河南省名校聯(lián)盟2020-2021學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試題

姓名:考生號(hào):河南名校聯(lián)盟2020—2021學(xué)年高二(下)期末考試英語(yǔ)考生注意:1.本試卷共8頁(yè)。時(shí)間100分鐘,滿分120分。答題前,考生先將自己的姓名、考生號(hào)填寫(xiě)在試卷指定位置,并將姓名、考場(chǎng)號(hào),座位號(hào),考生號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上,然后認(rèn)真核對(duì)條形碼上的信息,并將條形碼君貼在答題卡上的指定位置。2.作答選擇題時(shí),選出每小題答案后,用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng),用橡皮擦干凈后,再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。作答非選擇題時(shí),將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)的答題區(qū)域內(nèi)。寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后,將試卷和答題卡一并收回。第I卷(選擇題,共70分)第一部分閱讀理解(共兩節(jié),滿分40分)第一節(jié)(共15小題;每小題2分,滿分30分)閱讀下列短文,從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中,選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ABritain'sbrilliantbridgeshaveaidedtradeandbroughtmunitiestogetherandarealwaysthemostexcitingpartofthejourney.Thesemustseebridgesarenowtouristattractionsintheirownright.CliftonSuspensionBridge,BristolDescribedbyitslegendaryengineerIsambardKingdomBrunelas“myfirstlove,mydarling”,inwasoriginallydesignedforhorsedrawntraffic.Now,morethanfourmillionvehiclesayearcrossthe1,352ftJongtoll(收費(fèi))bridgeovertheAvonGorge.The￡ltollforeveryjourneypaysforitsrepair.Thehistoryofthebridge,datingbackto1864,iskeptalivethroughaprogrammeoftours,eventsandexhibitions.InfinityBridge,StocktApedestrianandcyclefootbridgeacrosstheRiverTees,itsworkingtitlewastheNorthShoreFootbridge,beforeitwasgivenitsgrandernamewhenopenedin2009.Itisparticularlyspectacular(壯觀)atnight.Thearchesofthebridgearealsolitwhiteand,oncalmnights,theirreflectioninthewaterappearsasaninfinitysymbol,therebyinspiringthenamewhichwaschosenbythepublic.TowerBridge,LondonAnengineeringwonderbuiltfromthousandsoftonsofCornishgranite,Portlandstoneandsteel,ittookconstructionworkerseightyearstoplete.Morethan120yearsold,it'sapopulartouristattraction,aswellasafunctionalbridge.VisitorscantakeintheviewsoverthecapitalandexperienceseeingLondonlifethroughtheGlassFloor.IronBridge,ShropshireOpenedin1781,thisisthefirstarchbridgeintheworldtobemadeoutofcastiron.Recognisedasoneofthegreatsymbolsoftheindustrialrevolution,ittransformedthecratofbridgebuildingandwasacrucialfactorinthedevelopmentoftheirontradeinShropshire.1.Whichbridgehasthelongesthistory?A.CliftonSuspensionBridge. B.C.TowerBridge. D.2.WhatcanweknowaboutInfinityA.Peoplecanjustwalkonit. B.Thepublicgiveittwonames.C.It'swellworthvisitingatnight. D.Itsarchisthebiggestontheearth.3.WhatdoCliftonSuspensionBridgeandTowerBridgehaveinA.Theyarebothover120yearsold. B.Visitorsshouldpayforpassingthem.C.Theyhavethesameoriginaldesign. D.VisitorscanhaveagoodviewofLondononthem.BAfterbeatingbonecancer,HayleyArceneauxthinksrocketingintoorbitonSpaceX'sfirstprivateflightshouldbenoproblematall.St.JudeChildren'sResearchHospitalannouncedthe29Arceneaux—aformerpatientatSt.Jude—willbeetheyoungestAmericaninspace,beatingNASArecordholderSallyRidebyovertwoyears.ShewilltravelwithbusinessmanJaredIsaacman,whoisusingthespaceflightheboughttoraisemoneyforcharity.Whenshewas10,ArceneauxhadanoperationatSt.Judetoreplaceherkneeandapieceofmetalwasputinherleftleg.Shestilllimpsandhasoccasionallegpain.“Mybattlewithcancerreallypreparedmeforspacetravel,”sherecentlytoldTheAssociatedPress.“Itmademetough,andthenalsoIthinkitreallytaughtmetoexpecttheunexpectedandgoalongfortheride.”Arceneauxwantstoshowheryoungpatientsandothercancersurvivorsthat“theskyisnoteventhelimitanymore.”“It'sgoingtomeansomuchtothesekidstoseeasurvivorinspace,”shesaid.IsaacmanannouncedhisspaceflightonFebruary1,promisingtoraise$200millionforSt.Jude.Hewillprovidehalfoftheamounthimself.Astheflight'sselfappointedmander,heofferedoneofthefourseatsaboardSpaceX'sDragonspacecrafttoSt.Jude.ThehospitalchoseArceneauxfromamongitsmanyworkerswhohadoncebeenpatients.Theideawasthatoneofthemcouldrepresentthenewgeneration,notedRickShadyac,presidentofSt.Jude'sfinancingorganization.Alifelongspacefanwholovesadventures,Arceneauxhastraveledwidelyandlovesrollercoasters.Isaacman,whofliesfighterairplanesforfun,considersheraperfectfit.ThelaunchisplannedforthisfallatNASA'sKennedySpaceCenter4.HowoldwasSallyRideprobablywhenshewasfirstinspace?A.12. B.27. C.29. D.32.5.WhatdoweknowaboutArceneaux?A.Shehadacaraccident. B.Shewasasurvivorinspace.C.SheisaworkeratSt.Jude. D.Shewantstoraisemoney.6.WhydidIsaacmanplanthespaceflight?A.Toflyjustforfun. B.ToraisemoneyforSt.Jude.C.Topurchaseaspaceship D.Toinspiremorespacefans.7.WhywasArceneauxchosenforthespacetravel?A.Sheisaheroinbeatingcancer. B.Shehasexperiencedthespaceflight.C.Sheisadventurousandaspacefan. D.Shecanstandforthenewgeneration.CPoaching(偷獵)andhabitatlosshavethreatenedAfrica'stwospeciesofelephants,takingthemclosertowardtheedgeofextinction,accordingtoanewreportreleasedbytheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN).Beforethisupdate,Africa'selephantsweregroupedtogetherandwereevaluatedasvulnerable(脆弱的)bytheIUCN.Thisisthefirsttimethetwospecieshavebeenclassifiedseparately.Inthepast,elephantsweremostlyconsideredaseitherAsianelephantsorAfricanelephants.ForestandsavannaelephantsweretypicallyclassifiedassubspeciesofAfricanelephants.TheAfricanforestelephantisnowlistedascriticallyendangeredandtheAfricansavannaelephantasendangered.ThenumberofAfricanforestelephantsfellbymorethan86%overa31yearassessmentperiod.ThepopulationofAfricansavannaelephantsdroppedbyatleast60%overthelast50years,accordingtotheIUCN,whichtrackstheassessmentriskoftheworld'sanimals.Africacurrentlyhasanestimated415,000elephants,countingthetwospeciestogether.Bothelephantspeciesexperiencedsignificantpopulationdecreasesbecauseofpoaching.Althoughitpeakedin2011,illegalhuntingstillhappensandcontinuestothreatenelephantpopulations.Africanelephantsalsofacecontinuedhabitatlossastheirlandisconvertedforagricultureorotheruses.Thereissomegoodconservationnews,theIUCNpointsout.Antipoachingmeasures,binedwithbetterlanduseplanningtosupportbetterhumanwildliferelationships,havehelpedconservationefforts.SomeforestelephantpopulationfigureshavestabilizedinwellmanagedareasinGabonandtheRepublicofCongoandsavannapopulationfigureshaveremainedstableorhavebeengrowing,particularlyintheKavangoZambeziTransfrontierConservationAreainsouthernAfrica.ButwithpersistentdemandforivoryandincreasinghumanpressuresonAfrica'swildlands,concernforAfrica'selephantsishigh,andtheneedtocreativelyconserveandwiselymanagetheseanimalsandtheirhabitatsissevererthanever.8.WhichofthefollowingcandescribeAfricanforestelephants?A.Theirsituationisevenworse. B.Theyaredividedintotwokinds.C.They'reunderthreatduetopoachingonly. D.TheirpopulationhasgrowninGabon.9.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“converted”inParagraph4probablymean?A.Expanded. B.Accumulated. C.Transformed. D.Classified.10.What'stheauthor'sattitudetothepresentsituationofAfricanelephants?A.Uninterested. B.Optimistic. C.Uncertain. D.Worried.11.What'sthemainideaofthetext?A.Poachingandhabitatlosswillmakeelephantsextinct.B.BothofAfrica'selephantspeciesarenowendangered.C.MoreandmoreAfricanelephantsarebeingillegallyhunted.D.MoremeasuresshouldbetakentoprotectAfricanelephants.DAChinesespaceminingpanyhasdesignedarobotthatcancapturewastematerialleftbehindbyspacecraftinouterspacewithabignet.ThestaterunXinhuanewsagencyrecentlyreportedthattherobotlaunchedonthegovernment'sLongMarch6rocketalongwithseveralsatellites.Therobotwillalsoinvestigatedeepspacetoobservesmallobjectsintheuniverse.The30kilogramrobot,calledNEO01,wasdevelopedbyOriginSpace.Foundedin2019andbasedinthesouthernChinesetechhubShenzhen,OriginSpacehasbeendedicatedtoexploringandusingspaceresources,accordingtothepany.Thepanysaystherobotwillleadthewayforfuturetechnologiescapableofminingonasteroids(小行星).Theworld'sfirstasteroidminingpany,PlanetaryResources,wasestablishedin2009.Sincethen,morethan12businessesaroundtheworldhaveenteredtheindustry,including3DSystemsoftheUnitedStatesandJapan'sAstroscale.Astroscale'stechnologyusesmagnets(磁鐵)togatherupspacewaste.ButareportontheOriginSpacewebsitesaysNEO01willuseanettocapturewasteandthenburnit.Thousandsofsatelliteshavebeenlaunchedworldwide.Astheyareusedfortoolong,manyendupaswasteandputotheroperatingsatellitesatrisk.SuMengisthefounderofOriginSpace.Hesaidthepanyplanstolaunchmanyspacetelescopesandmorespacecrafttobeginthefirstforprofitminingofasteroidsby2045.SuaddedthatNEO01willserveasaprototype(雛形)offuturespaceminingrobots,whichcanuserichmineralresourcesonasteroidstosupportthedevelopmentofthespaceindustry.TheXinhuanewsagencyreportedthatChinawasincreasingeffortstolandaspacecraftonanearEarthasteroidtocollectmaterials.ChinaisalsospeedingupaplantobuildadefensesystemagainstnearEarthasteroids.ThecountryaimstofollowRussiaandtheUnitedStatesinbeingamajorspacepowerby2030.12.WhatcanweknowaboutNEO01?A.Itweighs60kilograms.B.ItwascreatedbyPlanetaryResources.C.Itwillbeburntafteracplishingitsmission.D.Itismainlyusedtocatchspacewaste.13.WhydoesChinatrytolandaspacecraftonanearEarthasteroid?A.Tocollectmaterials.B.Tobuildadefensesystem.C.TocatchupwithRussiaandAmerica.D.Tosupportthedevelopmentofthespaceindustry.14.Itcanbelearnedfromthetextthat.A.Chinawillbethemostpowerfulinspaceby2030B.OriginSpacewillopenmoreminesonasteroidsC.itisthoseuselesssatellitesthatmakespacewasteD.therobotwilllookintodeepspaceformorewaste15.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.NEO01,asmartrobotusedinspaceB.AChineserobotcancatchspacewasteC.AnewrobotmakesChinaaspacepowerD.NEO01,thepioneeroffuturespacerobots第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。YoumayhaverecentlyheardofNFTtechnology,whichpermitsdigitalworksofarttobecollectedandsoldformillionsofdollars.Butwhywouldpeoplepaysomuchmoneyforsomethingtheycannoteventouch?AndwhatisdrivingthecurrentriseinNFTs?16WhatisanNFT?NFTstandsfornonfungibletoken(非同質(zhì)化代幣).17Itisbasedonatechnologycalledblockchain(區(qū)塊鏈),whichisalsousedwithdigitalcurrencysystemsknownascryptocurrency.WhatkindsofthingsareNFTs?18Theyareusuallyboughtwithelectronicmoney.TheformofdigitalcurrencymainlyusedwithNFTsiscalledether.NFTshavebeenusedtosellsportsvideos,piecesoflandinworldsthatonlyexistonputersandeventhefirstevertweetbyTwitter'sfounder.WhatdocriticssayaboutNFTs?Criticsnotethattraditionalart,likeapainting,canbeplacedonawallandlookedat.19Theypointoutthateventhoughanartistcan“own”adigitalpiece,otherscaneasilysaveacopyofthesameworkasafileontheirputer.WhataresomepricesforNFTs?InFebruary,a10secondvideoshowinganimageofformerU.S.PresidentDonaldTrumpsoldonanNFTmarketplaceforover$6million.ThefirsteverpublishedtweetfromTwitterfounderJackDorseyrecentlysoldfornearly$3million.20ItistooearlytosayifNFTsaregoodinvestments.Butsofar,manypeoplehaveitemsthatareworthmorethanwhattheypaidforthem.Thisisnoguarantee,however,thatsuchbuyerswillbeabletoselltheirdigitalobjectsforaprofit.A.Butdigitalartisdifferent.B.WhydopeoplelikeNFTs?C.AreNFTsgoodinvestments?D.Itissomethingthatonlyexistsinthedigitalworld.E.NFTscanexistintheformofimages,video,musicandtext.F.Herearesomebasicstohelpyouunderstandthetechnology.G.AnNFTcanbeattachedtootherthingsexistinginthedigitalform.第二部分英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分45分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共20小題；每小題分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。WhenIwasaboygrowingupIcannotonceeverremembereithermymomormygrandmotherwastingfood.Anythingwedidn'teatatonemealwas21,stored,andservedasleftoverslateron.Ican22mygrandmothermakingahugepotofbrownbeanswithalargecakeofcornbread.Wewouldalleatuntilwewere23buttherewasalwaysabouthalfofthebeans24.AfewdayslaterGrandmotherwouldtakethose25outoftherefrigerator,boilpasta,addparsleyand26themalltogetherintoherdeliciousPastaFasule(意大利面食).AndIalsorememberwhenI27mymomfrybaconforusinthemorningsshewouldalwaystakethebutterand28pouritintoacontainer.Thenshelaterwould29ittoflavorup(調(diào)味)somanyotherdishes.Ilearnedtheir30wellandafterIgrewupItriedtonever31foodmyself.Ialways32theweek'smealsaheadoftimeandonlyboughtwhatwasonmyshopping33sonothingwenttowaste.Every34wentintoourstomachsandanyleftoverswerelatereatenbyeithermyself,myboys,ormydogs.Tomethrowingfoodinthetrashwasjust35.Alltheworkittooktogrowit,harvestit,andprepareitneededtobe36andnotwasted.I37somethingelseovertheyears,however:Whenitesto38therearenoleftovers.Eachmomentthatyoudon'tliveis39forever.Lifecannotbesaved.Lifecannotbe40.Lifehastobelived,TODAY!21.A.thrown B.abandoned C.saved D.poured22.A.remember B.witness C.imagine D.assist23.A.unfortable B.full C.unbearable D.content24.A.pickedout B.leftover C.madeuseof D.fedupwith25.A.cakes B.pots C.dishes D.beans26.A.roll B.dip C.mix D.fry27.A.watched B.felt C.heard D.helped28.A.frequently B.carefully C.curiously D.abruptly29.A.swallow B.remove C.digest D.use30.A.recipes B.experiments C.lessons D.procedures31.A.make B.purchase C.reserve D.waste32.A.planned B.cooked C.distributed D.collected33.A.bill B.list C.bag D.spot34.A.vegetable B.soup C.material D.meal35.A.wrong B.mon C.awesome D.endless36.A.confirmed B.ignored C.recycled D.honored37.A.regretted B.admitted C.learned D.expected38.A.living B.thinking C.shopping D.ending39.A.broken B.lost C.hidden D.occupied40.A.replaced B.transformed C.stored D.defeated第II卷（非選擇題，共50分）第二節(jié)（共10小題；每小題分，滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)脑~（1個(gè)單詞）或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的適當(dāng)形式。Exercisemightseemlikeachoresometimes,41(especial)whenwegettoldsooftenthatweshouldexercisemore.Butweneedtogetupandstartmoving.Manyofusspendtoomuchtime42(sit)andstaringatscreens.Mostteengirlsdon'tmeetthestandardsforphysicalactivity.Getting43(scold)aboutthis,though,doesn'treallyhelp.Andthat'stoobad,becauseexercisecanbebothfunandgoodforthebodyandthebrain.Exerciseis44healthyway,whichisnotonlygoodforyourmuscles,butalsogoodforyourbones.Gettingexercise45(help)teensbuildtoughskeletons.Andteenswhoexercisemoreoftengrowupintoadultswithmuch46(strong)bones.Exercisecanincreasehowmuchoxygenandbloodgetstothebrain,andevenhowthebrainisstructured.Working47canproducechemicalsinourbodiesthatmighthelppreventdepression.Andaworkoutafterlearningsomethingcanhelpusformandpreserveagreatnumberof48(memory).Somaybeit'snosurprise49somanyscientistsstudyexercise.Therearesomescientists,forinstance,whostudywhatmakeswinningrunnerssofast.Othersstudyastronautsinspace50(find)outhowtokeephumanshealthybothonandoffplanetEarth.第三部分寫(xiě)作（共兩節(jié)；滿分35分）第一節(jié)短文改錯(cuò)（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫(xiě)的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤，每句中最多有兩處。錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(∧)，并在其下面寫(xiě)出該加的詞。刪除：把多余的詞用(\)劃掉。修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下畫(huà)一橫線，并在該詞下面寫(xiě)出修改后的詞。注意：1.每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞;2.只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。YesterdaymydaughterwasworkingatMcDonald'swhilealovelyoldcouplebroughttheirgrandchildreninforameal.Sheservedthematonceandwhentheyfinishedagrandfatherwalkedbackandaskedhowmanytwoicecreamswere.Shetoldhimtwoicecreamswillbe$1.40.Hesighedbutsaid,“That'sOK.Idon'thaveenough.”Thelittlekids'facefell.My17yearolddaughtersaid,“That'sOK.I'llpayforit.”Theoldmancamebackafterthekidshadfinishedandthankedherpoliteandtoldheritmadehishearttoburst.Itwasonly$1.40butI'msoproudmydaughter.第二節(jié)書(shū)面表達(dá)（滿分25分）假定你是李華，你的美國(guó)筆友Jonah發(fā)來(lái)郵件詢問(wèn)你最喜歡的一本書(shū)籍，現(xiàn)請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下要點(diǎn)給他回信。要點(diǎn)如下：1.書(shū)籍簡(jiǎn)介；2.對(duì)你的影響(舉例)。注意：1.詞數(shù)100左右；2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。河南名校聯(lián)盟2020—2021學(xué)年高二(下)期末考試英語(yǔ)答案第一部分閱讀理解第一節(jié)A【文章大意】本文是應(yīng)用文。英國(guó)有很多美麗的橋，它們促進(jìn)貿(mào)易，聯(lián)通城市，方便交通，都是值得去旅游的好景點(diǎn)。本文介紹了其中四座橋。1.【答案】D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章對(duì)四座橋的歷史介紹可知，IronBridge的歷史追溯到1781年，是四座橋里面最古老的。2.【答案】C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的Itisparticularlyspectacularatnight可知，InfinityBridge在夜晚顯得特別壯觀，因此，晚上參觀它更讓人感覺(jué)震撼。3.【答案】A【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章對(duì)這兩座橋敘述中的Thehistoryofthebridge,datingbackto1864...以及Morethan120yearsold,it'sapopulartouristattraction...可知，這兩座橋都有超過(guò)120年的歷史了。B【文章大意】本文是記敘文。HayleyArceneaux是一位抗癌成功女性，現(xiàn)在她有望成為美國(guó)進(jìn)入太空最年輕的紀(jì)錄持有者。這次太空之旅是由富商JaredIsaacman贊助及組織的，旨在為慈善機(jī)構(gòu)籌集資金。4.【答案】D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章首段中的最后一句及第二段中的第一句可知，HayleyArceneaux現(xiàn)在29歲，而她將比目前的紀(jì)錄保持者SallyRide早兩年多，因此SallyRide當(dāng)時(shí)上太空時(shí)最可能是32歲。5.【答案】C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章首段中的最后一句、第五段中的Arceneauxwantstoshowheryoungpatients及第六段中的ThehospitalchoseArceneauxfromamongitsmanyworkers可知，Arceneaux是St.Jude兒童研究醫(yī)院的一名助理醫(yī)生，故選C項(xiàng)。6.【答案】B【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段中的最后一句及第六段中的IsaacmanannouncedhisspaceflightFebruary1,promisingtoraise$200millionforSt.Jude可知，Isaacman是想通過(guò)這次太空之旅為St.Jude醫(yī)院籌集資金。7.【答案】D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段中的Theideawasthatoneofthemcouldrepresentthenewgeneration可知,，Arceneaux被醫(yī)院選中是考慮到她能代表新一代人。C【文章大意】本文是說(shuō)明文。因?yàn)橥但C和棲息地的喪失，非洲兩個(gè)物種的大象已經(jīng)遭受嚴(yán)重威脅，處于滅絕的邊緣。本文報(bào)道這個(gè)事實(shí)以喚醒人類的注意。8.【答案】A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的TheAfricanforestelephantisnowlistedascriticallyendangeredandtheAfricansavannaelephantasendangered可知，相比于瀕危的稀樹(shù)草原象，非洲森林大象被列為極度瀕危物種，因此它們的情況更為糟糕。9.【答案】C【解析】詞義推測(cè)題。本句意為“因?yàn)樗鼈兊臈⒌乇桓脑鞛楦鼗蚱渌猛?，因而非洲大象面臨持續(xù)的棲息地的喪失”。故選C項(xiàng)。10.【答案】D【解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中的concernforAfrica'selephantsishigh,andtheneedtocreativelyconserveandwiselymanagetheseanimalsandtheirhabitatsissevererthanever可知，作者認(rèn)為人們對(duì)非洲大象的處境表示擔(dān)憂，作者對(duì)它們的現(xiàn)狀也感到擔(dān)憂。11.【答案】B【解析】主旨大意題。文章首段便介紹新聞報(bào)道的內(nèi)容:因?yàn)橥但C和棲息地的喪失，非洲兩個(gè)物種的大象已經(jīng)遭受嚴(yán)重威脅，處于滅絕的邊緣。因此B項(xiàng)為本文的中心大意；A項(xiàng)是說(shuō)偷獵和棲息地的喪失會(huì)使大象滅絕，范圍太大了，應(yīng)該是非洲大象；CD兩項(xiàng)是本文中的某方面內(nèi)容或?qū)懽饕鈭D，不是本文主旨。D【文章大意】本文是說(shuō)明文。一家中國(guó)太空采礦公司設(shè)計(jì)了一種機(jī)器人，它可以通過(guò)一張大網(wǎng)捕獲航天器在外太空留下的廢棄物質(zhì)。該機(jī)器人連同幾顆衛(wèi)星一起搭載中國(guó)政府的長(zhǎng)征6號(hào)火箭發(fā)射升空。12.【答案】D【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章首段內(nèi)容和第三段中的ButareportontheOriginSpacewebsitesaysNEO01willuseanettocapturewaste可知，NEO01這款機(jī)器人主要是用來(lái)捕獲太空垃圾的。13.【答案】A【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的ChinawasincreasingeffortstolandaspacecraftonanearEarthasteroidtocollectmaterials可知，中國(guó)正在加大努力讓航天器登陸近地小行星以收集材料。14.【答案】C【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段中的Thousandsofsatelliteshavebeenlaunchedworldwide.Astheyareusedfortoolong，manyendupaswaste可知，全球已經(jīng)發(fā)射了成千上萬(wàn)顆衛(wèi)星。隨著它們的壽命超出使用期限，大多數(shù)最終會(huì)成為太空垃圾。故選C項(xiàng)。15.【答案】B【解析】標(biāo)題歸納題。本文主要是報(bào)道了一家中國(guó)太空采礦公司設(shè)計(jì)了一種機(jī)器人，它可以通過(guò)一張大網(wǎng)捕獲航天器在外太空留下的廢棄物質(zhì)。因此B項(xiàng)為最佳標(biāo)題。第二節(jié)【文章大意】本文是說(shuō)明文。NFT，全稱為NonFungibleToken，指非同質(zhì)化代幣,是用于表示數(shù)字資產(chǎn)的唯一加密貨幣令牌。NFT可以買賣，就像有形資產(chǎn)一樣。本文介紹了幾個(gè)關(guān)于NFT技術(shù)方面的幾個(gè)基本情況。16.【答案】F【解析】根據(jù)上下文語(yǔ)境可知，此處為過(guò)渡句，承接上一句的問(wèn)題，引出下文的介紹。17.【答案】D【解析】根據(jù)前一句NFTstandsfornonfungibletoken和后一句Itisbasedonatechnologycalledblockchain可知，此處主語(yǔ)NFT和It以及D項(xiàng)中的It是一致的。18.【答案】E【解析】根據(jù)本段標(biāo)題可知，本段介紹NFT的具體所指；再根據(jù)后一句的主語(yǔ)They可知，They就是指代E項(xiàng)中的NFTs。19.【答案】A【解析】本空處是和上一句對(duì)比的，上一句敘述的是傳統(tǒng)的藝術(shù)形式，因此本空選A項(xiàng)“但是數(shù)碼藝術(shù)是不一樣的”。20.【答案】C【解析】此處考查本段小標(biāo)題。根據(jù)本段首句ItistooearlytosayifNFTsaregoodinvestments.可知，C項(xiàng)為本段最佳標(biāo)題。第二部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用第一節(jié)【文章大意】本文是記敘文。作者從小受外婆和媽媽的熏陶，學(xué)會(huì)了保存和充分利用剩菜而不浪費(fèi)。作者在以后的生活中從不浪費(fèi)，認(rèn)為我們要尊重所有的勞動(dòng)成果。21.【答案】C【解析】上一句中作者說(shuō)從沒(méi)記得過(guò)媽媽和外婆浪費(fèi)過(guò)食物。因此，本句意為：我們每頓飯沒(méi)吃的東西都被保存(saved)，儲(chǔ)存起來(lái)，并作為剩菜后期使用。全文主題就是保存并儲(chǔ)存食物而不浪費(fèi)。22.【答案】A【解析】此處是作者依舊記得(remember)外婆是怎樣處理剩菜的。后面的AndIalsorememberwhen...也是提示。23.【答案】B【解析】我們會(huì)一直吃，直到吃飽(full)為止，但總是剩下大約一半的豆子。24.【答案】B【解析】每次雖然我們都吃飽了，但還是剩下(leftover)大約一半的豆子。25.【答案】D【解析】幾天后,外婆將這些豆子(beans)從冰箱中取出，煮意大利面，加入香菜，將它們混合在一起，制成美味的意大利面食。此處考查的是上下文信息重現(xiàn)。26.【答案】C【解析】外婆把豆子，意大利面和香菜混合(mix)在一起，制成了意大利面食。27.【答案】A【解析】我還記得當(dāng)我早上看(watched)媽媽為我們煎培根時(shí)，她總是拿起黃油，小心地(carefully)將其倒入一個(gè)容器中。28.【答案】B【解析】媽媽在制作食物時(shí)，把黃油倒入容器的動(dòng)作自然是小心翼翼地。29.【答案】D【解析】然后她以后將用(use)它來(lái)調(diào)味許多其他菜肴。30.【答案】C【解析】我很好地學(xué)習(xí)了她們的課(lessons)，也就是她們的經(jīng)驗(yàn)，長(zhǎng)大后也不想自己浪費(fèi)(waste)食物。31.【答案】D【解析】作者學(xué)習(xí)外婆和媽媽的經(jīng)驗(yàn)做法，那自然是不浪費(fèi)食物。32.【答案】A【解析】我總是提前計(jì)劃(planned)一周的飯菜，只買了購(gòu)物清單(list)上的東西，所以沒(méi)有浪費(fèi)。33.【答案】B【解析】只購(gòu)買清單上的東西就不會(huì)浪費(fèi)了。34.【答案】D【解析】每頓飯(meal)都進(jìn)了我們的胃，即使有剩菜也會(huì)被我，我的孩子們或我的狗吃