專題四：祈使句

東方教育學(xué)科教師輔導(dǎo)講義講義編號SH12yy0000授課班級:學(xué)員姓名:年級：初二輔導(dǎo)科目：英語課時數(shù)：2學(xué)科教師:學(xué)科組長簽名及日期剩余天數(shù)專題四：祈使句授課時間:備課時間:教學(xué)目標(biāo)教學(xué)目標(biāo)1?理解祈使句的含義，肯定否定各種形式。2?祈使句的其他用法。重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)祈使句的肯定否定形式、反意疑問句。考點(diǎn)及考試要求單選和改寫句子中會涉及到，要求靈活掌握。教學(xué)內(nèi)容一、自我檢測。)1.一Congratulations!Yourspeechisexcellent.一A.Oh,noB.Itdoesn'tmatterC.That'sagoodideaD.ManythanksD.No,thanks.(CD)2.—Howwouldyoulikeyourcoffee?— .A.Black,please B.Verymuch.C.Ittastesgood.)3.Lookatthenationflagsbelow.WhichrepresentsChina?A( )4.WhichanimalcomesfromChina?CDA B( )5.Whichisatrafficsign?A.C.B.DONOTDISTURBD.SOLDOUT( )6.——Hurryup,wemustbethefirsttointerviewthepopstar.——Sure.A.Eastorwest,homeisthebest B.TheearlybirdcatchesthewormC.Manyhandsmakelightwork D.Don'tputallyoureggsinonebasket（ ）7.—Areyougoingtotakepartinthespeechcompetition?— .It'stoogoodachancetomiss.A.NOproblem B.Thanksalot C.Nevermind D.That'sforsure（ ）8.—Tom,becarefulnottodrivetoofast . —Thankyouforyouradvice.A.It'sbettertobesafethansorry B.ToomanycooksspoilthebrothC.Manyhandsmakelightwork D.Everydoghasitsday（ ）9.-Shallwehaveacupofcoffee?- .A.Goodidea B.Thankyou C.That'sOK D.Metoo（ ）10.-Thanksforthedeliciousfood.- .A.No,thanks B.That'srightC.AllrightD.Mypleasure二、語法精講。祈使句的句式特征祈使句常常是表達(dá)說話人對對方的勸告、叮囑、請求或命令等。因此，祈使句中一般沒有主語，但根據(jù)其句意，實(shí)際上是省略了主語you。祈使句句末用感嘆號或句號，朗讀時，常用降調(diào)。在表達(dá)請求或勸告時，在祈使句前或句末可加上please，以使句子的語氣更加緩和或客氣。祈使句一般沒有時態(tài)的變化，也不能與情態(tài)動詞連用。例如：Keepoffthegrass! Puttheboxesinthesmallroom.祈使句的肯定句式祈使句的肯定句式一般分為以下三種類型：?肯定結(jié)構(gòu)：Do型（即:動詞原形（+賓語）+其它成分）。如:Pleasehaveaseathere.有的祈使句在意思明確的情況下，動詞可省略。如:Thisway,please.=Gothisway,please.Be型（即:Be+表語（名詞或形容詞）+其它成分）。如:Beagoodboy!Let型（即:Let+賓語+動詞原形+其它成分）。如:Letmehelpyou.祈使句的否定句式?否定結(jié)構(gòu)：Do型和Be型的否定式都是在句首加don't構(gòu)成。如:Don'tforgetme! Don'tbelateforschool!Let型的否定式有兩種：“Don't+let+賓語+動詞原形+其它成分”和“Let+賓語+not+動詞原形+其它成分”。Don'tletmegowithhertomorrow.=Letmenotgowithhertomorrow.注意：如果以Let's開頭的祈使句，必須在Let's后加not。例如： wheneverwemeether無論什么時候我們碰到她，都不要告訴她真相。如:Don'tlethimgo./Lethimnotgo.別讓他走。有些可用no開頭,用來表示禁止性的祈使句。如:Nosmoking!禁止吸煙!Nofishing!禁止釣魚！三、 祈使句基礎(chǔ)練習(xí)。一、將以下祈使句改為否定式：

Comehereearly. Askhim. Pleasewaitforher. Readthebookcarefully. Situnderthetree,please. Let'sgotheretogether. 二、選擇最佳答案填空：( )1.Ifyouaretired, arest.have B.havingC.tohave( )2. mego.Itisveryimportantforme.A.Dolet B.letdoC.Doinglet( )3.Heisnothonest. believehim.A.Not B.Don'tC.Tonot( )4.Ifyouwanttostay,letmeknow, ?A.willyou B.shallweC.doyou( )5.Nevercomelateagain, ?A.willyou B.won'tC.doyou( )6. upearlytomorrow,oryoucan'tcatchthetrain.A.Getting B.GetC.Toget( )7. inthestreet.It'sdangerous.A.Notplay B.NottoplayC.Don'tplay( )8.Please mesomemoney,willyou?A.lend B.LendingC.tolend( )9.Thefilmisabouttobegin.Please seated.A.be B.areC.is( )10. theboxes.Youmayusethemlater.A.Keep B.KeepingC.Tokeep四、知識拓展。D.hadD.TodoletD.hadD.TodoletD.NottoD.doweD.doesheD.GotD.Don'ttoplayD.belendD.beingD.Kept祈使句的反意疑問句須按其句子結(jié)構(gòu)及講話人的語氣來決定其疑問部分。通常有以下三種形式：1?祈使句為肯定句式，其反意疑問句表示請求時，通常用willyou；表示邀請、勸說時，用won'tyou。例如:Besuretowritetous,willyou?Cometohavedinnerwithusthisevening,won'tyou?2?祈使句為否定句式，其反意疑問句通常只用willyou。例如：Don'tsmokeinthemeetingroom,willyou?3?Let開頭的祈使句構(gòu)成反意疑問句時，除Let's用shallwe外，其它均用willyou。例如：Lettheboygofirst,willyou?Let'stakeawalkaftersupper,shallwe?祈使句的回答祈使句的動作通常是表示將來發(fā)生的動作，所以回答祈使句時，一般用will或won't。在回答具有否定意義的祈使句時，要注意兩點(diǎn)：一是『形式一致』，即Yes與will保持一致；No與won't保持一致。

二是『意思相反』，即Yes是『不』的意思；No是『是』的意思。在回答時，要注意分析上下文語境中所提供的條件。例如：---Don'tgoout,please.It'srainingheavilyoutside. 請不要出去。外面雨下得很大?！猋es,Iwill.Ihavetomeetmybrotherattheairport.不行，我得去機(jī)場接我弟弟。祈使句與陳述句的并列使用祈使句后接陳述句時，須用連接詞連接。如果祈使句與陳述句表示的是一種順承關(guān)系時，要用并列連詞and來連接；如果祈使句與陳述句存在一種否定條件關(guān)系時，要用并列連詞or來連接。例如：LeaveitwithmeandIwillseewhatIcando.把它留給我吧，我想想有沒有辦法。Hurryup, we'llbelate.快點(diǎn)，否則我們要遲到了。祈使句與條件狀語從句的連用祈使句與條件狀語從句連用時，條件狀語從句可置于祈使句前或后。例如：Tellhimtomakeaphonecalltomeifhecomesheretomorrow.五、鞏固訓(xùn)練。I.用括號內(nèi)所給動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。It'sanimportantmeeting. (not,be)late. (not,make)anynoise!Yourmotherissleeping. (not,speak)withyourmouthfulloffoodand (be)polite. (not,talk)and (read)aloud. (not,leave)yourhomeworkfortomorrow,Larry. (look)out!Acariscoming. (give)ustenyearsandjustseewhatourcountrywillbelike. (not,let)thebabycry.Wearmoreclothesoryou (catch)acold.Let's (not,say)anythingaboutit.ANottoworryabout選擇填空ANottoworryaboutAStopBDon'tCCan'tDNo)2.Sindy,tobehereat8o'clockAissureBissurethatCwillbesureDbesure)3.whenyoucrosstheroad.ADocareBCareCDobecarefulDTobecareful)4.himthesecret,willyou?ADon'ttell BNottotellCNottellingDNotelling)5.inbed.It'sbadforyoureyesANottoread BDon'treadCDon'ttoreadDNotread( )1.Herdoctorsaid:“ worksohard"((((( )6. Yourchild.We'lllookafterhim.BDon'tworryaboutCNotworryfor DDon'tworrywith( )7.Theyareverytired.Why havearest?Anotthey Bdonotthey Cdon'tthey Dnotto( )8--Youlookrathertired. stoppingtohavearest?--Allright.AWhynotBHowaboutCWhynottoDwhydon't()9 tellalie.AHardlyBNotCNoDNever()10.Pleaselookoutside.Lookattheblackboard.AnotBdon'tCaren'tDcan't()11.Whydon'tyoujoinusinthegame?AWhatnotBWhynotCWhytoDHowto()12 goforthebookalone,MsZhang.ALet'sBLetmeCLetusDAllow()13John,readthetextforus, ?AdoesheBwillheCdoyouDwillyou()14.Let'sdoitatonce, ?AshallweBwillyouCdoweDdoyou()15.Letusdoitatonce, ?AshallweBwillyouCdoweDdoyou六、趁熱打鐵。祈使句的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式祈使句的強(qiáng)調(diào)形式通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助動詞Do（Do在句中無意義）。例如：Doshutup!快住口！特殊形式的祈使句在英語中，有些祈使句不是以動詞原形來引起一個祈使句，而是以一個名詞短語來充當(dāng)，且后接一個帶有并列連接詞的分句。實(shí)際上，這個充當(dāng)祈使句的名詞短語相當(dāng)于一個條件狀語從句。例如：Morewaterandtheyoungtreescouldn'thavedied.=Ifyouhadgiventhemmorewater,theyoungtreescouldn'thavedied.十.運(yùn)用祈使句的誤區(qū)祈使句往往容易與不定式、分詞或條件狀語從句相混淆。在平時的練習(xí)或測試中，如果稍不留神，就會出錯。因此，要認(rèn)真審題，認(rèn)真分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，并根據(jù)上下文語境，作出正確判斷。例如： yourcompositioncarefully,somespellingmistakescanbeavoided.A.HavingcheckedB.CheckC.IfyoucheckD.Tocheck析：如果空白處選填B（Check）項(xiàng)，則視為祈使句，但后一分句前沒有并列連接詞and連接；如選A或D項(xiàng)（分詞或不定式），句中邏輯主語somespellingmistakes又不能執(zhí)行這個動作，故均不符合句子結(jié)構(gòu)。因此，只有C項(xiàng)（條件狀語從句）符合句子結(jié)構(gòu)及句意。七、中考鏈接。（）【2012貴州安順】1—mgoingtotakemydrivingtesttomorrow.— !

A.GoodluckB.CongratulationsC.Comeon D.Cheers( )【2012.安徽省】2.--I'mgoingtoapartyonThursdaynightatJimmy'shouse.-- !You'llhavetwotestsatschoolonFriday.A.It'snicetosaysoB.That'sexcitingC.EnjoyyourselfD.Youcan'tbeserious()【2012.安徽省】3.---Whatanicemeal!It'sreallykindofyoutoinviteus.--- .I'mgladyoulikeit.A.NotatallB.SoundsgoodC.WelldoneD.Nevermind()【2012.安徽省】4.--MayIspeaktoMr.Smith?-- ,please.I'llseeifheisin.A.LookoutB.HoldonC.KeepupD.Comeon( )【2012.安徽省】5.-IwonderifIcanuseyourdictionaryforawhile.A.HereyouareB.1don'tknowC.NothingmuchD.Idon'tcare()【2012貴州銅仁】6.一Excuseme.Isthereabanknearhere?一No, .ButyoucanfindoneinYangFangRoadD.thereisA.thereisn't B.itisn't C.theyaren'tD.thereis( )2012湖北宜昌】7.—Themathexamiscoming.I'mverynervous.—Just .I'msureyou'lldowellinit.A.makeprogressB.payattention C.takeiteasy D.lookout()【2011湖北恩施】8.一I'msorryforsteppingonyourtoes.— B.You'rewelcomeC.Itdoesn'tmatter()【2012B.You'rewelcomeC.Itdoesn'tmatter()【2012湖北十堰】9.Whichofthefollowingsignsmaymostlybeseenbesidealake?()【2012湖北十堰】10.---Mr.Johnson,I'mafraidIcan'tfinishtheprojectduringthismonth.--- .Howaboutnextmonth?A.Goodforyou B.Itwon'tbothermeC.That'sOK D.Notatall.()【2012?湖北?武漢】11.—Doyouneedmyhelp,Mary?— .A.Yes,pleaseB.I"dlovetoC.NevermindD.Welldone()【2012?湖北?武漢】12.—Helpyourselftosomemoremeat,Linda— .A.I"mfull,thanksB.It"smypleasureC.Itdosen"tmatterD.Verywell,thankyou()[2012湖北咸寧13.—Teddy,don'tdrawonthewall.It'snotagoodbehavior.— A.NevermindB.Yes,I'dlovetoC.Sorry,Iwon'tD.Ofcoursenot()【2012湖北孝感】14.—Ithinksixteen-year-oldsshouldbeallowedtodrive.一 .Theyaren'tseriousenough.A.IagreeB.IdisagreeC.IthinksoD.That'sright()【2012湖北宜昌】15.—Somanypeople!Couldyoustandhere?— Don'tyouseethesign"Lineup,please"?A.Mypleasure B.Noproblem C.Ofcourse D.Sorry,youcan't

八、家庭作業(yè)。—Wouldyoulikesomerice?— .I'dratherhaveapieceofbread.A.Yes,pleaseB.NoproblemC.That'sOKD.No,thanks——Hi,Paul.Longtimenosee. ?—I'vejustboughtanewcar.It'sgreat.A.What'snew B.What'swrong C.Howareyou D.Whataboutyou-Thankyoufortakingmearoundyourschool,Daming.- A.Don'tmentionit.B.Nevermind.C.Ofcoursenot.D.Noproblem.Whichofthefollowingisatrafficsign?D.Thesametoyou!D.YouarefromJapanD.SheisMaria.D.Idon'tthinkso.D.Thesametoyou!D.YouarefromJapanD.SheisMaria.D.Idon'tthinkso.A.No,I'mnotsureB.It'shardtosayC.Yes,IthinksoD.Ihopenot5.一DoyoumyturningontheTV?一 .I'mdoingmyhomework.A.No,ofcoursenotB.Yes,pleaseC.Notatall D.Betternot一IhaveheardTomhadanaccidentwhilehewasridingtoschoolyesterday.一 ?Heisalwayscarefulwhenriding.A.How