動(dòng)詞分類記憶

英語動(dòng)詞分類記憶主要常用不及物的動(dòng)詞。不及物動(dòng)詞后面不能跟賓語。只能用以：”主+謂”結(jié)構(gòu)。agreedisagreequarrelshoutcrylaughobjectsightalkbargainmatterworkstrugglefightgraduatesucceeddielistenlookstareglancehurryachefevercoughappearbelongcaredependlonghappenoccurexplodepauseresultsnowraingocomefallarrivesaildiveflowswimtravelwalkskatejumprisesitstaystepwaitremainsleeprestheadexistlivedance延續(xù)動(dòng)詞與瞬間動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作在瞬間就可以完成，瞬間動(dòng)詞的完成時(shí)態(tài)不能跟表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語連用。1） 用于完成時(shí)的區(qū)別延續(xù)動(dòng)詞表示經(jīng)驗(yàn)、經(jīng)歷；瞬間動(dòng)詞表示行為的結(jié)果，不能與表示段的時(shí)間狀語連用。Hehascompletedthework.他已完成了那項(xiàng)工作。（表結(jié)果）I'veknownhimsincethen. 我從那時(shí)起就認(rèn)識(shí)他了。（表經(jīng)歷）2） 用于till/until從句的差異延續(xù)動(dòng)詞用于肯定句，表示”做......直到...”瞬間動(dòng)詞用于否定句，表示”到…，才......"Hedidn'tcomebackuntilteno'clock.他到10點(diǎn)才回來。Hesleptuntilteno'clock.他一直睡到10點(diǎn)。典型例題Youdon'tneedtodescribeher.Iherseveraltimes.A.hadmetB.havemetC.metD.meet答案B.首先本題后句強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，我知道她的模樣，你不用描述。再次,severaltimes告知為反復(fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，因此用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。---I'msorrytokeepyouwaiting.---Oh,notatall.Ihereonlyafewminutes.A.havebeenB.hadbeenC.wasD.willbe答案A.等待的動(dòng)作由過去開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。主要常用瞬間動(dòng)詞arrive,borrow,buy,close,fall,finish,go,join,kill,hit,leave,lend,die,marry,open,reach,return,start,stop,recognizeseethrow主要及物動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面必須跟賓語,可以用于：”主+謂+賓”；"主+謂+雙賓”主+謂+賓+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu).acceptreceiveearngainlosemisspackfoldloadachieveadmitafforddeclareannouncereviewbroadcastdescribediscussdoubtsupposecorrectmastermentioninferrepeatspellpractiseremindattemptattractinvitebookbitebakefrymilkwaterpourfilllockfastenbrushcombtidymineburydigremoveploughplantgrowcovercutcelebrateliberatebasechangebuildpumpdustcleansweepclosetearcompletefinishcontainincludedamagedestroyruinwiperepairmendfixdelivercarryshipcrossblocktieparkpulllinelistfightstruggledefeatdefendprotecteducatetraintestdecideplandesigninventexaminetestexperiencetrainintroducefollowformperformfoundhitholdin creasereducediscoverstealattackwoundkillmurderstarvekisstreatcuredesertthrowkickdevotetrustloveadmirehonourrespectvaluedesireenjoycomfortcalmpitytrustsupporthatedislikegreetwelcomethankdisturbfoolservesentencepunishmonitorownplatepricepublishprinttypeprepareputplacelayraiseliftreachheatwarmruleobeypraisescoldblamesavewastescoremarksortstorespenduniteconnectlimitwatchtouchpressvisitwaveweartimeusetotalanswerborrowbringbuychargecosthandenvyfetchnamepresentpostofferowequestionshowsupplyprovideastonishdisappointfrighteninterestsatisfyseatshocksurprisetirebearcatchhavekeepmakemeangivepicktakesendconsiderknowhopeimaginefindproverealizerecognizerequestrequiresaytellsensesuggestunderstandwarnstatethinkadviceallowaskcheckdirectemployexpectforbidforceforgiveguidehireexcuseneednoticeletlikepersuadepermitpromisewantwish.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的動(dòng)詞，其意義不變continuebeginstartadvanceattendaimawakeblowbatheinsistinterruptreadwriterollpaintridereportseekrootshopfacefeedhurtgatherendclaptradestudyturnwinsmokewashstoptrysuffersellshinesetsewpaymindjoinfitfloatdropdelightdevelopbelievedivideforgetspeakeatdrownboilbendbreatheburnburstclimbcollectdelaydoubledressflyhideleadlandlearninchlackmeetmeasuresingmixopenorganizemarryracerecorddrinkspreadsmoothslowrecoverriderowimprovecallclearshutsinkfearteachsharehelpcookbreakcomparecrowdremember既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的動(dòng)詞，其意義完全不同。escapepartoperatereachrunrushreturnsearchsettleshootstrikespeedstampplayringhangsmellgetmanageregretdrawbeatlightdrivematchleavemovelaststandfailsucceedshakeknockweighstick主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)意義的常見動(dòng)詞?；窘Y(jié)構(gòu)subj+V+adv。如，Booksofthiskindsellswell。Yourpenwritessmoothly。Yourcompositionreadswell。sellreadwritewearkeepdrawcuttearactlockrentwashbreakcookcleanopenworkout常沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)而容易誤用被動(dòng)式的動(dòng)詞。如，Heavylossesweresufferedbythem。（錯(cuò)）。Theysufferedheavylosses。（對(duì)）havefitlacksuitholdcostsufferlastbecomestandbelongtodependonhappentakeplacebreakoutturnout.英語中一些常用進(jìn)行時(shí)或現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來的動(dòng)詞。如，Themeetingbeginsat1 :30intheafternoon。I'vewonaholidayfortwotoFlorida。Iamtakingmymum。comegoleavestartdrivemovebegintakefallarrivereturnsetofflandfly.英語中一些常用過去完成時(shí)或過去時(shí)表示未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，打算或意圖。如，Theyhadwantedtohelpbutcouldn'taffordanytime。---Whyhaven'tyouboughtanybutter?——ImeanttobutIforgotaboutit.hopeexpectmeanintendsupposewantthink形式上主句否定餓而實(shí)際上否定轉(zhuǎn)移的動(dòng)詞，這類動(dòng)詞之后可接so或not代替從句。如，Idon'tthinktheyhavemadetheirminds，have'ntthey?Isyourbrothergoingwithyou?Ithinknot,或Idon'tthinkso.thinkbelieveexpectimaginesupposefancy注意：hopeguessfearfancy不能否定轉(zhuǎn)移，只能說Iguessnot而不能說Idon'tguessso。常見的只跟帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語的及物動(dòng)詞或短語。wantwishhopeexpectwouldlike/lovecarechooselearndesirelongplanpreparemeandesignagreepromiseofferrefuseaskbegdemandintenddecidedeterminemakeupone?smindtendbothertroublemanagetryattemptaffordpretendaimtryone'sbesthavenochoicebut注意：動(dòng)詞+疑問詞+todecide,know,considerforget,learn,remember,show,understand,see,wonder,hear,findout,explain,telldiscoverdiscussaskPleaseshowushowtodothat.Therearesomanykindsoftape-recordersonsalethatIcan'tmakeupmymindwhichtobuy.

XI.常見的跟帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞或短語。即，動(dòng)詞+賓語+(todo)commandcompelconsiderdeclaredrive enableencouragefindforbidforceguesshireimagineinduceinforminstructinvitejudgeknowlikeorderpermitpersuaderemindreportrequestrequire selectsendstatesupposetellthinktraintrustunderstandurgewarn例句：a.Fatherwillnotallowustoplayonthestreet.b.Webelievehimtobeguilty.注意:promiseknowhopedemand常見的不跟帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式作賓補(bǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞let,have,makesee,watch,lookat,notice,observe,hear,listento,smell,feel,findXII.動(dòng)詞及短語后加doing作賓語V.+doingsthadmitappreciateavoid completeconsider delay denyendureenjoyescapepreventfancyfinish imagine mindmisspostponekeeppractiserecallresistrisksuggestfaceincludestandunderstand forgiveexcusedefend involveavoid pardonadmittoprefer.-tobeusedtoleadtodevoteoneselftoobjecttosticktobebusylookforwardtoto為介詞)nogood, nouse,beworth.giveupcan'thelp,It'snouse/goodbetiredoffeellike/uponsetaboutgoodat舉例(2)注意：1besuccessfulin/uponsetaboutgoodat舉例(2)注意：1besuccessfulintakeupburstoutprevent...ftom...(1)Wouldyoumindturningdownyourradioalittle,please?Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissedbeingcaught.動(dòng)詞ing形式與不定式語義不同的有12組：stoptodoforgettodoremembertodoregrettodobeusedtodotrytodogoontodoafraidtodointerestedtodomeantodobegin/starttodostopdoingforgetdoingrememberdoingregretdoingbeusedtodoingtrydoinggoondoingafraiddoinginteresteddoingmeandoingbegin/startdoingcan?thelptodocan'thelpdoingX.表示”據(jù)說”或”相信”的詞組believe,consider,declare,expect,