地下工程課程設(shè)計(jì)-公路隧道設(shè)計(jì)

課程設(shè)計(jì)題目：某2車道時(shí)速120km/h高速公路隧道V級(jí)圍巖段結(jié)構(gòu)及施工方法設(shè)計(jì)

課程設(shè)計(jì)（論文）任務(wù)書專業(yè)班級(jí)地下工程12-02班學(xué)生姓名一、題目某2車道時(shí)速120km/h高速公路隧道V級(jí)圍巖段結(jié)構(gòu)及施工方法設(shè)計(jì)二、起止日期2015年6月22日至2015年7月9日三、主要任務(wù)與要求公路隧道參數(shù)：時(shí)速120km/h,兩車道，圍巖等級(jí)=4\*ROMANV級(jí)，上覆土層平均重度18.5,埋深60m,地下水距拱頂20m,平均內(nèi)摩擦角42°,配筋設(shè)計(jì)按容許狀應(yīng)力法。設(shè)計(jì)要求如下:(1)隧道橫斷面設(shè)計(jì)，根據(jù)設(shè)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)確定建筑限界和凈空斷面（建筑界限按最小寬度）；(2)查閱相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)資料，選擇隧道斷面參數(shù)；(3)隧道結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)，采用荷載結(jié)構(gòu)法計(jì)算襯砌內(nèi)力；根據(jù)相關(guān)規(guī)范，利用工程類比法確定初次支護(hù)參數(shù)；(4)施工方法與工藝流程。評(píng)閱人年月日目錄一、初始條件……………………2二、隧道洞身設(shè)計(jì)……………22.1隧道建筑界限及內(nèi)輪廓圖的確定………2三、隧道襯砌結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)……………………33.1支護(hù)方法及襯砌材料………33.2隧道深淺埋的確定及圍巖壓力的計(jì)算……4四、襯砌結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)力計(jì)算……………………64.1基本資料……………………64.2在同濟(jì)曙光軟件中步驟……………………74.3配筋……………………13五、隧道開挖施工…………155.1隧道開挖施工方案……………………155.2施工順序…………………155.3施工要點(diǎn)…………………155.4施工方法優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)………16六、附錄…………17摘要本設(shè)計(jì)為公路隧道設(shè)計(jì)，該隧道為兩車道隧道，根據(jù)任務(wù)書的要求車速120km/h、圍巖等級(jí)Ⅴ級(jí)、隧道埋深60m。本設(shè)計(jì)的主要任務(wù)是隧道的支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)和施工設(shè)計(jì)。本設(shè)計(jì)主要內(nèi)容包括：各級(jí)圍巖荷載計(jì)算、利用有限元軟件進(jìn)行襯砌的內(nèi)力計(jì)算、復(fù)合式襯砌設(shè)計(jì)、施工工藝設(shè)計(jì)等。關(guān)鍵詞：公路隧道限界結(jié)構(gòu)計(jì)算配筋環(huán)形開挖留核心土法一、初始條件某高速公路隧道通過Ⅲ級(jí)圍巖，埋深H=60m，隧道圍巖天然容重γ=23KN/m3，計(jì)算摩擦角=；襯砌材料采用C25噴射混凝土，材料容重，變形模量。二、隧道洞身設(shè)計(jì) 2.1隧道建筑界限及內(nèi)輪廓圖的確定該隧道橫斷面是根據(jù)兩車道高速公路Ⅴ級(jí)圍巖來設(shè)計(jì)的，根據(jù)《公路隧道設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》確定隧道的建筑限界如下：表2.1公路隧道建筑限界橫斷面醉成最小寬度公路等級(jí)設(shè)計(jì)速度（km/h）車道寬度（W）側(cè)向?qū)挾扔鄬扖人行道R檢修道J隧道建筑凈寬左側(cè)LL右側(cè)LR左側(cè)右側(cè)設(shè)檢修道設(shè)人行道不設(shè)人行道、檢修道高速公路一級(jí)公路1203.75×20.751.250.750.75111003.75×20.510.750.7510.5803.75×20.50.750.750.7510.25603.50×20.50.750.750.759.75二級(jí)公路三級(jí)公路四級(jí)公路803.75×20.750.75111603.50×20.50.5110403.50×59303.25×57.5203.00×57W—行車道寬度；取3.75×2mC—余寬；因設(shè)置檢修道，故余寬取為0mJ—檢修道寬度；雙側(cè)設(shè)置，取為1.0mH—建筑限界高度；取為5.0m—建筑限界左頂角寬度；取0.75mh—檢修道高度；取為0.25m設(shè)計(jì)行車速度為120km/h,建筑限界左右頂角高度均取1m；隧道輪廓線如下圖：圖2.1隧道內(nèi)輪廓限界圖單位：m根據(jù)規(guī)范要求，隧道襯砌結(jié)構(gòu)厚度為65cm（一次襯砌為20cm和二次襯砌45cm）通過作圖得到隧道的尺寸如下：圖2.2隧道內(nèi)輪廓圖得到如下尺寸:R=6.2682m。三、隧道襯砌結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)3.1支護(hù)方法及襯砌材料根據(jù)《公路隧道設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》（JTG-2004），本設(shè)計(jì)為高速公路，采用復(fù)合式襯砌，復(fù)合式襯砌是由初期支護(hù)和二次襯砌及中間防水層組合而成的襯砌形式。復(fù)合式襯砌應(yīng)符合下列規(guī)定：1初期支護(hù)宜采用錨噴支護(hù)，即由噴射混凝土，錨桿，鋼筋網(wǎng)和鋼筋支架等支護(hù)形式單獨(dú)或組合使用，錨桿宜采用全長粘結(jié)錨桿。2二次襯砌宜采用模筑混凝土或模筑鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)，襯砌截面宜采用連結(jié)圓順的等厚襯砌斷面，仰拱厚度宜與拱墻厚度相同。由規(guī)范8.4.2-1，對于兩車道Ⅴ級(jí)圍巖：初期支護(hù)：拱部邊墻的噴射混凝土厚度為15-20cm，拱墻的錨桿長度為3-4m，錨桿間距為0.8-1.2m；二次襯砌厚度：拱墻混凝土厚度為45cm。因此確定襯砌尺寸及規(guī)格如下：深埋隧道外層初期支護(hù)，根據(jù)規(guī)范規(guī)定，采用錨噴支護(hù)，錨桿采用普通水泥砂漿錨桿，規(guī)格HRB20×2.5m，采用梅花型局部布設(shè)，采用C25噴射混凝土。初次襯砌：采用C25噴射混凝土，厚度為19.8cm。防水板：采用塑料防水板及無紗布，且無紡布密度為300g/m2,防水板應(yīng)采用鋪滿的EVA板防水層，厚度為2.0mm，搭接長度為150mm。二次襯砌：根據(jù)《公路隧道設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》，采用C25號(hào)模筑防水混凝土，厚度為45cm。整個(gè)襯砌厚度為19.8+0.2+45=65cm。圖2.3襯砌示意圖3.2隧道深淺埋的確定及圍巖壓力的計(jì)算隧道的內(nèi)輪廓尺寸為B12.24m，H=9.3m因?yàn)棰跫?jí)圍巖需要預(yù)留變形量，查《公路隧道設(shè)計(jì)規(guī)范》8.4.1知Ⅴ級(jí)圍巖需預(yù)留變形量為80-100mm，襯砌厚度為65cm，又每側(cè)超挖量為10cm，故隧道的近似開挖尺寸為：深淺埋的判別（3.1）—深淺埋隧道的分界深度；（3.2）h—等效荷載高度—跨度影響系數(shù)；（3.3）i—圍巖壓力增減率，當(dāng)時(shí)取=0.1埋深故為深埋隧道。又可用公式（3.4）計(jì)算均布垂直壓力：（3.4）表3.1水平均布?jí)毫的取值圍巖級(jí)別Ⅰ、ⅡⅢⅣⅤⅥ水平均布?jí)毫0<0.15q(0.15~0.3)q(0.3~0.5)q(0.5~1.0)q因?yàn)樵撍淼绹鷰r級(jí)別為Ⅴ圍巖水平均布?jí)毫椋喝=120。圖3.1荷載示意圖四、襯砌結(jié)構(gòu)內(nèi)力計(jì)算4.1基本資料表4.1隧道襯砌基本資料公里等級(jí)高速公路圍巖級(jí)別Ⅴ級(jí)圍巖容重r=18.5KN/m3材料容重材料變形模量襯砌厚度d=0.65m圖4.1襯砌結(jié)構(gòu)斷面圖4.2在同濟(jì)曙光軟件中步驟如下1、隧道建筑限界設(shè)計(jì)圖4.2圖4.32、隧道襯砌橫斷面設(shè)計(jì)圖4.4荷載計(jì)算表4.2荷載計(jì)算取值py1py2py3py4315.2362kN/m315.2362kN/m315.2362kN/m315.2362kN/mPx1Px2Px3Px4315.2362kN/m315.2362kN/m315.2362kN/m315.2362kN/m在菜單中選擇，程序?qū)⒂?jì)算出作用在結(jié)構(gòu)上的圍巖壓力，并且在屏幕上襯砌斷面圖的旁邊生成結(jié)構(gòu)計(jì)算簡圖。該圍巖壓力將自動(dòng)填寫在“分布荷載“對話框中，若不作修改將直接用于后面的計(jì)算，若要修改則選擇菜單中的，將彈出如下對話框圖4.5在菜單中選擇，用以添加材料，將彈出如下對話框：圖4.6單擊，該對話框?qū)⒆優(yōu)椋簣D4.7雙擊，將彈出如下對話框：圖4.84、計(jì)算結(jié)果顯示：表4.3軟件計(jì)算結(jié)果節(jié)點(diǎn)號(hào)坐標(biāo)（x，y）N（kN）V（kN）M（kNm）1(49.540000,0.302000)1859.8-1576.3-659.29562(50.652000,0.302000)1859.8-1226-225.26873(51.764000,0.302000)1859.8-875.7112.30784(52.876000,0.302000)1859.8-525.4353.43395(53.988000,0.302000)1859.8-175.1498.10956(55.100000,0.302000)1859.8175.1546.33477(56.212000,0.302000)1859.8525.4498.10958(57.324000,0.302000)1859.8875.7353.43399(58.436000,0.302000)1859.81226112.307810(59.548000,0.302000)1859.81576.3-225.268711(60.660000,0.302000)2403.8-873.4-659.295612(61.947224,3.799199)2130.5200.5158.388713(61.217897,7.454019)2072.9-10.1-39.326614(58.687079,10.189816)1717.4-102.9-25.994515(55.100000,11.201000)1717.4102.966.077616(51.512921,10.189816)2072.910.1-25.994517(48.982103,7.454019)2130.5-200.5-39.326618(48.252776,3.799199)2403.8873.4158.388719(49.540000,0.302000)1859.8-1576.3-659.295620(50.652000,0.302000)1859.8-1226-225.268721(51.764000,0.302000)1859.8-875.7112.307822(52.876000,0.302000)1859.8-525.4353.433923(53.988000,0.302000)1859.8-175.1498.109524(55.100000,0.302000)1859.8175.1546.334725(56.212000,0.302000)1859.8525.4498.109526(57.324000,0.302000)1859.8875.7353.433927(58.436000,0.302000)1859.81226112.307828(59.548000,0.302000)1859.81576.3-225.268729(60.660000,0.302000)2403.8-873.4-659.295630(61.947224,3.799199)2130.5200.5158.388731(61.217897,7.454019)2072.9-10.1-39.326632(58.687079,10.189816)1717.4-102.9-25.994533(55.100000,11.201000)1717.4102.966.077634(51.512921,10.189816)2072.910.1-25.994535(48.982103,7.454019)2130.5-200.5-39.326636(48.252776,3.799199)2403.8873.4158.388737(49.540000,0.302000)1859.8-1576.3-659.295638(50.652000,0.302000)1859.8-1226-225.268739(51.764000,0.302000)1859.8-875.7112.307840(52.876000,0.302000)1859.8-525.4353.433941(53.988000,0.302000)1859.8-175.1498.109542(55.100000,0.302000)1859.8175.1546.334743(56.212000,0.302000)1859.8525.4498.109544(57.324000,0.302000)1859.8875.7353.433945(58.436000,0.302000)1859.81226112.307846(59.548000,0.302000)1859.81576.3-225.268747(60.660000,0.302000)2403.8-873.4-659.295648(61.947224,3.799199)2130.5200.5158.388749(61.217897,7.454019)2072.9-10.1-39.326650(58.687079,10.189816)1717.4-102.9-25.994551(55.100000,11.201000)1717.4102.966.077652(51.512921,10.189816)2072.910.1-25.994553(48.982103,7.454019)2130.5-200.5-39.326654(48.252776,3.799199)2403.8873.4158.388755(49.540000,0.302000)1859.8-1576.3-659.295656(50.652000,0.302000)1859.8-1226-225.268757(51.764000,0.302000)1859.8-875.7112.307858(52.876000,0.302000)1859.8-525.4353.433959(53.988000,0.302000)1859.8-175.1498.109560(55.100000,0.302000)1859.8175.1546.334761(56.212000,0.302000)1859.8525.4498.109562(57.324000,0.302000)1859.8875.7353.433963(58.436000,0.302000)1859.81226112.307864(59.548000,0.302000)1859.81576.3-225.268765(60.660000,0.302000)2403.8-873.4-659.295666(61.947224,3.799199)2130.5200.5158.388767(61.217897,7.454019)2072.9-10.1-39.326668(58.687079,10.189816)1717.4-102.9-25.994569(55.100000,11.201000)1717.4102.966.077670(51.512921,10.189816)2072.910.1-25.994571(48.982103,7.454019)2130.5-200.5-39.326672(48.252776,3.799199)2403.8873.4158.388773(49.540000,0.302000)1859.8-1576.3-659.295674(50.652000,0.302000)1859.8-1226-225.268775(51.764000,0.302000)1859.8-875.7112.307876(52.876000,0.302000)1859.8-525.4353.433977(53.988000,0.302000)1859.8-175.1498.109578(55.100000,0.302000)1859.8175.1546.334779(56.212000,0.302000)1859.8525.4498.109580(57.324000,0.302000)1859.8875.7353.433981(58.436000,0.302000)1859.81226112.307882(59.548000,0.302000)1859.81576.3-225.268783(60.660000,0.302000)2403.8-873.4-659.295684(61.947224,3.799199)2130.5200.5158.388785(61.217897,7.454019)2072.9-10.1-39.326686(58.687079,10.189816)1717.4-102.9-25.994587(55.100000,11.201000)1717.4102.966.077688(51.512921,10.189816)2072.910.1-25.994589(48.982103,7.454019)2130.5-200.5-39.326690(48.252776,3.799199)2403.8873.4158.388791(49.540000,0.302000)1859.8-1576.3-659.295692(50.652000,0.302000)1859.8-1226-225.268793(51.764000,0.302000)1859.8-875.7112.307894(52.876000,0.302000)1859.8-525.4353.433995(53.988000,0.302000)1859.8-175.1498.109596(55.100000,0.302000)1859.8175.1546.334797(56.212000,0.302000)1859.8525.4498.109598(57.324000,0.302000)1859.8875.7353.433999(58.436000,0.302000)1859.81226112.3078100(59.548000,0.302000)1859.81576.3-225.2687101(60.660000,0.302000)2403.8-873.4-659.2956102(61.947224,3.799199)2130.5200.5158.3887103(61.217897,7.454019)2072.9-10.1-39.3266104(58.687079,10.189816)1717.4-102.9-25.9945105(55.100000,11.201000)1717.4102.966.0776106(51.512921,10.189816)2072.910.1-25.9945107(48.982103,7.454019)2130.5-200.5-39.3266108(48.252776,3.799199)2403.8873.4158.3887結(jié)果內(nèi)力圖顯示如下圖4.9軸力圖圖4.10剪力圖圖4.11彎矩圖4.3配筋在襯砌結(jié)構(gòu)中最大彎矩截面為拱頂截面，軸力N=1859.8，彎矩M=546.3347，配筋采用對稱配筋，選用C25混凝土，HRB500鋼筋，混凝土保護(hù)層厚度為40mm。3.1判斷偏心受壓類型截面設(shè)計(jì)尺寸為（4.1）且，判定為大偏心受壓，上式計(jì)算所得到的值有效。（4.2）（4.3）（4.4）求得=607.6056mm>0.3=183mm，故按大偏心進(jìn)行計(jì)算。（4.5）e=4.2計(jì)算和（4.6）解得，選7D28（），截面總配筋率，滿足要求。3.3驗(yàn)算垂直于彎矩作用平面的受壓承載力查表得，則運(yùn)用式（3.7）來計(jì)算（4.7）==14125>N=由計(jì)算可知截面強(qiáng)度滿足規(guī)范要求。襯砌配筋圖如下圖4.12斷面襯砌配筋圖圖4.131-1截面詳圖圖4.14配筋圖五、隧道開挖施工5.1隧道開挖施工方案采用如圖所示分布施工順序進(jìn)行開挖，即先環(huán)形開挖留核心土法的施工方法。環(huán)形開挖留核心土法，將開挖斷面分為上、中、下及底部四個(gè)部分逐級(jí)掘進(jìn)施工，核心土面積應(yīng)不小于整個(gè)斷面面積的50%。上部宜超前中部3～5m，中部超前下部3～5m，下部超前底部10m左右。為方便機(jī)械作業(yè)，上部開挖高度控制在4.5m左右，中部臺(tái)階高度也控制在4.5m左右，下部臺(tái)階控制在3.5m左右。圖5.1施工示意圖1圖5.2施工示意圖2這種施工方法適用于土質(zhì)易于坍塌的軟弱圍巖隧道隧道坑道開挖后，在巖體散破壞之前，及時(shí)修筑一層柔性薄壁襯砌（第一次襯砌），通過施工中的量測監(jiān)視，確定圍巖變形穩(wěn)定之后，修筑防水層及第二次襯砌，此即為復(fù)合襯砌施工方法（新奧法）。該法并不單純是一種施工方法，該法是對圍巖動(dòng)態(tài)性質(zhì)通過施工中的量測的認(rèn)識(shí)和理解，通過周密的量測工作，系統(tǒng)的控制坑道變形與應(yīng)力，從而確定所建立的支護(hù)體系受力情況，并不斷加以修改、完善。5.2施工順序開挖弧形導(dǎo)坑——第一次柔性襯砌（拱）——開挖核心及側(cè)壁——第一次柔性襯砌（邊墻）——開挖仰拱部分并修筑仰拱——施工測量（位移、應(yīng)力等量測）——防水層——第二次襯砌。5.3施工要點(diǎn)1.環(huán)形開挖每循環(huán)長度宜為0.5～1m；2.開挖后應(yīng)及時(shí)施作噴錨支護(hù)、安裝鋼架支撐或格柵支撐，每兩榀鋼架之間應(yīng)采用鋼筋連接，并應(yīng)加鎖腳錨桿，全斷面初期支護(hù)完成距拱部開挖面不宜超過30m；3預(yù)留核心土面積的大小應(yīng)滿足開挖面穩(wěn)定的要求；4當(dāng)?shù)刭|(zhì)條件差，圍巖自穩(wěn)時(shí)間較短時(shí)，開挖前應(yīng)在拱部設(shè)計(jì)開挖輪廓線以外，進(jìn)行超前支護(hù)；5.上部弧形，左、右側(cè)墻部，中部核心土開挖各錯(cuò)開3～5m進(jìn)行平行作業(yè)。5.4施工方法優(yōu)缺點(diǎn)先環(huán)形開挖留核心土法的優(yōu)點(diǎn)：有利于掌子面圍巖穩(wěn)定，初期支護(hù)可采用扇形支撐先環(huán)形開挖留核心土法在隧道進(jìn)行臨時(shí)支護(hù)，施工速度較快，工法轉(zhuǎn)化容易不需另外增加開挖成本。先環(huán)形開挖留核心土法的主要不足：對圍巖下半部的穩(wěn)定性和強(qiáng)度有一定要求，有時(shí)需對拱腳和墻角圍巖進(jìn)行注漿加固或增設(shè)鎖腳錨桿。六、附錄一、設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù)1.隧道建筑限界表1.1隧道建筑界限參數(shù)公路分類汽車專用公路公路等級(jí)高速公路地形特征平原微丘是否設(shè)檢修道或人行道是行車道寬度W(m）7.5路緣帶寬度S(m)0.75側(cè)向余寬C(m)0人行道寬度R(m)0檢修道寬度J(m)1隧道建筑限界凈寬(m)10隧道襯砌類型一心圓曲墻拱隧道襯砌是否設(shè)置仰拱設(shè)置襯砌橫斷面厚度是否等厚時(shí)地面到拱頂?shù)木嚯x(埋深：m)602.材料參數(shù)表1.2材料參數(shù)圍巖類別Ⅴ類圍巖壓縮狀態(tài)地層法向彈性抗力系數(shù)3500000.000壓縮狀態(tài)地層切向彈性抗力系數(shù)3500000.000拉伸狀態(tài)地層法向彈性抗力系數(shù)0拉伸狀態(tài)地層切向彈性抗力系數(shù)0表1.3混凝土參數(shù)混凝土標(biāo)號(hào)彈性模量E(KN/m2，MPa)慣性模量I(m4/m)截面積A(m2/m)25號(hào)混凝土28500000.0000.0230.650 3.分布荷載表1.4分布荷載參數(shù)py1py2py3py4315.2362kN/m315.2362kN/m315.2362kN/m315.2362kN/mPx1Px2Px3Px4315.2362kN/m315.2362kN/m315.2362kN/m315.2362kN/m 4.有限元控制參數(shù)表1.5有限元控制參數(shù)地層彈簧作用模式全周彈簧作用模式增量加載總數(shù)1增量輸入控制參數(shù)0迭代控制參數(shù)無迭代運(yùn)算5.隧道襯砌基本資料表1.6隧道襯砌基本資料公里等級(jí)高速公路圍巖級(jí)別Ⅴ級(jí)圍巖容重r=18.5KN/m3材料容重材料變形模量襯砌厚度d=0.65m6.襯砌尺寸表1.7襯砌尺寸圓心至限界底邊的距離(m)3.500襯砌橫斷面厚度(m)0.650二、計(jì)算結(jié)果表2.1軟件計(jì)算結(jié)果節(jié)點(diǎn)編號(hào)坐標(biāo)（x，y）N（kN）V（kN）M（kNm）1(49.540000,0.302000)1859.8-1576.3-659.29562(50.652000,0.302000)1859.8-1226-225.26873(51.764000,0.302000)1859.8-875.7112.30784(52.876000,0.302000)1859.8-525.4353.43395(53.988000,0.302000)1859.8-175.1498.10956(55.100000,0.302000)1859.8175.1546.33477(56.212000,0.302000)1859.8525.4498.10958(57.324000,0.302000)1859.8875.7353.43399(58.436000,0.302000)1859.81226112.307810(59.548000,0.302000)1859.81576.3-225.268711(60.660000,0.302000)2403.8-873.4-659.295612(61.947224,3.799199)2130.5200.5158.388713(61.217897,7.454019)2072.9-10.1-39.326614(58.687079,10.189816)1717.4-102.9-25.994515(55.100000,11.201000)1717.4102.966.077616(51.512921,10.189816)2072.910.1-25.994517(48.982103,7.454019)2130.5-200.5-39.326618(48.252776,3.799199)2403.8873.4158.388719(49.540000,0.302000)1859.8-1576.3-659.295620(50.652000,0.302000)1859.8-1226-225.268721(51.764000,0.302000)1859.8-875.7112.307822(52.876000,0.302000)1859.8-525.4353.433923(53.988000,0.302000)1859.8-175.1498.109524(55.100000,0.302000)1859.8175.1546.334725(56.212000,0.302000)1859.8525.4498.109526(57.324000,0.302000)1859.8875.7353.433927(58.436000,0.302000)1859.81226112.307828(59.548000,0.302000)1859.81576.3-225.268729(60.660000,0.302000)2403.8-873.4-659.295630(61.947224,3.799199)2130.5200.5158.388731(61.217897,7.454019)2072.9-10.1-39.326632(58.687079,10.189816)1717.4-102.9-25.994533(55.100000,11.201000)1717.4102.966.077634(51.512921,10.189816)2072.910.1-25.994535(48.982103,7.454019)2130.5-200.5-39.326636(48.252776,3.799199)2403.8873.4158.388737(49.540000,0.302000)1859.8-1576.3-659.295638(50.652000,0.302000)1859.8-1226-225.268739(51.764000,0.302000)1859.8-875.7112.307840(52.876000,0.302000)1859.8-525.4353.433941(53.988000,0.302000)1859.8-175.1498.109542(55.100000,0.302000)1859.8175.1546.334743(56.212000,0.302000)1859.8525.4498.109544(57.324000,0.302000)1859.8875.7353.433945(58.436000,0.302000)1859.81226112.307846(59.548000,0.302000)1859.81576.3-225.268747(60.660000,0.302000)2403.8-873.4-659.295648(61.947224,3.799199)2130.5200.5158.388749(61.217897,7.454019)2072.9-10.1-39.326650(58.687079,10.189816)1717.4-102.9-25.994551(55.100000,11.201000)1717.4102.966.077652(51.512921,10.189816)2072.910.1-25.994553(48.982103,7.454019)2130.5-200.5-39.326654(48.252776,3.799199)2403.8873.4158.388755(49.540000,0.302000)1859.8-1576.3-659.295656(50.652000,0.302000)1859.8-1226-225.268757(51.764000,0.302000)1859.8-875.7112.307858(52.876000,0.302000)1859.8-525.4353.433959(53.988000,0.302000)1859.8-175.1498.109560(55.100000,0.302000)1859.8175.1546.334761(56.212000,0.302000)1859.8525.4498.109562(57.324000,0.302000)1859.8875.7353.433963(58.436000,0.302000)1859.81226112.307864(59.548000,0.302000)1859.81576.3-225.268765(60.660000,0.302000)2403.8-873.4-659.295666(61.947224,3.799199)2130.5200.5158.388767(61.217897,7.454019)2072.9-10.1-39.326668(58.687079,10.189816)1717.4-102.9-25.994569(55.100000,11.201000)1717.4102.966.077670(51.512921,10.189816)2072.910.1-25.994571(48.982103,7.454019)2130.5-200.5-39.326672(48.252776,3.799199)2403.8873.4158.388773(49.540000,0.302000)1859.8-1576.3-659.295674(50.652000,0.302000)1859.8-1226-225.268775(51.764000,0.302000)1859.8-875.7112.307876(52.876000,0.302000)1859.8-525.4353.433977(53.988000,0.302000)1859.8-175.1498.109578(55.100000,0.302000)1859.8175.1546.334779(56.212000,0.302000)1859.8525.4498.109580(57.324000,0.302000)1859.8875.7353.433981(58.436000,0.302000)1859.81226112.307882(59.548000,0.302000)1859.81576.3-225.268783(60.660000,0.302000)2403.8-873.4-659.295684(61.947224,3.799199)2130.5200.5158.388785(61.217897,7.454019)2072.9-10.1-39.326686(58.687079,10.189816)1717.4-102.9-25.994587(55.100000,11.201000)1717.4102.966.077688(51.512921,10.189816)2072.910.1-25.994589(48.982103,7.454019)2130.5-200.5-39.326690(48.252776,3.799199)2403.8873.4158.388791(49.540000,0.302000)1859.8-1576.3-659.295692(50.652000,0.302000)1859.8-1226-225.268793(51.764000,0.302000)1859.8-875.7112.307894(52.876000,0.302000)1859.8-525.4353.433995(53.988000,0.302000)1859.8-175.1498.109596(55.100000,0.302000)1859.8175.1546.334797(56.212000,0.302000)1859.8525.4498.109598(57.324000,0.302000)1859.8875.7353.433999(58.436000,0.302000)1859.81226112.3078100(59.548000,0.302000)1859.81576.3-225.2687101(60.660000,0.302000)2403.8-873.4-659.2956102(61.947224,3.799199)2130.5200.5158.3887103(61.217897,7.454019)2072.9-10.1-39.3266104(58.687079,10.189816)1717.4-102.9-25.9945105(55.100000,11.201000)1717.4102.966.0776106(51.512921,10.189816)2072.910.1-25.9945107(48.982103,7.454019)2130.5-200.5-39.3266108(48.252776,3.799199)2403.8873.4158.3887基于C8051F單片機(jī)直流電動(dòng)機(jī)反饋控制系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與研究基于單片機(jī)的嵌入式Web服務(wù)器的研究MOTOROLA單片機(jī)MC68HC（8）05PV8/A內(nèi)嵌EEPROM的工藝和制程方法及對良率的影響研究基于模糊控制的電阻釬焊單片機(jī)溫度控制系統(tǒng)的研制基于MCS-51系列單片機(jī)的通用控制模塊的研究基于單片機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)的供暖系統(tǒng)最佳啟停自校正（STR）調(diào)節(jié)器單片機(jī)控制的二級(jí)倒立擺系統(tǒng)的研究基于增強(qiáng)型51系列單片機(jī)的TCP/IP協(xié)議棧的實(shí)現(xiàn)基于單片機(jī)的蓄電池自動(dòng)監(jiān)測系統(tǒng)基于32位嵌入式單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)的圖像采集與處理技術(shù)的研究基于單片機(jī)的作物營養(yǎng)診斷專家系統(tǒng)的研究基于單片機(jī)的交流伺服電機(jī)運(yùn)動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)研究與開發(fā)基于單片機(jī)的泵管內(nèi)壁硬度測試儀的研制基于單片機(jī)的自動(dòng)找平控制系統(tǒng)研究基于C8051F040單片機(jī)的嵌入式系統(tǒng)開發(fā)基于單片機(jī)的液壓動(dòng)力系統(tǒng)狀態(tài)監(jiān)測儀開發(fā)模糊Smith智能控制方法的研究及其單片機(jī)實(shí)現(xiàn)一種基于單片機(jī)的軸快流CO〈,2〉激光器的手持控制面板的研制基于雙單片機(jī)沖床數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的研究基于CYGNAL單片機(jī)的在線間歇式濁度儀的研制基于單片機(jī)的噴油泵試驗(yàn)臺(tái)控制器的研制基于單片機(jī)的軟起動(dòng)器的研究和設(shè)計(jì)基于單片機(jī)控制的高速快走絲電火花線切割機(jī)床短循環(huán)走絲方式研究基于單片機(jī)的機(jī)電產(chǎn)品控制系統(tǒng)開發(fā)基于PIC單片機(jī)的智能手機(jī)充電器基于單片機(jī)的實(shí)時(shí)內(nèi)核設(shè)計(jì)及其應(yīng)用研究基于單片機(jī)的遠(yuǎn)程抄表系統(tǒng)的設(shè)計(jì)與研究基于單片機(jī)的煙氣二氧化硫濃度檢測儀的研制基于微型光譜儀的單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)軟件構(gòu)件開發(fā)的技術(shù)研究基于單片機(jī)的液體點(diǎn)滴速度自動(dòng)檢測儀的研制基于單片機(jī)系統(tǒng)的多功能溫度測量儀的研制基于PIC單片機(jī)的電能采集終端的設(shè)計(jì)和應(yīng)用基于單片機(jī)的光纖光柵解調(diào)儀的研制氣壓式線性摩擦焊機(jī)單片機(jī)控制系統(tǒng)的研制基于單片機(jī)的數(shù)字磁通門傳感器基于單片機(jī)的旋轉(zhuǎn)變壓器-數(shù)字轉(zhuǎn)換器的研究基于單片機(jī)的光纖Bragg光柵解調(diào)系統(tǒng)的研究單片機(jī)控制的便攜式多功能乳腺治療儀的研制基于C8051F020單片機(jī)的多生理信號(hào)檢測儀基于單片機(jī)的電機(jī)運(yùn)動(dòng)控制系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)Pico專用單片機(jī)核的可測性設(shè)計(jì)研究基于MCS-51單片機(jī)的熱量計(jì)基于雙單片機(jī)的智能遙測微型氣象站MCS-51單片機(jī)構(gòu)建機(jī)器人的實(shí)踐研究基于單片機(jī)的輪軌力檢測基于單片機(jī)