論語文言文中英文對照版

《論語》中英文對照版《論語》中英文對照版——上部論語CONFUCIANANALECTS學(xué)而第一不亦君子乎？”TheMastersaid:"Isitnotpleasanttolearnwithaconstantperseveranceandapplication?"Isitnotdelightfultohavefriendscomingfromdistantquarters?"Ishenotamanofcompletevirtue,whofeelsnodiscomposurethoughmenmaytakenonoteofhim?"Thephilosopher

said,"Theyare

who,beingfilialandfraternal,arefondofoffendingagainsttheirsuperiors.Therehavebeennone,who,notlikingto

againsttheirsuperiors,havebeen

ofstirringupconfusion."Thesuperiormanbendshisattentiontowhatisradical.Thatbeingestablished,allpracticalcoursesnaturallygrowup.Filialpietyandfraternalsubmission,-aretheynottherootofallbenevolentactions?"TheMastersaid,"Finewordsandaninsinuatingappearanceareseldomassociatedwithtruevirtue."乎？”ThephilosopherTsangsaid,"Idailyexaminemyselfonthreepoints:-whether,intransactingbusinessforothers,Imayhavebeennotfaithful;-whether,inintercoursewithfriends,Imayhavebeennotsincere;-whetherImayhavenotmasteredandpracticedtheinstructionsofmyteacher."TheMastersaid,"Toruleacountryofathousandchariots,theremustbereverentattentiontobusiness,andsincerity;economyinexpenditure,andloveformen;andtheemploymentofthepeopleattheproperseasons."TheMastersaid,"Ayouth,whenathome,shouldbefilial,and,abroad,respectfultohiselders.Heshouldbeearnestandtruthful.Heshouldoverflowinlovetoall,andcultivatethefriendshipofthegood.Whenhehastimeandopportunity,aftertheperformanceofthesethings,heshouldemploytheminpolitestudies."said,"Ifamanwithdrawshismindfromtheloveof

andappliesitassincerelytotheloveofthevirtuous;

inservinghisparents,hecan

hisutmoststrength;

inservinghisprince,hecandevotehislife;

inhisintercoursewithhisfriends,hiswordsaresincere:-althoughmensaythathehasnotlearned,Iwillcertainlysaythathehas.TheMastersaid,"Ifthescholarbenotgrave,hewillnotcallforthanyveneration,andhislearningwillnotbesolid."Holdfaithfulnessandsincerityasfirstprinciples."Havenofriendsnotequaltoyourself."Whenyouhavefaults,donotfeartoabandonthem."ThephilosopherTsangsaid,"Lettherebeacarefulattentiontoperformthefuneralritestoparents,andletthembefollowedwhenlonggonewiththeceremoniesofsacrifice;-thenthevirtueofthepeoplewillresumeitsproperexcellence."Tsze-ch'inaskedTsze-kungsaying,"Whenourmastercomestoanycountry,hedoesnotfailtolearnallaboutitsgovernment.Doesheaskhisinformation?orisitgiventohim?"Tsze-kungsaid,"Ourmasterisbenign,upright,courteous,temperate,andcomplaisantandthushegetshisinformation.Themaster'smodeofaskinginformation,-isitnotdifferentfromthatofothermen?"TheMastersaid,"Whileaman'sfatherisalive,lookatthebentofhiswill;whenhisfatherisdead,lookathisconduct.Ifforthreeyearshedoesnotalterfromthewayofhisfather,hemaybecalledfilial."ThephilosopherYusaid,"Inpracticingtherulesofpropriety,anaturaleaseistobeprized.Inthewaysprescribedbytheancientkings,thisistheexcellentquality,andinthingssmallandgreatwefollowthem."Yetitisnottobeobservedinallcases.Ifone,knowinghowsucheaseshouldbeprized,manifestsit,withoutregulatingitbytherulesofpropriety,thislikewiseisnottobedone."Thephilosopher

said,"Whenagreementsaremadeaccordingtowhatisright,whatisspokencanbemadegood.Whenrespectisshownaccordingtowhatis

one

farfromshameanddisgrace.Whenthepartiesuponwhomaman

leans

are

properpersonstobeintimatewith,hecanmakethemhisguidesand

masters."TheMastersaid,"Hewhoaimstobeamanofcompletevirtueinhisfooddoesnotseektogratifyhisappetite,norinhisdwellingplacedoesheseektheappliancesofease;heisearnestinwhatheisdoing,andcarefulinhisspeech;hefrequentsthecompanyofmenofprinciplethathemayberectified:-suchapersonmaybesaidindeedtolovetolearn."said,"Whatdoyoupronounceconcerningthepoormanwhoyet

doesnot

andtherichmanwhoisnotproud?"TheMasterreplied,"Theywilldo;buttheyarenotequaltohim,

though

isyetcheerful,andtohim,who,thoughrich,lovestherulesof

replied,"ItissaidintheBookof

'Asyoucutandthenfile,asyoucarveandthenpolish.'-Themeaningisthesame,Iapprehend,asthatwhichyouhavejustexpressed."TheMastersaid,"Withonelike

Icanbegintotalkabouttheodes.Itoldhimonepoint,andheknew

itspropersequence."TheMastersaid,"Iwillnotbeafflictedatmen'snotknowingme;IwillbeafflictedthatIdonotknowmen."為政第二TheMastersaid,"Hewhoexercisesgovernmentbymeansofhisvirtuemaybecomparedtothenorthpolar

which

itsplaceandallthe

turntowardsit."TheMastersaid,"IntheBookofPoetryarethreehundredpieces,butthedesignofthemallmaybeembracedinonesentence'Havingnodepravedthoughts.'"TheMastersaid,"Ifthepeoplebeledbylaws,anduniformitysoughttobegiventhembypunishments,theywilltrytoavoidthepunishment,buthavenosense

ofshame."Iftheybeledbyvirtue,anduniformitysoughttobegiventhembytherulesofpropriety,theywillhavethesenseofshame,andmoreoverwillbecomegood."TheMastersaid,

fifteen,Ihad

mindbentonlearning.

Istoodfirm.

Ihadnodoubts.

IknewthedecreesofHeaven.

earwasanobedientorganforthereceptionoftruth.

Icouldfollowwhat

heartdesired,withouttransgressingwhatwasright."MangIaskedwhatfilialpietywas.TheMastersaid,"Itisnotbeingdisobedient."Soon

asFanCh'ihwasdrivinghim,theMastertoldhim,saying,"Mang-sunaskedmewhatfilialpietywas,andIansweredhim,-'notbeingdisobedient.'"FanCh'ihsaid,"Whatdidyoumean?"TheMasterreplied,"Thatparents,whenalive,beservedaccordingtopropriety;that,whendead,theyshouldbeburiedaccordingtopropriety;andthattheyshouldbesacrificedtoaccording

MangWuaskedwhatfilialpietywas.TheMastersaid,"Parentsareanxiouslesttheirchildrenshouldbesick."Tsze-yuaskedwhatfilialpietywas.TheMastersaid,"Thefilialpietynowadaysmeansthesupportofone'sparents.Butdogsandhorseslikewiseareabletodosomethinginthewayofsupport;-withoutreverence,whatistheretodistinguishtheonesupportgivenfromtheother?"乎？”Tsze-hsiaaskedwhatfilialpietywas.TheMastersaid,"Thedifficultyiswiththecountenance.If,whentheireldershaveanytroublesomeaffairs,theyoungtakethetoilofthem,andif,whentheyounghavewineandfood,theysetthembeforetheirelders,isTHIStobeconsideredfilialpiety?"TheMastersaid,"IhavetalkedwithHuiforawholeday,andhehasnotmadeanyobjectiontoanythingIsaid;-asifhewerestupid.Hehasretired,andIhaveexaminedhisconductwhenawayfromme,andfoundhimabletoillustratemyteachings.Hui!-Heisnotstupid."TheMastersaid,"Seewhatamandoes."Markhismotives."Examineinwhatthingsherests."Howcanamanconcealhischaracter?Howcanamanconcealhischaracter?"TheMastersaid,"Ifamankeepscherishinghisoldknowledge,soascontinuallytobeacquiringnew,hemaybeateacherofothers."TheMastersaid,"Theaccomplishedscholarisnotautensil."Tsze-kungaskedwhatconstitutedthesuperiorman.TheMastersaid,"Heactsbeforehespeaks,andafterwardsspeaksaccordingtohisactions."TheMastersaid,"Thesuperiormaniscatholicandnotpartisan.Themeanmanispartisanandnotcatholic."TheMastersaid,"Learningwithoutthoughtislaborlost;thoughtwithoutlearningisperilous."TheMastersaid,"Thestudyofstrangedoctrinesisinjuriousindeed!"TheMastersaid,"Yu,shallIteachyouwhatknowledgeis?Whenyouknowathing,toholdthatyouknowit;andwhenyoudonotknowathing,toallowthatyoudonotknowit;-thisisknowledge."Tsze-changwaslearningwithaviewtoofficialemolument.TheMastersaid,"Hearmuchandputasidethepointsofwhichyoustandindoubt,whileyouspeakcautiouslyatthesametimeoftheothers:-thenyouwill

occasionsforblame.Seemuchandputasidethethingswhichseemperilous,whileyouarecautiousatthesametimeincarryingtheothersintopractice:thenyouwillhave

occasionsforrepentance.Whenonegives

occasionsforblameinhiswords,and

occasionsforrepentanceinhisconduct,heisinthe

togetemolument."TheDukeAiasked,saying,"Whatshouldbedoneinordertosecurethesubmissionofthepeople?"Confuciusreplied,"Advancetheuprightandsetasidethecrooked,thenthepeoplewillsubmit.Advancethecrookedandsetasidetheupright,thenthepeoplewillnotsubmit."ChiK'angaskedhowtocausethepeopletoreverencetheirruler,tobefaithfultohim,andtogoontonervethemselvestovirtue.TheMastersaid,"Lethimpresideoverthemwithgravity;-thentheywillreverencehim.Lethimbefinalandkindtoall;-thentheywillbefaithfultohim.Lethimadvancethegoodandteachtheincompetent;-thentheywilleagerlyseektobevirtuous."SomeoneaddressedConfucius,saying,"Sir,whyareyounotengagedinthegovernment?"TheMastersaid,"WhatdoestheShu-chingsayoffilialpiety?-'Youarefinal,youdischargeyourbrotherlyduties.Thesequalitiesaredisplayedingovernment.'Thisthenalsoconstitutestheexerciseofgovernment.WhymusttherebeTHAT-makingonebeinthegovernment?"（車兒其何以行之哉？”TheMastersaid,"Idonotknowhowamanwithouttruthfulnessistogeton.Howcanalargecarriagebemadetogowithoutthecrossbarforyokingtheoxento,orasmallcarriagewithoutthearrangementforyokingthehorses?"askedwhethertheaffairsoftenagesaftercouldbeknown.Confuciussaid,"TheYindynastyfollowedtheregulationsoftheHsia:whereinittookfromoraddedtothemmaybeknown.TheChaudynastyhasfollowedtheregulationsofYin:whereinittookfromoraddedtothemmaybeknown.Some

othermayfollowtheChau,butthoughitshouldbeatthedistanceofahundredages,itsaffairsmaybeknown."TheMastersaid,"Foramantosacrificetoaspiritwhichdoesnotbelongtohimis

seewhatisrightandnottodoitiswantofcourage."八佾第三ConfuciussaidoftheheadoftheChifamily,whohadeightrowsofpantomimesinhisarea,"Ifhecanbeartodothis,whatmayhenotbeartodo?"ThethreefamiliesusedtheYungode,whilethevesselswerebeingremoved,attheconclusionofthesacrifice.TheMastersaid,"'Assistingaretheprinces;-thesonofheavenlooksprofoundandgrave';-whatapplicationcanthesewordshaveinthehallofthethreefamilies?"TheMastersaid,"Ifamanbewithoutthevirtuespropertohumanity,whathashetodowiththeritesofpropriety?Ifamanbewithoutthevirtuespropertohumanity,whathashetodowithmusic?"LinFangaskedwhatwasthefirstthingtobeattendedtoinceremonies.TheMastersaid,"Agreatquestionindeed!"Infestiveceremonies,itisbettertobesparingthanextravagant.Intheceremoniesofmourning,itisbetterthattherebedeepsorrowthaninminuteattentiontoobservances."TheMastersaid,"Therudetribesoftheeastandnorthhavetheirprinces,andarenotliketheStatesofourgreatlandwhicharewithoutthem."呼！曾謂泰山不如林放乎？”ThechiefoftheChifamilywasabouttosacrificetotheT'aimountain.TheMastersaidtoZanYu,"Canyounotsavehimfromthis?"Heanswered,"Icannot."Confuciussaid,"Alas!willyousaythattheT'aimountainisnotsodiscerningasLinFang?"TheMastersaid,"Thestudentofvirtuehasnocontentions.Ifitbesaidhecannotavoidthem,shallthisbeinarchery?Buthebowscomplaisantlytohiscompetitors;thusheascendsthehall,descends,andexactstheforfeitofdrinking.Inhiscontention,heisstilltheChun-tsze."Tsze-hsiaasked,saying,"Whatisthemeaningofthepassage-'Theprettydimplesofherartfulsmile!Thewell-definedblackandwhiteofhereye!Theplain

groundforthecolors?'"TheMastersaid,"Thebusinessoflayingonthecolorsfollowsthepreparationoftheplainground.""Ceremoniesthenareasubsequentthing?"TheMastersaid,"ItisShangwhocanbringoutmymeaning.NowIcanbegintotalkabouttheodeswithhim."TheMastersaid,"IcoulddescribetheceremoniesoftheHsiadynasty,butChicannotsufficientlyattestmywords.IcoulddescribetheceremoniesoftheYindynasty,butSungcannotsufficientlyattestmywords.Theycannotdosobecauseoftheinsufficiencyoftheirrecordsandwisemen.Ifthoseweresufficient,Icouldadducetheminsupportofmywords."（衣帝）TheMastersaid,"Atthegreatsacrifice,afterthepouringoutofthelibation,Ihavenowishtolookon."（衣帝）Someoneaskedthemeaningofthegreatsacrifice.TheMastersaid,"Idonotknow.Hewhoknewitsmeaningwouldfinditaseasytogovernthekingdomastolookonthis"-pointingtohispalm.Hesacrificedtothedead,asiftheywerepresent.Hesacrificedtothespirits,asifthespiritswerepresent.TheMastersaid,"Iconsidermynotbeingpresentatthesacrifice,asifIdidnotsacrifice."Wang-sunChiaasked,saying,"Whatisthemeaningofthesaying,'Itisbettertopaycourttothefurnacethentothesouthwestcorner?'"TheMastersaid,"Notso.HewhooffendsagainstHeavenhasnonetowhomhecanpray."TheMastersaid,"Chauhadtheadvantageofviewingthetwopastdynasties.Howcompleteandelegantareitsregulations!IfollowChau."TheMaster,whenheenteredthegrandtemple,askedabouteverything.Someonesaid,"WhosaythatthesonofthemanofTsauknowstherulesofpropriety!Hehasenteredthegrandtempleandasksabouteverything."TheMasterheardthe

remark,andsaid,"Thisisaruleofpropriety."TheMastersaid,"Inarcheryitisnotgoingthroughtheleatherwhichistheprincipalthing;-becausepeople'sstrengthisnotequal.Thiswastheoldway."Tsze-kungwishedtodoawaywiththeofferingofasheepconnectedwiththeinaugurationofthefirstdayofeachmonth.TheMastersaid,"Ts'ze,youlovethesheep;Ilovetheceremony."TheMastersaid,"Thefullobservanceoftherulesofproprietyinservingone'sprinceisaccountedbypeopletobeflattery."TheDukeTingaskedhowaprinceshouldemployhisministers,andhowministersshouldservetheirprince.Confuciusreplied,"Aprinceshouldemployhisministeraccordingtoaccordingtotherulesofpropriety;ministersshouldservetheirprincewithfaithfulness."TheMastersaid,"TheKwanTsuisexpressiveofenjoymentwithoutbeinglicentious,andofgriefwithoutbeinghurtfullyexcessive."TheDukeAiaskedTsaiWoaboutthealtarsofthespiritsoftheland.TsaiWoreplied,"TheHsiasovereignplantedthepinetreeaboutthem;themenoftheYinplantedthecypress;andthemenoftheChauplantedthechestnuttree,meaningtherebytocausethepeopletobeinawe."WhentheMasterheardit,hesaid,"Thingsthataredone,itisneedlesstospeakabout;thingsthathavehadtheircourse,itisneedlesstoremonstrateabout;thingsthatarepast,itisneedlesstoblame."TheMastersaid,"SmallindeedwasthecapacityofKwanChung!"Someonesaid,"WasKwanChungparsimonious?""Kwan,"wasthereply,"hadtheSanKwei,andhisofficersperformednodoubleduties;howcanhebeconsideredparsimonious?""Then,didKwanChungknowtherulesofpropriety?"TheMastersaid,"TheprincesofStateshaveascreeninterceptingtheviewattheirgates.Kwanhadlikewiseascreenathisgate.TheprincesofStatesonanyfriendlymeetingbetweentwoofthem,hadastandonwhichtoplacetheirinvertedcups.Kwanhadalsosuch

astand.IfKwanknewtherulesofpropriety,whodoesnotknowthem?"TheMasterinstructingthegrandmusicmasterofLusaid,"Howtoplaymusicmaybeknown.Atthecommencementofthepiece,allthepartsshouldsoundtogether.Asitproceeds,theyshouldbeinharmonywhileseverallydistinctandflowingwithoutbreak,andthusontotheconclusion."TheborderwardenatYirequestedtobeintroducedtotheMaster,saying,"Whenmenofsuperiorvirtuehavecometothis,Ihaveneverbeendeniedtheprivilegeofseeingthem."Thefollowersofthesageintroducedhim,andwhenhecameoutfromtheinterview,hesaid,"Myfriends,whyareyoudistressedbyyourmaster'slossofoffice?Thekingdomhaslongbeenwithouttheprinciplesoftruthandright;Heavenisgoingtouseyourmasterasabellwithitswoodentongue."TheMastersaidoftheShaothatitwasperfectlybeautifulandalsoperfectlygood.HesaidoftheWuthatitwasperfectlybeautifulbutnotperfectlygood.TheMastersaid,"Highstationfilledwithoutindulgentgenerosity;ceremoniesperformedwithoutreverence;mourningconductedwithoutsorrow;-wherewithshouldIcontemplatesuchways?"里仁第四TheMastersaid,"Itisvirtuousmannerswhichconstitutetheexcellenceofaneighborhood.Ifamaninselectingaresidencedonotfixononewheresuchprevail,howcanhebewise?"TheMastersaid,"Thosewhoarewithoutvirtuecannotabidelongeitherinaconditionofpovertyandhardship,orinaconditionofenjoyment.Thevirtuousrestinvirtue;thewisedesirevirtue."TheMastersaid,"Itisonlythetrulyvirtuousman,whocanlove,orwhocanhate,others."TheMastersaid,"Ifthewillbesetonvirtue,therewillbenopracticeofwickedness."TheMastersaid,"Richesandhonorsarewhatmendesire.Iftheycannotbeobtainedintheproperway,theyshouldnotbeheld.Povertyandmeannessarewhatmendislike.Iftheycannotbeavoidedintheproperway,theyshouldnotbeavoided."Ifasuperiormanabandonvirtue,howcanhefulfilltherequirementsofthatname?"Thesuperiormandoesnot,evenforthespaceofasinglemeal,actcontrarytovirtue.Inmomentsofhaste,hecleavestoit.Inseasonsofdanger,hecleavestoit."TheMastersaid,"Ihavenotseenapersonwholovedvirtue,oronewhohatedwhatwasnotvirtuous.Hewholovedvirtue,wouldesteemnothingaboveit.Hewhohatedwhatisnotvirtuous,wouldpracticevirtueinsuchawaythathewouldnotallowanythingthatisnotvirtuoustoapproachhisperson."Isanyoneableforonedaytoapplyhisstrengthtovirtue?Ihavenotseenthecaseinwhichhisstrengthwouldbeinsufficient."Shouldtherepossiblybeanysuchcase,Ihavenotseenit."TheMastersaid,"Thefaultsofmenarecharacteristicoftheclasstowhichtheybelong.Byobservingaman'sfaults,itmaybeknownthatheisvirtuous."TheMastersaid,"Ifamaninthemorningheartherightway,hemaydieintheeveninghearregret."TheMastersaid,"Ascholar,whosemindissetontruth,andwhoisashamedofbadclothesandbadfood,isnotfittobediscoursedwith."TheMastersaid,"Thesuperiorman,intheworld,doesnotsethismindeitherforanything,oragainstanything;whatisrighthewillfollow."TheMastersaid,"Thesuperiormanthinksofvirtue;thesmallmanthinksofcomfort.Thesuperiormanthinksofthesanctionsoflaw;thesmallmanthinksoffavorswhichhemayreceive."TheMastersaid:"Hewhoactswithaconstantviewtohisownadvantagewillbemuchmurmuredagainst."TheMastersaid,"Ifaprinceisabletogovernhiskingdomwiththecomplaisancepropertotherulesofpropriety,whatdifficultywillhehave?Ifhecannotgovernitwiththatcomplaisance,whathashetodowiththerulesofpropriety?"TheMastersaid,"Amanshouldsay,IamnotconcernedthatIhavenoplace,IamconcernedhowImayfitmyselfforone.IamnotconcernedthatIamnotknown,Iseektobeworthytobeknown."TheMastersaid,"Shan,mydoctrineisthatofanall-pervadingunity."ThediscipleTsangreplied,"Yes."TheMasterwentout,andtheotherdisciplesasked,saying,"Whatdohiswordsmean?"Tsangsaid,"Thedoctrineofourmasteristobetruetotheprinciples-ofournatureandthebenevolentexerciseofthemtoothers,-thisandnothingmore."TheMastersaid,"Themindofthesuperiormanisconversantwithrighteousness;themindofthemeanmanisconversantwithgain."TheMastersaid,"Whenweseemenofworth,weshouldthinkofequalingthem;whenweseemenofacontrarycharacter,weshouldturninwardsandexamineourselves."TheMastersaid,"Inservinghisparents,asonmayremonstratewiththem,butgently;whenheseesthattheydonotinclinetofollowhisadvice,heshowsanincreaseddegreeofreverence,butdoesnotabandonhispurpose;andshouldtheypunishhim,hedoesnotallowhimselftomurmur."TheMastersaid,"Whilehisparentsarealive,thesonmaynotgoabroadtoadistance.Ifhedoesgoabroad,hemusthaveafixedplacetowhichhegoes."TheMastersaid,"Ifthesonforthreeyearsdoesnotalterfromthewayofhis

father,hemaybecalledfilial."TheMastersaid,"Theyearsofparentsmaybynomeansnotbekeptinthememory,asanoccasionatonceforjoyandforfear."TheMastersaid,"Thereasonwhytheancientsdidnotreadilygiveutterancetotheirwords,wasthattheyfearedlesttheiractionsshouldnotcomeuptothem."TheMastersaid,"Thecautiousseldomerr."TheMastersaid,"Thesuperiormanwishestobeslowinhisspeechandearnestinhisconduct."TheMastersaid,"Virtueisnotlefttostandalone.Hewhopracticesitwillhaveneighbors."Tsze-yusaid,"Inservingaprince,frequentremonstrancesleadtodisgrace.Betweenfriends,frequentreproofsmakethefriendshipdistant."公冶長第五（ｘｉｅ４）之。TheMastersaidofKung-yeCh'angthathemightbewived;althoughhewasputinbonds,hehadnotbeenguiltyofanycrime.Accordingly,hegavehimhisowndaughtertowife.OfNanYunghesaidthatifthecountrywerewellgovernedhewouldnotbeoutofoffice,andifitwereingoverned,hewouldescapepunishmentanddisgrace.Hegavehimthedaughterofhisownelderbrothertowife.TheMastersaidofTsze-chien,"Ofsuperiorvirtueindeedissuchaman!IftherewerenotvirtuousmeninLu,howcouldthismanhaveacquiredthischaracter?"Tsze-kungasked,"Whatdoyousayofme,Ts'ze!"TheMastersaid,"Youareautensil.""Whatutensil?""Agemmedsacrificialutensil."焉用佞？”Someonesaid,"Yungistrulyvirtuous,butheisnotreadywithhistongue."TheMastersaid,"Whatisthegoodofbeingreadywiththetongue?Theywhoencountermenwithsmartnessofspeechforthemostpartprocurethemselveshatred.Iknownotwhetherhebetrulyvirtuous,butwhyshouldheshowreadinessofthetongue?"TheMasterwaswishingCh'i-tiaoK'aitoenteranofficialemployment.Hereplied,"Iamnotyetabletorestintheassuranceofthis."TheMasterwaspleased.TheMastersaid,"Mydoctrinesmakenoway.Iwillgetuponaraft,andfloataboutonthesea.HethatwillaccompanymewillbeYu,Idaresay."Tsze-luhearingthiswasglad,uponwhichtheMastersaid,"YuisfonderofdaringthanIam.Hedoesnotexercisehisjudgmentuponmatters."MangWuaskedaboutTsze-lu,whetherhewasperfectlyvirtuous.TheMastersaid,"Idonotknow."Heaskedagain,whentheMasterreplied,"Inakingdomofathousandchariots,Yumightbeemployedtomanagethemilitarylevies,butIdonotknowwhetherhebeperfectlyvirtuous.""AndwhatdoyousayofCh'iu?"TheMasterreplied,"Inacityofathousandfamilies,oraclanofahundredchariots,Ch'iumightbeemployedasgovernor,butIdonotknowwhetherheisperfectlyvirtuous.""WhatdoyousayofCh'ih?"TheMasterreplied,"Withhissashgirtandstandinginacourt,Ch'ihmightbeemployedtoconversewiththevisitorsandguests,butIdonotknowwhetherheisperfectlyvirtuous."TheMastersaidtoTsze-kung,"Whichdoyouconsidersuperior,yourselforHui?"Tsze-kungreplied,"HowdareIcomparemyselfwithHui?Huihearsonepointandknowsallaboutasubject;Ihearonepoint,andknowasecond."TheMastersaid,"Youarenotequaltohim.Igrantyou,youarenotequaltohim."（木虧TsaiYubeingasleepduringthedaytime,theMastersaid,"Rottenwoodcannotbecarved;awallofdirtyearthwillnotreceivethetrowel.ThisYu,-whatistheuseofmyreprovinghim?"TheMastersaid,"Atfirst,mywaywithmenwastoheartheirwords,andgivethemcreditfortheirconduct.Nowmywayistoheartheirwords,andlookattheirconduct.ItisfromYuthatIhavelearnedtomakethischange."TheMastersaid,"Ihavenotseenafirmandunbendingman."Someonereplied,"ThereisShanCh'ang.""Ch'ang,"saidtheMaster,"isundertheinfluenceofhispassions;howcanhebepronouncedfirmandunbending?"Tsze-kungsaid,"WhatIdonotwishmentodotome,Ialsowishnottodotomen."TheMastersaid,"Ts'ze,youhavenotattainedtothat."Tsze-kungsaid,"TheMaster'spersonaldisplaysofhisprinciplesandordinarydescriptionsofthemmaybeheard.Hisdiscoursesaboutman'snature,andthewayofHeaven,cannotbeheard."『⒌１４』子路有聞，未之能行，唯恐有聞。WhenTsze-luheardanything,ifhehadnotyetsucceededincarryingitintopractice,hewasonlyafraidlestheshouldhearsomethingelse.Tsze-kungasked,saying,"OnwhatgrounddidKung-wangetthattitleofWan?"TheMastersaid,"Hewasofanactivenatureandyetfondoflearning,andhewasnotashamedtoaskandlearnofhisinferiors!-OnthesegroundshehasbeenstyledWan."TheMastersaidofTsze-ch'anthathehadfourofthecharacteristicsofasuperiorman-inhisconductofhimself,hewashumble;inservinghissuperior,hewasrespectful;innourishingthepeople,hewaskind;inorderingthepeople,hewasjust."TheMastersaid,"YenP'ingknewwellhowtomaintainfriendlyintercourse.The

acquaintancemightbelong,butheshowedthesamerespectasatfirst."（木兌TheMastersaid,"TsangWankeptalargetortoiseinahouse,onthecapitalsofthepillarsofwhichhehadhillsmade,andwithrepresentationsofduckweedonthesmallpillarsabovethebeamssupportingtherafters.-Ofwhatsortwashiswisdom?"唬骸叭室雍?？”曰：“未?/p>

Tsze-changasked,saying,"TheministerTsze-wanthricetookoffice,andmanifestednojoyinhiscountenance.Thriceheretiredfromoffice,andmanifestednodispleasure.Hemadeitapointtoinformthenewministerofthewayinwhichhehadconductedthegovernment;whatdoyousayofhim?"TheMasterreplied."Hewasloyal.""Washeperfectlyvirtuous?""Idonotknow.Howcanhebepronouncedperfectlyvirtuous?"Tsze-changproceeded,"WhentheofficerCh'uikilledtheprinceofCh'i,Ch'anWan,thoughhewastheowneroffortyhorses,abandonedthemandleftthecountry.Comingtoanotherstate,hesaid,'Theyareherelikeourgreatofficer,Ch'ui,'an