新高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)練第2部分完形填空與語法填空專題3第1 記敘文_第1頁
新高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)練第2部分完形填空與語法填空專題3第1 記敘文_第2頁
新高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)課時(shí)練第2部分完形填空與語法填空專題3第1 記敘文_第3頁
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完形填空主要考查考生在閱讀理解基礎(chǔ)上運(yùn)用詞匯和語法的能力。在一篇300詞左右的短文中留出20個(gè)空白,要求考生從每題所給的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出正確選項(xiàng),使補(bǔ)全后的短文意思通順,前后連貫,結(jié)構(gòu)完整。年份卷別體裁話題題目類型考查動(dòng)向名詞動(dòng)詞形容詞副詞介詞連詞感嘆詞習(xí)語2022全國乙卷說明文孩子遮住眼睛玩捉迷藏774200001.設(shè)題規(guī)律以動(dòng)詞、名詞為主,其次是形容詞、副詞。著重考查考生的詞匯運(yùn)用能力、閱讀理解能力、分析判斷能力、邏輯推理能力和跨文化交際能力。2.選材特點(diǎn)主題語境包括人與自我、人與自然和人與社會(huì),選材原汁原味,語言地道,充滿正能量,倡導(dǎo)至真至善至美的價(jià)值觀,在具體語境中考查英語核心素養(yǎng)。全國甲卷記敘文因狗結(jié)緣,終成眷屬781300012021全國乙卷記敘文女病人向醫(yī)護(hù)人員致謝610120010全國甲卷記敘文帶辣香腸住酒店4104100012020全國Ⅰ卷夾敘夾議文父母不要對(duì)子女撒謊86321000全國Ⅱ卷記敘文無意中購得兩幅名畫的真跡411320000全國Ⅲ卷夾敘夾議文應(yīng)對(duì)難對(duì)付的顧客38612000綜合分析近年來高考完形填空,考查以記敘文和夾敘夾議文為主,說明文和議論文出現(xiàn)頻率較低。本專題將結(jié)合不同的體裁,分別對(duì)不同的解題技法進(jìn)行點(diǎn)撥。第1講記敘文記敘文類完形填空可分為敘事和記人兩種形式,它們有幾個(gè)顯著的特點(diǎn):以一般過去時(shí)為主,其他時(shí)態(tài)為輔;大量使用動(dòng)詞;適當(dāng)出現(xiàn)直接引語。做題時(shí)要注意以下幾點(diǎn):解題要領(lǐng)內(nèi)容解讀抓住文章中心中心思想有助于明確做題方向,提高針對(duì)性。文章題目揭示中心思想;如無題目,抓文章開頭結(jié)尾,尤其是議論抒情的語句,也可抓住文章的中心。明確敘述角度在做題時(shí)考生可采用“角色滲透法”,這樣有助于走進(jìn)作者的思維,深入理解文章的含義。理清寫作順序記敘文的寫作順序有:順敘、倒敘、插敘、補(bǔ)敘、分?jǐn)?,理清寫作順序有助于了解事情發(fā)展的來龍去脈,從而更迅速、準(zhǔn)確地理解文意。明確寫作要素弄清記敘文的6要素(5W1H),即時(shí)間(when)、地點(diǎn)(where)、人物(who)、事件(what)、原因(why)、結(jié)果(how),抓住這些寫作要素,就基本上抓住了文章的主體。洞悉寫作目的寫作目的是借助敘事、寫人或?qū)懢皝黻U明一個(gè)道理,給人以啟迪或教益。(2022·全國甲)Youcantellalotaboutamanbyhowhetreatshisdogs.Formanyyears,Ienjoyedlivingwithmydogs,TillyandChance.Their41wasnearlyenoughtokeepmylonelinessatbay.Nearly.Lastyear,Istarteddating,butwith42.WhenIfirstdatedSteve,I43hehadadog,Molly,andacat,F(xiàn)lora.WhileIwas44thathewasananimallover,I45thatthreedogswereperhapstoomany,andmydogsmightattack46,thecat.Thenextweekwe47ourdogstogether.Itwasahotday.Whenwepausedtocatchour48,Stevegotdownononeknee.Washeproposing(求婚)?Ilikedhimtoo,butso49?Hepouredwaterfromabottleintohishandandofferedittomydogs.50,Ibegantofallforhim.We51todate,thoughneitherofusbroughtupthefuture.AndtheninlateNovember,Tillyhadanoperationonher52.Itookthedogsoutfourtimesaday,andIworriedthatTilly53climbingthestairscouldreopenthewound.ThenSteve54hishouse.Allworked55.Thethreedogsformedapackthat,withcoaching,56Flora’sspace;SteveandIformedagoodteam57forTilly.Wemadegoodhousemates.Ayearlater,muchtomy58,thismanproducedalittleboxwitharingandproposedtome.Hedidnotkneel(跪)down,nordidI59himto.That’sonlyforgiving60tothedogsthatbroughtustogether.eq\x(語篇解讀這是一篇記敘文。文章講述了寵物狗幫主人促成的“姻緣”。)41.A.ownership B.membershipC.companionship D.leadership答案C解析ownership所有權(quán);membership會(huì)員;companionship陪伴;leadership領(lǐng)導(dǎo)。由上文“Formanyyears,Ienjoyedlivingwithmydogs,TillyandChance.”以及下文“keepmylonelinessatbay”可知,狗狗陪伴著作者,讓作者遠(yuǎn)離孤獨(dú)。故選C項(xiàng)。42.A.reservations B.expectationsC.confidence D.prejudice答案A解析reservation保留;expectation期望;confidence信心;prejudice偏見。由下文的“Hepouredwaterfromabottleintohishandandofferedittomydogs.,Ibegantofallforhim.”可知,作者是在第二周和史蒂夫一起遛狗時(shí),因?yàn)槭返俜虬阉o自己的愛犬喝,作者才對(duì)史蒂夫產(chǎn)生好感,可得出剛開始約會(huì)時(shí),因?yàn)椴皇煜な返俜虻钠沸?,作者還是有所保留的。故選A項(xiàng)。43.A.feared B.doubtedC.hoped D.learned答案D解析fear害怕,恐懼;doubt懷疑;hope希望;learn得知。由語境和常識(shí)可知,第一次約會(huì)時(shí)作者得知史蒂夫有一只狗和一只貓。故選D項(xiàng)。44.A.unsatisfied B.a(chǎn)musedC.terrified D.thrilled答案D解析unsatisfied不滿意的;amused覺得好笑的;terrified害怕的;thrilled非常興奮的。得知史蒂夫是一個(gè)動(dòng)物愛好者,多年和兩只愛犬生活在一起的作者應(yīng)該是感到非常興奮。故選D項(xiàng)。45.A.predicted B.worriedC.regretted D.insisted答案B解析predict預(yù)測(cè);worry擔(dān)心;regret后悔;insist堅(jiān)持。由下文可知,作者認(rèn)為三條狗可能太多了,而且自己的狗可能會(huì)攻擊史蒂夫的貓,針對(duì)這種情況,作者是擔(dān)憂的。故選B項(xiàng)。46.A.Flora B.ChanceC.Molly D.Tilly答案A解析由上文的“hehadadog,Molly,andacat,F(xiàn)lora”可知,此處指作者擔(dān)心自己的狗可能會(huì)攻擊史蒂夫的貓F(tuán)lora。故選A項(xiàng)。47.A.tied B.walkedC.bathed D.fed答案B解析tie系;walk牽著(動(dòng)物)走,遛;bathe給……洗澡;feed喂養(yǎng)。由語境可知,作者和史蒂夫在一起遛狗。故選B項(xiàng)。48.A.breath B.balanceC.a(chǎn)ttention D.imagination答案A解析breath呼吸;balance平衡;attention注意力;imagination想象。由上文“Itwasahotday.Whenwepaused”可知,那天很熱,遛狗的二人停下來休息一下,catchone’sbreath休息一下,歇一口氣。故選A項(xiàng)。49.A.calm B.sureC.soon D.real答案C解析calm冷靜的;sure確定的;soon早,快;real真實(shí)的。由上文“Thenextweek”和“Washeproposing(求婚)?”可知,二人才認(rèn)識(shí)兩周,作者以為史蒂夫要向自己求婚,認(rèn)為進(jìn)展太快了。故選C項(xiàng)。50.A.Bytheway B.InthatcaseC.Byallmeans D.Inthatmoment答案D解析bytheway順便說一句;inthatcase那樣的話;byallmeans務(wù)必;inthatmoment那一刻。由上文“Hepouredwaterfromabottleintohishandandofferedittomydogs.”和下文“Ibegantofallforhim”可知,就在史蒂夫給作者的愛犬喂水喝的那一刻,還有所保留的作者開始對(duì)史蒂夫產(chǎn)生了好感。故選D項(xiàng)。51.A.continued B.decidedC.intended D.pretended答案A解析continue繼續(xù);decide決定;intend打算;pretend假裝。由上文可知,作者對(duì)史蒂夫產(chǎn)生了好感,所以二人會(huì)繼續(xù)約會(huì)。故選A項(xiàng)。52.A.eye B.tailC.ear D.leg答案D解析由下文“IworriedthatTillyclimbingthestairscouldreopenthewound”可知,Tilly的腿做了手術(shù)。故選D項(xiàng)。53.A.secretly B.constantlyC.eventually D.unwillingly答案B解析secretly秘密地;constantly不斷地;eventually最終;unwillingly不情愿地。由上文“Itookthedogsoutfourtimesaday”可知,作者擔(dān)心Tilly不斷地爬樓梯會(huì)使傷口裂開。故選B項(xiàng)。54.A.left B.soldC.suggested D.searched答案C解析leave離開;sell賣;suggest建議;search搜尋。由上文“IworriedthatTillyclimbingthestairscouldreopenthewound”以及下文“Thethreedogsformedapackthat,withcoaching,F(xiàn)lora’sspace”可得出史蒂夫建議作者帶著愛犬去他家。故選C項(xiàng)。55.A.late B.hardC.fine D.free答案C解析late晚;hard艱難地;fine夠好;free免費(fèi)。由下文可知,狗狗們相處友好,作者和史蒂夫相處也很友好,可得出一切都好。故選C項(xiàng)。56.A.emptied B.respectedC.occupied D.discovered答案B解析empty清空;respect尊重;occupy占據(jù);discover發(fā)現(xiàn)。由上下文可知,狗狗們尊重貓的空間。故選B項(xiàng)。57.A.looking B.caringC.waiting D.calling答案B解析由上文“Tillyhadanoperation”可知,作者和史蒂夫組成了一個(gè)照顧術(shù)后康復(fù)的Tilly的團(tuán)隊(duì)。carefor照顧。故選B項(xiàng)。58.A.delight B.creditC.interest D.disadvantage答案A解析delight高興;credit信用;interest興趣;disadvantage缺點(diǎn)。由下文可知,史蒂夫向作者求婚,作者應(yīng)該是感到高興。故選A項(xiàng)。59.A.beg B.trustC.need D.a(chǎn)id答案C解析beg乞求;trust信任;need需要;aid幫助。由下文“That’sonlyforgivingtothedogs”可知,此處表示史蒂夫沒有下跪,作者也不需要他下跪。故選C項(xiàng)。60.A.toys B.a(chǎn)wardsC.food D.water答案D解析toy玩具;award獎(jiǎng)勵(lì);food食物;water水。由上文可知,就在史蒂夫給作者的愛犬喂水喝的那一刻,還有所保留的作者開始對(duì)史蒂夫產(chǎn)生好感,所以是“給愛犬喝水”的舉動(dòng)讓二人走到了一起。故選D項(xiàng)。文本整體感知中心思想文章講述了寵物狗幫主人促成的“姻緣”。敘述角度第一人稱寫作順序順敘(時(shí)間順序)寫作要素dogs,companionship,pouredwater,dating,operation,reopenthewound,caringfor,goodhousemates,kneeldown寫作目的體現(xiàn)了人與自我的主題語境技法一重首句,易入題完形填空的題眼往往出現(xiàn)在文章的開頭。通過把握首句,可以確定文章的主題、背景、人物、時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、事件等,從而把握文章的發(fā)展方向,達(dá)到順利“入題”的目的。本文第一句交代了故事背景和主要角色——人們可以通過人對(duì)待狗的方式判斷一個(gè)人的品性,本文的主要角色是我、我的狗和Steve。由此可推知下文可能要講述我和我的狗與Steve之間的故事。技法二尋復(fù)現(xiàn),找答案對(duì)于完形填空選項(xiàng)的設(shè)置,命題人往往通過原詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)、上下詞復(fù)現(xiàn)等方式重現(xiàn)已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過的詞匯。做題時(shí),在把握語篇、透析語境的前提下,應(yīng)留心選項(xiàng)中是否有與上下文中相對(duì)應(yīng)的詞匯,運(yùn)用詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)技巧快速鎖定答案。本文第46題和60題為原詞復(fù)現(xiàn),由上文acat,F(xiàn)lora可知46題答案,由上文Hepouredwaterfromabottleintohishand可知60題答案。其他詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)方式如下:(1)同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn)——詞形變化的詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)真題體驗(yàn)1(2021·全國乙)Simplysayingthankyoudoesn’tseemenoughincertainsituations.Iwasconsideringthiswhileworkingasa41justafewweeksago.Anditcametomethenhowmucheasieritwouldbeifwehadarangeofwordsthatexpressdifferent42.gradesofgratitude(感謝)....Shewas49foreverythingthatthemedicalandnursingteamhaddoneforher.Onherdayofdischarge,wesharedinher50.delightatherrecovery.Asshewas51.leavingshewaseagertosay52.goodbyetoeachofusinthenursingteam.41.A.cleaner B.chemistC.nurse D.doctor答案C解析cleaner清潔工;chemist化學(xué)家,藥劑師;nurse護(hù)士;doctor醫(yī)生。根據(jù)下文“shewaseagertosaygoodbyetoeachofusinthenursingteam”可推斷,作者是一名護(hù)士(nurse)。nursing與nurse是同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。49.A.grateful B.thoughtfulC.sorrowful D.fearful答案A解析grateful感激的;thoughtful周到的,體貼的;sorrowful悲傷的;fearful擔(dān)心的,害怕的。依據(jù)第一段最后一句中的“gratitude(感謝)”和下文中她的行為可推知,她感激醫(yī)護(hù)人員為她做的一切。grateful與gratitude是同根詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。(2)同/近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)——意思相同、相近的表達(dá)方式或者解釋性的詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)真題體驗(yàn)2(2021·天津3月)He23.offeredtofixbikesfreeofchargeforanyonewhoneededit.Healsoaskedforunwantedbikes,whichhewouldrepairagain24.24.A.byaccident B.inadvanceC.forfree D.oncredit答案C解析byaccident偶然;inadvance提前;forfree免費(fèi);oncredit賒賬。上文提到他主動(dòng)提出為有需要的人免費(fèi)修自行車,根據(jù)空前的again及語境可知,此處指他會(huì)再次免費(fèi)修廢棄的自行車。freeofcharge與forfree是同義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)。(3)反義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)——意思相反或?qū)Ρ刃越忉尩脑~匯復(fù)現(xiàn)真題體驗(yàn)3(2022·新高考全國Ⅱ)Sheandherhusbandhavespentthelasttwoyearstravelingtheworld,stoppingeverywherefromParistoSingapore.Itmightsoundlikeonelong,expensive42.vacation,butthecouplehasanunusualwaytomaketheirtravel43.43.A.safe B.busyC.helpful D.a(chǎn)ffordable答案D解析safe安全的;busy繁忙的;helpful有幫助的;affordable負(fù)擔(dān)得起的。由but可知,此處與上文中的expensive(昂貴的)構(gòu)成反義關(guān)系,也就是“便宜的”或“負(fù)擔(dān)得起的”。(4)上下詞復(fù)現(xiàn)——總括與分述的詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)真題體驗(yàn)4(2020·全國Ⅰ)Sinceourtwinsbeganlearningtowalk...Ihatelyingtothekids...Iwonderif49shouldalwaystellthetruthnomatterthe50.consequences.Ihaveaverystrong51.fearthattheliewe’retellingisdoing52.spiritualdamagetoourchildren.49.A.parents B.twinsC.colleagues D.teachers答案A解析根據(jù)上文中提到的ourtwins,thekids以及下文中的ourchildren可知,此處是指父母(parents)。(5)同場(chǎng)詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)——意義相關(guān)的詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)意義相關(guān)的詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)在同一語篇中,構(gòu)成以某一話題為中心的詞匯鏈,因其共同出現(xiàn)的傾向性,叫“同場(chǎng)”詞匯。同場(chǎng)詞匯之間有反義或相對(duì)關(guān)系,或者同類互補(bǔ)關(guān)系等,如:different與same;cruel與friendly;death與destruction(毀滅);ill,pale,nurse,doctor和operation等。真題體驗(yàn)5(2022·全國乙)Webroughtyoungchildrenaged2-4intoourMindsinDevelopmentLabatUSC.Each47.childsatdownwithanadultwhocoveredherowneyesor48.Wethenaskedthechildifshecould49orheartheadult.Surprisingly,childrenrepliedthattheycouldn’t.Thesame50.thinghappenedwhentheadultcoveredherownmouth:51.Nowchildrensaidthattheycouldn’t52toher.48.A.feet B.noseC.hands D.ears答案D解析foot腳;nose鼻子;hand手;ear耳朵。根據(jù)下文“orheartheadult”可知,實(shí)驗(yàn)中,兒童被詢問是否能聽到成年人的聲音,所以此處表示成年人遮住了自己的耳朵。此處ears與下文中的hear是同場(chǎng)詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)。49.A.see B.helpC.reach D.fool答案A解析see看見;help幫助;reach到達(dá);fool欺騙。根據(jù)上文“anadultwhocoveredherowneyes”可知,成年人遮住了自己的眼睛,所以此處兒童被詢問是否能看見成年人。此處see與上文中的eyes是同場(chǎng)詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)。52.A.speak B.listenC.turn D.wave答案A解析speak說;listen聽;turn轉(zhuǎn);wave揮手。根據(jù)語境,此處表示當(dāng)成年人捂住自己的嘴時(shí),此時(shí)孩子們說不能和成年人說話了。此處speak與上文中的mouth是同場(chǎng)詞匯復(fù)現(xiàn)。技法三看語境,辨詞義語境就是指文章的上下文,著重考查考生根據(jù)上下文提供的信息進(jìn)行分析、推理和判斷的能力??忌ㄟ^上下文的提示或暗示,對(duì)文章進(jìn)行整體把握。因此,在做題時(shí)要有全局觀念,開頭的題目要從下文找答案,中間或最后的題目要從上下文查找信息,即使考查詞組,也是在理解語境前提下的詞義復(fù)現(xiàn)。近幾年的高考真題更側(cè)重于考生對(duì)具體語境的把握,尤其是對(duì)整篇文章語義的理解能力。所設(shè)選項(xiàng)中,三個(gè)干擾項(xiàng)不一定是錯(cuò)誤的,而是不符合所在語篇語言環(huán)境的特點(diǎn),因此突出了語境化和整體性,主要涉及時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方向、情感、動(dòng)作等。本文第52、55題是通過分析上下文語境得知答案的。(1)根據(jù)上文提示真題體驗(yàn)1(2022·全國乙)However,weallwitnessthatpreschoolchildrenareremarkably42.badathiding.Theyoftencoveronlytheireyeswiththeirhands,leavingtherestoftheirbodies43.43.A.exposed B.examinedC.untouched D.imbalanced答案A解析exposed無遮蔽的;examined已檢查過的;untouched未受影響的;imbalanced失衡的。根據(jù)上文語境可知,兒童只是用手遮住了眼睛,身體的其余部分無遮蔽,是暴露在外的。(2)根據(jù)下文提示真題體驗(yàn)2(2022·新高考全國Ⅱ)Thecouplehasahigh51rateingettingacceptedashousesittersandtheyalwaysgobeyondthehomeowner’s52.expectations.ForJessica,thatmeans53.sendingplentyofpicturesofhappypets,keepingthehouse54.cleanandleavinganicesmallgiftbeforeheadingtothenexthouse.“Youwanttomakethehomeownerfeelthattheymadetheright55.decision,”shesays.51.A.success B.survivalC.growth D.unemployment答案A解析success成功;survival幸存;growth成長(zhǎng);unemployment失業(yè)。根據(jù)語境,尤其是后面的“...ingettingacceptedashousesittersandtheyalwaysgobeyondthehomeowner’s52.expectations”所表達(dá)的語氣,可推測(cè)這對(duì)夫婦被接受為看房人的成功率很高。KwaneStewartsteppedoutsideaconveniencestoreinModesto,California,withhismorningcoffeeandspotteda1mansittingwithhisbackagainstthebuilding.A2satintheman’slap.Stewart,avetatananimalshelter,3itsscratched-offfurandchewed-upskin—common4ofanallergicreactiontofleas(跳蚤).Heapproachedthemanand5fleamedicineforthedog’sskin,agifttheman6accepted.“Irememberreturningaweekandahalflater,the7wascomingbackandtherash(皮疹)wasgone,”StewarttoldtheModestoBee.Themansaidhisdogwas8sleepingatnightagainbecauseitwasnolongerstayingup9andchewing.“‘Andyouknow,’hesaid,’I’m10atnight.Iusedtobekeptawake.’Hestartedtocry,thankingmerepeatedly,andIgot11uptoo,”Stewartsays.Stewartwas12.“Whenyougiveback,thereissomethingyougetinreturnthatfeelsmuch13.IknewIwantedtokeepdoingit,”hetold.Stewartcanoftenbefound14darkunderpassesalone,anywherehethinksthehomelessmight15,withhismedicalbagformostofthecaseshecomesacross.Heknowstherearesomepeoplewhoquestion16thehomelessshouldevenhavepets.Howcanthey17themonthestreet?“Ithinkthatmorethan18,theyneedapetandtheydeserveapet,”StewarttoldtheBee.“Theylovetheirpetprobablymorethanthe19person.Because,youknow,theowneristhepet’s20.”eq\x(語篇解讀這是一篇記敘文。講述了一個(gè)名叫Stewart的獸醫(yī)幫助流浪者的寵物的故事。)1.A.sad B.tiredC.sick D.homeless答案D解析sad傷心的;tired疲憊的;sick生病的;homeless無家可歸的。根據(jù)最后一段第一句可知,Stewart看見的是一個(gè)流浪漢。2.A.pet B.dogC.cat D.child答案B解析pet寵物;dog狗;cat貓;child小孩。根據(jù)下文“forthedog’sskin”可知,坐在他腿上的是一條狗。3.A.found B.examinedC.noticed D.felt答案C解析find發(fā)現(xiàn);examine檢查;notice注意;feel感覺。根據(jù)后文“scratched-offfurandchewed-upskin”可知,這是Stewart看到的,notice“注意到”符合語境。4.A.signs B.standardsC.phenomena D.a(chǎn)ppearances答案A解析sign跡象,符號(hào);standard標(biāo)準(zhǔn);phenomenon現(xiàn)象;appearance外表,出現(xiàn)。由前面的破折號(hào)可知,這里起解釋說明的作用,空前“scratched-offfurandchewed-upskin”是對(duì)跳蚤過敏的跡象。5.A.wanted B.a(chǎn)ttemptedC.promised D.offered答案D解析want想要;attempt嘗試;promise承諾,答應(yīng);offer提供,主動(dòng)提出。看到狗對(duì)跳蚤過敏的皮毛,在狗主人沒求助的情況下,獸醫(yī)Stewart主動(dòng)給了主人藥物。6.A.formally B.possiblyC.readily D.unwillingly答案C解析formally正式地;possibly可能地;readily樂意地;unwillingly不愿意地。看著狗狗遭罪,主人是很心疼卻無能為力的,所以一旦有免費(fèi)藥物,他肯定“欣然”接受。7.A.memory B.hairC.man D.time答案B解析memory記憶;hair毛發(fā);man男人;time時(shí)間。在用了Stewart給的藥物之后,狗之前抓破的“皮毛”又恢復(fù)了。8.A.finally B.a(chǎn)lwaysC.rarely D.immediately答案A解析finally最后,終于;always總是;rarely少有地,罕見地;immediately立刻。在用了Stewart給的藥物之后,狗不再熬夜抓撓、亂咬,所以“終于”能睡覺了。9.A.playing B.runningC.scratching D.consuming答案C解析play玩,演奏,扮演;run跑,經(jīng)營(yíng);scratch抓,撓;consume消耗,吞噬。從上文“scratched-offfurandchewed-upskin”得知,對(duì)跳蚤過敏的癥狀就是scratch和chew,那么用藥后這兩個(gè)癥狀會(huì)緩解。10.A.sleeping B.cryingC.suffering D.wondering答案A解析sleep睡覺;cry哭;suffer受苦;wonder想知道。根據(jù)下一句可知,之前狗整夜睡不著,主人也是一夜無眠。現(xiàn)在狗的過敏癥狀消失了,主人自然也就能睡著了。11.A.set B.cheeredC.choked D.warmed答案C解析set放,設(shè)置,安排;cheer喝彩,加油;choke使噎住,使哽咽;warm使暖和。根據(jù)前一句可知,狗主人因感激而痛哭,再根據(jù)后面的“too”可知,Stewart也被感染哭了。C項(xiàng)“哽咽”與此同義。12.A.hooked B.determinedC.worried D.a(chǎn)nnoyed答案A解析hooked著迷的;determined堅(jiān)定的;worried擔(dān)心的;annoyed惱怒的。從后一句Stewart說的話可推斷,Stewart對(duì)做此類善事著迷了,會(huì)一直做下去。13.A.larger B.harderC.funnier D.truer答案A解析larger更大的;harder更難的;funnier更有趣的;truer更真實(shí)的。從后一句可知,Stewart認(rèn)為幫助別人是一件值得堅(jiān)持做的事情,會(huì)讓自己得到更大的回報(bào),正如“贈(zèng)人玫瑰,手留余香”。14.A.watching B.wanderingC.circling D.clearing答案B解析watch看,監(jiān)視;wander漫游,閑逛;circle環(huán)行,轉(zhuǎn)圈;clear清理,清除。從上文推斷,Stewart經(jīng)常在黑暗的地下通道轉(zhuǎn)一轉(zhuǎn),看有沒有需要幫助的流浪者。15.A.moveout B.stayupC.comefrom D.campout答案D解析moveout搬出;stayup熬夜;comefrom來自;campout露宿。根據(jù)常識(shí),流浪者經(jīng)常住在黑暗的地下通道,在那里扎營(yíng)。16.A.whether B.whenC.where D.how答案A解析whether是否;when何時(shí);where何地;how如何。根據(jù)空前的question可知,關(guān)于流浪者是否要養(yǎng)寵物,人們有不同的觀點(diǎn),此處“是否”符合語境。17.A.lookfor B.belongtoC.a(chǎn)daptto D.carefor答案D解析lookfor尋找;belongto屬于;adaptto適應(yīng);carefor喜歡,照料。人們認(rèn)為流浪者連住所都沒有,無法好好“照顧”寵物們。18.A.somebody B.a(chǎn)nybodyC.everybody D.nobody答案B解析somebody有人,某人;anybody任何人;everybody每個(gè)人;nobody沒有人,無名之輩。從下文推斷,此處指Stewart將流浪者與其他人進(jìn)行比較,表明他們更需要寵物,比“任何人”都需要。19.A.generous B.a(chǎn)verageC.healthy D.normal答案B解析generous慷慨的,大方的;average平均的,普通的;healthy健康的;normal正常的。根據(jù)上一句可推斷,流浪者也會(huì)比其他“普通人”更愛寵物。20.A.support B.loveC.home D.joy答案C解析support支持;love摯愛;home家;joy快樂。同樣無家可歸,主人和寵物之間彼此相依為命,因?yàn)闆]有住所,主人就是寵物的“家”。強(qiáng)化練(二十一)記敘文(1)A(2022·安徽馬鞍山二模)Itwas4-year-oldDarrin’sfirstchiropracticadjustment(脊椎矯正術(shù)).Hewasafraid,asmostchildrenareontheirfirstvisittoany1.Butifyougainchildren’s2andtakethetimetodevelopagoodrelationship,youcandoanythingwiththeircomplete3.Oneofthe4Ifindmostusefulistoshowaninterestinachild’sspecialtoy.Whenyoutouch,hugandlovetheir5toy,youopenthedoortotheirheart.Ihavegiventhousandsofchiropracticadjustmentstoteddybears,Barbiedollsandfiretrucks—younameit,I’ve6it.Darrin’s7,however,wasdifferent.IhadtoldDarrin’smotherto8hisfavoritetoy,butwhenI9aboutit,shesaid,“Sorry,Dr.Stillwagon.Darrin’sfavoriteplaytoyisouruprightvacuumsweeper(立式吸塵器),andIjustcouldn’tfeel10comingtotheofficewithit.”“Waitjustaminute,”Isaid,thenIwentout,gotouruprightvacuumsweeperand11theadjustingroom.Iintroducedhimtoourvacuumsweeper,12himtoplaywithit.Ourexamination13involvestheuseofahand-heldscannertomonitorthepatient’sprogress.Itookthescannerand14itthefulllengthoftheuprightvacuumsweeper.Ithenplacedthesweeperontheadjustingtableand15toadjustit.Darrinwatchedmyevery16.Itoldhimthatthesweeperwouldsoonfeel17.Darrinwasnext.Fullofconfidence,hesatonthechairforthescan,andthen18satontheadjustingtable.Wehadbecome19,andIhadadjustedmy20uprightvacuumsweeper!語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。講述了作者給一個(gè)特別的小患者——把立式吸塵器當(dāng)作心愛玩具的4歲男孩達(dá)林做脊椎矯正的故事。1.A.teacher B.doctorC.policeman D.fireman答案B解析teacher老師;doctor醫(yī)生;policeman警察;fireman消防員??涨耙痪湔f這是4歲的達(dá)林第一次進(jìn)行脊椎矯正,因此此處是說去看醫(yī)生。2.A.company B.resistanceC.trust D.sympathy答案C解析company陪伴;resistance抵制;trust信任;sympathy同情。根據(jù)空后的“takethetimetodevelopgoodrelationship”可知,此處指贏得孩子的信任,并花時(shí)間發(fā)展良好的關(guān)系。3.A.cooperation B.instructionC.a(chǎn)dmiration D.protection答案A解析cooperation配合,合作;instruction指示;admiration欽佩;protection保護(hù)。根據(jù)空前的“youcandoanything”可知,你可以在他們的完全配合下做任何事情,包括脊椎矯正。4.A.techniques B.projectsC.regulations D.experiments答案A解析technique技巧,方法;project項(xiàng)目;regulation規(guī)章;experiment試驗(yàn)。根據(jù)空后的“toshowaninterestinachild’sspecialtoy”可知,對(duì)孩子的特殊玩具表現(xiàn)出興趣是發(fā)展與小患者之間良好關(guān)系的有效方法。5.A.hand-made B.costlyC.household D.favored答案D解析hand-made手工制作的;costly昂貴的;household家用的;favored受到寵愛的,稱心如意的。與上文的specialtoy呼應(yīng),此處指“心愛的玩具”。6.A.created B.a(chǎn)ffordedC.a(chǎn)djusted D.exhibited答案C解析create創(chuàng)造;afford負(fù)擔(dān)得起;adjust調(diào)整,矯正;exhibit展出。由空前的“Ihavegiventhousandsofchiropracticadjustmentstoteddybears...”可知,此處指作者以前給喜歡泰迪熊、芭比娃娃或者消防車的小患者做過無數(shù)次脊椎矯正,此處應(yīng)用adjusted對(duì)應(yīng)前文adjustments。7.A.appearance B.reactionC.illness D.situation答案D解析appearance外表;reaction反應(yīng);illness疾病;situation情況。根據(jù)下一段中“Darrin’sfavoriteplaytoyisouruprightvacuumsweeper(立式吸塵器)”可知,達(dá)林最喜歡的玩具很特別,是家里的立式吸塵器,因此他的情況與以往那些喜歡泰迪熊、芭比娃娃或者消防車的小患者不同。8.A.bring B.buyC.polish D.operate答案A解析bring帶來;buy購買;polish改進(jìn);operate操作。上文說作者總結(jié)出對(duì)孩子的特殊玩具表現(xiàn)出興趣是發(fā)展與小患者之間的良好關(guān)系、讓他們積極配合做脊椎矯正手術(shù)的有效方法,因此作者讓達(dá)林的媽媽把他最喜歡的玩具帶到醫(yī)院來。9.A.warned B.a(chǎn)skedC.dreamed D.a(chǎn)rgued答案B解析warn警告;ask詢問;dream夢(mèng)想;argue爭(zhēng)論。根據(jù)空后達(dá)林媽媽的回答可知,作者問起了玩具的事。10.A.bitter B.a(chǎn)mbitiousC.embarrassed D.comfortable答案D解析bitter苦的;ambitious有抱負(fù)的;embarrassed尷尬的;comfortable舒適的。根據(jù)語境和常識(shí)可知,把孩子最喜歡的玩具——立式吸塵器帶到醫(yī)院讓人感覺不太舒服(不太合適)。11.A.painted B.decoratedC.cleaned D.entered答案D解析paint涂漆;decorate裝飾;clean清潔;enter進(jìn)入。小患者要做脊椎矯正,主治醫(yī)生自然要進(jìn)入矯正室給他做檢查。12.A.begging B.encouragingC.forcing D.forbidding答案B解析beg乞求;encourage鼓勵(lì);force強(qiáng)迫;forbid禁止。根據(jù)語境,小患者在矯正室做脊椎檢查自然是緊張害怕,因此作者鼓勵(lì)他玩自己最喜歡的玩具,以減少緊張感。13.A.procedure B.standardC.result D.paper答案A解析procedure步驟,程序;standard標(biāo)準(zhǔn);result結(jié)果;paper資料,文件。根據(jù)空后的“involvestheuseofahand-heldscannertomonitorthepatient’sprogress”可知,此處指“檢查程序”。14.A.covered B.testedC.ran D.dug答案C解析cover覆蓋;test測(cè)試;run使運(yùn)行,操作;dig挖。根據(jù)空后的“itthefulllengthoftheuprightvacuumsweeper”可知,作者用掃描器對(duì)整個(gè)立式吸塵器進(jìn)行掃描。15.A.declined B.failedC.learned D.pretended答案D解析decline拒絕;fail失??;learn學(xué)習(xí);pretend假裝。根據(jù)上下文語境可知,作者是為了減輕達(dá)林的緊張感而假裝在矯正吸塵器。16.A.design B.planC.move D.programme答案C解析design設(shè)計(jì);plan計(jì)劃;move舉動(dòng);programme規(guī)劃??涨耙痪湔f作者把吸塵器放在矯正臺(tái)上,假裝在矯正,因此達(dá)林盯著作者的一舉一動(dòng),看他是怎么操作的。17.A.wiser B.betterC.tidier D.tighter答案B解析wiser更明智的;better更好的;tidier更整潔的;tighter更緊的。根據(jù)語境,作者告訴達(dá)林,經(jīng)過矯正后,吸塵器馬上就會(huì)好起來的。18.A.mindlessly B.nervouslyC.fearlessly D.hesitatingly答案C解析mindlessly愚蠢地;nervously緊張地;fearlessly勇敢地,無畏地;hesitatingly躊躇地??催^作者對(duì)他喜歡的玩具的一番操作之后,達(dá)林放松了許多,滿懷信心地坐在椅子上等待掃描,然后勇敢地坐在矯正臺(tái)上。19.A.friends B.neighborsC.competitors D.colleagues答案A解析friend朋友;neighbor鄰居;competitor對(duì)手;colleague同事。根據(jù)上下文語境可知,在輕松的氛圍中,作者和小患者成了朋友,而不僅僅是醫(yī)患關(guān)系。20.A.solid B.firstC.best D.new答案B解析solid固體的;first第一(個(gè))的;best最好的;new新的。根據(jù)上文可知,達(dá)林最喜歡的玩具很特別,是立式吸塵器,此處一語雙關(guān),作者永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記這個(gè)特別的小患者——他遇到的第一個(gè)把立式吸塵器當(dāng)作心愛玩具的小孩。B(2022·河南許昌一模)Ifnotforthekindnessofastranger,Jamaicanhurdler(跨欄運(yùn)動(dòng)員)HansleParchmentmaynotbeaTokyoOlympicgoldmedalisttoday.The31-year-oldathletetookthe1busonthedayofhissemi-finalrace.2inenjoyingmusic,hedidn’trealizeit.“BythetimeI3,Irealized,’No,thisbusisnotgoingtherightway.’I’mnotfamiliarwiththese4,”hesaid.Runningoutoftimequickly,to5anotherbustotherightplacewasalmostimpossible.Thehurdlerexplainedhowhemetagamesvolunteerwhopaidhistaxifaretogethimtohis6.Becauseofher,hemadeitwithenoughtimeto7—andthencompetedinthemen’s110-meterracethat8himgoldandhisbesttimeoftheseason.Parchmentwas9tosharethevictorywiththepersonwhohelpedhim.Parchmentboardedthebusthathad10himtothesamearea—thistime11—androdebacktofindthestrangernamedTrijanaStojkovic.He12her,pulledouthismedalandthankedher.“Youwere13inmegettingtothefinalthatday,”hetoldher,14herthemedalforhertosee.Parchmentalsoshowedhis15bygivingStojkovicaJamaicanOlympicpoloshirtand16themoneyshehadgivenhim.Andthethanksdidn’t17there:Jamaica’sMinistryofTourismsentanofficial18tovisittheisland.Stojkoviclaterpostedapictureofherself19theshirtonherInstagram.“Thisisagreat20fromdearHansle.Perfect!”shewrote.語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。講述了牙買加跨欄運(yùn)動(dòng)員漢斯勒·帕吉門特HansleParchment坐錯(cuò)了去賽場(chǎng)的公共汽車,在時(shí)間剩余不多之際,得到了一位善良的奧運(yùn)志愿者的幫助,使他及時(shí)趕到了賽場(chǎng),并最后贏得了金牌。1.A.regular B.wrongC.punctual D.final答案B解析regular有規(guī)律的;wrong錯(cuò)誤的;punctual準(zhǔn)時(shí)的;final最終的。根據(jù)下文可知,帕吉門特乘錯(cuò)了公共汽車。2.A.Lost B.ExperiencedC.Skillful D.Successful答案A解析lost迷失的;experienced有經(jīng)驗(yàn)的;skillful熟練的;successful成功的。根據(jù)下文“hedidn’trealizeit”可知,帕吉門特沉浸在聽音樂中沒有意識(shí)到乘錯(cuò)了公共汽車。belostin“沉浸于”,是固定短語。3.A.lookedup B.calmeddownC.walkedaround D.wentahead答案A解析lookup抬頭,向上看;calmdown鎮(zhèn)靜下來;walkaround四處走動(dòng);goahead前進(jìn)。根據(jù)上文“inenjoyingmusic,hedidn’trealizeit.”可推斷,帕吉門特一直在低頭聽音樂,直到他抬頭看時(shí)才發(fā)現(xiàn)坐錯(cuò)了車。4.A.seats B.a(chǎn)thletesC.citizens D.surroundings答案D解析seat座位;athlete運(yùn)動(dòng)員;citizen市民;surroundings周圍環(huán)境。根據(jù)上文可知,帕吉門特坐錯(cuò)了公共汽車,因此推斷他不熟悉周圍的環(huán)境。5.A.follow B.grabC.drive D.order答案B解析follow跟隨;grab抓住,趕上;drive開車;order命令。根據(jù)下文“anotherbustotherightplace”可知,隨著時(shí)間的快速流逝,趕上另一輛公共汽車去目的地幾乎是不可能的。6.A.bus B.islandC.race D.house答案C解析bus公共汽車;island島嶼;race賽跑,比賽;house房子。根據(jù)下文可推斷,志愿者幫助他趕上了參加跨欄比賽。7.A.cheerup B.thinkoverC.takeoff D.warmup答案D解析cheerup振作起來;thinkover仔細(xì)考慮;takeoff離開;warmup做準(zhǔn)備活動(dòng)。根據(jù)下文“thencompeteinthemen’s110-meterrace”可知,參加跨欄比賽之前要做準(zhǔn)備活動(dòng)。8.A.earned B.sentC.a(chǎn)warded D.offered答案A解析earn(使)贏得;send送,派遣;award獎(jiǎng)勵(lì),授予;offer提供。根據(jù)上下文可知,他贏得了跨欄金牌。9.A.hesitant B.satisfiedC.careful D.determined答案D解析hesitant猶豫的;satisfied滿足的;careful小心的;determined有決心的,堅(jiān)定的。根據(jù)下文可知,帕吉門特在尋找?guī)椭哪莻€(gè)人,因此推斷他決定和這個(gè)人分享他的勝利。10.A.turned B.deliveredC.drawn D.welcomed答案B解析turn轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng);deliver運(yùn)載,遞送;draw拖,拉;welcome歡迎。根據(jù)常識(shí)可知,公共汽車應(yīng)是運(yùn)送他到某個(gè)地方。11.A.mistakenly B.preciselyC.casually D.intentionally答案D解析mistakenly錯(cuò)誤地;precisely精確地;casually偶然地;intentionally有意地。根據(jù)上下文可知,帕吉門特上次乘錯(cuò)了公共汽車,這次再乘坐同一輛車是有意的,因?yàn)樗胍獙ふ規(guī)椭娜恕?2.A.approached B.invitedC.interviewed D.convinced答案A解析approach接近,走近;invite邀請(qǐng);interview面試;convince使信服。根據(jù)下文“pulledouthismedalandthankedher”可知,他走近她,拿出來獎(jiǎng)牌給她看,并表示感謝。13.A.right B.vitalC.wise D.friendly答案B解析right正確的;vital至關(guān)重要的;wise明智的;friendly友好的。根據(jù)上文可知,這個(gè)陌生人付錢給出租車司機(jī)讓帕吉門特及時(shí)趕到了賽場(chǎng),參加了半決賽,因此推斷,他在說她對(duì)于他能夠進(jìn)入決賽是至關(guān)重要的。14.A.saving B.returningC.handing D.leaving答案C解析save挽救;return返回;hand遞給;leave離開。根據(jù)下文“forhertosee”可知,應(yīng)是把金牌遞給她看。15.A.gratitude B.a(chǎn)mbitionC.regret D.concern答案A解析gratitude感激;ambition抱負(fù);regret遺憾;concern關(guān)心,關(guān)注。根據(jù)語境和下文“bygivingStojkovicaJamaicanOlympicpoloshirt”可知,帕吉門特感激斯托科維奇。16.A.counting B.checkingC.repaying D.bidding答案C解析count數(shù)數(shù);check檢查;repay償還;bid努力爭(zhēng)取。根據(jù)上文“agamesvolunteerwhopaidhistaxifare”和下文“themoneyshehadgivenhim”可知,帕吉門特償還了斯托科維奇為他付的出租車錢。17.A.cancel B.spreadC.stop D.continue答案C解析cancel取消;spread傳播;stop停止;continue繼續(xù)。根據(jù)下文可知,感謝還沒有停止,牙買加旅游部發(fā)出了官方邀請(qǐng)。18.A.notice B.invitationC.decision D.a(chǎn)genda答案B解析notice通知;invitation邀請(qǐng);decision決定;agenda議事日程。根據(jù)下文“tovisittheisland”可知,牙買加旅游部發(fā)出訪問該島的官方邀請(qǐng)。19.A.displaying B.a(chǎn)dvertisingC.holding D.wearing答案D解析display展示;advertise為……做廣告;hold持有,容納;wear穿戴。根據(jù)上文“postedapictureofherself”可知,斯托科維奇穿著帕吉門特送的隊(duì)服拍了一張照片。20.A.comfort B.helpC.gift D.blessing答案C解析comfort令人安慰的事物;help有幫助的事物;gift禮物;blessing幸事,福祉。根據(jù)上文“bygivingStojkovicaJamaicanOlympicpoloshirt”可知,隊(duì)服是帕吉門特送給斯托科維奇的禮物。強(qiáng)化練(二十二)記敘文(2)A(2022·天津西青區(qū)一模)WhenIwasachild,mymotherdidn’tforcemetoeateverythinginmydish.ShesaidIhadto1everyfoodthreetimes.Her2wasthefirsttimetotryit,thesecondtimetogetoverthefactthatyouhadjusttriedit,andthethirdto3thatyoudon’tlikeit.Afterthat,ifIstill4thetaste,shewould5makemeeatitagain.Herreasonableapproach6almosteverytime—exceptwithbananas,whichIstilldon’teatnow.AsIgrewolder,Ibroughtthatsimple7intomylife.Ihadbeen8thediving(跳水)boardatthepool,butIhad9tomakethefirstjumpofftheboard.WhenIbreathedinwater,mymotherjumpedinto10me.Beforeshecouldevenreachme,Iwasupandoutofthepool,headingbacktothatdivingboard.Ijumpedoff11.Morecoughingfollowed,butIwasdeterminedtogetoverthefear.WhenI12thepoolthesecondtime,mymomtriedtocovermewithatowel.13,Ithrewoffthetoweland14trying.Thethirdtimetherewasno15andnowaterinmynose.Infact,therewere16fromtheothersatthepool.Atthatpoint,Ifellinlovewiththepool.Inmymid-thirties,I17asuccessfuljobthatdidn’tsatisfymeinordertoachievemydreamofbeingawriter.Havingbeen18twice,Itriedforathirdtime.Ihavebeenhappilylivingthelifeofawritereversince.Weareallafraidofsomething19.Buthowcanwebesurethatsomethingwon’tbe20unlesswegiveitatry?語篇解讀這是一篇記敘文。文章主要通過作者的親身經(jīng)歷講述了一個(gè)道理:如果我們不去嘗試,我們?cè)趺茨艽_定某件事沒有樂趣呢?1.A.smell B.cookC.try D.share答案C解析smell聞;cook烹飪;try嘗試;share分享。根據(jù)句意和語境可知,媽媽要求作者對(duì)于食物,需要嘗試三次再?zèng)Q定“喜惡”,且對(duì)應(yīng)后文提及的“youhadjusttriedit”。2.A.reason B.decisionC.dream D.order答案A解析reason理由;decision決定;dream夢(mèng)想;order命令。根據(jù)句意和語境可知,后文是在解釋為什么要求作者嘗試三次,表示理由(reason)。3.A.pointout B.makesureC.a(chǎn)gree D.imagine答案B解析pointout指出;makesure確保,確定;agree同意;imagine想象。根據(jù)句意和語境可知,第三次嘗試是為了確定作者本人不喜歡這種食物。4.A.remembered B.requiredC.missed D.hated答案D解析remember記得;require要求;miss思念,錯(cuò)過;hate討厭。根據(jù)句意和語境可知,所選詞應(yīng)與前文“don’tlike”表達(dá)含義一致。5.A.even B.neverC.still D.ever答案B解析even甚至;never絕不,從不;still仍然,還;ever曾經(jīng)。根據(jù)句意和語境可知,媽媽不強(qiáng)迫作者吃掉盤子里所有的東西,因此,如果作者已確定不喜歡的東西,媽媽就不會(huì)再讓作者吃。6.A.worked B.changedC.formed D.developed答案A解析work工作,起作用;change改變;form形成;develop發(fā)展。根據(jù)句意和語境可知,句子主語為“approach(方法)”,對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)作應(yīng)是“有效果/有作用(work)”。7.A.answer B.planC.game D.rule答案D解析answer答案;plan計(jì)劃;game游戲;rule方法,規(guī)則。根據(jù)句意和語境可知,此處的名詞之前有限定詞that,因此,所選詞應(yīng)與前文提及的approach為同義詞,rule可以理解為“方法,規(guī)則”。8.A.excitedabout B.a(chǎn)fraidofC.boredwith D.proudof答案B解析(be)excitedabout對(duì)……興奮;(be)afraidof害怕;(be)boredwith對(duì)……厭倦;(be)proudof為……而感到驕傲。根據(jù)后文“Atthatpoint,Ifellinlovewiththepool.”可知,作者剛開始對(duì)于跳水是恐懼的(beafraidof)。9.A.hoped B.waitedC.managed D.continued答案C解析hope希望;wait等待;manage設(shè)法(做成某事);continue繼續(xù)。根據(jù)后文“WhenIbreathedinwater”可知,作者已經(jīng)設(shè)法完成了第一次跳水。10.A.help B.watchC.warn

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