新高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)課時練第1部分閱讀理解與閱讀七選五專題1第1 題型突破細(xì)節(jié)理解題 (含解析)

閱讀是我國考生學(xué)習(xí)和使用外語最主要的途徑，因此，閱讀理解在試卷中所占比重較大。該部分要求考生讀懂熟悉的有關(guān)日常生活話題的簡短文字材料，例如：公告、說明、廣告以及書、報、雜志中關(guān)于一般性話題的簡短文章?？忌鷳?yīng)能：1.理解主旨要義；2.理解文中具體信息；3.根據(jù)上下文推斷單詞和短語的含義；4.根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容做出判斷和理解；5.理清文章的基本結(jié)構(gòu)；6.理解作者的意圖、觀點和態(tài)度。年份卷別體裁題目類型命題專家談高考細(xì)節(jié)理解推理判斷詞句猜測主旨大意2022全國乙卷應(yīng)用文·夾敘夾議文說明文·說明文76111.文章題材豐富英語試卷中所有語篇都圍繞“人與自我”“人與社會”以及“人與自然”三大主題語境，題材涉及故事、科普、人文、社會現(xiàn)象、文化活動等。2.短文體裁廣泛短文體裁包括記敘文、說明文、議論文、應(yīng)用文和新聞報道等。3.題型分布不均近3年全國卷高考閱讀理解以突出考查考生理解和運用語言解決問題的基本能力。以考查細(xì)節(jié)理解、推理判斷為主，以考查詞句猜測、主旨大意為輔。4.語篇特點鮮明(1)原汁原味：高考語篇一般選自各大主流英文報刊和媒體網(wǎng)站，新材料盡量原汁原味。(2)詞匯量大：高考語篇詞匯量豐富，含有大量的派生詞、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換詞、熟詞生義詞以及英語短語和習(xí)語。(3)長難句多：高考語篇含有大量的長句和難句，句子結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜。全國甲卷應(yīng)用文·說明文記敘文·夾敘夾議文9213新高考全國Ⅰ卷應(yīng)用文·說明文說明文·說明文67112021全國乙卷應(yīng)用文·說明文記敘文·說明文7512全國甲卷說明文·說明文記敘文·議論文6612新高考全國Ⅰ卷應(yīng)用文·記敘文說明文·議論文93122020全國Ⅰ卷應(yīng)用文·夾敘夾議文說明文·說明文7512全國Ⅱ卷應(yīng)用文·說明文說明文·記敘文10122全國Ⅲ卷應(yīng)用文·記敘文說明文·說明文8313新高考全國Ⅰ卷應(yīng)用文·記敘文說明文·說明文6522根據(jù)表格分析可知，近年來閱讀理解體裁以應(yīng)用文、記敘文和說明文為主，議論文和新聞報道為輔，其中科普知識類和生態(tài)環(huán)保類的說明文更是考生的難題；題型考查中細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷題所占比重較大，詞句猜測和主旨大意題所占比重較小。各類閱讀理解中的長難句日益增多，因此，在復(fù)習(xí)備考中，我們應(yīng)該著重從題型、體裁和微技能三方面進行高效復(fù)習(xí)。第1講題型突破——細(xì)節(jié)理解題細(xì)節(jié)理解題相對比較簡單，但在高考閱讀理解中占了60%的比重。細(xì)節(jié)理解題常分為直接信息題、間接信息題、數(shù)字計算題、細(xì)節(jié)排序題和正誤判斷題。分析近三年的高考真題可知：直接信息題和間接信息題為高頻考點，其他皆為低頻考點。設(shè)問方式1．特殊疑問句形式。以when，where，what，which，who，howmuch/many等疑問詞引出問題。2．判斷是非形式。含有TRUE/FALSE，NOTtrue或EXCEPT等的判斷是非問題。此時要注意題干中是否含有否定詞，如not，never等。3．以“Accordingto...”開頭的提問形式。4．填空形式。如Thebiggestchallengeformostmothersisfrom________.選項特征技法一直接信息題——定位比對找答案直接信息題常以應(yīng)用文的形式出現(xiàn)在考題中，涉及的話題有：廣告類、活動安排類、書籍或電影介紹類、演出信息類等。設(shè)問方式多為以5W1H(what，who，when，where，why和how)等開頭的特殊疑問句。解此類試題常用“定位比對”法。解題流程如下：(2022·新高考全國Ⅰ·A片段)LateWorkAnessaynotsubmittedinclassontheduedatewilllosealettergradeforeachclassperioditislate.Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate，itwillearnazero.Dailyassignmentsnotcompletedduringclasswillgetazero.Shortwritingsmissedasaresultofanexcusedabsencewillbeaccepted.23．Whatwillhappenifyousubmitanessayoneweekaftertheduedate?A．Youwillreceiveazero.B．Youwilllosealettergrade.C．Youwillbegivenatest.D．Youwillhavetorewriteit.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。一、在題干中標(biāo)注定位詞submitanessayoneweekaftertheduedate，二、在原文中找出信息句，即LateWork部分“Ifitisnotturnedinbythe4thdayaftertheduedate，itwillearnazero”，三、比對選項與信息句，可知答案為A。技法二間接信息題——同義轉(zhuǎn)換定答案間接信息題常在記敘文、說明文或議論文中考查，會涉及“人與自我”“人與社會”和“人與自然”三大主題語境。設(shè)問方式1．Accordingtotheauthor/passage，...2．Whatcanwelearnabout...?此類試題相比直接信息題，命題的隱蔽性更強，正確選項一般都會在原文基礎(chǔ)上進行改造。解答間接信息題時，要做到“兩關(guān)注”“一防范”。“兩關(guān)注”是指關(guān)注正確選項的兩個特征：一是同義詞替換或釋義，即把文中的語言(詞匯和結(jié)構(gòu))改頭換面，來表達(dá)相同的意思；二是對文章信息的歸納?！耙环婪丁笔侵阜婪陡蓴_選項的逼真性，稍有不慎就會落入命題人設(shè)置的陷阱中。解此類試題常用“同義轉(zhuǎn)換”法。解題流程如下：(2022·全國甲·B片段)Goffin’scockatoos，akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia，havebeenshowntohavesimilarshape-recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo-year-old.Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild，thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.Inarecentexperiment，cockatooswerepresentedwithaboxwithanutinsideit.Theclearfrontoftheboxhada“keyhole”inageometricshape，andthebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped“keys”tochoosefrom.Insertingthecorrect“key”wouldletoutthenut.24．Howdidthecockatoosgetthenutfromtheboxintheexperiment?A．Byfollowinginstructions.B．Byusingatool.C．Byturningtheboxaround.D．Byremovingthelid.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。一讀題干，鎖定關(guān)鍵詞，即How，getthenut；二掃原文，鎖定信息區(qū)間，即第一段中的“Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild，thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.”和“...thebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped‘keys’tochoosefrom.Insertingthecorrect‘key’wouldletoutthenut.”，B項是對信息區(qū)間的同義描述，即在實驗中，鳳頭鸚鵡是通過使用工具從盒子里取出堅果的。故選B。技法三數(shù)字計算題——整合推算得答案數(shù)字計算題一般會涉及時間、年齡、價錢、數(shù)量、距離等的簡單計算。一般來說，計算量都比較小，容易計算。但是英語閱讀中的數(shù)字計算必須要找出計算背后所隱含的信息。這些“暗”信息會涉及對某個難句的理解，從這個角度上講，理解文中相應(yīng)的復(fù)雜句是解這類題的關(guān)鍵。數(shù)字計算題的話題有：1.廣告類；2.故事類；3.科普知識類；4.史地自然類；5.文化教育類。設(shè)問方式以when，inwhichyear，howmany/much等疑問詞(組)開頭引出問題。解此類試題常用“整合推算”法。解題流程如下：(2022·全國乙·A片段)Admission￡4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree.22．Howmuchwouldacouplewithtwochildrenunder12payforadmission?A．￡4. B．￡8.C．￡12. D．￡16.答案B解析數(shù)字計算題。一讀題干尋找關(guān)鍵詞acouplewithtwochildrenunder12，二在Admission部分中標(biāo)記￡4.Childrenunder12yearsaccompaniedbyanadultareadmittedfree，三用加法推算答案，即一對夫婦應(yīng)付4＋4＝8(英鎊)，兩個12歲以下的兒童在成人陪同下免費，即入場費為8英鎊。故選B。A(外刊閱讀·原創(chuàng)題)選自(https：//.au/news/real-life/vitiligo-aboriginal-model-65734)Theafternoonsunshonedownonmydaughter，Syriah，13，whileIpainted.Iwatchedasthewarmrayslitupherskin，creatingabeautifulpattern.ButSyriahwasbornwithvitiligo，aconditionthatcausesthelossofskincolourinpatches(小塊)alloverherbody.Althoughalotofpeoplewithvitiligostrugglewithconfidenceissues，Syriahwasnotoneofthem，comfortablefromthemomentitstartedshowingatfouryearsold.Itwasinspiring.Theoldershegot，themoreshetoldmeaboutherhobbyofmodellingbutlivinginasmalltown，itwasn’teasy.Paintinghadalwaysbeenabigpartofmylife.AlthoughIdiditforfun，peoplewerealwaysaskingmeifmyworkswereforsale.ThenIdecidedtogoforit，makingaFacebookpagetosellmycreations.Iwantedtosetupalegacy(遺產(chǎn))formykidsandhelpbuildthemsomethingfortheirfuture.Oneday，IreceivedamessagefromawomannamedAna.Interested，IcontactedherandsheexplainedshewasthecreatorofLondonPacificFashionWeek，aneventwheredesignerscanlaunchtheirbrandsduringLondonFashionWeek.“Iwantyoutocreateafashionlineforarunwayshow，”shesaid，explainingthatthey’dgettosearchfortheirownmodelstoo.Suddenly，IthoughtofSyriah’smodellingambition.Whatifthiscouldgetherstarted?Soonafter，AnaconnectedwithmeonFacebookandcameacrossthephotosI’dtakenofSyriah.“Howwouldyoufeelaboutyourdaughtermodellingintheshow?Ilovehersmilewithconfidence！”shemessaged.“Yes！”Irepliedexcitedly，“that’sherdream！”WhenItoldmygirlthenews，shecriedwithexcitement.Now，wecan’twaitforSyriah’sfirstmodellingperformance.Hopefullyherimagewillmakeadifferencetogirls，justlikeher，who’veneverseenpeoplelikethemrepresentedinthefashionindustry.She’llshoweveryonethatbeautycomesinmanyforms.1．WhatcanwelearnaboutSyriah?A．Sheshowedpotentialforpainting.B．Shewasnotconfidentenough.C．Shesufferedfromaskindisease.D．Shegotsickofrurallife.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第三句可知，Syriah天生患有白癜風(fēng)，這種疾病導(dǎo)致全身皮膚的顏色一塊塊地脫落，由此可知，她患有一種皮膚病，故選C。2．Whydidtheauthorchoosetosellherpaintings?A．Tofinanceherfuturegeneration.B．Togainwiderecognition.C．TobecomeaFacebookhit.D．Todonatemoneyforthedisabled.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句可知，作者想為她的孩子留下一些遺產(chǎn)，并為他們的未來準(zhǔn)備一些東西，所以選擇賣她的畫，故選A。3．Whichofthefollowingwasnotright?A．AnafoundedLondonPacificFashionWeek.B．Anawantedtofindsomemodels.C．SyriahwillinglyacceptedAna’soffertobeamodel.D．Syriahdidn’tperformwellinthefashionshow.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句可知A項正確；根據(jù)第四段的“they’dgettosearchfortheirownmodels”可知B項正確；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段可知C項正確；根據(jù)最后一段可知，作者期望Syriah在時裝表演周可以有好的表現(xiàn)，文章并沒有說她表現(xiàn)不好。故選D。4．Syriahgotthemodellingjobdueto____________________________________________.A．herbeautycomingfromwithinB．hermother’srecommendationC．hercloserelationshipwithAnaD．heroutstandingmodellingskills答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段的“Ilovehersmilewithconfidence！”可知，Syriah得到這份模特工作是由于她自信的微笑，也就是內(nèi)在的美，故選A。BTheEmpireStateBuildingisoneofthemostpopularattractionsinNewYorkCity，bothforthetourandhistoryofthebuilding.OurEmpireStateBuildingfactsincludeNYCInsidertipsandthebestwaystotourthisworld-famousicon，whetheryouareshortontimeorbudget.EmpireStateBuildingHoursThemainentrancetotheEmpireStateBuildingisonFifthAvenuebetween33rdand34thStreets.Allvisitorsmustusethisentranceandthereisoftenawaitjusttogetinthebuilding.TheEmpireStateBuildingObservatoryisopenfrom8∶00a．m.to2∶00a．m.7daysaweek.Lastelevatorsgoupat1∶15a．m.EmpireStateBuildingTourFactsTheESBofferstwoobservatories，the86thfloorandthe102ndfloor.86thFloorObservatory(indoorandoutdoor)1，050feet(320meters)，reachedbyhigh-speed，automaticelevators，ithasaglass-enclosedarea，whichisheatedinwinterandcooledinsummer.High-poweredbinoculars(雙筒望遠(yuǎn)鏡)areavailablefortheconvenienceofvisitorsataminimalcost.102ndFloorObservatory(indooronly)TicketsareonlysolduponarrivalattheEmpireStateBuildingatacostof$15.00inadditiontoregularadmissiontickets.EmpireStateBuildingTicketsRegular—$38adult，$32ages6－12，under5free.ExpressPass—$65allvisitorsages6＋BuyingyourticketsbeforeyougotoNewYorksavesyourtime.Whenbuyingtickets，youcanoptforregularticketsorexpresstickets.Youcanalsobuyadiscountpassforfreeentrance.Ifyouwanttovisitthe102ndfloor，youcangetticketswhichincludedinneratSTATEGrillandBare.語篇解讀這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了帝國大廈EmpireStateBuilding以及參觀大廈時的相關(guān)注意事項。5．Whatcanwelearnfromthesecondparagraph?A．Youcanenterthebuildingthroughthreeentrances.B．Alargenumberofvisitorsareattractedbythebuilding.C．Visitorsarenotallowedtotakeelevatorsafter1∶00a．m.D．TheEmpireStateBuildingisclosedonweekends.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“Allvisitorsmustusethisentranceandthereisoftenawaitjusttogetinthebuilding.”可知，到這里參觀的游客必須等待，其主要原因可能是游客數(shù)量很多。故選B。6．Whatcanwesayaboutthe86thFloorObservatory?A．Itislocatedataheightof1，050meters.B．Itisabitcolderoutsidethaninside.C．Thebinocularscanbeusedfreeofcharge.D．VisitorscanenjoytheviewofNYCoutdoors.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中的“86thFloorObservatory(indoorandoutdoor)”可知，該看臺可以讓游客在室內(nèi)外觀景，故選D。7．Howmuchshouldacouplepayiftheywanttovisitthebuildingwithshorterwaiting?A．$76. B．$64.C．$130. D．$103.答案C解析數(shù)字計算題。根據(jù)文中的“ExpressPass—$65allvisitorsages6＋”可知，如果想立刻參觀帝國大廈，需要購買直通票(expressticket)，每個人的費用是65美元，acouple就是130美元。故選C。強化練(一)細(xì)節(jié)理解題(1)ALookingforacoolnewbookthisseason？TFKKidReportersreadandreviewedsomeofthebestbooksoftheyear.YusufAzeemisNotaHeroYusufAzeemishopingtohaveagreatfirstyearinmiddleschool.Standinginhiswayarethehatenotesleftinhislockerandhisstruggletofindhisplaceinanewcommunity.YusufAzeemIsNotaHero，bySaadiaFaruqi，willappealtoreaderswholikestoriesabouteverydaykidsovercomingchallengesandfindinginnerstrength.BlackBoyJoyTheshortstoriesinBlackBoyJoy，editedbyKwameMbalia，celebratethepleasuresofBlackchildhood.Therearealsostoriesaboutvictories，competitions，andgettingdressedfortheirfirstdayofschool.Mostareshort，withsimpleplots.Peoplewhoenjoybite-sizestoriesofhappinesswilllikethiscollection.ParadiseonFireInParadiseonFire，byJewellParkerRhodes，Addyisashy，15-year-oldgirlwhoescapedfromanapartmentfirethatkilledherparents.Whenafirebreaksoutatthewildernesscamp，Addyknowswhattodo.WillAddybeabletoleadherfellowcamperstosafety？Readerswilllovethemixofsuspense，action，andemotioninthisbook.ChunkyChunkywaswrittenbyYehudiMercado.Inthebook，Huditriessports，which，however，takehimawayfromwhathe’strulypassionateabout：comedy.Hisimaginaryfriend，Chunky，appearsthroughoutthestorytohelpHudiachievehisdreams.Chunkyisagreatbookforkidswhowanttoreadaboutfriendship，family，andtrytofindwheretheymightfitin.eq\x(語篇解讀這是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了四本兒童書的情況，包括作者、故事梗概等。)1．Whichofthefollowingtellsabouthappychildhood?A．YusufAzeemisNotaHero.B．BlackBoyJoy.C．ParadiseonFire.D．Chunky.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)BlackBoyJoy部分中的第一句可知，BlackBoyJoy講述了快樂的童年。故選B。2．WhatisthebookbyJewellParkerRhodesabout?A．Agirltryingtoescapefromdanger.B．Aboysufferingatschool.C．Aboyparticipatinginasummercamp.D．Agirltakinganinterestincomedy.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句可知，JewellParkerRhodes寫的書是關(guān)于一個試圖逃離危險的女孩的故事。故選A。3．WhoisChunkyinthebook?A．Acomedian. B．Hudi’sclassmate.C．Ashyboy. D．Anunrealfriend.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段第三句可知，書中的Chunky是一個虛構(gòu)的朋友。imaginary和unreal同義，故選D。BDespiteKyleTianshibeingonlya15-year-oldUShighschooler，hehaspublishedfivesci-finovels.HisfifthbookEventidewasreleasedinJuly.However，thismaynotbehismostimpressiveachievementasKylejustreceivedthe“HeroAward”，a$20，000grandprize.ItisthetophonorintheCaliforniaYouthSustainabilityAwards.Thecompetitionaimstoencourageandsupportyoungcommunityleaderswhoaremakingadifferenceforsustainabilityintheircommunitiesbytakingactionfortheplanet.Kyle，asophomorefromtheCambridgeSchoolintheUS，receivedthehonorforhisportableinventioncalledNEREID.Thedevicecandetectmicroscopicparticles(粒子)inwaterbyusingalaserandmicroscope.Theseparticlescanbeharmfultopeopleandtheenvironment.KylecameupwiththeideafortheinventionbasedonhisexperiencegrowingupinSanDiego，California，US.Peoplehadnoaccesstounpolluteddrinkingwaterandhisparentsaskedhimnottodrinktapwater.Kylespentabout$60buyingthetoolsneededtoanalyzethetapwater：alaser，amicroscopeandamicro-computer.“It’sincrediblypowerfulfortheprice，”Kylesaid.Thenheusedtheirfamily’sgarageashislaboratory，doingresearchonthepollutionofdrinkingwatercausedbymicro-plastics.Kylehopestobringtomarketalow-costalternativetoolfordetectingmicro-plasticpollutionlevelsindrinkingwater.Inthisway，hecanofferhelptopeoplewhodon’thaveaccesstowaterfiltration(過濾)systems.Hehasappliedforapatent.KylesaidhissisterEmily，afreshmanatStanfordUniversity，inspiredhisinterestinenvironmentalresearch.Shewasrecognizednationallyfordevelopingawatercollectiondevice.TheyhavefoundedtheClearwaterInnovationprogramtoadvocateforcleanwaterthroughsocialmediaplatformsandorganizecommunitycleanupevents.語篇解讀這是一篇記敘文，文章主要介紹了15歲的KyleTianshi發(fā)明了能夠檢測水中有害的微觀粒子的設(shè)備，獲得了加州青年可持續(xù)發(fā)展獎的最高榮譽。4．WhatdoweknowaboutKyle?A．Heisgoodatadaptingsci-fiworks.B．Heenteredmanynovelcontests.C．Hereceivedanawardforhisinvention.D．He’sfoundmicroscopicparticlesinwater.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，Kyle因他的發(fā)明而獲獎。故選C。5．WhatledtoKyle’screationofNEREID?A．People’slackofcleandrinkingwater.B．People’spoorlivingconditions.C．Hisdesiretobeacommunityleader.D．Hisfamily’sencouragement.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段前兩句可知，Kyle發(fā)明NEREID是由于人們?nèi)狈Ω蓛舻娘嬘盟?。故選A。6．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesKyle?A．Considerateandbrave.B．Optimisticandhonest.C．Determinedandhumorous.D．Responsibleandcreative.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容，結(jié)合第二段第一句及文章最后一句可知，Kyle發(fā)明了NEREID，使人們能夠喝到干凈的飲用水，并通過實際行動倡導(dǎo)清潔用水，保護環(huán)境，因此他既有責(zé)任心又有創(chuàng)意，故選D。7．What’sthetextmainlyabout?A．TheintroductiontoNEREID.B．Aboy’scontributiontoliterature.C．Theharmofpollutedwater.D．AUSschooler’swatersolution.答案D解析主旨大意題。通讀全文，根據(jù)第二段第一句可知，文章主要講述15歲的KyleTianshi發(fā)明了能夠檢測水中有害的微觀粒子的設(shè)備，使人們能夠喝到干凈的飲用水，還創(chuàng)立清水創(chuàng)新項目，倡導(dǎo)清潔用水，故D項“一位美國學(xué)生對于水的解決方案”能夠概括文章大意。故選D。CTheglobalpopulationgrowing，theclimateiswarming，and，nosurprise，thedemandforenergyissteadilyincreasing.Weneedtouselessenergyinanywaythatwecan.GermandesignstudentTobiasTribenbacher，fromtheUniversityoftheArtsBerlin，hascreatedastreetlightcalledPapilioinresponsetoglobalsustainabilityinitiatives，sayingthatheinitiallychosetocreateacity-facingstreetlightduetosuchlights’roleintightpollution.Papiliocanbemountedtowallsorsetupasafreestandinglantern.Thelampshouldideallybeplacedbetweenthreetosixmetresaboveground，whereground-levelwindsarethestrongest.Thelampisshapedlikeapinwheelthatactsasawindturbine(渦輪)，catchingthewindtoproduceitsownenergy.Italsohasarechargeablebatterythatstoreselectricity，sothelampcanoperateevenonlesswindydays.Anotherkeycomponentofthelampisthelightitself.Thewarm-coloredlightdoesn’tdrawtheattentionofinsects，anditusesaninfrared(紅外線的)sensorsothatthelightisonlystartedbynearbymotion，reducingitscontributiontolightpollution.Asidefromsavingpublicspaceandbeautifyingstreets，thestreetlight’sdesignisalsoavisualsignalofcleanenergyinaction.“Designnotonlydetermineshowstreetlightsareworking.Itcanalsoshapeourattitudetowardsthemandconsequentlyaffecthowweusethem，”TobiasTribenbachersays.“Becauseenergycreationisoftenaninvisibleprocess，projectssuchasthesehelptheproductionofelectricitybecomecomprehensible.”Thelamp’sabilitytochangewindpowerintoelectricitycanalsobeahugebenefittonaturallywindyareas.Andsinceitdoesn’trequireanyelectricalinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)，therewillbeanopportunitytofixthestreetlightsinremotesettingsorplaceswhereinfrastructureinnovationscanbecost-prohibitive.Justaslanternscreatethecharacterofstreetsandsquares，Papilioisenvisionedasapublicsustainabilitystatementthatmotivatesresidentstotakepartintransformingourcitiesintoclimate-friendly，future-proofenvironments.語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一種新型的路燈，這款路燈是由風(fēng)能轉(zhuǎn)化為電能，因此可以減少能源使用，從而減少對環(huán)境的污染。8．WhydidTribenbacherchoosetocreatethestreetlight?A．Totacklelightpollution.B．Toreducebiodiversityloss.C．Tobeautifythecityhelivesin.D．Todrawpublicattentiontowaste.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段以及第四段第二句可知，這款路燈最初設(shè)計的目的就是用來應(yīng)對光污染問題。故選A。9．Whichofthefollowingisthefeatureofthestreetlight?A．Itoccupiesalargespace.B．Itcanbefixedanywhere.C．Itisswitchedoffbyhand.D．Itisunattractivetoinsects.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段第二句可知，這款路燈不會吸引小昆蟲。故選D。10．WhatdoTribenbacher’swordsinparagraph5imply?A．Theclimatecrisisistoughtoaddress.B．Designcanfacilitateourcomprehension.C．Wemusttakeactiontosavecleanenergy.D．Weknowlittleaboutelectricitygeneration.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段中的“Designnotonlydetermineshowstreetlights...theproductionofelectricitybecomecomprehensible.”可推斷出，這樣的設(shè)計可以促進我們對于能源生產(chǎn)的理解。故選B。11．Whatisthepurposeofthetext?A．Tostresstheimportanceofinnovation.B．Tointroduceawind-poweredstreetlight.C．Toadvocateenvironmentalsustainability.D．Toanalyzethesustainabilityofthestreetlight.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段以及下文對這款路燈的作用、工作原理的介紹可知，本篇文章主要的目的是介紹一款風(fēng)能路燈。故選B。強化練(二)細(xì)節(jié)理解題(2)ADriveThruHistory?AdventuresDriveThruHistory，whetherasacourse，guide，orepisodiclesson，triestomakehistoricalinformationfun.DaveStottsgoestheextraliteralmiletobringhistorytoviewersincontextbytravelingtothelocationshe’sdiscussing.Thisiswherethe“adventure”subtitlecomesfrom.Thecourseshavesnowballedinpopularityduetothequalityofthematerialaswellasthehumorandinventivenessofthehost.FeaturesoftheDriveThruHistoryCoursesEachcoursecomeswithmanywaystoview，absorbandtestyourknowledgeofitstopics.ThemainpurchaseisOnDemand，HDstreamingofyourfavoriteDriveThruHistory?episodes.YoualsogetprintCourseguidesthatcomewithworksheets，answerguides，andarticleswrittenbyindustryexpertsontopicscoveredinthecourses.Withyourpurchase，youcanalsohaveaccesstoacommunityofotherDriveThruHistory?fans，withexclusivecontentupdates!WaystojointheAdventure·BuyasingleDriveThruHistory?CourseOuronlinecoursesincludelifetimeon-demandvideostreaming，acourseguide，andadditionalresourcestohelpyoulearnasmuchfromoneseriesaspossible.·JoinourAll-AccessmembershipIfyoulikewhatyoubought，youcanbuytheAll-Accesspass.Thispassgivesyoutheabilitytoviewallthereleasedcoursesbypayinganannualfee.All-Accesscomesinat$119.95.Onceyou’resubscribed，yoursubscriptionwillautomaticallyrenewtokeepyouup-to-dateonthelatestDriveThruHistory?content!WhetheryoubuyasinglecourseortheAll-Accesspass，yougetthesamebasicfeatures.Thesebonuseswillhelpyoumakeyourhistorylessonscomealive.eq\x(語篇解讀本文是應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了DriveThruHistory?Adventures的相關(guān)信息。)1．HowdoesDaveStottsmakethecoursesfun?A．Bysharinghistoryonlocation.B．Byrevisinghistoricalmaterials.C．Bypresentinghi-techinventions.D．Byorganizingadventureactivities.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的“...triestomakehistoricalinformationfun.DaveStottsgoestheextraliteralmiletobringhistorytoviewersincontextbytravelingtothelocationshe’sdiscussing.”可知，為了讓課程有趣，DaveStotts去了他所討論的內(nèi)容發(fā)生的地方，即歷史發(fā)生地。故選A。2．Whatwillyougetafteryoubuythecourses?A．Tourguides.B．Videostreaming.C．Articlesfromstudents.D．Interactionwiththehost.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)BuyasingleDriveThruHistory?Course部分的內(nèi)容可知，購買課程之后可以獲得終身觀看視頻的權(quán)利。故選B。3．WhatdoesanAll-Accessmembershipoffer?A．Adiscountedannualfee.B．Additionalhistorylessons.C．Updatesonthelatestcontent.D．Limitedaccesstosomecourses.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)JoinourAll-Accessmembership部分中的“Onceyou’resubscribed，yoursubscriptionwillautomaticallyrenewtokeepyouup-to-dateonthelatestDriveThruHistory?content！”可知，擁有All-Access之后，會員可以看到更新的最新內(nèi)容。故選C。BTherearefewplacesonEarththathumanshaven’tmessedup.NowevenAntarctica，theonlycontinentwithnopermanenthumaninhabitants，isbeingalteredbyus.AstudyfoundthattheincreasinghumanpresenceinAntarcticaiscausingmoresnowmelt—badnewsforafrozenworldalreadybattlingtheeffectsofhuman-causedglobalwarming.Blackcarbon，thedarkdustypollutionthatcomesfromburningfossilfuelshassettledinlocationswheretouristsandresearchersspendalotoftime，scientistsfound.Eventhesmallestamountofthedarkpollutantcanhaveasignificantimpactonmeltingbecauseofitsverylowreflectiveness：thingsthatarelightincolor，likesnow，reflectthesun’senergyandstaycool；thingsthataredark，likeblackcarbon，absorbthesun’senergyandwarmup.“Thesnowalbedo(反射率)effectisoneofthelargestuncertaintiesinregionalandglobalclimatemodelingrightnow，”AliaKhan，asnowandicescientistatWesternWashingtonUniversity，toldCNN.“That’soneofthemotivationsforthestudy，toquantifytheimpactofblackcarbononregionalsnowmelt，whichisimportantforquantifyingtheroleofblackcarboninthegloballossofsnowandice.”“Antarcticaissittingthereprettymuchsilentlyallyear.But，ifitweren’tthere，inthestatethatitismeanttobe，thebalancethatwehaveintheclimatesystemwillnolongerbe，”MarilynRaphael，ageographyprofessorsaid.“Antarctica’sseaiceisalsoimportanttomaintainabalanceinatmosphericcirculation，”headded.Aswatersgetwarmer，someAntarcticcreaturesarefindingtheirhomesmoreandmoreunlivable.“Everythingwedohasconsequences，”Raphaelsaid.“Weneedtoeducateourselvesaboutthoseconsequences，especiallyinsystemsthatweknowrelativelylittleabout.Wehavetobecarefulthatwedon’tupsettheclimatebalance.”語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了由于人為造成的全球變暖，南極洲的環(huán)境發(fā)生了變化。4．Whycanthesmallestamountofblackcarbonhaveahugeimpactonmelting?A．Itishighlyreflective.B．Itsdarkcolourabsorbsheat.C．Itproducesvastenergy.D．Itcausesmuchpollution.答案B解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句可知，由于能夠吸收熱量，黑碳對融化會產(chǎn)生巨大的影響。故選B。5．AccordingtoAlia，whichofthefollowingisonereasonforconductingthestudy?A．Tomeasuretheimpactofblackcarbononmelting.B．Toquantifythecostofbattlingagainstclimatechange.C．Toremovetheuncertaintiesofglobalwarmingeffects.D．Tourgepeopletopaymoreattentiontomeltingproblem.答案A解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句可知，在研究過程中，量化黑碳對融雪的影響是十分重要的。故選A。6．Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?A．ThechangecausedbyAntarcticicemelting.B．ThemethodstostopAntarcticicemelting.C．ThesignificanceofAntarcticbeinginitsstate.D．ThesufferingsAntarcticcreaturesareexperiencing.答案C解析段落大意題。根據(jù)第四段第二、三句可知，本段主要講述了南極洲保持其原來狀態(tài)的重要性。故選C。7．WhatdoesRaphaeladvisepeopletodo?A．Reducetouristnumbers.B．Facetheconsequences.C．Acquireprofessionaleducation.D．Stopdisturbingtheclimate.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，Raphael建議我們停止擾亂氣候，不要破壞氣候的平衡。故選D。CEverwonderedifdogscanlearnnewwords？Yes，sayresearchersastheyhavefoundthattalenteddogsmayhavetheabilitytograspnewwordsafterhearingthemonlyfourtimes.Whilepreviousevidenceseemstoshowthatmostdogsdonotlearnwords，unlesseventuallyverywelltrained，afewindividualshaveshownsomeextraordinaryabilities，accordingtoastudypublishedinthejournalScientificReports.“Wewantedtoknowunderwhichconditionsthegifteddogsmaylearnnovelwords，”saidresearcherxuekwClaudiaFugazzafromtheE?tv?sLorndUniversityinHungary.Forthestudy，theteaminvolvedtwogifteddogs，WhiskyandVickyNina.Theteamexposedthedogstothenewwordsintwodifferentconditions.Intheexclusion-basedtask，presentedwithsevenknowntoysandonenewtoy，thedogswereabletoselectthenewtoywhenpresentedwithanewname.Researcherssaythisprovesthatdogscanchoosebyexclusionwhenfacedwithanewword，theyselectedtheonlytoywhichdidnothaveaknownname.However，thiswasnotthewaytheywouldlearnthenameofthetoy.Infact，whentheywerepresentedwithonemoreequallynewnametotesttheirabilitytorecognizethetoybyitsname，thedogsgottotallyconfusedandfailed.Theothercondition，thesocialone，wherethedogsplayedwiththeirownerswhopronouncedthenameofthetoywhileplayingwiththedog，provedtobethesuccessfulwaytolearnthenameofthetoy，evenafterhearingitonly4times.“Therapidlearningthatweobservedseemstoequalchildren’sabilitytolearnmanynewwordsatafastratearoundtheageof18months，”Fugazzasays.“Butwedonotknowwhetherthelearningmechanisms(機制)behindthislearningarethesameforhumansanddogs.”Totestwhethermostdogswouldlearnwordsthisway，20otherdogsweretestedinthesamecondition，butnoneofthemshowedanyevidenceoflearningthetoynames，confirmingthattheabilitytolearnwordsrapidlyintheabsenceofformaltrainingisveryrareandisonlypresentinafewgifteddogs.eq\x(語篇解讀本文為一篇說明文，介紹了有天賦的狗狗通過訓(xùn)練能夠?qū)W習(xí)新的單詞。)8．WhatwasthepurposeofthestudypublishedinScientificReports?A．Tobettertraindogs’abilitytolearnnewwords.B．Tofurtherconfirmpreviousevidenceaboutdogs.C．Toproveextraordinarymemoryabilitiesofgifteddogs.D．Toexplorefavorableconditionsforgifteddogs’new-wordlearning.答案D解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的“Wewantedtoknowunderwhichconditions...fromtheE?tv?sLorndUniversityinHungary.”可知，研究的目的是想探索有天賦的狗在什么情況下可以學(xué)習(xí)新單詞。故選D。9．Howdidthedogsreactwhenexposedtotwonewnamesinthefirstcondition?A．Slowtounderstand.B．Quicktolearn.C．Ataloss.D．Inapanic.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第二句可知，在第一種情況下狗非常困惑。故選C。10．Whatwasfoundaboutdogs’new-wordlearninginthesocialcondition?A．Learningthroughplayingappliedtomostdogs.B．Thesocialconditionhelpeddogslearnnewwords.C．Dogs’new-wordlearningturnedouttobelesseffective.D．Dogssharedsimilarlearningmechanismswithchildren.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段第一句可推出，社會性條件可以幫助狗狗學(xué)習(xí)新的單詞。故選B。11．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．GiftedDogsCanLearnNewWordsRapidlyB．DogsIdentifyNewly-namedToysbyExclusionC