醫(yī)學(xué)英語論文摘要寫作模板

Abstractwriting

ByShaojiaqing國際醫(yī)學(xué)雜志編輯委員會

ICMJE生物醫(yī)學(xué)雜志投稿統(tǒng)一要求UniformRequirementsforManuscriptsSubmittedtoBiomedicalJournals(URMSBJ)醫(yī)學(xué)科研論文的格式

醫(yī)學(xué)科研論文必須具備以下幾個部分：（1）標(biāo)題（title）（2）摘要（abstract）（3）引言（introduction）（4）材料和方法（materialsandmethods）（5）結(jié)果（results）（6）討論（discussion）（7）致謝（acknowledgement）（8）參考文獻(xiàn)（references）一、標(biāo)題

（一）要求1．簡明扼要（shortandconcise）（1）盡量控制在一行，但不是一個句子（2）不超過25個單詞或120-140個字母（3）除DNA、RNA、CT等不用縮寫2．信息豐富(informative)3．便于索引（indexing）4．較長標(biāo)題可采用副標(biāo)題

標(biāo)題通常為名詞短語一般不包含謂語動詞疑問句時，可以使用謂語動詞。（二）標(biāo)題寫作中注意點

（二）標(biāo)題寫作中常用詞組和表達(dá)方式

1．用…（方法／手段）對…進(jìn)行研究／分析／觀察／評價：Study(analysis/observation/evaluation/assessment)of(on)…(by)using方法/with工具）Invivostudyofpituitaryenlargementinnormalpregnancyusingmagneticresonanceimaging2．A對B的作用EffectofAonBProtectiveeffectofomeprazoleonendothelin-inducedgastricmucosalinjury3．A與B的關(guān)系Correlation(relation/relationship)betweenAandBCorrelationofAwithBandCPositivecorrelationofCD44v6expressionwithinvasionandmetastasisofgastriccancer（二）標(biāo)題寫作中常用詞組和表達(dá)方式

4．用…治療…Useof…inthetreatmentof…(病）in…（生物）Useofomeprazoleinthetreatmentofgastriculcer5．A是BAasBC-reactiveproteinasapredictorofmyocardialinfarctioninICUpatients.title寫作舉例Retinalarteriolarchangeisanindicatorofcoronaryarterydisease.Retinalarteriolarchangeasanindicatorofcoronaryarterydisease.title寫作舉例PreliminaryexperienceinusinghighdoseofmethotrexatetotreatALL.Highdosemethotrexatetherapyinacutelymphocyticleukemiatitle寫作舉例AstudyoftherelationshipbetweenthecontentofpotassiumindietandbloodpressureDietpotassiumandbloodpressuretitle寫作舉例Aretrospectivestudyon170consecutivecasesofabdominalpainintheemergencyroomAbdominalpainintheemergencyroom:Retrospectivestudyon170consecutivecasestitle寫作舉例UseMRItoconductaninvivostudyontheenlargementofthepituitaryglandduringnormalpregnancyPituitaryglandenlargementduringnormalpregnancy:Aninvivostudyusingmagneticresonanceimagingtitle寫作舉例Apreliminarystudyondoses,durationandsideeffectsofVitamineDinpreventionofcoloncancerVitamineDandpreventionofcoloncancer:Doses,durationandsideeffectstitle寫作舉例AcasereportofSLEappearingpancreatitisandreviewofliteraturesPancreatitisinsystemiclupuserythematosus(SLE):Acasereportandreviewoftheliteraturetitle寫作舉例Ischronicabdominalpainasurgicalsymptomorapsychiatricsymptom?Chronicabdominalpain:Asurgicalorpsychiatricsymptom?Leptin:Anindependentriskfactorofinsulinresistance?Reduced

plasmatissuetypeplasminogenactivatorinacutecoronarysyndromepatientswithvulnerableplaque伴有不穩(wěn)定性斑塊的急性冠脈綜合征患者血漿組織型纖維蛋白溶酶原激活劑下降Reduced

plasmatissuetypeplasminogenactivatorasa

predictorofvulnerableplaqueinpatientswithacutecoronarysyndrome血漿組織型纖維蛋白溶酶原激活劑下降是急性冠脈綜合征患者不穩(wěn)定性斑塊的預(yù)測指標(biāo)修改后：Relationshipbetweentissuetypeplasminogenactivatorandcoronary

vulnerableplaqueinpatientswithacutecoronarysyndrome原題目：Studieson…Investigationon…Preliminaryobservationon…Thesignificanceof…Acasereportof…不要使用無意義的詞×××××Experimentstudyon

theeffectofSheng-Maiinjectiononthecontractivityofdiaphragmanditsmechanism

×EffectofSheng-MaiinjectiononthecontractivityofdiaphragminratsStudyonthe

detectionhostcellularimmunityafterinoculationofhumancytomegalovirusDNAvaccinebyflowcytometryHostcellularimmunityafterinoculationofhumancytomegalovirusDNAvaccineanalyzedbyflowcytometryinmice×VII.英文題目修改后：原題目：修改后：原題目：Abstract目的（objective/purpose/aim）方法（materialsandmethods）結(jié)果（results）結(jié)論（conclusion）論文摘要的作用：“Thefunctionoftheabstractofascientificpaperistoprovideanoverviewofthepapersothatthereadersknowthemainstoryandafewessentialdetailsofyourworkwithoutreadingthewholetextofthepaper.Theabstractshouldmakesensebothwhenreadaloneandwhenreadwiththepaper.”–URMSBJ摘要寫作中的注意事項冠詞。主要是定冠詞the易被漏用。the用于表示整個群體、分類、時間、地名以外的獨一無二的事物、形容詞最高級等較易掌握，用于特指時常被漏用。這里有個原則，即當(dāng)我們用the時，聽者或讀者已經(jīng)確知我們所指的是什么。例如：Themachineisoperatedwith(the)solarenergy.摘要寫作中的注意事項1）特指雙方都明白的人或物：Takethemedicine.把藥吃了。2）上文提到過的人或事：Heboughtahouse.I’vebeentothehouse.他買了幢房子。我去過那幢房子。3）指世上獨一物二的事物：thesun，thesky，themoon，theearth4）單數(shù)名詞連用表示一類事物:如：thedollar美元;thefox狐貍；或與形容詞或分詞連用，表示一類人：therich富人;theliving生者。摘要寫作中的注意事項5）用在序數(shù)詞和形容詞最高級，及形容詞only，very，same等前面：Wheredoyoulive?Iliveonthesecondfloor.你住在哪？我住在二層。That’stheverythingI’vebeenlookingfor.那正是我要找的東西。6）與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用，指整個群體：Theyaretheteachersofthisschool.指全體教師)Theyareteachersofthisschool.(指部分教師)7）表示所有，相當(dāng)于物主代詞，用在表身體部位的名詞前：Shecaughtmebythearm..她抓住了我的手臂。8）用在某些由普通名詞構(gòu)成的國家名稱、機關(guān)團體、階級、等專有名詞前：thePeople’sRepublicofChina中華人民共和國theUnitedStates美國摘要寫作中的注意事項

9）用在表示樂器的名詞之前：Sheplaysthepiano.她會彈鋼琴。10)用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞之前，表示一家人：theGreens格林一家人(或格林夫婦)11)用在慣用語中：intheday,inthemorning(afternoon，evening),thedayaftertomorrowthedaybeforeyesterday,thenextmorning,inthesky(water，field，country)inthedark,intherain,inthedistance,inthemiddle(of),intheend,onthewhole,bytheway,gotothetheatre摘要寫作中的注意事項目錄、標(biāo)題中通常省略冠詞圖、表的題目中有時可省略冠詞化學(xué)藥品、化學(xué)物質(zhì)前通常不加冠詞圖的橫、縱坐標(biāo)軸的名稱前一般不加冠詞

數(shù)詞。避免用阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字作首詞，如：Threehundred…arecollected…中的Threehundred不要寫成300.

單復(fù)數(shù)。一些名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式不易辨認(rèn)，從而造成謂語形式出錯。摘要寫作中的注意事項datumdatabacteriumbacteriamediummediacriterioncriteriamitochondrionmitochondrianucleusnucleianalysisanalysesdiagnosisdiagnoses摘要寫作中的注意事項摘要中時態(tài)的應(yīng)用：1）目的：背景介紹：一般現(xiàn)在時或現(xiàn)在完成時；目的說明：一般現(xiàn)在時，現(xiàn)在完成時，或一般過去時。2）材料、方法和結(jié)果：一律用一般過去時。過去完成時只用于說明研究前的情況或研究中某一點時間之前發(fā)生的情況,例“Attheendofpregnancy,thehypophysishadincreased2.6mminvertical…”。3）結(jié)論：凡陳述研究的材料、方法和結(jié)果時，一律用過去時；分析結(jié)果或發(fā)現(xiàn)的原因時，或者提出結(jié)論性意見時，如果作者認(rèn)為具有普遍意義，可用現(xiàn)在時；如果作者認(rèn)為自己的分析或結(jié)論只限于本研究范圍或者僅是一種可能性，則用一般過去時。一、目的

objective/aim/purpose/goal(s)一、目的構(gòu)成（1）目的（2）背景＋目的二、目的常用時態(tài)（1）背景：一般現(xiàn)在時、現(xiàn)在完成時（2）目的：一般現(xiàn)在時，現(xiàn)在完成時，或一般過去時舉例：（1）Toevaluatetheeffectson24-hourintragastricpHlevelsofinfusionswithomeprazoleandH2receptorantagonistsinbleedingduodenalulcerpatients.（2）TheroleofomeprazoleintripletherapyandtheimpactofHelicobacterpyloriresistanceontreatmentoutcomearenotestablished.ThisstudyinvestigatedtheroleofomeprazoleandinfluenceofprimaryH.pyloriresistanceoneradicationanddevelopmentofsecondaryresistance.目的中描述背景常用句型表否定remainunclear

Theimpactof…on…isnotclearlyunderstood.Theroleof…in…isunclear…,butthedetailsareunclearItisunclear/unknownwhether..Thereis/hasbeenlittleinformationregarding/about/concerning…目的中描述背景常用句型表爭議remaincontroversialequivocaldebatable

Themanagementof…iscontroversialTherearecontroversiesover/

havebeen

conflictingresultson目的中描述背景常用句型表肯定Studieshaveshownthat…demonstrateddocumentedIthasbeensuggestedthat…isbelievedhypothesizedpostulatedassumed目的中描述背景常用句型表可能…maycontributedto…beassociatedwith…berelatedto…目的中介紹目的常用句型A一般過去時、被動語態(tài)①Thepurposeofthisstudywasto…aiminvestigationgoalobjective②Thisstudywasdesignedto…undertakento…performedto…conductedto…carriedoutto…intendedto…舉例Theaimofthisstudywastodeterminetheprotectivefunctionofomeprazoleongastricmucosalinjury3Thepresentstudywasdesignedtoestablishwhethertheremightbeageneticpredispositiontoanalteredpatternofanti-inflammatorycytokineproducedinpatientswithirritablebowelsyndromeOurobjectiveinthisreportistoexaminetheclinicalfeature,pathologyandtreatmentforpatientswithpancreaticcancerAnexperimentalstudywasconductedusingacaninemodetoelucidate…目的中介紹目的常用句型B動詞不定式短語Toevaluate…theuseofinvestigatetheeffectonstudyhow….examineobserveexploreanalyzedetermine目的中介紹目的常用句型B動詞不定式短語Todemonstrate…testproveexplainelucidateestablishdevelopsearchforsetout舉例Toevaluatesonographyasatoolforinitialdiagnosisinemergencyroompatientswithabdominaltrauma.Todetermineifuseofomeprazoleprotectsagainstthegastricmucosalinjury目的中介紹目的常用句型C一般過去時、主動語態(tài)We（theauthors）conductedastudytoaimedtoattemptedtoTodetermine…，westudied…Inanattemptto…，wecarriedoutastudy…inorderto…，seek---sought探求、尋求舉例：Wesoughttoassesswhetherthereisanincreasedriskoftuberculosisamongindividualswhoworkincertainindustriesoccupations.方法

(MaterialsandMethods)描述方法常用句型方法部分（1）研究設(shè)計：Prospective,Retrospective,Cohort，Case-control，

invivo,invitro（2）研究對象的特性（3）干預(yù)或處理方法（4）測定或觀察方法描述方法常用句型一、研究對象的選擇、來源及標(biāo)準(zhǔn)1．納入研究：wererecruited/enrolledin/selected(randomly)/included/assignedtoPatientsparticipatedin/underwent…舉例：Atotalof169patientswereincludedinthestudy,83ofwhomreceived……2．排除或退出研究：wereexcludedfromparticipation，withdrewfromthestudydueto/becauseto舉例：……Patientswithsignificantaorticvalvulardiseaseswereexcluded..描述方法常用句型二、研究對象的分組1．……weredividedinto/classifiedinto2．……werestratified/classifiedinto3．……weredividedrandomly4．……wererandomizedinto5．……weredividedequallyinto

舉例：Patientsweredividedintothreegroups:Group1……Patients(n=539)withahistoryofduodenalulcerandapositiveH.pyloriscreeningtestresultwererandomizedinto4groups.OACgroupreceived20mgomeprazole,……描述方法常用句型三、年齡1．某一年齡a50-year-oldpatientapatientaged50yearsapatientat50yearsofageapatientattheageof50years

×apatientattheageof50yearsold×描述方法常用句型2．在某年齡范圍內(nèi)及平均年齡舉例：Patientsrangeinagefrom…to…,withameanof(50years)aged40to50yearspatients(age26±3years)描述方法常用句型3．在某一年齡以上或以下Over/after/morethanUnder/below/lessthan舉例：Patientsmorethan50years.Patientsunder/lessthan50years.描述方法常用句型四、性別、時間1．性別twelvepatients(7menand5women)twelvepatients(7maleand5female)Themale-to-femaleratiowas1:4SDratsofbothsex/eithersex描述方法常用句型2．時間Bodyweightwasmeasuredweekly,andliverbiopsywasobtainedat4,8and12weeks.