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4/14新概念英語青少版2A語法知識大全一、助動詞

do/does

的用法

例句:Do

you

want

any

breakfast

,Paul

?

How

much

juice

do

you

want

?

I

don’t

want

any

coffee,

but

I

want

some

tea

.

這里,我們看這幾個句子既出現(xiàn)了實義動詞want,又出現(xiàn)了do,仔細觀察發(fā)現(xiàn):這些句子都是在的幫助下形成的,因此稱這個do為助動詞。

助動詞在句中不能獨立使用作謂語,并通常用于主語為第一人稱、第二人稱或者第三人稱復數(shù)的疑問句和否定句中。

【第三人稱復數(shù):人稱代詞分為第一人稱、第二人稱、第三人稱。單數(shù)是指一個人,多于一個人就為復數(shù)。We(我們)、You(你們)、They(他們/她們/它們)

分別是

第一人稱、第二人稱、第三人稱的

復數(shù)形式?!?/p>

1、將一個肯定句變?yōu)橐蓡柧鋾r,應將do/does放在主語的前面,實義動詞用原形。

例句:I/

We

/

You

want

some

yoghurt.

→Do

you

want

any

yoghurt

?

William

wants

some

beer.→Does

William

want

any

beer?

She

likes

that

one.

→Does

she

like

that

one?

2、變否定句時則要在句中謂語動詞的前面加do

not(don’t)或doesn’t。

例句:I

don‘t

want

any

coffee,

but

I

want

some

tea

.

She

doesn‘t

like

that

one.

→Doesn‘t

she

like

that

one?

William

wants

some

beer.→William

doesn‘t

want

any

beer.

3、變特殊疑問句時,見一、2、D/講解部分及特殊疑問詞部分。

二、Can/Must/May等情態(tài)動詞的用法

1、can的具體用法:can是情態(tài)動詞,不能在句中單獨作謂語,必須和其他動詞原形構成謂語。情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,也就是說,不管主語是第幾人稱,單數(shù)還是復數(shù),can都沒有變化。即表示能力,也表示可能性。

【口訣:can的用法很重要,千變?nèi)f化都知道??隙ㄓ胏an加原形,否定把can變can‘t,疑問can就往前提,原形留在主語后。細心體會多練習,保證不會犯錯誤?!?/p>

例如:

肯定句:Vikki

can

drive

a

car.

變否定句:Vikki

can’t

drive

a

car.

變一般疑問句:Can

Vikki

drive

a

car?

變特殊疑問句:Who

can

drive

a

car?

2、must的具體用法:must與can一樣,都是情態(tài)動詞,不能在句中單獨作謂語,必須和其他動詞原形構成謂語。也沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化.must是―必須‖的意思,表示語氣強烈的命令、意圖等。在否定句和疑問句的用法也與can一樣。

You

must

eat.

Must

you

go

now?

I

can

drink

some

water

,but

I

mustn’t

eat.3、can‘t與mustn‘t的區(qū)別:

can‘t

意即―不能,不會‖,

表示不可能、無法;mustn‘t而意為―禁止,不可以‖,表示強烈的建議、意圖和命令等,語氣強硬。

4、may的具體用法:助詞。

1)

(表示可能性)可能,也許:She

may

be

a

nurse.

2)(表示許可或請求許可)可以:"May

I

come

in?"

"Yes,

please."

3)(表示希望、祝愿等)祝,愿:May

you

succeed!

4)

(表示目的)(以便)能,(使...)可以

They

try

to

cure

the

disease

so

that

people

may

live

longer.

他們設法根治該病以便使人們活得更長些。

5)

(用于問句中,表示不確定)會,究竟:

Who

may

the

man

be?

這個人會是誰呢?

6)

表示期望)能夠,會:We

hope

she

may

win.

我們希望她會獲勝。

三、have/has

got

的用法

在英語中通常用

have

got代替

have,當主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時,用has

got

代替has,have

got

或has

got可以與前面的主語縮寫為

‘ve

?s。

1)肯定式:We’ve

(We

have

)got

an

English

lesson

today.

Lucy

and

Tom

have

got

two

chairs.

My

parents

have

got

a

big

house.

You

have

got

everything.

你什么都有了。

He

has

got

terrible

toothache.

2):否定式:

在have

got

中,have

為助動詞,在其后加否定詞not,

就可以構成否定句。Have/Has

not

got=haven‘t/has

n‘t

got

如:They

haven’t

got

computer

lessons

this

week.

He

hasn’t

got

a

pencil.

My

mother

hasn’t

got

much

money.

3)、一般疑問句及回答

:只需將have或has提前到句首即可?;卮饡r協(xié)助于助動詞have或has.

如:Have

you

got

a

notebook?

Yes,

I

have./No,

I

haven’t.

Have

they

got

a

library?

Yes,

they

have./No,

they

haven’t.

Has

Tom

got

stomach-ache?

Yes,

he

has./No,

he

hasn’t.

4)、特殊問句:

只需選用恰當?shù)囊蓡栐~,再接正確的一般疑問句即可。

How

many

rulers

have

they

got?

When

have

they

got

this

school?

What

has

he

got

?

【特別提醒】:只能用have/has,不能用have

/has

got的情形

。

◆在助動詞或情態(tài)動詞之后,不能用have

/has

got

。

He

hasn’t

got

a

computer.(T)

(F)

He

doesn’t

have

got

a

computer.

He

doesn‘t

have

a

computer.(T)

◆當have與動詞轉化而來的名詞構成短語時,不能用have

/has

got

。

Have

a

look,

have

a

break,

have

a

drink

◆在一些固定搭配中,不能用have

/has

got

。

Have

a

good

time,

have

breakfast,

have

lessons

如:

six—

sixth,

nineteen—nineteenth.

2)從第20-99:

整數(shù)第幾十的形式由基數(shù)詞改變結尾字母y為i,再加―eth‖構成。

twenty—twentieth,

thirty—hirtieth

表示第幾十幾時,用幾十的基數(shù)詞形式加上連字符―-‖和個位序數(shù)詞形式一起表示。

thirty-first

第三十一,

fifty-sixth

第五十六

,

seventy-third

第七十三,

ninety-ninth

第九十九

3)第一百以上的多位序數(shù)詞

由基數(shù)詞的形式變結尾部分為序數(shù)詞形式來表示。

one

hundred

and

twenty-first

第一百二十一,

one

thousand,three

hundred

and

twentieth

第一千三百二十

(4)序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式

主要縮寫形式有。

first—lst,

second—2nd,

third—3rd,

fourth—4th,

twentieth—20th,

twenty-third——23rd

,

其中l(wèi)st,2nd,3rd為特殊形式,其它的都是阿拉伯數(shù)字后加上th。

【注:序數(shù)詞在使用時,通常前面要加定冠詞

the;但是如果序數(shù)詞前出現(xiàn)不定冠詞a或an時,則表示―再—‖,―又—‖。

We'll

go

over

it

a

second

time.

我們得再念第二遍。

七、表達天氣和季節(jié):

1、天氣的表達:英語中通常用it來代替天氣,所以表達天氣最常用的句型就是:It

is

+

表示天氣的形容詞

+

in

+

月份或季節(jié)等。

如:

Is

it

ever

fine

and

warm

in

England?

2、針對天氣的提問通常用What‘s

the

weather

like

…?句型。

如:What’s

the

weather

like

in

July

here?

I’s

often

wet

and

hot.

3、四季的表述:春:

夏:

冬:

;四季之前用介詞in,而且不能使用冠詞!

如:It’s

often

cold

and

dry

in

winter.

測試:想想表示天氣的形容詞:

八、時間、日期、年齡和星期的表達方式:

1、時間的表達方式:

A/整點時間的表達方式用―小時數(shù)+o‘clock‖,

如:six

o’clock.

B/半點的表達方式用―half

past

+小時數(shù)‖,half

past

six.

C/整點過一刻或半點之內(nèi)的表達方式有用:

―a

quarter(數(shù)字)

past

+

小時數(shù)‖,如:twenty-six

past

six.

D/整點差一刻或半點之內(nèi)的表達方式有用:

―a

quarter(數(shù)字)

to

+

小時數(shù)‖,如:twenty-six

to

six.

◆與具體鐘點連用用介詞at.

如:at

twenty-six

past

six.

2、日期的兩種表達方式:

A/―the

+

序數(shù)詞

+

of

+

月份‖,如:the

first

of

August.

B/―月份

+

the

+

序數(shù)詞‖,如:September

the

fourth.

【注意】

◆與月份連用的介詞一般是in。如:My

birthday

is

in

April.

◆而在具體的某一天就要用介詞on.

如:I

must

go

at

two

on

Friday.

You

can

come

home

on

the

third

of

February.提問?

(動腦筋哦?。?/p>

◆針對具體幾月幾日提問要用What’s

the

date

…,回答用It

is

+

日期。如:What’s

the

date

today?

→It

is

the

ninth

of

January.

掌握月份:一、二、三…十二月:注意第一個字母何時何地要大寫哦!

3、年齡的表達方式:用―數(shù)字

+

years

old‖或直接數(shù)字表達。

如:Karen

is

42

years

old.

→How

old

is

Karen?

Robert

is

9.

→How

old

is

Robert?

4、星期幾的表達方式:It

is

+

星期一(二、三…)。提問用What

day

is

it?

如:What

day

is

it

today,

Karen?

It‘s

Monday.

掌握星期一(二、三…日):注意第一個字母何時何地要大寫哦!

九、頻度副詞

頻度副詞是指表示動作發(fā)生的次數(shù)的副詞。動作有時發(fā)生,經(jīng)常發(fā)生,還是總是發(fā)生呢?常見頻度副詞按頻率大小排列如下:

always(100%)>usually(80%)>often(60%)>sometimes(40%)>seldom(20%)>

never(0%)。

1、頻度副詞在句子中的位臵

◆位于be動詞、助動詞等之后,行為動詞之前。

1.

在be動詞之后。如:She

is

sometimes

very

busy.

2.

在第一個助動詞或情態(tài)動詞之后。如:I

will

never

forget

this

lesson.

3.

在實義動詞之前。如:

It

never

snows

in

winter

here.◆sometimes也可放在句首、句中或句末,often也可放在句末(一般不放在句首)。如:

Sometimes

she

writes

to

me.

=She

writes

to

me

sometimes.

She

writes

to

me

often.

Never

tell

him

the

news.

千萬不要告訴他這消息。

2、頻度副詞的用法

◆always

頻率最高,表示―一直、總是‖,其反義詞為never。如:The

rich

are

not

always

happy.

有錢的人并不總是快樂的。

Li

Ping

is

always

late

for

school.(變?yōu)榉穸ň洌鶯i

Ping

is

never

late

for

school.(全部否定)

【注意】always等與not連用時,表示部分否定。

Li

Ping

is

not

always

late

for

school.

李平上學不總是遲到。

【頻度副詞通常和一般現(xiàn)在時連用,表示動作發(fā)生的頻率。但always與進行時連用時,并不強調(diào)動作正在進行,而是表示贊嘆、厭煩等情緒。如:He

is

always

thinking

of

others.(贊嘆)

She

is

always

asking

silly

questions.

她總是問些愚蠢的問題。(厭煩)】

◆usually意為―通?!?,表示習慣性動作或狀態(tài),很少有例外。如:

We

usually

go

to

school

at

seven

in

the

morning.

My

mother

and

I

usually

go

shopping

on

Sundays.

◆Often意為―經(jīng)常,時?!?,表示反復性的動作或狀態(tài),中間有間斷,不如usually那么頻繁。其反義詞是seldom。

如:It

often

rains

here

in

April.

The

boys

often

eat

noodles

and

the

girls

sometimes

eat

them.

He

writes

to

his

friends

quite

often.

(often在句尾時常被very或quite連用)。他常給他的朋友寫信。

◆sometimes意為―有時‖,頻率不及often,表示動作偶爾發(fā)生,間斷時間較長。其位臵比較靈活,放在句首、句中、句末都可。如:

Sometimes

we

go

to

the

cinema

and

at

other

times

we

go

for

a

walk.

/I

sometimes

watch

TV

in

the

evening.

/My

father

has

lunch

in

the

factory

sometimes.

◆seldom意為―很少‖;never意為―從不‖。這兩個副詞表示否定意義,動作幾乎不會發(fā)生。

如:

He

seldom

eats

breakfast.

他很少吃早餐。

The

little

girl

seldom

goes

out.

這個小女孩很少外出。

The

boys

never

eat

chocolate

and

the

girls

seldom

eat

it.

男生從不吃巧克力,女生很少吃。

[諺語]Better

late

than

never.

遲到(遲做)總比不來(不做)好。

◆hardly具有否定意義,表示―幾乎不、簡直不‖,除非特殊情況,否則不會發(fā)生。如:

The

boy

is

so

young

that

he

could

hardly

understand

it.

◆對上述頻度副詞提問時,用how

often。如:

I

write

to

my

brother

sometimes.

→How

often

do

you

write

to

your

brother?

十、特殊疑問詞:

特殊疑問詞是特殊疑問句中必有(開頭第一個)的單詞,回答不同一般疑問句,答法通常有時間、地點、人名、多少、原因等。記法:特殊疑問詞的開頭一般是Wh,How。常見的特殊疑問詞:

1、where:哪里(狀語)

例:

Where

is

my

blue

shirt?

2、what

:什么

例:

What

are

your

favourite

animals?

What

is

the

weather

like

in

July

here?

It’s

often

sunny.

◆what

colour:問顏色(表語)

◆what

time:針對鐘點提問

◆what

date/day:針對幾月幾號/星期提問

◆what

language:什么語言

◆what

kind

of:

什么樣的…(對對方所詢問的人或物品進行詳細描述。)

例:I

like

story

books.

→What

kind

of

books

do

you

like?

3、when:針對所有表示時間的短語提問(回答用At...

On...)

例:My

music

lesson

is

at

half

past

three.

→What

time

is

your

music

lesson?

或者→

When

is

your

music

lesson?

You

can

call

me

tomorrow.

→When

can

I

call

you?

(只能用When,而不能用What

time)

4、which:哪一個,哪個

5、who

:誰

(

回答用He

is...

/She

is...

/They

are...等)

6、whom:

誰(賓格)

7、whose:誰的

(回答用It

is…

/These/Those

are…等)

8、why:

為什么

(回答用Because,問原因)

9、How:怎么樣

◆How

many:多少數(shù)量

How

much:多少(不可數(shù)名詞/價格)

例如:How

much

beer

do

you

want?

◆How

old:幾歲(用于年齡)

◆How

big:多大

◆How

heavy:多重

◆How

far:多遠路程

◆How

often:多少次(常用于頻度副詞的提問)

十一、現(xiàn)在進行時

1現(xiàn)在進行時表達的內(nèi)容:現(xiàn)在進行時表示A、現(xiàn)在(說話的瞬間)正在進行或發(fā)生的動作,強調(diào)―此時此刻‖。例如:

He

is

reading

.

They

are

talking

now.

B、當前一段時間內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作。例如:

They

are

working

these

days.

C、某些動詞的現(xiàn)在進行時,表預定的計劃或即將發(fā)生的動作。例如:

I

am

coming.

總之,此類時態(tài)一般由look,

listen,

now,

at

this

moment等時間狀語做標志。

2、現(xiàn)在進行時的句型結構:其結構為be+現(xiàn)在分詞.

3、現(xiàn)在分詞的變法:

1)、一般在動詞詞尾加上-ing

,例:

jump

2)、以不發(fā)音字母e結尾的動詞,先去e,再加-ing.

例:

have

write

3)、以重讀閉音節(jié)末尾只有一個輔音字母結尾的詞,它前面是單個元音字母時要先將詞尾的輔音字母雙寫,再加上-ing.

例:

sit

put

4、現(xiàn)在進行時的句式變換:都在be上做文章

例:

肯定句:

He

is

buying

a

bike.

否定句:He

isn’t

buying

a

bike.

疑問句:Is

he

buying

a

bike?

【特別提醒】盡管現(xiàn)在進行時比較簡單,但在做題過程中也常會犯一些錯誤,常見的錯誤有如下幾種:

1)、

把動詞變成現(xiàn)在分詞形式易出錯;

例:◆

They

are

swiming.(swim)

◆Jenny

is

plaiing(play)football.

答案:

swimming

/playing

【解析】:動詞變現(xiàn)在分詞可有如下口訣:―一添一去y不變‖.

―一添‖指雙寫規(guī)則;―一去‖指去掉不發(fā)音字母e規(guī)則;―y不變‖指要與名詞變復數(shù)區(qū)分開。

2)、

丟掉be動詞或忘記把動詞變成現(xiàn)在分詞;

例:◆

Look,two

children

flying

(fly)

a

kite

in

the

park.

◆Li

Mingisn’t

read

(

not

read)

a

book

in

bed

now.

答案:

are

flying

/isn’t

reading

【解析】:現(xiàn)在進行時肯定句的結構規(guī)律為:

―be+現(xiàn)在分詞,缺一不可‖。這一點必須牢記。

3)、

對動詞或動詞詞組提問時丟掉doing

◆The

students

are

singing

in

the

room.(對劃線部分提問)

What

are

the

students

in

the

room?

答案:What

are

the

students

doing

in

the

room?

【解析】:現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)中,對動作提問可記住此句式―What

+be

+主語+doing+其它?‖句式。

4)、現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)的選擇疑問句中易忽視or后用現(xiàn)在分詞形式

例:孩子們在跑還是在跳?

Are

the

children

running

or

jump?

答案:Are

the

children

running

or

jumping?

【解析】:

or連接的是兩個并列成分,動詞形式須一致。

【測試訓練】一

、單選

1、

Look!

He

_____their

mother

do

the

housework.

A.

is

helping

B.

are

help

C.

is

help

D.

is

helpping

2

、

____are

the

boys

doing

?

They

are

singing

in

the

room.A

.Who

B

.How

C.What

D.Where

3、

Don’t

talk

here.

My

mother

_____.

A.

is

sleeping

B

.are

sleeping

C.

sleeping

D

.sleep

4

、Danny

______.

Don’t

call

him.

A.

is

writeing

B

.is

writing

C.writing

D

.writes

5

、–When_____he_____back?

Sorry,

I

don’t

know.

A.

does,come

B.are

coming

C.is

come

D.is

coming

、填空

1、

It’s

ten

o’clock.

My

mother

_____(lie)in

bed.

2、

What____he

_____(mend)?

3、

We

_____(play)games

now.

4、

What

____you____(do)

these

days?

5、

____he

___(clean)

the

classroom?

6、

Who____(sing)in

the

next

room?

7、The

girl____(like)wearing

a

sweater.

Look!

She

____(wear)a

red

sweater

today.

十二、一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài):一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常的、習慣性的動作或客觀事實、真理。一般現(xiàn)在時的構成有兩種形式:

1、be動詞構成的一般現(xiàn)在時:be動詞的形式要隨主語的變化而變化:◆肯定句:I

am

……

You/We/They

are……

He/She/It

is……

◆否定句:I

am

not

……

You/We/They

are

not

(aren’t)……

He/She/It

is

not

(isn’t)…例句:

It’s

not

very

long.

◆一般疑問句:Am

I

……?

Are

you/we/they……?

Is

he/she/it……?

◆特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞

+

am

+

I……?

特殊疑問詞

+

are

+

you/we/they……?

特殊疑問詞

+

is

+

he/she/it……?

2、實義動詞構成的一般現(xiàn)在時:

實義動詞構成一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)時,當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)【第三人稱單數(shù):人稱代詞分為第一人稱、第二人稱、第三人稱。單數(shù)是指一個人,多于一個人就為復數(shù)。I(我)、You(你)、He/She/It(他/她/它)

分別是

第一人稱、第二人稱、第三人稱的單數(shù)形式?!康臅r候,謂語動詞也要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式;而當其他人稱代詞作主語時,謂語動詞則要用原形。

【動詞第三人稱單數(shù):動詞單三形式變化規(guī)則跟名詞變復數(shù)的規(guī)則類似,即:大多數(shù)動詞在詞尾加s;以輔音字母加y結尾的詞要變y為i加es;以字母s、x、sh、ch、o結尾的詞要加es。如:

1、He

speaks

English

well.

2、David

plays

basketball

very

well.

3、

My

sister

does

her

homework

first

after

school.

4、The

weather

often

changes

here.】

◆肯定句:I

/We/You/They

+

動詞原形

+

……

He/She/It

+

動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式

+

……

◆否定句:I

/

We

/

You

/They

+

do

not(don’t)

+

動詞原形

+

……

He/She/It

+

does

not(doesn’t)

+

動詞原形

+

……..

◆一般疑問句:Do

+

I

/We/You/They

+

動詞原形

+

…………?

Does

+

he/she/it

+

動詞原形

+……?

◆特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞

+

do

you/we/they

+

動詞原形

+……?

特殊疑問詞

+

does

he/she/it

+

動詞原形+……?

How

much

juice

do

you

want

?

十三、一般將來時用法

1、概述:一般將來時表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常與表示將來的時間狀語連用,如tomorrow,

next

week,

next

year等。例:

Why

don’t

you

put

the

meat

in

the

fridge?

It

will

stay

fresh

for

several

days.

2、構成:一般將來時由―助動詞will/shall+動詞原形‖構成。will用于第二、三人稱,shall第一人稱。在口語中,will在名詞或代詞后??s寫為'll,will

not簡縮為won‘t[wount]。但在美國英語中,各種人稱皆可用will。例:

He

will

help

his

sister

with

her

lessons.

We

won't

be

free

this

afternoon.

3、用法:

1)、表示未來的動作或存在狀態(tài),常與表示將來的時間狀語連用。如tomorrow,

next

Sunday,

soon,

in

a

month,

in

the

future等。

We

shall

leave

for

London

next

Monday.

He

will

come

to

see

you

the

day

after

tomorrow.

You

will

be

20

next

year.明年你就二十了。

2)、表示將來反復發(fā)生的動作或習慣性動作。例:

We

shall

come

and

work

in

this

factory

every

year.

The

students

will

have

five

English

classes

per

week

this

term.

4、其他表達方法

1)―be

going

to+動詞原形‖表將來:

這種結構表示打算、計劃、決定要做的事或肯定要發(fā)生的事。

What

are

you

going

to

do

next

Sunday?

They

are

going

to

meet

outside

the

school

gate.

還可表示說話人根據(jù)已有的事實或跡象,認為某事即將發(fā)生、肯定會發(fā)生或可能出現(xiàn)的情況。

I

think

I'm

going

to

die.

我想我要死了。(現(xiàn)在生命垂危)

Look

at

the

cloud.

It’s

going

to

rain.烏云密布,使我斷定天要下雨)

The

ice

is

going

to

break.冰就要破了。③這種結構表示―肯定、預測,注定會‖。在這種情況下可以和―think,

hope,

want,

believe,

like‖等表示靜態(tài)的動詞連用。

The

question

is

going

to

be

very

complex.這個問題將會很復雜。

The

voters

aren’t

going

to

like

him.選民們不會喜歡他的。

④be

going

to

和will的區(qū)別:A.

will表示說話人認為、相信、希望或假定要發(fā)生的事,不含任何具體的時間,可以指遙遠的將來;而be

going

to

指有跡象表明某事即將發(fā)生或肯定發(fā)生,通常指很快就要發(fā)生的事情。

Listen

to

the

wind.

We

are

going

to

have

a

rough

crossing.聽那風聲,我們橫渡時一定困難很大。

He

will

get

better.他的病會好的。(即認為最終會恢復健康,而不是馬上恢復)

He

is

gong

to

get

better.他的病就會好了。(指有恢復的跡象)

B.

be

gong

to

和will均可表示意圖,但事先考慮過的意圖用be

going

to,不是事先考慮過的意圖用will。

-Why

have

you

torn

the

paper

into

pieces?你怎么把論代撕了?-

I

am

going

to

rewrite

it.(事先考慮,不用will)我要重寫。

-Is

it

really

a

big

stone?

-I

will

help

you

to

move

it.(未經(jīng)事先考慮,不用be

going

to

)

2)、用現(xiàn)在進行時來表示將來:現(xiàn)在進行時表示按計劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作,這一結構常用于表示位臵轉移的動詞,如come

,

go

,

leave,

start

,move,

arrive等,還有join,

play,

eat,

work,

return,

take,

wear,

stay,

sleep,

meet等。常與表示將來的時間狀語連用。

I'm

leaving

for

Tibet

on

Sunday.星期天我要去西藏。

He

is

not

coming.他不來了。

They

are

arriving

tomorrow

afternoon.他們明天下午到達。

3)、

―be

to+動詞原形‖表將來:

―be

to+動詞原形‖表示約定的、計劃中的或按職責、義務要求要發(fā)生的動作,這種動作通常是人的意志所能控制的,或用于征求意見。

There's

to

be

a

slide

show

this

afternoon.今天下午要放幻燈。

You

are

to

hand

in

your

papers

by

10

o'clock.

10點你得交上試卷。

If

a

man

is

to

succeed,

he

must

work

as

hard

as

he

can.一個人要想成功,他就必須拼命干。

十四、一般過去時:簡單地說是表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。

一般過去時態(tài)句子結構:

1.

Be

動詞的一般過去時態(tài):在沒有實義動詞的句子中使用be動詞,

am

is

的過去式為was;

are的過去式為were.構成:

肯定句:主語+was

(were)

+表語

如:I

was

late

yesterday.

否定句:主語+was

(were)

+not+表語

如:We

weren't

late

yesterday.

She

wasn't

a

teacher

three

years

ago.

疑問句:一般疑問句:Was

(Were)

+主語+表語

如:Were

you

ill

yesterday?

Were

they

once

your

classmates?

肯定回答:

Yes,

I

was.

否定句:

No,

I

wasn't.

特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+

Was

(Were)

+主語+表語

Who

were

your

best

friends

in

your

primary

school?

2.

實義動詞的一般過去時態(tài):肯定句要使用動詞的過去式,否定句和疑問句要使用助動詞do和

does

的過去式

did.

肯定句為:主語+動詞過去式+賓語

如:I

went

home

at

nine

o'clock

yesterday.

否定句:主語+didn't

+動詞原形+賓語

如:I

didn't

go

home

yesterday.

He

didn't

tell

me

about

you.

疑問句:一般疑問句:Did

+主語+動詞原形+賓語

如:Did

you

go

home

yesterday?

Did

you

study

in

the

school?

肯定回答:

Yes,

I

did.

否定回答:No,

I

didn't.

特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+did

+主語+動詞原型+賓語

When

did

you

finish

your

homework

last

night?

What

did

you

do

the

day

before

yesterday?

3.

助動詞和情態(tài)動詞過去式如下:

shall―should(將要)用于第一人稱單數(shù)

will―would(將要)用于所有人稱

can―

could(能,會)

may―might(可以)

must―must

(必須)

have

to―had

to(不得不)

助動詞和情態(tài)動詞的過去時態(tài)要使用他們的過去式,后面的動詞還使用原形。

如:

I

had

to

do

my

homework

yesterday.

(昨天我不得不做作業(yè)。)

一般過去時的時間狀語表示一般過去時的時間狀語有:a

moment

ago(剛才),yesterday

morning,last

night/

week,the

day

before

yesterday(前天),just

now(剛才)等。

4、一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時的比較:一般現(xiàn)在時要和現(xiàn)在的時間相聯(lián)系,而一般過去時和說話的―現(xiàn)在‖沒有聯(lián)系。

His

father

is

a

film

director.他父親是電影導演

(他現(xiàn)在還是)

His

father

was

a

film

director.他父親曾是電影導演

(他現(xiàn)在不是)

How

do

you

like

the

novel?你覺得這部小說怎么樣?(還在看小說)

How

did

you

like

the

novel?

你覺得這部小說怎么樣?(已看完小說)

5、動詞的過去式可分為規(guī)則動詞和不規(guī)則動詞。規(guī)則動詞的過去式變化如下:

(1)一般情況下,動詞詞尾加

ed

,如:

work—worked;

play—played;want—

wanted;

act—acted

(2)以不發(fā)音的

e

結尾動詞,動詞詞尾加

d,如:

live—lived;

move—moved;decide—decided;decline—declined;

hope—hoped;

(3)以輔音字母

+

y結尾的動詞,把y變?yōu)閕

再加ed,:

Studied

tried

copied

cried

carried

emptied

(4)以一個輔音字母結尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動詞,雙寫詞尾輔音字母,再加

ed,如:

stopped

begged

dragged

dropped

planned

dotted

dripped

(5)注:不規(guī)則動詞的過去式變化規(guī)律性不強,須多加記憶。

go

-

went,make

-

made,get

-

got

,buy

-

bought

,come

-

came

,fly-flew

,is/am-was,are-were

,see-saw,bring-brought,do-did,teach-taught,

think-thought,

say-said,

sit-sat.

read-read,spend-spent,eat-ate,give-gave,sit-sat,tell-told,write-wrote,feel-felt,find-found,hear-heard,know-knew,

put-put,grow-grew,take-took,catch-caught,come-came,become-became,swim-swam,sweep—swept,sing—sang,draw—drew,

以上的(1)至(4)條中的發(fā)音均有改變,具體分別有/d/

/t/

/id/。

專項練習

選擇

1.

She

lived

there

before

he

____

to

China.

A.

came

B.

comes

C.

come

D.

coming

)2.

I

_____

but

_____

nothing.

A

.

was

listened;

was

hearing

B.

listened;

heard

C

.

have

listened;

heard

D.

listened;

heard

of

)3.

When

did

you

____here?

A.

got

to

B.

reached

C.

arrive

in

D.

reach

)4.

I

____

my

homework

at

7:00

yesterday

evening.

A.

finished

B.

would

finish

C.

was

finishing

D.

finish

)5

He

didn't

go

shopping

with

you

yesterday

afternoon,

did

he?

_______.

A.

No,

he

doesn't

B.

Yes,

he

didn't

C.

No,

he

did

D.

Yes,

he

did.

(

)

6

-I

have

had

supper.

When

____you

____it?

A.

have;

had

B.

do,

have

C.

did,

have

D.

will

have

二、請用正確動詞形式填空。

1

They____(be)

on

the

farm

a

moment

ago.

2

There____(be)a

shop

not

long

ago.

3

Jenny____(not

go)to

bed

until

11:00

o'clock

last

night.4

Danny

_____(read

)English

five

minutes

ago.5

I

_____(see)Li

Lei

____(go)

out

just

now.

6

He

____(do)his

homework

every

day.

But

he

__(not

do)it

yesterday.

7

When

I

was

young,

I

_____(play)games

with

my

friends.

8

When

____you_____(write)this

book?

I

_____it

last

year.

9

Did

he____(have)

lunch

at

home?

10

I

_____(eat)

the

bread,

I

'm

full

now.

11.

I

_________

(have)

an

exciting

party

last

weekend.

12.

_________

she

_________(practice)

her

guitar

yesterday?

No,

she

_________.

13.

What

________

Tom

________

(do)

on

Saturday

evening?

He

_____(watch)

TV

and

______(read)

an

interesting

book.

14.

They

all

_________(go)

to

the

mountains

yesterday

morning.

15.

She

_________(not

visit)

her

aunt

last

weekend.

She

________

(stay)

at

home

and

_________(do)

some

cleaning.

16.

When

________

you

_________(write)

this

song?

I

__________(write)

it

last

year.

17.

My

friend,

Carol,

_______(study)

for

the

math

test

and

________(practice)

English

last

night.

18.

________

Mr.

Li

_____(do)

the

project

on

Monday

morning?

Yes,

he

_________.

19.

How

______(be)

Jim's

weekend?

It

_____(be

not)

bad.

20.

______(be)

your

mother

a

sales

assistant

last

year?

No.

she

__________.

三、翻譯下列句子

1.

我過了一個忙碌但卻刺激的周末。

I

_________

_________

__________

__________

exciting

weekend.

2.

Jenny喜歡看書。昨晚她看了一本英語書。

Jenny

likes

_______.

She

_____

an

English

book

last

night.

3.

Emma每天都看電視??墒亲蛱焖麤]有看。

Emma

_______

TV

every

day.

But

he

_________

yesterday.

4.

上周六他們做什么了?他們做作業(yè)和購物了。

What

________

they

_________

_________

Saturday?

They

_________

__________

homework

and

_________

__________.

三、改寫句子:

1、Lucy

did

her

homework

at

home.(改否定句)

Lucy

___________

___________

her

homework

at

home.

2、He

found

some

meat

in

the

fridge(冰箱).(變一般疑問句)

___________

he

__________

___________

meat

in

the

fridge?

3、She

stayed

there

for

a

week.(對劃線部分提問)

__________

___________

__________

she

__________

there?

4、There

was

some

orange

in

the

cup.(變一般疑問句)

_________

there

___________

orange

in

the

cup?

十五、形容詞比較級和最高級:

絕大多數(shù)形容詞有三種形式,原級,比較級和最高級,

以表示形容詞說明的性質(zhì)在程度上的不同。

(一)、形容詞的原級:

形容詞的原級形式就是形容詞的原形。

例如:

poor

tall

great

glad

bad

。

(二)、形容詞的比較級和最高級:

形容詞的比較級和最高級形式是在形容詞的原級形式的基礎上變化的。

分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化。

1、規(guī)則變化如下:

1)

單音節(jié)形容詞的比較級和最高級形式是在詞尾加

–er(est

)。

great

(原級):

(比較級)

(最高級)

2)

-e

結尾的單音節(jié)形容詞的比較級和最高級是在詞尾加

-r

-st

構成。

wide

(原級):

(比較級)

(最高級)

3)少數(shù)以-y,

-er,

-ow,

-ble結尾的雙音節(jié)形容詞的比較級和最高級是在詞尾加-er

和-est

構成。

clever(原級):

(比較級)

(最高級)

4)

-y

結尾,但

-y

前是輔音字母的形容詞的比較級和最高級是把

-y

去掉,加上

-ier

和-est

構成.

happy

(原形):

(比較級)

(最高級)

5)

以一個輔音字母結尾其前面的元音字母發(fā)短元音的形容詞的比較級和最高級是雙寫該輔音字母然后再加-er和-est。

big

(原級):

(比較級)

(最高級)

6)

雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)形容詞的比較級和最高級需用more

most

加在形容詞前面來構成。

beautiful

(原級):

(比較級)

(最高級)

difficult

(原級):

(比較級)

(最高級)

2、常用的不規(guī)則變化的形容詞的比較級和最高級:

goodbetterbest

manymoremost

muchmoremost

badworseworst

farfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest

形容詞前如加

less

least

,則表示"較不"和"最不"

:

important

重要

less

important

較~

least

important

最~

(三)、形容詞比較級的用法:

形容詞的比較級用于兩個人或事物的比較,其結構形式如下:

主語+謂語(系動詞)+

形容詞比較級+than+

對比成分。

也就是,

含有形容詞比較級的主句+than+從句。注意從句常常省去意義上和主句相同的部分,

而只剩下對比的成分。

Our

teacher

is

we

are.

我們老師的個子比我們的高。

It

is

today

than

it

was

yesterday.

今天的天氣比昨天暖和。

This

picture

is

than

that

one.

這張照片比那張照片漂亮。

This

meeting

is

than

that

one.

這次會議不如那次會議重要。

The

sun

is

than

the

moon.

太陽比月亮大得多。

(四)、形容詞最高級的用法:

形容詞最高級用于兩個以上的人和物進行比較,

其結構形式為:

主語+謂語(系動詞)+the+形容詞最高級+名詞+表示范圍的短語或從句。

She

is

student

her

class.

她是班上最好的學生。

Shanghai

is

one

of

cities

China.

上海是中國最大城市之一

This

is

apple

I

have

ever

met.

這是我見到的最大的蘋果。

Tom

is

boy

in

his

basketball

team.湯姆是他們籃球隊中個子最高的孩子。

練習題:

1.

This

box

is___

that

one.

A.

heavy

than

B.

so

heavy

than

C.

heavier

as

D.

as

heavy

as

2.

This

book

is____

that

one,

but____

than

that

one.

A.

as

difficult

as;

expensive

B.

as

more

difficult

as;

more

expensive

C.

as

difficult

as;

more

expensive

D.

more

difficult

as;

as

expensive

3.

I

think

the

story

is

not

so

___

as

that

one.

A.

interesting

B.

interested

C.

more

interesting

D.

most

interesting

4.

His

father

began

to

work____

he

was

seven

years

old.

A.

as

old

as

B.

as

early

as

C.

since

D.

while

5.

I

think

science

is

_

than

Japanese.

A.

much

important

B.

important

C.

much

more

important

D.

more

much

important6.

This

pencil

is___

than

that

one.

A.

longest

B.

long

C.

longer

D.

as

long

7.

My

mother

is

no

___

young.

A.

shorter

B.

longer

C.

little

D.

few

8.These

children

are

____

this

year

th

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