高三一輪復(fù)習(xí)專題3：三大從句復(fù)習(xí)課件

三大從句一輪復(fù)習(xí)語法專練一、從句概述從句只能做主句的某一部分,依附于主句而存在,不能獨立。從句也具有句子的特征，即有自己的主謂結(jié)構(gòu)；而且?guī)в幸龑?dǎo)詞。根據(jù)從句在句中的作用，可分為名詞性從句、形容詞性（定語）從句和副詞性（狀語）從句三類。二、從句三要素例句：HeistheboythatIamlookingfor.請大家概括一下從句的三要素：1、完整的主謂關(guān)系2、恰當?shù)倪B接詞3、陳述語序（一）、名詞性從句名詞性從句包括主語從句、賓語從句、表語從句和同位語從句。其關(guān)聯(lián)詞有連詞that,if,whether；連接代詞what,who,which和連接副詞when,where,why,how等。從句連接詞主語從句賓語從句介詞后賓語從句表語從句同位語從句thatwhether

ifWh-詞（含how)帶后綴－ever的詞(二)連接詞的分類及用法連詞：that、whether、if◆用法：只連從句，不做成分，that作賓語時經(jīng)常省略。◆例句：他明天要來這件事是真的。我不知道會議明天能否準時召開。

◆為保持句子平衡，that引導(dǎo)主語從句時，常用it作形式主語而把真正的主語從句后置。主要有以下幾種情況。例句：

1、難怪他不餓呢，他吃糖吃了一整天了。Itisnowonderthatheisnothungry;hehasbeeneatingsweetsallday.2、據(jù)報道，中國又發(fā)射了一顆人造衛(wèi)星。ItisreportedthatChinahassentanotherman-madesatellite.3、明天他來不來這里沒關(guān)系。Itdoesn’tmatterwhetherhewillcomehereornottomorrow.4、我突然想到昨天我忘記鎖門了。ItsuddenlyoccurredtomethatIhadforgottentolockthedooryesterday.

◆Whether和if的用法區(qū)別A：主語從句B：表語從句C：同位語從句D：介詞的賓語從句E：ornot或直接跟不定式（todo)

2．連接代詞：who,whom,whose,what,which?！粲梅ǎ杭冗B接從句，又在從句中做成分。（主、賓、表、定）◆例句：他現(xiàn)在最需要的是你的陪伴。Whatheneedsmostisyourcompany.我不知道明年我會考上那所大學(xué)，但我保證我一定不會放棄的。Idon’tknowwhichcollegeIwillgotonextyear,butIguaranteethatIwillnevergiveup.◆what和which的區(qū)別。

3．連接副詞：where,when,why,how◆用法：既連接從句，又在從句中做狀語?！衾洌何也恢牢覀儠谀膬洪_會。Idon’tknowwherewearegoingtohavethemeeting.我急于想知道的是我們什么時候去參觀博物館。WhatI’manxioustoknowiswhenwecanvisitthemuseum.

(二）定語從句復(fù)習(xí)1.定語從句類型限定性定語從句非限定性定語從句2.定語從句關(guān)系詞關(guān)系代詞6個關(guān)系副詞3個關(guān)系代詞thatwhichwhowhomwhoseas關(guān)系副詞whenwherewhy怎樣判斷一個從句是不是定語從句概念：定語從句又叫形容詞性從句，即一個句子修飾一個名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)Theboywhogotinjuredintheaccidentwassenttohospitalimmediately判斷以下句子是不是定語從句并選擇Iadviseyoutocancel___isunnecessary.Herememberedtheweekends____heclimbedmountains.Wetookapicture_____thereisatower.A.WhatB.whenC.thatD.whereE.which考點一:如何判定用關(guān)系代詞還是用關(guān)系副詞?1.I’llneverforgetthedays________________weworkedtogether.

2.I’llneverforgetthedays___________wespenttogether.

3.Iwenttotheplace

Iworkedtenyearsago.

4.Iwenttotheplace__________Ivisitedtenyearsago.

5.Thisisthereason___________________hewaslate.

6.Thisisthereason_______________hegave.

when/inwhichWhich/that/省略where/inwhichwhy/forwhichthat/whichVt.Vt.Vt.Which/that/省略

①當先行詞為all,much,little,few,none,something,anything,everything,nothing等不定代詞時a.

All

thatcanbedone

hasbeendone.b.Iamsureshehassomething(that)youcanborrow.考點二：只用that不用which②

先行詞被all,every,no,some,any,little,much修飾時：

I’veread

all

thebooks(that)yougaveme.③先行詞是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級修飾時。1.Thisis

thebest

book

(that)

I’veeverread.2.Thisis

thefirst

composition

(that)hehaswritteninEnglish.④先行詞被theonly,thevery,thelast修飾時。Thatwhitefloweris

theonlyone(that)Ireallylike.Thisis

theverybook(that)Iwanttofind.⑤

當有兩個或兩個以上分別表示人和物的先行詞時，這個定語從句要用that而不用who(whom)和which引導(dǎo)。如：Hetalkedaboutthe

teachersandschools

（that）hehadvisited.用which不用that1.非限定性地語從句2.在介詞加關(guān)系代詞中1)Doyouhaveanything______youdon’tunderstand?2)Theonlything_____wecandoistogiveyousomeadvice.3)Whoistheman_____isstandingthere?4)Sheheardaterriblenoise，______broughtherheartintohermouth.thatthatthatwhich練一練：that與which填上合適的關(guān)系詞并分析原因：1.Theway_________________heexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.2.Theway_________________heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.that/which/不填that/inwhich/不填缺賓語考點三：theway用做先行詞缺少主語或賓語:引導(dǎo)詞用that/which/不填(缺賓語時)主語賓語都不缺:引導(dǎo)詞用that/inwhich/不填3.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut_____hesaidit.（湖北）

A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich高考題鏈接：試一試介詞加關(guān)系代詞1.Doyouknowtheboy________yourmotheristalking?2.Istillremembertheday_______IfirstgottoParis.3.Hegavemesomenovels___________Iamnotveryfamiliar.towhomwithwhichonwhich考點四：介詞+關(guān)系詞定語從句句首為介詞時,后可接的關(guān)系詞為:介詞+whom/which/whosee.g.Irecognizedthebossin

companymysisterwasworking.

總結(jié)whose介詞的選用原則根據(jù)定語從句中謂語動詞的習(xí)慣搭配來決定。如：①Thisisthecamera________Ispent6

yuan.②Thisisthecamera_________Ipaid6yuan.

spendmoneyonsth.為固定搭配paymoneyforsth.為固定搭配onwhichforwhich2)根據(jù)先行詞的搭配習(xí)慣來決定。如：①Iremembertheday_______Icametomytowerofivory.②Irememberthedays__________IvisitedParis.

強調(diào)在具體某一天要用介詞on強調(diào)在某幾天時間內(nèi)要用介詞duringonwhichduringwhich3)根據(jù)從句中動詞與先行詞的邏輯關(guān)系。

Isthatthenewspaper_________youoftenwritearticles?forwhich3.______isknowntoall,heisthebeststudent.As難點一：as的用法as\that\which1.Itissuchabigstone_____nobodycanlift.2.Itissuchabigstone_____nobodycanliftit.asthat歸納：as引導(dǎo)限制性定語從句先行詞前常被such,thesame,so,as修飾，即構(gòu)成such…as,thesame…as,so…as,結(jié)構(gòu)，as在定語從句中應(yīng)充當成分如：主語、賓語或表語。注意as與which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句都能指代整句內(nèi)容，Theearthisround,_________isknowntoall._____isknowntoall,theearthisround.which/as

As1.I’vecometothepointwhereIcan’tstandhim.我已經(jīng)到了無法容忍他的地步了。where引導(dǎo)的定語從句先行詞大多數(shù)情況下是表示地點的名詞，但也有特殊情況。難點二：一些特殊詞之后的where解析：如果定語從句分別修飾point,situation,condition和case等表示抽象意義的詞，常用where引導(dǎo)，意思是“到了某種地步，在某種境況中”。1.Wearetryingtoreachapoint____bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.（山東）

A.whichB.thatC.whereD.when2.---Doyouhaveanythingtosayforyourself?---Yes,there’sonepoint____wemustinsiston.（江西）

A.whyB.whereC.howD./比較一下：不缺成分用where缺賓語用that/which/不填1.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown_____hegrewupasachild.(NMET)A.whichB.thatC.whereD.when

2.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome______Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillage.(NMET)A.until B.thatC.when D.where3.①____isreported,thestormwilllastforalongtime.

②______isreportedisthatthestormwilllastforalongtime.

③______isreportedthatthestormwilllastforalongtime.A.ThatB.WhatC.ItD.AsDBC4.Thecar____ownerisamusicianisingoodcondition.(湖北)A.whomB.whoseC.thatD.which5.Idon’tliketheway_____touristsweretreatedinSanya.onwhichB.inwhichC.inthatD.where例析：定語從句易錯點易錯點一：關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞的混用

e.g.1.I’llneverforgetthedays

when

IspentinNewYorkwithyou.2.I’llneverforgetthedays

which

IvisitedNewYorkwithyou.

易錯點二：固定句式出錯

e.g.1.Maryissolovelyagirl

aseverybodylovesher.2.Maryissolovelyagirl

that

everybodyloves.

易錯點三：主語和謂語不一致的現(xiàn)象

e.g.1.Tomisoneofthestudents

who

likes

swimming.2.Tomistheonlyoneofthestudents

who

like

swimming.

易錯點四：與強調(diào)句及其他句型的混合e.g.1.Wasitintheshopthatyouboughttherecorderthatyoulostyourpen?易錯點五：對先行詞概念不明確e.g.1.Isthislibrarythatyouvisitedyesterday?2.Isthisthelibrarywhereyouvisitedyesterday?

易錯點六：特殊名詞作先行詞時關(guān)系詞的選取錯誤e.g.1.Idon’tliketheway

whichyouspeaktoher.

易錯點七：忽略that和which引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句的區(qū)別e.g.1.ThisisthemostexcitingfootballgamewhichIhaveeverseen.（怎么改）易錯點八:介詞前置出錯e.g.1.Tellhimallthethingson

whichheshouldpayattention.(怎么改）

易錯點九：which和whose意義不明確e.g.1.Thebookwhich

coverisbrokenisofgreathelptoallofus.where\that1.Thisisthelibrary_____Iborrowedthebook.2.Itisfromthislibrary____Iborrowedthebook.where定語從句that強調(diào)句型綜合考查一：定語從句與強調(diào)句3.---WheredidyoulastseeMr.Smith?---Itwasinthehotel____Ilived.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when難點三.綜合考查

近年來，高考對定語從句和其它從句如：強調(diào)句、名詞性從句和狀語從句等的綜合考查越來越多，這就要求考生有扎實的基礎(chǔ)知識和較強的綜合分析能力。綜合考查二：定語從句與同位語從句1.Weallhaveheardthenews_____ourteamwon.2.Wedon’tbelieveinthenews_________hetoldusyesterday.thatthat/which/—that/which1.Weshouldgototheplace_____wearemostneeded.2.Weshouldgototheplace_____needsusmost.A.itB.whereC.thatD.whatBC對比訓(xùn)練

1.ItwasOctober_____wemetinDamiaoforthefirsttime.2.ItwasinOctober_____wemetinDamiaoforthefirsttime.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.whileCA對比訓(xùn)練

1.Heissuchagoodteacher_____wealllikehim.2.Heissuchagoodteacher_____wealllike.A.whomB.thatC.asD.whichBC對比訓(xùn)練（三、）狀語從句1.WhileIwaswonderingatthis,ourschoolmastertookhisplace.()2.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.()3.Nowthat/Sinceeverybodyishere,let’sbeginourmeeting.（）4.I’llspeakslowlysothatyoucanunderstandme.()時間地點原因目的判斷下列狀語從句的種類5.Socleverwasheastudentthathewasabletoworkoutallthedifficultproblems.()6.Aslongasyoudon’tloseheart,you’llsucceed.()7.Tryashemight,hecouldnotfindajob.()8.Theoldladytreatstheboyasifhewerehisownson.()9.Hewokeupassuddenlyashehadfallenasleep.

()結(jié)果條件讓步方式比較一個____在復(fù)合句中用作狀語時,在語法上叫狀語從句。從句由_______、________或_______引導(dǎo)。狀語從句可分為：1)______2)_________3)______4)_________5)_______6)_________7)_______8)_________9)_______等句子概念時間地點

原因目的結(jié)果條件

方式比較

讓步名詞詞組從屬連詞副詞一.時間狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞1.when,while,as,before,after,until,till,since,eversince,once,assoonas，2.everytime,next/last/eachtime,thefirsttime,themoment,theminute,theinstant4.hardly…when,nosooner…than,scarcely…when3.immediately,instantly,directlywhen,while,as_______________weweretalking,Mr.Smithscamein._____theycamehome,Iwascookingdinner.Iwasabouttogotobed_______Iheardsomeoneknockatthedoor.4.________wewerewatchingTV,hewasstudying.5.Heisfat_______hisbrotheristhin.6.______shesang,tearsrandownherface.While/WhenWhenwhenWhilewhileAs連接詞when、while、as的用法小結(jié)1、when的用法：（1）when引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句的謂語動詞可以是延續(xù)的，也可以是表短暫性動作的動詞，可用于主句和從句動作同時發(fā)生或從句動作先于主句動作。如：

Whenthefilmended,thepeoplewentback.WhenIlivedthere,IusedtogototheseashoreonSundays.（2）可用作并列連詞，其意義為“那時，這時”，相當于andatthis/thattime。常用于句式：Somebodywasdoingsomethingwhen…Sb.wasabouttodosth.when…(剛要……這時突然……)2、連接詞while的用法（1）while意思是“當……的時候”或“在某一段時間內(nèi)”，引導(dǎo)的從句動作必須是持續(xù)性的，側(cè)重主句動作和從句動作相對比。

Peopledon’ttalksoloudlywhileothersareworking.（2）從句和主句的謂語動詞都為延續(xù)性動詞時,只能用while;while還可作并列連詞,表示”而”.

IwasreadingwhilehewaswatchingTV.（3）引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句(句首）3．a(chǎn)s的用法：(1)as著重強調(diào)主句和從句的動作同時或幾乎同時發(fā)生，如：

Thestudentsroseastheteacherenteredtheclassroom.(2)as還可以表示“隨著……”，如：

Astimegoesby,itisgettingcolderandcolder.(3)As還能表示“一邊……一邊”，如：

Helookedbehindfromtimetotimeashewent.before,after,sinceHehadleftthetowntheday______shearrived.Itwasnotlong______helefthishometown.Iplayedfootball_____I(had)finishedmyhomeworkPleasetellherI’llcome_______Idosomeshopping.beforeafterbeforeafter5.Itwillnotbelong______wemeeteachotheragain.6.I__________(be)athisbedsidesincehe_______(become)ill.7.It____________(be)twoyearssincewe_______(begin)tousethismachine.beforehavebeenbecameis/hasbeenbeganConclusion:1）句型Itwillbe/was＋一段時間＋before…“還要過多久才……”如：

Itwillbetwoyearsbeforeheleavesthecountry.2）句型Itwillbe/wasnot＋一段時間＋before…“不多久就……”，如：Itwasnotlongbeforeheworkedouttheproblem.3）句型Itbe＋一段時間＋since…,該句型主句和從句中動詞謂語時態(tài)的搭配很嚴格。Itis/hasbeen…sincesb.didsth.如：

Itisthreeyearssinceshejoinedthearmy.從句動詞為瞬間動詞，表示“自……以來，已經(jīng)過去多長時間了”。Itisfourdayssinceshewasill.從句謂語動詞為延續(xù)性動詞，表示“自……結(jié)束以來，已經(jīng)過去多長時間了”。till與until:1.Helivedwithhisparents________hegraduatedfromcollege.2.Not____hetoldmedidIknowthetruth.3.Thechildren___________(willcome)homeuntil/tillit’sdark.4.Itwas_________thewarwasoverthathereturnedtohisland.till/untiluntilwon’tcomenotuntil小結(jié)：till,until和not…until：1.until/till引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句用于肯定句時，主句的動詞是延續(xù)性動詞，表示動作或狀態(tài)一直持續(xù)到until/till所表示的時間，意為“某動作一直延續(xù)到某時間點才停止”。如：

Wewaiteduntilhecame.2．用于否定句時，主句謂語動詞是非延續(xù)性動詞，從句為肯定，意為“某動作直到某時間才開始”。如：

Hewon’tgotobedtill/untilshereturns.3．till不可以置于句首，而until可以。如：

UntilyoutoldmeIhadnoideaofit.4．not…until句型中的強調(diào)和倒裝說法：

ItwasnotuntilyoutoldmethatIhadanyideaofit.NotuntilyoutoldmedidIhaveanyideaofit.一…就…ill.__________________________________________hesawthemonster,heturnedpale.2、Thespyhad_________returnedhomethanhewastoldtogotoanothercountry.3、Wehad_______________returnedhomewhenitrained.4、_______________hadwebegunwhenwetoldtostop.Themoment/minute/Immediately/nosoonerhardly/scarcelyHardly/ScarcelyAssoonas5)nosooner…thanhardly/scarcely…when剛……就A.時態(tài)：主句用過去完成時（had+p.p.）從句用一般過去時B.倒裝：nosooner/hardly/scarcely放句首，主句要到裝二.地點狀語從句:where,wherever，nomatterwhereYouwouldletyourchildrenplaywhereyoucanseethem.Whereveryouare,Iwillberighttherewaitingforyou.區(qū)分：wherever，nomatterwhere1.TheRedCrossisexpectedtosendhelp___thereishumansuffering.A.whoever

B.however

C.whatever

D.wherever2.--Mom，whatdidyourdoctorsay？--Headvisedmetolive____theairisfresher.A.inwhere

B.inwhich

C.theplacewhere

D.where

DD三、原因狀語從句原因狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有：because,as,sincenowthat（既然）,consideringthat（考慮到）,seeingthat（鑒于）用because,as,since與for填空:--Whyareyoucrying,Tom?---________I’vebrokenyournecklace,mom.2.Iwenttobedearly_______Iwastired.3.Iwasnotkindtohim_________hewasrude.4.__Ihadacold,Iwasabsentfromschool.5.MymotherwasillandIsentforTom,___hewasadoctor.6.____weareallhere,let’sbeginourclass.BecausebecausebecauseAsforSinceConclusion:because直接原因，非推斷．語氣最強．回答whysince表示“既然”，語氣較弱；強調(diào)對方已經(jīng)知曉，無需加以說明的原因，只可以放在句首。As“由于”，語氣最弱，表示往往是十分明顯的原因，常放在句首，比較口語化。For放句中，對前面一句話的內(nèi)容的補充說明。

四.條件狀語從句:引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句的連接詞有:if,unless,as/solongas（只要）,incase,onconditionthat(條件......),provided(that)(假設(shè)），等

1、TheWTOcannotliveuptoitsname____itdoesnotincludeacountrythatishometoonefifthofmankind.

A．a(chǎn)slongasB．while

C．ifD．eventhough2、

Itisknowntoallthat_____youexerciseregularly,youwon’tkeepgoodhealth.A.unlessB.aslongasC.althoughD.ifCAConclusion:條件狀語從句中,如果主從句都表將來動作，主句用將來時態(tài)，從句用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài).Ifyoudon’thurryup,youwillmisstheplane.2、unless

相當于ifnot，意思是“除非…”“如果不就…”。Wecan’tgetthereontimeunlesswebooktheearliestflight.=Wecannotgetthereontimeifwedon’tbooktheearliestflight.as/solongas,incase1、IalwaystakesomethingtoreadwhenIgotothedoctor’s________Ihavetowait.2、I’llgo___________________yougo.incaseas/solongas1、Youcanhavemybicycleforafewdays______________youreturnitbySunday.2、___________anythingimportanthappens,pleasecallmeup.3、_________________youhadonemilliondollars,whatwouldyoudo?

onconditionthatIncaseSuppose/Supposingonconditionthat：條件是

incase:萬一

suppose\supposing(that):假設(shè)，如果五、讓步狀語從句Hewentout,_______________itwasraining._________theyarepoor,theybuyagreatmanybooks.Child____heis,hehaslearntadvancedmathematics.though/althoughAlthoughasthough,although,evenif/though,while,nomatter…,whatever,however…,as_______heisachild,hehaslearntadvancedmathematics.Nomatter________happens,don’tbediscouraged.Nomatter______hardhetried,hecouldn’topenthedoor.Nomatter______yougo,youmustwritetoyourparents.Nomatter______youmarryinthefuture,hemustbeanhonestman.howwherewhowhatEvenifthough/although1、一般可互換：主句前可用yet,still,常省略．但不能與but連用。

Though/althoughitsoundsstrange,（yet）itistrue.2、倒裝句和獨立副詞放句末只能用though.Strange__________itmayseem,heremainedsingleallhislife.Itwashardwork,Ienjoyedit,_____.thoughthoughas引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,表示“盡管、雖然”。但從句要倒裝。句型為：

adj./adv./單數(shù)n.(不加冠詞)/v+as+主語+謂語…1、Youngassheis,shecanhelphermother.2、Fastasheruns,heisthelastone.

3、Tryasyoumay,youmightfailaswell.六、目的狀語從句引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有：sothat,inorderthat(為了）forfearthat（以免，以防）Hegotupearly__________________hecouldcatchthebus.____________hecouldcatchthebus,hegotupearly.Istayedathomeallday__________________youcalled.inorderthat/sothatInorderthatsothat,inorderthat,forfearthat,incaseforfearthatConclusion:1、目的狀語從句中的謂語動詞常與情態(tài)動詞can,could,may,might,should等連用。如：

Takethismedicinesothatyoucanrecoversoon.2、inorderthat常用于正式文體，可放于句首，也可放于句中；而sothat往往只放于句中。3、目的狀語從句可以和動詞不定式互換。如：

We’llsitinfrontofthehallsothat/inorderthatwecanhearbetter.=We’llsitinfrontofthehall______________________hearbetter.soasto/inorderto七、結(jié)果狀語從句結(jié)果狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞有：sothat,so…that,such…that1、Iwascaughtinashower,________allmyclothesgotwet.2、It’s____cold_____thelakehasfrozen.3、Thereare______manybooksthere_____Idon’tknowwhichonetoborrow.4、It’s_____goodabook_______I’vereaditagainandagain.5、Itwas_____acoldday_____therewasnobodyonthestreet.6、______coldweatherremainedforthreedays_____Ihadtostayathomealldaylong.sothatsothatsuchthatSuchthatsothatsothatsothat,so…that,such…that1、sothat引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句時，從句中不帶情態(tài)動詞，that有時可省略。如：

Hedidn’tplanhistimewellso(that)hedidn’tfinishhisworkintime.2、當so/such置于句首時，so/such引導(dǎo)的句子要半倒裝。如：

SuchanicemanisMikethatwealllikehim.Soexcitedwashethathecouldnotfallasleep.Conclusion:3、so…that和such…that常用的搭配有：so+adj./adv.+that從句so+adj.+a/an+可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式+that

so+many/much/few/little+n.+thatsuch+a/an+