobilephonewhentheycrossthestreet.A．lookat B．lookingat C．tolookat D．lookedat2．Ihavenopaper.Couldyougivemeapieceofpaper________?A．towritein B．writein C．towriteon D．writeon（2）常見的相當(dāng)于不及物動詞的這類短語動詞有：getup（起床），startoff（動身），comeback（回來），getdown（下來），holdon（等一下；別掛斷），lookout（當(dāng)心，小心），getaway（逃離）等?！魟釉~＋介詞這種結(jié)構(gòu)的短語動詞在句中作謂語時，后面必須接賓語。常見的有：lookfor（尋找），standfor（代表），waitfor（等待），payfor（付費(fèi)），sendfor（派人去請），takeafter（像），hearfrom（收到……的來信），hearof（聽說），dependon（依靠）等?！魟釉~＋副詞＋介詞這種短語動詞相當(dāng)于及物動詞，介詞后面須跟賓語。常見的有：addupto（總共是），catchupwith（趕上），lookdownupon（瞧不起），runoutof（耗盡，用光）◆動詞＋名詞＋介詞這種短語動詞相當(dāng)于及物動詞，后面需接賓語，有時名詞前可以加形容詞修飾。常見的有：makefunof（取笑），makeuseof（利用），payattentionto（注意），takecareof（照顧）等?！咀⒁狻窟@類短語動詞后面的賓語無論是名詞還是代詞，都要放在介詞之后。Heistakingcareofhislittlebrother.他在照顧他弟弟。Weshouldn’tmakefunofothers.我們不應(yīng)該嘲笑他人。一、單項(xiàng)選擇1．Heinvitedhertohisbirthdayparty,butsherefused________.A．togo B．going C．togoing D．go2．Hewarnsme________intheriver.A．nottoswim B．notswimming C．notswim D．noswim3．Therearesomanykindsofmobilephoneshere.Ican’tdecide________.A．whattobuy B．tobuywhatC．whichtobuy D．tobuywhich4．—I’dliketo________myfoodtomyclassmateswhentheyarehungry.—Youaresokind.A．getup B．eatup C．giveout D．getout5．Thedoctorsdidwhattheycould________thegirlwhocaughtCovid-19.A．tosave B．saving C．save D．saved二、用所給單詞適當(dāng)形式填空6．Mom,whencanIlearn________(paint)?7．Ithinkbookscanmakeabig________(different)tous.8．Therearemanyplacesof__________(interest)wecouldvisitinBeijing.9．Hewasso__________（excite）whenheheardthenews.10．Youcan’timaginehowmany__________（difficult）wemet.三、完形填空ThankyouforallyourhardworklastweekendraisingmoneyforSunnyHouseOldPeople’sHome.Weall____11____agreattimeanditwasnicetoseealotofnewvolunteers!Hereiswhatwe____12____lastweekend.OnSaturday,somevolunteerswenttoSunnyHouseOldPeople’sHome.FionaandTom____13____someoftheoldpeople.David,JohnandAlicemadeteafor____14____.SamplayedthepianoandSallywashedtheladies’hair.Intheevening,weputonacharity____15____fortheoldpeople.Itmadethemvery____16____.GraceplayedtheviolinandNicksangsongs.Someoftheoldpeoplesangalongwiththem.OnSunday,weheldafairontheschoolplayground.Inthemorning,we____17____food,drinks,andsomeotherthingsforthefair.NancyandAnnhelpedoneanothertobuyfruitfortheirstalls.LeoandPiphelpedoneanotherto____18____oldbooks,magazinesandcomicsfortheirstalls.AmyandTomhelpedeachotherdecorate(裝飾)theirstalls.Intheafternoon,NancysoldfruitsaladandAnnsoldfruitjuice.LeoandPipsoldoldbooks,magazinesandcomics.Johandedoutflags.Hegavetheflagstopeople____19____puttheirdonationsintohisbasket.Manystudentsandtheirfamiliescametothefairand______20______money.WehaveraisedalotofmoneyforSunnyHouseOldPeople’sHome.Thankyou!11．A．found B．had C．spent D．took12．A．did B．a(chǎn)te C．saw D．had13．A．fixedup B．madefunof C．playedchesswith D．tookafter14．A．nobody B．oneself C．someone D．everyone15．A．class B．show C．website D．a(chǎn)dvertisement16．A．happy B．similar C．scared D．sleepy17．A．borrowed B．repaired C．organized D．imagined18．A．write B．fill C．buy D．collect19．A．what B．where C．who D．when20．A．donated B．coached C．set D．reported四、閱讀理解TerryFoxwasonlyseventeenwhenhegotcancer(癌癥).Hemusthavefelthopelesswhenthedoctorsaidhisrightlegwouldhavetobecutoff6inches(英寸)abovetheknee.Buttoeveryone’ssurprise,TerryFoxmadeuphismindtobecomealong-distance(長距離的)runneranddosomethingaboutthecancer.Whatadream!Althoughitseemedimpossible,Terrydecidedtorunacrossthewholecountry.Hehopedtoraiseonemilliondollarsforcancerresearch.Fewpeoplebelievedhewouldmakeit.Anyway,onApril12,1980,TerryFoxbeganhisMarathonofHope.Forthefirstfewdaysofhismarathon,TerryFoxwasalone.Hestartedrunningat4:30am.Daybyday,peoplebegantorealizethatsomethingbigwashappeningonthelonelyroad.AspeoplesawTerry,theystoppedanddonated(捐贈)moneyforcancerresearch.However,hishealthtookarapidturnfortheworseseveralmonthslater.HehadtogiveuphismarathononSeptember1,1980.Terrydiedthreemonthslater,attheageof22.Inhisshortlife,heraised$24millionforcancerresearch—onedollarforeachpersoninhismotherland.Sincehisdeath,theyearlyTerryFoxRun,firstheldin1981,hasgrowntobetheworld’slargestone—dayfundraiser(募捐活動)forcancerresearch.21．WhatdoestheunderlinedsentenceinParagraph2mean?A．Thedreamwasverystrange. B．Itwassuchasillydream.C．Thedreamwaseasytoachieve. D．Itwasalmostanimpossibledream.22．Terrygaveuphismarathonin1980because________.A．hefoundittootiring B．nobodysupportedhimC．hewastoosicktocontinue D．heraisedenoughmoney23．WhendidTerryFoxgetcancer?A．In1975. B．In1980. C．In1981. D．In1958.24．HowmuchmoneydidTerryraiseforcancerresearchinhisshortlife?A．$2.4million. B．$24billion. C．$24million. D．$2.4billion.25．Whatisthewriter’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A．TotelluswhenTerryFoxRunwasfirstheld.B．Totellusnottogiveupwhenfaci