牛津上海版高二第17講-分詞用法詳解

授課日期時間主題分詞用法詳解學習目標1.掌握現(xiàn)在分詞的不同形式和含義；2.掌握現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞作表語、定語、狀語、賓語補足語的差別；教學內(nèi)容上次課后鞏固作業(yè)復習；互動探索。IntheQuietNightSobrightagleamonthefootofmybed;Couldtherehavebeenafrostalready？Liftingmyheadtolook,ifoundthatitwasmoonlight.Sinkingbackagain,ithoughtsuddenlyofmyhome.NightThoughtsInfrontofmybedthemoonlightisverybright.Iwonderifthatcanbefrostonthefloor?Iliftupmyheadandlookatthefullmoon,thedazzlingmoon.Idroppedmyhead,andthinofthehomeofolddays.生詞備注：gleamn.微光，閃光frostn.霜，冰凍dazzlev.使……炫目；使……眼花現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞的用法【知識梳理1】現(xiàn)在分詞的四種形式現(xiàn)在分詞除了一般式之外，還有完成式和被動式，以動詞do為例，現(xiàn)在分詞的四種形式見下表：doingbeingdonehavingdonehavingbeendone1)doing：主動/進行eg.a)IhearsomeonesinginganEnglishsonginthenextroom.Lastnight,IheardsomeonesinginganEnglishsonginthenextroom.b)Themanstandingontheplatformiswavinghishandtous.c)Theystoodbytheroadside,begging.doing所表示的動作與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，與邏輯主語是主動關(guān)系。2)beingdone：被動/進行eg.Theproblembeingdiscussedisveryimportant.Themuseumbeingbuilttherewillbeopentothepublicnextyear.beingdone所表示的動作與謂語動詞同時發(fā)生，但與邏輯主語是被動關(guān)系。3)havingdone：主動／完成eg.Havingdonehishomework,Timplayedchesswithhisfriends.Havingcleanedtheclassroom,Iwenthome.havingdone所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，與邏輯主語是主動關(guān)系。4)havingbeendone：被動/完成eg.Havingbeensurroundedbythefloodforoveraweek,thevillagerslackedfoodandmedicine.Havingbeenshownthelibrary,thevisitorswereledtotheaudio-visuallab.havingbeendone所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，與邏輯主語是被動關(guān)系?，F(xiàn)在分詞doing(主動/進行)beingdone(被動/進行)havingdone(主動/完成)havingbeendone(被動/完成)過去分詞/done(被動/完成)havingbeendone與done的區(qū)別：試分析：WritteninsimpleEnglish,thebookiseasytoread.Builtmorethan800yearsago,theKrimlinistheworkingplaceoftheRussianpresident.Havingbeensurroundedbythefloodforoveraweek,thevillagerslackedfoodandmedicine.Havingbeenshownroundthelibrary,thevisitorswereledtotheaudio-visuallab.過去分詞所表示的動作也發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前，與邏輯主語的關(guān)系也是被動，但它不像havingbeendone強調(diào)兩個動作先后發(fā)生，過去分詞經(jīng)?？杀硎疽环N完成的狀態(tài)。5)分詞的否定形式：not+分詞eg.Sheremainedsilent,notknowingwhattosay.Nothearingthebell,theteacherkeptonteaching.【知識梳理2】分詞的功能1．表語(doing/done)eg.Thesituationisinspiring.Thelittlegirlischarming.Helooksdisappointed.NanjingRoadiscrowdedatweekend.Thosedaysaregoneforever.2．賓語補足語(doing/done)可以跟分詞作賓語補足語的常用動詞有see,lookat,notice,watch,observe,hear,listento,feel,smell,have,get,set,leave,keep,make,find等。eg.Maryheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.Ifoundhimsitting/seatedatthebackoftheroom.Ididn’trecognizehim,becausehehadhishaircut.Don’tworry.I’llhavethecarwaitingforyou.Shesawherbabyplayingwiththeirpetdog.Shesawapatientcarriedoutoftheroombythedoctors.Thepolicemannoticedthesmallkitchenwindowbroken.*Theteachercaughthimcheatingintheexam.*Iwon’thaveyoutalkinglikethat.3．定語(doing/done/beingdone)分詞作定語，如果只是單個的分詞，一般放在名詞前，如是詞組，一般放在名詞之后。eg.Hetookaburningstickfromthefire.Therewasalightedcandleatthecornerofthetable.Wemetagroupofchildrentrainingintheplayground.MrSmithisamangreatlyrespectedbyhiscolleagues.Thehousebeingrepairedwasonfirelastnight.4．狀語(doing/done/havingdone/havingbeendone)分詞（短語）經(jīng)常用作時間、原因、條件及伴隨狀語。eg.Hearingthenews,theyjumpedforjoy.Havingreceivedthefinalmedicalcheck,theastronautsboardedthespaceship.Havingbeenoperatedontheleg,thepatientwasmovedtotheward.Beingyoung,hewasenergetic.Badlyinjured,thedriverlostconsciousness.Havinglivedthereformorethanhalfayear,sheisfamiliarwiththecity.Givenmoretime,Icoulddoitbetter.Heatedforawhile,waterwillturnintovapour.Theysatonthegrass,lookingatthesettingsun.Holdingthemillion-poundnote,hestoodtheredumbfounded.分詞作狀語，分詞短語前有時還可以用連詞when,while,if,unless,once,until,though等。eg.Ifplayingallday,youwillwasteyourtime.Don’tmentionitwhen/whiletalkingwithMary.Hewillnotcomeunlessinvited.Thoughwarnedofthedanger,hestillwentskatingontheice.Leavethechickenintheovenuntilcookedtoabrowncolor.有的分詞短語已經(jīng)相當于一個固定用語，如generallyspeaking,judgingfrom...,talkingof...等，要靠平時注意和積累。eg.Judgingfromhisappearance,hecan’tbeoverforty.Generallyspeaking,boysaremoreinterestedinsuchactivitiesthangirls.Talkingoflanguagelearning,communicationisofgreatimportance.注意：我們用分詞作狀語的時候，它的邏輯主語必須是句子的主語或分詞前面的名詞。錯句：Walkingthroughthepark,theflowerslookedbeautiful.→Walkingthroughthepark,Isawsomebeautifulflowers.錯句：Runningintothehouse,thedoorbangedaftertheboy.→Runningintothehouse,theboybangedthedoor.5．分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)(AbsoluteConstruction)A)Trytoturnthefollowingcomplexsentencesintosimpleones:a)BecauseIhadlostallmymoney,Ihadtogiveupmyplan.→Havinglostallmymoney,Ihadtogiveupmyplan.b)Whenshewasleftaloneintheroom,shebegantoweep.→Leftaloneintheroom,shebegantoweep.c)Iftimepermits,Iwillshowyouroundthecampus.→Permitting,Iwillshowyouroundthecampus×→Timepermitting,Iwillshowyouroundthecampus.√當分詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語不一致時，我們可以保留這個邏輯主語，這種“名詞+分詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)，就是分詞的獨立結(jié)構(gòu)。eg.Theworkdone,theysettocleantheroom.=Aftertheworkwasdone,theysettocleantheroom.Therebeingnooneintheroom,Ileftanoteonthedesk.=Sincetherewasnooneintheroom,Ileftanoteonthedesk.Thelastbushavinggone,wehadtowalkhome.=Becausethelastbushadgone,wehadtowalkhome.試試看：Isawaboylayontheground,histeeth______(set),hiseyes______(look)upwards,hisrighthand______(clench)onhischest.B)分詞的獨立結(jié)構(gòu)之前，有時還可以帶有介詞with。(with+noun+-ing/-ed)eg.Thelittleboycalledouttohismother,withtearsrunningdownhischeeks.Theoldwomansatonthebed,withherlegscrossed.如果在with+分詞獨立結(jié)構(gòu)中的分詞是being的話，being經(jīng)常省略。eg.Don’ttalkwithyourmouth(being)full.Shesetoutinthemorning,withaheavybasket(being)onherback.【鞏固練習】基礎題：Jacksonknewhewouldsurelygetifhewenttoworklateagain.A.shoutingatB.shoutedat C.toshoutat D.tobeshoutedatEventhebestwriterssometimesfindthemselvesforwords.A.lose

B.lost

C.tolose

D.havinglostClairehadluggageanhourbeforeherplaneleft.

A.check

B.checking

C.tocheck

D.checkedMichaelputupapictureofYaoMingbesidethebedtokeephimselfofhisowndreams.A.reminding

B.toremindC.reminded

D.RemindTherarefish,fromthecookingpot,hasbeenreturnedtothesea.A.saved

B.saving

C.tobesaved

D.havingsavedTsinghuaUniversity,in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.A.found

B.founding

C.founded

D.tobefoundedTheplayersfromthewholecountryareexpectedtobringushonorinthissummergame.A.selecting

B.toselect

C.selected

D.havingselectedThecomputercenter,lastyear,isverypopularamongthestudentsinthisschoolA.openB.openingC.havingopenedD.openedThefirsttextbooksforteachingEnglishasaforeignlanguagecameoutinthe16thcentury.A.havingwrittenB.tobewrittenC.beingwrittenD.writtenSofarnobodyhasclaimedthemoneyinthelibrary.A.discovered B.tobediscoveredC.discovering D.havingdiscovered Agreatnumberofstudentssaidtheywereforcedtopracticethepiano.A.toquestionB.tobequestionedC.questionedD.questioningThesecretaryworkedlateintothenight,alongspeechforthepresident.A.toprepareB.preparingC.preparedD.waspreparingEuropeanfootballisplayedin80countries,itthemostpopularsportintheworld.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.tomakeWhendifferentcultures,weoftenpayattentiononlytothedifferenceswithoutnoticingthemanysimilarities.A.comparedB.beingcomparedC.comparingD.havingcomparedWheneverhewasaskedwhyhewaslateforclass,hewouldanswercarelessly,alwaysthesamething.A.saying B.said C.tosay D.havingsaid提高題：Acookwillbeimmediatelyfiredifheisfound(smoke)inthekitchen.Helookedaroundandcaughtaman(put)hishandintothepocketofapassenger.Ifoundhim(work)hardonhisbook.Lucyhasagreatsenseofhumorandalwayskeepshercolleagues(amuse)withherstories.amusedThepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain(seat)astheplanewasmakingalanding.seatedInApril,thousandsofholidaymakersremained(stick)abroadduetothevolcanicashcloud.Rarespeciesintheworld,(disappear)byhundredseveryyear,mustbejointlypreservedbyallcountries,orhumanswillencounterecologicaldisasterinthenearfuture.HeisastudentatOxfordUniversity,(study)foradegreeincomputerscience.Theflowers(smell)sweetinthebotanicgardenattractthevisitorstothebeautyofname.Willthose(teach)thechildrenfromabroadcometotheheadmaster’soffice?(live)allbyherselfformanyyears,theoldladyissometimesverydifficulttogetalongwith.AtonepointImadeupmymindtotalktoUncleSam.ThenIchangedmymind,(realize)thathecoulddonothingtohelp.Theybothworkedveryhardforyears.(earn)enoughmoney,theyfinallycouldmovefromtheirtwo-bedroomhometoaseven-bedroomhomeinarichneighborhood.HespentalmostallhistimechattingontheInternet,(forget)manythingsheshouldhavedone.(complete)theprogramme,theyhavetostaythereforanothertwoweeks.(build)atunnelthroughthemountain,theworkersdiscoveredanundergroundlake.(suffer)fromhearttroubleforyears,ProfessorWhitehastotakesomemedicinewithhimwhereverhegoes.When(complete)，thpmuseumwillbeopentothepublicnextyear.Asmallplanecrashedintoahillsidefivemileseastofthecity,(kill)allfourpeopleonboard.Inthatnewly-builtcomputercentre,thereareagreatnumberofmoderncomputers,withsixexperts__________(answer)questionsthatusersmayask.There(be)norainforalongtime,mostofthecropsinthisareadiedfromlackingwater.Withwinter(come),treesarebeginningtoshedleaves.LastweekendPeterhadagreatdealoffunwithhisfamily(fly)kitesinapark.Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner，andwithhiswork，(finish)hegladlyacceptedit.Batsaresurprisinglylong-livedcreatures,some(have)alifespanofaround20years.一個人在家時，她感到害怕，整晚開著燈。Have不知道他的電話號碼，我無法和他取得聯(lián)系。touch當發(fā)現(xiàn)店主在欺騙我時，我馬上走出了商店。catch看到奶奶有些睡意，他拉上窗簾并把電視的音量調(diào)低了。(turn)比利大量的閑暇時間都花在集郵上，在他的收藏品中增添新的郵票。(spend,add)因為有一座橋與大陸連接，那個島嶼很容易去。（join）每個運動員都刻苦訓練，希望在奧運會上獲獎牌。(hope)聽到這個駭人的消息，他的眼睛睜得很大。(Onhearing…)時間允許的話，我會把你昨天布置給我的任務先完成。（獨立主格結(jié)構(gòu)）Mike在他屋子外的大街上發(fā)現(xiàn)了他丟失的汽車，看上去剛擦得干干凈凈，還打過臘。（look）基礎題：Thefrontdoorofthehouse,sowehadtoenterthroughthebackdoor.A.beingpainted B.havingbeenpainted C.tobepainted D.wasbeingpaintedPumas,whicharelarge,cat-likeanimals,willnotattackhumanbeingsifundisturbed.A.leaving B.left C.beingleft D.tobeleftThebuildinginourschoolisforusteachers,soalthoughthere’snoisemostoftheday,westillfeelhappyaboutit.A.built B.hasbeenbuilt C.isbeingbuilt D.beingbuiltThesesurveysindicatethatmanycrimesgobythepolice,mainlybecausenotallvictimsreportthem.A.tobeunrecorded B.tohavebeenunrecordedC.unrecorded D.unrecordingAlltheteachersandstudentsinourschoolcontributedweeklytoaspecialfundtoimprovetheconditionofthefootballfield.A.intended B.intending C.intends D.tobeintendedWhen,thepowerstationwillsupplypowertonine-tenthsofthecity’shomes.A.iscompleted B.beingcompleted C.havingcompleted D.completedThenewgardenrequirescarefully.A.tolookafter B.beinglookedafter C.lookingafter D.lookedafterIregretyouthatyourapplicationhasbeenrefused.A.informing B.beinginformed C.tobeinformed D.toinforminthought,healmostranintothecarinfrontofhim.A.Losing B.Havinglost C.Lost D.Toloseseveralhundredpounds,thepianowasmovedbyhimalone.A.Weighed B.Weighing C.Beingweighed D.Weigh提高題：However,ifweremembertobegratefulornotsoself-centered,wewillseethattheirlovehasalwaysbeenthere,only(express)inwaysdifferentfromwhatwemayhaveexpected.SofarEnglish,(invent)bypeoplenotcomputers,(reflect)thecreativityofhumanbeings.Thenumberofchildren(admit)tohospitalsafteraccidentsinpublicplaygrounds(27)(climb)byaboutathirdinfiveyears,accordingtoNHSdata.Theyplayedoutside,(build)weaponsandforts(堡壘).Heplanstokeepit(lock)fromnowon.ColdweatheralsobroughtheavysnowstormstotheUS,RussiaandEurope,(cause)deathsandforcinghighwaystoshutdown.(think)aboutitforawhile,hesuddenlymadeuphismind.Iwrotemyfirstpoemattheageoffourorfive,mymother(take)itdowntodictation.Ateleven,whenthewarof1914-18brokeout,Iwroteapoem(print)inthelocalnewspaperlater.Sheseesmanyofherothercousinsinthefield(play)softball.Passengerssittingintherearofaplanehavethebestchanceofsurvivalinaneventofacrash,anextraordinaryandcostlyaviation（航空，飛行）experimentever(conduct)hasrevealed.JustthenthefloorgavewayundermeandIcrashedtothefloorbelowwithpiecesof(burn)woodallaroundme.Assoonasthelocalpeoplediscoverthatyouarewillingtobuylivewildcreatures,thestuffcomes_(pour)in;ninetypercentis,ofcourse,themorecommontypes.Thefirstingredient(list)wasorganicsproutedwheat.(invite)twice,thegirlfinallyagreedtodineoutwiththeboythisweekend他穿著黑色的燕尾服出現(xiàn)在舞臺上，看上去真像一個音樂指揮。(Dress…)成立于50年代，我們的公司在產(chǎn)品質(zhì)量和售后服務方面享有良好的聲譽。(Establish…)深夜聽到有人從窗前走過，他害怕地用被子蒙住了頭。（hear）左撇子只是有些人天生的行為方式，因此我們決不能歧視他們。（lookdown）由于對考試的焦慮,他決定尋求心理醫(yī)生的幫助。（seek）由于缺了兩天時間，我們只得晚于計劃完成這次任務。(short)從那位白發(fā)蒼蒼的老爺爺臉上的皺紋判斷，他一輩子飽經(jīng)風霜。（suffer）望著國旗徐徐升起，運動員們激動地熱淚盈眶。（raise）如果政府聽任工廠污染河道，這兒將再見不到魚。(leave)他們結(jié)婚50年，仍深深相爰。(marry)基礎題：——Whichbookonearthistheoneyouwant?——Therearealargenumberofreferencebooks(choose)from,butI’matalosswhichtobuy.Itisbelievedthatsuchmeasures,once(take),willsurelypreventthetopinfectiousdiseasesfromfurtherspreadinginBeijing.BirdfluexpertDr.MargaretChanhasbeenelectedastheworld’stophealthofficial,(make)herthefirstChinesetoholdsuchahigh-rankingU.N.post.Hehasbeenaccustomedto(deal)withmattersinhisownway.If(take)accordingtothedirections,thedrugwillservetorelieveyourpainsandIthasnosideaffect.When(celebrate)thecompletionoftheproject,weallknowthatthedreamofthechiefengineercametrueatlast.(complete)thehardwork,they(lie)downforarest.(expose)toanEnglishspeakingenvironmentisquiteimportanttotheEnglishlearners.Witheverything(settle),mothersightedarelievedsighandwasreadytohavearest.Winter(come),theriverwasfrozenandthetreeswerebare.Nomatterhowfrequently(play).Theprogram“MyHero”thatdeclaresthebeginningofmalebeautyalwaysattractslargeaudiences.Thetradetalkbrokeupatmidnight(make)noprogressasneithersidewouldaccepttheconditionoftheteacher.The(miss)boywaslastseenplayingneartheEastLake.Therearehundredsofvisitors(wait)infrontoftheArtGallerytohavealookatVanGogh’spaintings.---Youarewetallover.Howcome?----When(catch)intheheavyrainjustnow,Ihadnoumbrellawithme.提高題：一、語法填空題(A)Teachersalwayshavefoundthatteachingandlearningbecomeinterestingandenjoyablewhenstudentsareactivelyinvolvedinthelesson.Theiractiveengagement,however,doesnotcomeautomatically.Inmostcases,teachershavetofindwaystogetthem(1)(involve).HaiK.P.Huynh,anEnglishteacheratAmerican-VietnameseInternationalEnglishCentreinDaNang,Vietnam,demonstrates(2)teacherscangetstudentsactivelyengagedinthelearningprocessandtakechargeoftheirlearningbygivingthemtheopportunitiestofindandcorrectmistakes(3).Theeffectivewayistoprepareanactivity(4)studentstakeovertheroleofcorrectingmistakeswhichisnormallydonebytheteacher.Theteacherpurposefullybecomesthe‘mistakemaker’.Thistechniquecanbringforthseveralbenefits.Forinstance,byswitchingtheroleofthe‘mistakecorrector’,theteachercanoftenobservethatstudentsgetexcited.Thedegreeofexcitement(5)(increase)whentheclassisdividedintotwoteamstocompetewitheachotherinfindingandcorrectingthemistakes.Anotherbenefitisthattheyhavetheopportunitytoidentifythepossiblemistakesthemselvesinsteadoftheteacher(6)(tell)themwhatthemistakesare.Thistechniquecanhelptheteachercheckhisorherstudents’understandingofagrammarpointorcomprehensionofareadingtask.Itcanbeusedtoreinforceandimprovetheirproductionskillssuchaswritingandpronunciation.Theactivityisasimpletechnique(7)itisveryeffective(8)gettingstudents'attentionandparticipation.Itcaneasilybedeveloped(9)(satisfy)teachers’needs.(B)It’slikelythatyour(1)(big)ambitionasaSenior3studentistoenteragooduniversitythistimenextyear.But(2)makesyourdreamuniversity“good”enough?Anexcellentreputationandhighrankingsarecertainlyimportant,accordingtoasurvey(3)(conduct)byShanghaiMunicipalEducationCommissionin50Shanghaihighschoolsthissummer.Amongthe400students,nearly64percentfavoreduniversitieswithtoprankingsandoutstandingacademicperformancerecords.“Comparedwithlower-rankinguniversities,ahouseholdnameonthefirst-levellistusuallymeansmoreadvancedfacilities,betterlecturesandmoreopportunities.Thesewillallhelpmesettledowntoasuccessfuluniversityexperience,”saidQiuchenhao,17ofShanghai’sJianpingHighSchool.However,greatuniversitiesaredefinedbyotherfactorsaswell.Over63percentthinkthat(4)idealuniversityshouldhaveanenvironmentwithresearchfreedom,(5)(allow)theirstudentstoexperiment,succeedandsometimesfail.Andasimilarnumberofstudentsbelievethatagooduniversity(6)producegraduateswhoareparticularlysoughtafterbye