初中英語動詞時(shí)態(tài)（43張）

初中英語語法基礎(chǔ)時(shí)態(tài)專題講解時(shí)態(tài)1：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)2：一般過去時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)3：一般將來時(shí)時(shí)態(tài)4：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)01020304目錄Contents時(shí)態(tài)5：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)05時(shí)態(tài)6：現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)06時(shí)態(tài)1：一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)012431定義2表示經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動作。如：Igetupatsieveryday我每天六點(diǎn)起床。3表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)。如：Theearthgoesaroundthesun地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。1表示事物或人物的特征、狀態(tài)。如：Thesyisblue天空是藍(lán)色的。1一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)定義4諺語箴言。如：Actionsspealouderthanwords（行動勝于空談。）時(shí)間標(biāo)識（時(shí)間點(diǎn)）：always，usually，often，sometimes，everywee（day，year，month），onceawee，onSunday2、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成1be動詞：主語beam,is,are其它。如：Iamaboy我是一個(gè)男孩。2行為動詞：主語行為動詞其它。如：WestudyEnglish我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)he,she,it或其它相當(dāng)于第三人稱的詞時(shí)，要在動詞后加"-s"或"-es"。如：MaryliesChinese提問：動詞的分類？3、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的變化1be動詞的變化否定句：主語benot其它。如：Heisnotaworer他不是工人。一般疑問句：Be主語其它。如：-Areyouastudent-YesIam/No,I'mnot特殊疑問句：疑問詞一般疑問句。如：Whereismybie2行為動詞的變化否定句：主語don'tdoesn't動詞原形其它。如：Idon'tliebread當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用doesn't構(gòu)成否定句。如：Hedoesn'toftenplay一般疑問句：DoDoes主語動詞原形其它。如：-Doyouoftenplayfootball-Yes,Ido/No,Idon't當(dāng)主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用does構(gòu)成一般疑問句。如：-Doesshegotoworbybie-Yes,shedoes/No,shedoesn't特殊疑問句：疑問詞一般疑問句。如：Howdoesyourfathergotowor11．一般情況下，直接加s如：cook-cooks,stay-stays22．以s,x,sh,ch,o結(jié)尾，加es如：guess-guesses,wash-washes,watch-watches,go-goes33．以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i,再加-es如：study-studies44.以“元音字母+y”結(jié)尾，直接加-es如：stay-staysplay-plays補(bǔ)充：動詞第三人稱單數(shù)的變化規(guī)則用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1Heoften________havedinnerathome2DanielandTommy_______beinClassOne3Weusually_______watchTVonMonday4Nic_______notgototheooonSunday5______they________lietheWorldCuewaterinthebottle課堂練習(xí)hasarewatchesdoesn’tDoliedodoDoreadteachestaeis時(shí)態(tài)2：一般過去時(shí)021一般過去式定義1、定義：一般過去時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)候或某一段時(shí)間所發(fā)生了的事情或存在的狀態(tài)。如：WhatdidyoudoyesterdayImetLinTaothismorningTomwasjustthereamomentago時(shí)間標(biāo)示：yesterday，yesterdaymorning，thismorning，justnow，amomentago，inMay，lastnight/year/wee,onceue,theotherday,before…,when,inthee）當(dāng)時(shí)，last時(shí)間（如lastwee,month,year,smer，…），時(shí)間ago（如afewminutesago,twoweesago,yearsago,…2一般過去時(shí)的構(gòu)成①be動詞：主語bewas/were其它如：IwasshortwhenIwas10yearsoldTherewasamusicroominourschoolbeforeThecatwasundermybedjustnowWereyouthebeststudentintheclass②行為動詞：A肯定句：主語動詞過去式其它如：ShevisitedhisgrandlastnightDidhisfatherreadthenewpapersjustnow11．一般情況直接+ed如：work-workedplay-played22．以e結(jié)尾的詞只加-d

如：live-liveddance-danced33．以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的詞，變y為i再加-ed

如：study-studied44.以“輔元輔”字母結(jié)尾的詞，雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加-ed.如：stop-stoppedplan-planned補(bǔ)充：動詞過去式的變化規(guī)則不規(guī)則變化：參考動詞過去式不規(guī)則變化表用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1TomandMary________cometoChinalastmonth2Mie_________notgotobeduntil12o'cloclasthe______getuetochina---Lastyear8______beitcoldinyourcityyesterday9Howmany10There______beafootballmatchonTVyesterdayevening,butI______havenotimetowatchit課堂練習(xí)camedid’tgetsreadbegancamecamecamecameWaswerewashad時(shí)態(tài)3：一般將來時(shí)03一般過去式定義1、定義一般將來時(shí)表示將來某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與表示將來的時(shí)間狀語連用時(shí)間標(biāo)示：tomorrow,netwee,netyear,soon,inamonth等。助動詞will動詞原形begoingto動詞原形beto動詞原形“be”beaboutto動詞原形一般將來時(shí)幾種寫法2一般將來時(shí)的構(gòu)成2一般將來時(shí)的構(gòu)成——助動詞will動詞原形一般將來時(shí)由“助動詞will動詞原形”構(gòu)成。在口語中，will在名詞或代詞后?？s寫為'llwillnot簡縮為won’t。HewillheleatinthefridgeItwillstayfreshforseveraldays—You'veleftthelighton你忘了關(guān)燈了?！狾h,soIhaveI'llgoandturnitoff噢，那我馬上去關(guān)。1根據(jù)事實(shí)的推斷2肯定、預(yù)測，注定3①這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示打算、計(jì)劃、決定要做的事或肯定要發(fā)生的事。WhatareyougoingtodonetSunday下星期天你打算干什么？Theyaregoingtomeetoutsidetheschoolgate他們打算在校門口見面。還可表示說話人根據(jù)已有的事實(shí)或跡象，認(rèn)為某事即將發(fā)生、肯定會發(fā)生或可能出現(xiàn)的情況。IthinI'mgoingtodie我想我要死了?，F(xiàn)在生命垂危LooatthecloudIt’sgoingtorain烏云密布，使我斷定天要下雨。這種結(jié)構(gòu)表示“肯定、預(yù)測，注定會”。在這種情況下可以和“thin,ho;henewhewasgoingtowhenhelooedatthetestpaper他沒考及格，他一看試卷就知道考不及格。計(jì)劃2一般將來時(shí)的構(gòu)成——begoingto動詞原形2一般將來時(shí)的構(gòu)成——be表示將來句中的現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)結(jié)構(gòu)表示按計(jì)劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作，這一結(jié)構(gòu)常用于表示位置轉(zhuǎn)移的動詞，如come,go,leave,start,move,arrive等。I'mleavingforTibetonSunday星期天我要去西藏。Whenareyougoingbactoyourfactory你什么時(shí)候回工廠？Heisnotcoming他不來了。Theyarearrivingtomorrowafternoon他們明天下午到達(dá)。一般將來時(shí)的構(gòu)成——“beaboutto動詞原形”“beaboutto+動詞原形”表示打算或據(jù)安排即將發(fā)生的動作。它不與表示時(shí)間的副詞或其他時(shí)間狀語連用。TheEnglisheveningisabouttostart.英語晚會即將開始。Theshipisabouttosail.輪船馬上就要啟航。一般將來時(shí)的構(gòu)成——“beto動詞原形”“beto+動詞原形”表將來“beto+動詞原形”表示約定的、計(jì)劃中的或按職責(zé)、義務(wù)要求要發(fā)生的動作，這種動作通常是人的意志所能控制的，或用于征求意見。Ifamanistosucceed,hemustworkashardashecan.一個(gè)人要想成功，他就必須拼命干。HaveyoueverseenthesceneofLosAngelesat4amIseeoften,becauseIhavebeenstartingtrainingatthattime課堂練習(xí)：D1Thedayaftertomorrowthey________avolleyballmatchAwillwatchingBwatchesCiswatchingDaregoingtowatchB2There________abirthdayorrowmorningAwillBisCwillbeDbeB6________yourbrother________amagainefromthelibraryAAre;goingtoborrowBIs;goingtoborrowCWill;borrowsDAre;goingtoborrowsD7–Whereisthemorninge,we________ameetingAhaveBwillhaveChadDwouldhaveC10He________tousassoonashegetsthereAwritesBhaswrittenCwillwriteDwroteC11He________inthreedaysAcomingbacBcamebacCwillcomebacDisgoingtocomingbacDtrain________at11AgoingtoarriveBwillbearriveCisgoingtoDisarriving時(shí)態(tài)4：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)041現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)定義和構(gòu)成1定義:表示說話時(shí)瞬間正在進(jìn)行的動作,也表示目前或現(xiàn)階段一直進(jìn)行的動作。時(shí)間標(biāo)示：now，atthistime，thesedays，etc2結(jié)構(gòu):①肯定句:主語am/is/areV-ing②否定句:主語am/is/arenotV-ing③疑問句:Am/Is/Are主語V-ing④特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞am/is/are主語V-ing1一段時(shí)間在進(jìn)行2強(qiáng)烈情感31表示說話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的,目前正在發(fā)生的動作。Loo!ThebigbirdisflyingawayHeiswatchingamovienow2表示目前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行,但說話時(shí)可能沒有進(jìn)行的動作。WearestudyingChinesebydistancelearning我最近正通過遠(yuǎn)程教育學(xué)習(xí)漢語。。3與always,constantly,forever,allthetime等副詞連用,表示動作反復(fù)或習(xí)慣。此時(shí)句子常含有說話者的強(qiáng)烈情感在內(nèi)。表達(dá)較強(qiáng)的“責(zé)備”或“表揚(yáng)”之意Youarealwayschangingyourmind你總是主意不定。有不滿、責(zé)備之意Heisalwayshelportantthing你總是把重要的事情忘掉。目前正在發(fā)生的動作2現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)用法課堂練習(xí)：B!Theboystudentsare___footballwhilethegirlsare________ArSmith______shortstories,buthe______aTVplaythesedaysAiswriting,iswritingBiswriting,writesCwrites,iswritingDwrites,writesD’seighto’clocThestudents___anEnglishclasshavinghavingDboyisn't________theteacherinclassto時(shí)態(tài)5：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)051過去進(jìn)行時(shí)定義和構(gòu)成1定義：過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，是表示過去某個(gè)具體時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的事情或動作。時(shí)間標(biāo)示：atthistimeyesterday，atthattime或以when引導(dǎo)的謂語動詞是一般過去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語等。2結(jié)構(gòu)：was/weredoing現(xiàn)在分詞）如：Hewasplayingtabletennisatfiveyesterdayafternoon過去進(jìn)行時(shí)用法用法時(shí)間標(biāo)示常用的時(shí)間狀語：thismorning,thewholemorning,alldayyesterday,fromninetotenlastevening,when,while過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過去某時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動作或者事情。例如：WewerewatchingTVfromseventoninelastnightWhatwasheresearchingalldaylastSundayItwasrainingwhentheyleftthestationWhenIgottothetoountain,thesunwasshining通常不能用于過去進(jìn)行時(shí)的動詞主要有：agree,be,believe,belong,care,forget,hate,have擁有,hear,now,lie,love,mean,mind,notice,own,remember,seem,su正：Ididn'tunderstandhim我不明白他的意思。課堂練習(xí)1Mary_____adresswhenshecutherfingerAmadeBismaingCwasmaingDmaes2Hesaidhe_____todrawaeAtriesBtriedCwastryingDwilltry3Whileshe______TV,she______asoundoutsidetheroomAwaswatching,washearingBwatched,washearingCwatched,heardDwaswatching,heardCCD一般過去式VS過去進(jìn)行時(shí)Iwastypingaletterlastnight昨晚我在打一封信?可能沒打完

Ityeletterslastnight我昨晚打了一些信?已經(jīng)打完

一般過去式VS過去進(jìn)行時(shí)具體區(qū)別：1、一般過時(shí)往往表示某一動作已經(jīng)完成，而過去進(jìn)行時(shí)卻表示動作在持續(xù)或未完成。Shewrotealettertoherfriendlastnight她昨晚給朋友寫了封信。信寫完了Shewaswritingalettertoherfriendlastnight她昨晚一直在給朋友寫信。信不一定寫完2、一般過去時(shí)表示只做一次動作，而過去進(jìn)行時(shí)卻表示動作反復(fù)地進(jìn)行。Shewavedtome她朝我揮了揮手。3、句中有amomentago之類的短語一般用一般過去時(shí)。4、句中有atthistimelastSunday,from8to9yesterday之類的狀語一般用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)。過去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以用來代替一般過去時(shí)，表示更為偶然而非預(yù)定的動作：IwastalingtoTomtheotherday．那天我跟湯姆聊天來著。課堂練習(xí)B1I______amealwhenyou_____meAcooed,wereringingBwascooing,rangCwascooing,wereringingDcooed,rangC2Hesaidhe_____todrawaeAtriesBtriedCwastryingDwilltryD3Whileshe______TV,she______asoundoutsidetheroomAwaswatching,washearingBwatched,washearingCwatched,heardDwaswatching,heardA4They_____afootballgamefrom7to9lastnightAwerewatchingBwatchCwatchedDarewatchingC5Whatboo____you______whenI____youatfouryesterdayafternoonAdid,read,wasseeingBdid,read,sawCwere,reading,sawDwere,reading,wasseeingC6ItwasFridayeveningMrandMrsGreen_____readytoflytoEnglandAaregettingBgetCweregettingDgotA7Agirl______myeAsaw,attenlastSundayHeoftenethewholeafternoonlastSaturdayAhelother_______somewashing,I_____aiteforateAdid,madeBwasdoing,madeCwasdoing,wasmaingDdid,wasmaing現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)06現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的定義和構(gòu)成定義構(gòu)成have\has過去分詞①過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果：強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果例：YesterdayIfinishedmyhomewor,that’stosay,Ihavefinishedmyhomewornow②過去已經(jīng)開始一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)：強(qiáng)調(diào)繼續(xù)例：Ihavelivedheresince1990時(shí)間狀語標(biāo)志：recently，lately，sincefor，inthepastfewyears，etc除了時(shí)間狀語標(biāo)志外在下列情形下用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)①already已經(jīng)例:Ihavealreadyfoundmyyywor⑥before例：Ihaveneverbeentherebefore⑦sofar到目前為止例：Sofarhehaslearnt200words⑧howlong多久例：Howlonghaveyoulivedhere⑨howmanytimes多少次例：HowmanytimeshashebeentoBeijing兩結(jié)構(gòu):fortwomonths（for一段時(shí)間）Jimhaslivedherefor2monthssincelastyear（since過去點(diǎn)時(shí)間）LucyhasbeeninBeijingsince3yearsago sincehecamehere （since過去時(shí)態(tài)句子）hehasbeeninchinasincehecamehere①延續(xù)性動詞：表示的動作是能延續(xù)的動作，這種動作可以延續(xù)下去或產(chǎn)生持久的影響。如：learn\work\stand\lie\know\walk