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4/14新概念英語青少版2A語法知識大全一、助動詞
do/does
的用法
例句:Do
you
want
any
breakfast
,Paul
?
How
much
juice
do
you
want
?
I
don’t
want
any
coffee,
but
I
want
some
tea
.
這里,我們看這幾個句子既出現(xiàn)了實義動詞want,又出現(xiàn)了do,仔細觀察發(fā)現(xiàn):這些句子都是在的幫助下形成的,因此稱這個do為助動詞。
助動詞在句中不能獨立使用作謂語,并通常用于主語為第一人稱、第二人稱或者第三人稱復數(shù)的疑問句和否定句中。
【第三人稱復數(shù):人稱代詞分為第一人稱、第二人稱、第三人稱。單數(shù)是指一個人,多于一個人就為復數(shù)。We(我們)、You(你們)、They(他們/她們/它們)
分別是
第一人稱、第二人稱、第三人稱的
復數(shù)形式?!?/p>
1、將一個肯定句變?yōu)橐蓡柧鋾r,應將do/does放在主語的前面,實義動詞用原形。
例句:I/
We
/
You
want
some
yoghurt.
→Do
you
want
any
yoghurt
?
William
wants
some
beer.→Does
William
want
any
beer?
She
likes
that
one.
→Does
she
like
that
one?
2、變否定句時則要在句中謂語動詞的前面加do
not(don’t)或doesn’t。
例句:I
don‘t
want
any
coffee,
but
I
want
some
tea
.
She
doesn‘t
like
that
one.
→Doesn‘t
she
like
that
one?
William
wants
some
beer.→William
doesn‘t
want
any
beer.
3、變特殊疑問句時,見一、2、D/講解部分及特殊疑問詞部分。
二、Can/Must/May等情態(tài)動詞的用法
1、can的具體用法:can是情態(tài)動詞,不能在句中單獨作謂語,必須和其他動詞原形構成謂語。情態(tài)動詞沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化,也就是說,不管主語是第幾人稱,單數(shù)還是復數(shù),can都沒有變化。即表示能力,也表示可能性。
【口訣:can的用法很重要,千變?nèi)f化都知道??隙ㄓ胏an加原形,否定把can變can‘t,疑問can就往前提,原形留在主語后。細心體會多練習,保證不會犯錯誤?!?/p>
例如:
肯定句:Vikki
can
drive
a
car.
變否定句:Vikki
can’t
drive
a
car.
變一般疑問句:Can
Vikki
drive
a
car?
變特殊疑問句:Who
can
drive
a
car?
2、must的具體用法:must與can一樣,都是情態(tài)動詞,不能在句中單獨作謂語,必須和其他動詞原形構成謂語。也沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化.must是―必須‖的意思,表示語氣強烈的命令、意圖等。在否定句和疑問句的用法也與can一樣。
You
must
eat.
Must
you
go
now?
I
can
drink
some
water
,but
I
mustn’t
eat.3、can‘t與mustn‘t的區(qū)別:
can‘t
意即―不能,不會‖,
表示不可能、無法;mustn‘t而意為―禁止,不可以‖,表示強烈的建議、意圖和命令等,語氣強硬。
4、may的具體用法:助詞。
1)
(表示可能性)可能,也許:She
may
be
a
nurse.
2)(表示許可或請求許可)可以:"May
I
come
in?"
"Yes,
please."
3)(表示希望、祝愿等)祝,愿:May
you
succeed!
4)
(表示目的)(以便)能,(使...)可以
They
try
to
cure
the
disease
so
that
people
may
live
longer.
他們設法根治該病以便使人們活得更長些。
5)
(用于問句中,表示不確定)會,究竟:
Who
may
the
man
be?
這個人會是誰呢?
6)
表示期望)能夠,會:We
hope
she
may
win.
我們希望她會獲勝。
三、have/has
got
的用法
在英語中通常用
have
got代替
have,當主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時,用has
got
代替has,have
got
或has
got可以與前面的主語縮寫為
‘ve
或
?s。
1)肯定式:We’ve
(We
have
)got
an
English
lesson
today.
Lucy
and
Tom
have
got
two
chairs.
My
parents
have
got
a
big
house.
You
have
got
everything.
你什么都有了。
He
has
got
terrible
toothache.
2):否定式:
在have
got
中,have
為助動詞,在其后加否定詞not,
就可以構成否定句。Have/Has
not
got=haven‘t/has
n‘t
got
如:They
haven’t
got
computer
lessons
this
week.
He
hasn’t
got
a
pencil.
My
mother
hasn’t
got
much
money.
3)、一般疑問句及回答
:只需將have或has提前到句首即可?;卮饡r協(xié)助于助動詞have或has.
如:Have
you
got
a
notebook?
Yes,
I
have./No,
I
haven’t.
Have
they
got
a
library?
Yes,
they
have./No,
they
haven’t.
Has
Tom
got
stomach-ache?
Yes,
he
has./No,
he
hasn’t.
4)、特殊問句:
只需選用恰當?shù)囊蓡栐~,再接正確的一般疑問句即可。
How
many
rulers
have
they
got?
When
have
they
got
this
school?
What
has
he
got
?
【特別提醒】:只能用have/has,不能用have
/has
got的情形
。
◆在助動詞或情態(tài)動詞之后,不能用have
/has
got
。
He
hasn’t
got
a
computer.(T)
(F)
He
doesn’t
have
got
a
computer.
He
doesn‘t
have
a
computer.(T)
◆當have與動詞轉化而來的名詞構成短語時,不能用have
/has
got
。
Have
a
look,
have
a
break,
have
a
drink
◆在一些固定搭配中,不能用have
/has
got
。
Have
a
good
time,
have
breakfast,
have
lessons
如:
six—
sixth,
nineteen—nineteenth.
2)從第20-99:
整數(shù)第幾十的形式由基數(shù)詞改變結尾字母y為i,再加―eth‖構成。
twenty—twentieth,
thirty—hirtieth
表示第幾十幾時,用幾十的基數(shù)詞形式加上連字符―-‖和個位序數(shù)詞形式一起表示。
thirty-first
第三十一,
fifty-sixth
第五十六
,
seventy-third
第七十三,
ninety-ninth
第九十九
3)第一百以上的多位序數(shù)詞
由基數(shù)詞的形式變結尾部分為序數(shù)詞形式來表示。
one
hundred
and
twenty-first
第一百二十一,
one
thousand,three
hundred
and
twentieth
第一千三百二十
(4)序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式
主要縮寫形式有。
first—lst,
second—2nd,
third—3rd,
fourth—4th,
twentieth—20th,
twenty-third——23rd
,
其中l(wèi)st,2nd,3rd為特殊形式,其它的都是阿拉伯數(shù)字后加上th。
【注:序數(shù)詞在使用時,通常前面要加定冠詞
the;但是如果序數(shù)詞前出現(xiàn)不定冠詞a或an時,則表示―再—‖,―又—‖。
We'll
go
over
it
a
second
time.
我們得再念第二遍。
】
七、表達天氣和季節(jié):
1、天氣的表達:英語中通常用it來代替天氣,所以表達天氣最常用的句型就是:It
is
+
表示天氣的形容詞
+
in
+
月份或季節(jié)等。
如:
Is
it
ever
fine
and
warm
in
England?
2、針對天氣的提問通常用What‘s
the
weather
like
…?句型。
如:What’s
the
weather
like
in
July
here?
I’s
often
wet
and
hot.
3、四季的表述:春:
夏:
秋
冬:
;四季之前用介詞in,而且不能使用冠詞!
如:It’s
often
cold
and
dry
in
winter.
測試:想想表示天氣的形容詞:
八、時間、日期、年齡和星期的表達方式:
1、時間的表達方式:
A/整點時間的表達方式用―小時數(shù)+o‘clock‖,
如:six
o’clock.
B/半點的表達方式用―half
past
+小時數(shù)‖,half
past
six.
C/整點過一刻或半點之內(nèi)的表達方式有用:
―a
quarter(數(shù)字)
past
+
小時數(shù)‖,如:twenty-six
past
six.
D/整點差一刻或半點之內(nèi)的表達方式有用:
―a
quarter(數(shù)字)
to
+
小時數(shù)‖,如:twenty-six
to
six.
◆與具體鐘點連用用介詞at.
如:at
twenty-six
past
six.
2、日期的兩種表達方式:
A/―the
+
序數(shù)詞
+
of
+
月份‖,如:the
first
of
August.
B/―月份
+
the
+
序數(shù)詞‖,如:September
the
fourth.
【注意】
◆與月份連用的介詞一般是in。如:My
birthday
is
in
April.
◆而在具體的某一天就要用介詞on.
如:I
must
go
at
two
on
Friday.
You
can
come
home
on
the
third
of
February.提問?
→
(動腦筋哦?。?/p>
◆針對具體幾月幾日提問要用What’s
the
date
…,回答用It
is
+
日期。如:What’s
the
date
today?
→It
is
the
ninth
of
January.
掌握月份:一、二、三…十二月:注意第一個字母何時何地要大寫哦!
3、年齡的表達方式:用―數(shù)字
+
years
old‖或直接數(shù)字表達。
如:Karen
is
42
years
old.
→How
old
is
Karen?
Robert
is
9.
→How
old
is
Robert?
4、星期幾的表達方式:It
is
+
星期一(二、三…)。提問用What
day
is
it?
如:What
day
is
it
today,
Karen?
It‘s
Monday.
掌握星期一(二、三…日):注意第一個字母何時何地要大寫哦!
九、頻度副詞
頻度副詞是指表示動作發(fā)生的次數(shù)的副詞。動作有時發(fā)生,經(jīng)常發(fā)生,還是總是發(fā)生呢?常見頻度副詞按頻率大小排列如下:
always(100%)>usually(80%)>often(60%)>sometimes(40%)>seldom(20%)>
never(0%)。
1、頻度副詞在句子中的位臵
◆位于be動詞、助動詞等之后,行為動詞之前。
1.
在be動詞之后。如:She
is
sometimes
very
busy.
2.
在第一個助動詞或情態(tài)動詞之后。如:I
will
never
forget
this
lesson.
3.
在實義動詞之前。如:
It
never
snows
in
winter
here.◆sometimes也可放在句首、句中或句末,often也可放在句末(一般不放在句首)。如:
Sometimes
she
writes
to
me.
=She
writes
to
me
sometimes.
She
writes
to
me
often.
Never
tell
him
the
news.
千萬不要告訴他這消息。
2、頻度副詞的用法
◆always
頻率最高,表示―一直、總是‖,其反義詞為never。如:The
rich
are
not
always
happy.
有錢的人并不總是快樂的。
Li
Ping
is
always
late
for
school.(變?yōu)榉穸ň洌鶯i
Ping
is
never
late
for
school.(全部否定)
【注意】always等與not連用時,表示部分否定。
Li
Ping
is
not
always
late
for
school.
李平上學不總是遲到。
【頻度副詞通常和一般現(xiàn)在時連用,表示動作發(fā)生的頻率。但always與進行時連用時,并不強調(diào)動作正在進行,而是表示贊嘆、厭煩等情緒。如:He
is
always
thinking
of
others.(贊嘆)
She
is
always
asking
silly
questions.
她總是問些愚蠢的問題。(厭煩)】
◆usually意為―通?!?,表示習慣性動作或狀態(tài),很少有例外。如:
We
usually
go
to
school
at
seven
in
the
morning.
My
mother
and
I
usually
go
shopping
on
Sundays.
◆Often意為―經(jīng)常,時?!?,表示反復性的動作或狀態(tài),中間有間斷,不如usually那么頻繁。其反義詞是seldom。
如:It
often
rains
here
in
April.
The
boys
often
eat
noodles
and
the
girls
sometimes
eat
them.
He
writes
to
his
friends
quite
often.
(often在句尾時常被very或quite連用)。他常給他的朋友寫信。
◆sometimes意為―有時‖,頻率不及often,表示動作偶爾發(fā)生,間斷時間較長。其位臵比較靈活,放在句首、句中、句末都可。如:
Sometimes
we
go
to
the
cinema
and
at
other
times
we
go
for
a
walk.
/I
sometimes
watch
TV
in
the
evening.
/My
father
has
lunch
in
the
factory
sometimes.
◆seldom意為―很少‖;never意為―從不‖。這兩個副詞表示否定意義,動作幾乎不會發(fā)生。
如:
He
seldom
eats
breakfast.
他很少吃早餐。
The
little
girl
seldom
goes
out.
這個小女孩很少外出。
The
boys
never
eat
chocolate
and
the
girls
seldom
eat
it.
男生從不吃巧克力,女生很少吃。
[諺語]Better
late
than
never.
遲到(遲做)總比不來(不做)好。
◆hardly具有否定意義,表示―幾乎不、簡直不‖,除非特殊情況,否則不會發(fā)生。如:
The
boy
is
so
young
that
he
could
hardly
understand
it.
◆對上述頻度副詞提問時,用how
often。如:
I
write
to
my
brother
sometimes.
→How
often
do
you
write
to
your
brother?
十、特殊疑問詞:
特殊疑問詞是特殊疑問句中必有(開頭第一個)的單詞,回答不同一般疑問句,答法通常有時間、地點、人名、多少、原因等。記法:特殊疑問詞的開頭一般是Wh,How。常見的特殊疑問詞:
1、where:哪里(狀語)
例:
Where
is
my
blue
shirt?
2、what
:什么
例:
What
are
your
favourite
animals?
What
is
the
weather
like
in
July
here?
It’s
often
sunny.
◆what
colour:問顏色(表語)
◆what
time:針對鐘點提問
◆what
date/day:針對幾月幾號/星期提問
◆what
language:什么語言
◆what
kind
of:
什么樣的…(對對方所詢問的人或物品進行詳細描述。)
例:I
like
story
books.
→What
kind
of
books
do
you
like?
3、when:針對所有表示時間的短語提問(回答用At...
On...)
例:My
music
lesson
is
at
half
past
three.
→What
time
is
your
music
lesson?
或者→
When
is
your
music
lesson?
You
can
call
me
tomorrow.
→When
can
I
call
you?
(只能用When,而不能用What
time)
4、which:哪一個,哪個
5、who
:誰
(
回答用He
is...
/She
is...
/They
are...等)
6、whom:
誰(賓格)
7、whose:誰的
(回答用It
is…
/These/Those
are…等)
8、why:
為什么
(回答用Because,問原因)
9、How:怎么樣
◆How
many:多少數(shù)量
◆
How
much:多少(不可數(shù)名詞/價格)
例如:How
much
beer
do
you
want?
◆How
old:幾歲(用于年齡)
◆How
big:多大
◆How
heavy:多重
◆How
far:多遠路程
◆How
often:多少次(常用于頻度副詞的提問)
十一、現(xiàn)在進行時
1現(xiàn)在進行時表達的內(nèi)容:現(xiàn)在進行時表示A、現(xiàn)在(說話的瞬間)正在進行或發(fā)生的動作,強調(diào)―此時此刻‖。例如:
He
is
reading
.
They
are
talking
now.
B、當前一段時間內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作。例如:
They
are
working
these
days.
C、某些動詞的現(xiàn)在進行時,表預定的計劃或即將發(fā)生的動作。例如:
I
am
coming.
總之,此類時態(tài)一般由look,
listen,
now,
at
this
moment等時間狀語做標志。
2、現(xiàn)在進行時的句型結構:其結構為be+現(xiàn)在分詞.
3、現(xiàn)在分詞的變法:
1)、一般在動詞詞尾加上-ing
,例:
jump
2)、以不發(fā)音字母e結尾的動詞,先去e,再加-ing.
例:
have
write
3)、以重讀閉音節(jié)末尾只有一個輔音字母結尾的詞,它前面是單個元音字母時要先將詞尾的輔音字母雙寫,再加上-ing.
例:
sit
put
4、現(xiàn)在進行時的句式變換:都在be上做文章
例:
肯定句:
He
is
buying
a
bike.
否定句:He
isn’t
buying
a
bike.
疑問句:Is
he
buying
a
bike?
【特別提醒】盡管現(xiàn)在進行時比較簡單,但在做題過程中也常會犯一些錯誤,常見的錯誤有如下幾種:
1)、
把動詞變成現(xiàn)在分詞形式易出錯;
例:◆
They
are
swiming.(swim)
◆Jenny
is
plaiing(play)football.
答案:
swimming
/playing
【解析】:動詞變現(xiàn)在分詞可有如下口訣:―一添一去y不變‖.
―一添‖指雙寫規(guī)則;―一去‖指去掉不發(fā)音字母e規(guī)則;―y不變‖指要與名詞變復數(shù)區(qū)分開。
2)、
丟掉be動詞或忘記把動詞變成現(xiàn)在分詞;
例:◆
Look,two
children
flying
(fly)
a
kite
in
the
park.
◆Li
Mingisn’t
read
(
not
read)
a
book
in
bed
now.
答案:
are
flying
/isn’t
reading
【解析】:現(xiàn)在進行時肯定句的結構規(guī)律為:
―be+現(xiàn)在分詞,缺一不可‖。這一點必須牢記。
3)、
對動詞或動詞詞組提問時丟掉doing
◆The
students
are
singing
in
the
room.(對劃線部分提問)
What
are
the
students
in
the
room?
答案:What
are
the
students
doing
in
the
room?
【解析】:現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)中,對動作提問可記住此句式―What
+be
+主語+doing+其它?‖句式。
4)、現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)的選擇疑問句中易忽視or后用現(xiàn)在分詞形式
例:孩子們在跑還是在跳?
Are
the
children
running
or
jump?
答案:Are
the
children
running
or
jumping?
【解析】:
or連接的是兩個并列成分,動詞形式須一致。
【測試訓練】一
、單選
1、
Look!
He
_____their
mother
do
the
housework.
A.
is
helping
B.
are
help
C.
is
help
D.
is
helpping
2
、
____are
the
boys
doing
?
They
are
singing
in
the
room.A
.Who
B
.How
C.What
D.Where
3、
Don’t
talk
here.
My
mother
_____.
A.
is
sleeping
B
.are
sleeping
C.
sleeping
D
.sleep
4
、Danny
______.
Don’t
call
him.
A.
is
writeing
B
.is
writing
C.writing
D
.writes
5
、–When_____he_____back?
–
Sorry,
I
don’t
know.
A.
does,come
B.are
coming
C.is
come
D.is
coming
二
、填空
1、
It’s
ten
o’clock.
My
mother
_____(lie)in
bed.
2、
What____he
_____(mend)?
3、
We
_____(play)games
now.
4、
What
____you____(do)
these
days?
5、
____he
___(clean)
the
classroom?
6、
Who____(sing)in
the
next
room?
7、The
girl____(like)wearing
a
sweater.
Look!
She
____(wear)a
red
sweater
today.
十二、一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài):一般現(xiàn)在時表示經(jīng)常的、習慣性的動作或客觀事實、真理。一般現(xiàn)在時的構成有兩種形式:
1、be動詞構成的一般現(xiàn)在時:be動詞的形式要隨主語的變化而變化:◆肯定句:I
am
……
You/We/They
are……
He/She/It
is……
◆否定句:I
am
not
……
You/We/They
are
not
(aren’t)……
He/She/It
is
not
(isn’t)…例句:
It’s
not
very
long.
◆一般疑問句:Am
I
……?
Are
you/we/they……?
Is
he/she/it……?
◆特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞
+
am
+
I……?
特殊疑問詞
+
are
+
you/we/they……?
特殊疑問詞
+
is
+
he/she/it……?
2、實義動詞構成的一般現(xiàn)在時:
實義動詞構成一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)時,當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)【第三人稱單數(shù):人稱代詞分為第一人稱、第二人稱、第三人稱。單數(shù)是指一個人,多于一個人就為復數(shù)。I(我)、You(你)、He/She/It(他/她/它)
分別是
第一人稱、第二人稱、第三人稱的單數(shù)形式?!康臅r候,謂語動詞也要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式;而當其他人稱代詞作主語時,謂語動詞則要用原形。
【動詞第三人稱單數(shù):動詞單三形式變化規(guī)則跟名詞變復數(shù)的規(guī)則類似,即:大多數(shù)動詞在詞尾加s;以輔音字母加y結尾的詞要變y為i加es;以字母s、x、sh、ch、o結尾的詞要加es。如:
1、He
speaks
English
well.
2、David
plays
basketball
very
well.
3、
My
sister
does
her
homework
first
after
school.
4、The
weather
often
changes
here.】
◆肯定句:I
/We/You/They
+
動詞原形
+
……
He/She/It
+
動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式
+
……
◆否定句:I
/
We
/
You
/They
+
do
not(don’t)
+
動詞原形
+
……
He/She/It
+
does
not(doesn’t)
+
動詞原形
+
……..
◆一般疑問句:Do
+
I
/We/You/They
+
動詞原形
+
…………?
Does
+
he/she/it
+
動詞原形
+……?
◆特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞
+
do
you/we/they
+
動詞原形
+……?
特殊疑問詞
+
does
he/she/it
+
動詞原形+……?
How
much
juice
do
you
want
?
十三、一般將來時用法
1、概述:一般將來時表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài),常與表示將來的時間狀語連用,如tomorrow,
next
week,
next
year等。例:
Why
don’t
you
put
the
meat
in
the
fridge?
It
will
stay
fresh
for
several
days.
2、構成:一般將來時由―助動詞will/shall+動詞原形‖構成。will用于第二、三人稱,shall第一人稱。在口語中,will在名詞或代詞后??s寫為'll,will
not簡縮為won‘t[wount]。但在美國英語中,各種人稱皆可用will。例:
He
will
help
his
sister
with
her
lessons.
We
won't
be
free
this
afternoon.
3、用法:
1)、表示未來的動作或存在狀態(tài),常與表示將來的時間狀語連用。如tomorrow,
next
Sunday,
soon,
in
a
month,
in
the
future等。
We
shall
leave
for
London
next
Monday.
He
will
come
to
see
you
the
day
after
tomorrow.
You
will
be
20
next
year.明年你就二十了。
2)、表示將來反復發(fā)生的動作或習慣性動作。例:
We
shall
come
and
work
in
this
factory
every
year.
The
students
will
have
five
English
classes
per
week
this
term.
4、其他表達方法
1)―be
going
to+動詞原形‖表將來:
①
這種結構表示打算、計劃、決定要做的事或肯定要發(fā)生的事。
What
are
you
going
to
do
next
Sunday?
They
are
going
to
meet
outside
the
school
gate.
②
還可表示說話人根據(jù)已有的事實或跡象,認為某事即將發(fā)生、肯定會發(fā)生或可能出現(xiàn)的情況。
I
think
I'm
going
to
die.
我想我要死了。(現(xiàn)在生命垂危)
Look
at
the
cloud.
It’s
going
to
rain.烏云密布,使我斷定天要下雨)
The
ice
is
going
to
break.冰就要破了。③這種結構表示―肯定、預測,注定會‖。在這種情況下可以和―think,
hope,
want,
believe,
like‖等表示靜態(tài)的動詞連用。
The
question
is
going
to
be
very
complex.這個問題將會很復雜。
The
voters
aren’t
going
to
like
him.選民們不會喜歡他的。
④be
going
to
和will的區(qū)別:A.
will表示說話人認為、相信、希望或假定要發(fā)生的事,不含任何具體的時間,可以指遙遠的將來;而be
going
to
指有跡象表明某事即將發(fā)生或肯定發(fā)生,通常指很快就要發(fā)生的事情。
Listen
to
the
wind.
We
are
going
to
have
a
rough
crossing.聽那風聲,我們橫渡時一定困難很大。
He
will
get
better.他的病會好的。(即認為最終會恢復健康,而不是馬上恢復)
He
is
gong
to
get
better.他的病就會好了。(指有恢復的跡象)
B.
be
gong
to
和will均可表示意圖,但事先考慮過的意圖用be
going
to,不是事先考慮過的意圖用will。
-Why
have
you
torn
the
paper
into
pieces?你怎么把論代撕了?-
I
am
going
to
rewrite
it.(事先考慮,不用will)我要重寫。
-Is
it
really
a
big
stone?
-I
will
help
you
to
move
it.(未經(jīng)事先考慮,不用be
going
to
)
2)、用現(xiàn)在進行時來表示將來:現(xiàn)在進行時表示按計劃、安排即將發(fā)生的動作,這一結構常用于表示位臵轉移的動詞,如come
,
go
,
leave,
start
,move,
arrive等,還有join,
play,
eat,
work,
return,
take,
wear,
stay,
sleep,
meet等。常與表示將來的時間狀語連用。
I'm
leaving
for
Tibet
on
Sunday.星期天我要去西藏。
He
is
not
coming.他不來了。
They
are
arriving
tomorrow
afternoon.他們明天下午到達。
3)、
―be
to+動詞原形‖表將來:
―be
to+動詞原形‖表示約定的、計劃中的或按職責、義務要求要發(fā)生的動作,這種動作通常是人的意志所能控制的,或用于征求意見。
There's
to
be
a
slide
show
this
afternoon.今天下午要放幻燈。
You
are
to
hand
in
your
papers
by
10
o'clock.
10點你得交上試卷。
If
a
man
is
to
succeed,
he
must
work
as
hard
as
he
can.一個人要想成功,他就必須拼命干。
十四、一般過去時:簡單地說是表示過去發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。
一般過去時態(tài)句子結構:
1.
Be
動詞的一般過去時態(tài):在沒有實義動詞的句子中使用be動詞,
am
is
的過去式為was;
are的過去式為were.構成:
肯定句:主語+was
(were)
+表語
如:I
was
late
yesterday.
否定句:主語+was
(were)
+not+表語
如:We
weren't
late
yesterday.
She
wasn't
a
teacher
three
years
ago.
疑問句:一般疑問句:Was
(Were)
+主語+表語
如:Were
you
ill
yesterday?
Were
they
once
your
classmates?
肯定回答:
Yes,
I
was.
否定句:
No,
I
wasn't.
特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+
Was
(Were)
+主語+表語
Who
were
your
best
friends
in
your
primary
school?
2.
實義動詞的一般過去時態(tài):肯定句要使用動詞的過去式,否定句和疑問句要使用助動詞do和
does
的過去式
did.
肯定句為:主語+動詞過去式+賓語
如:I
went
home
at
nine
o'clock
yesterday.
否定句:主語+didn't
+動詞原形+賓語
如:I
didn't
go
home
yesterday.
He
didn't
tell
me
about
you.
疑問句:一般疑問句:Did
+主語+動詞原形+賓語
如:Did
you
go
home
yesterday?
Did
you
study
in
the
school?
肯定回答:
Yes,
I
did.
否定回答:No,
I
didn't.
特殊疑問句:特殊疑問詞+did
+主語+動詞原型+賓語
When
did
you
finish
your
homework
last
night?
What
did
you
do
the
day
before
yesterday?
3.
助動詞和情態(tài)動詞過去式如下:
shall―should(將要)用于第一人稱單數(shù)
will―would(將要)用于所有人稱
can―
could(能,會)
may―might(可以)
must―must
(必須)
have
to―had
to(不得不)
助動詞和情態(tài)動詞的過去時態(tài)要使用他們的過去式,后面的動詞還使用原形。
如:
I
had
to
do
my
homework
yesterday.
(昨天我不得不做作業(yè)。)
一般過去時的時間狀語表示一般過去時的時間狀語有:a
moment
ago(剛才),yesterday
morning,last
night/
week,the
day
before
yesterday(前天),just
now(剛才)等。
4、一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時的比較:一般現(xiàn)在時要和現(xiàn)在的時間相聯(lián)系,而一般過去時和說話的―現(xiàn)在‖沒有聯(lián)系。
His
father
is
a
film
director.他父親是電影導演
(他現(xiàn)在還是)
His
father
was
a
film
director.他父親曾是電影導演
(他現(xiàn)在不是)
How
do
you
like
the
novel?你覺得這部小說怎么樣?(還在看小說)
How
did
you
like
the
novel?
你覺得這部小說怎么樣?(已看完小說)
5、動詞的過去式可分為規(guī)則動詞和不規(guī)則動詞。規(guī)則動詞的過去式變化如下:
(1)一般情況下,動詞詞尾加
ed
,如:
work—worked;
play—played;want—
wanted;
act—acted
(2)以不發(fā)音的
e
結尾動詞,動詞詞尾加
d,如:
live—lived;
move—moved;decide—decided;decline—declined;
hope—hoped;
(3)以輔音字母
+
y結尾的動詞,把y變?yōu)閕
再加ed,:
Studied
tried
copied
cried
carried
emptied
(4)以一個輔音字母結尾的重讀閉音節(jié)動詞,雙寫詞尾輔音字母,再加
ed,如:
stopped
begged
dragged
dropped
planned
dotted
dripped
(5)注:不規(guī)則動詞的過去式變化規(guī)律性不強,須多加記憶。
go
-
went,make
-
made,get
-
got
,buy
-
bought
,come
-
came
,fly-flew
,is/am-was,are-were
,see-saw,bring-brought,do-did,teach-taught,
think-thought,
say-said,
sit-sat.
read-read,spend-spent,eat-ate,give-gave,sit-sat,tell-told,write-wrote,feel-felt,find-found,hear-heard,know-knew,
put-put,grow-grew,take-took,catch-caught,come-came,become-became,swim-swam,sweep—swept,sing—sang,draw—drew,
以上的(1)至(4)條中的發(fā)音均有改變,具體分別有/d/
/t/
/id/。
專項練習
一
選擇
1.
She
lived
there
before
he
____
to
China.
A.
came
B.
comes
C.
come
D.
coming
(
)2.
I
_____
but
_____
nothing.
A
.
was
listened;
was
hearing
B.
listened;
heard
C
.
have
listened;
heard
D.
listened;
heard
of
(
)3.
When
did
you
____here?
A.
got
to
B.
reached
C.
arrive
in
D.
reach
(
)4.
I
____
my
homework
at
7:00
yesterday
evening.
A.
finished
B.
would
finish
C.
was
finishing
D.
finish
(
)5
He
didn't
go
shopping
with
you
yesterday
afternoon,
did
he?
_______.
A.
No,
he
doesn't
B.
Yes,
he
didn't
C.
No,
he
did
D.
Yes,
he
did.
(
)
6
-I
have
had
supper.
When
____you
____it?
A.
have;
had
B.
do,
have
C.
did,
have
D.
will
have
二、請用正確動詞形式填空。
1
They____(be)
on
the
farm
a
moment
ago.
2
There____(be)a
shop
not
long
ago.
3
Jenny____(not
go)to
bed
until
11:00
o'clock
last
night.4
Danny
_____(read
)English
five
minutes
ago.5
I
_____(see)Li
Lei
____(go)
out
just
now.
6
He
____(do)his
homework
every
day.
But
he
__(not
do)it
yesterday.
7
When
I
was
young,
I
_____(play)games
with
my
friends.
8
When
____you_____(write)this
book?
I
_____it
last
year.
9
Did
he____(have)
lunch
at
home?
10
I
_____(eat)
the
bread,
I
'm
full
now.
11.
I
_________
(have)
an
exciting
party
last
weekend.
12.
_________
she
_________(practice)
her
guitar
yesterday?
No,
she
_________.
13.
What
________
Tom
________
(do)
on
Saturday
evening?
He
_____(watch)
TV
and
______(read)
an
interesting
book.
14.
They
all
_________(go)
to
the
mountains
yesterday
morning.
15.
She
_________(not
visit)
her
aunt
last
weekend.
She
________
(stay)
at
home
and
_________(do)
some
cleaning.
16.
When
________
you
_________(write)
this
song?
I
__________(write)
it
last
year.
17.
My
friend,
Carol,
_______(study)
for
the
math
test
and
________(practice)
English
last
night.
18.
________
Mr.
Li
_____(do)
the
project
on
Monday
morning?
Yes,
he
_________.
19.
How
______(be)
Jim's
weekend?
It
_____(be
not)
bad.
20.
______(be)
your
mother
a
sales
assistant
last
year?
No.
she
__________.
三、翻譯下列句子
1.
我過了一個忙碌但卻刺激的周末。
I
_________
_________
__________
__________
exciting
weekend.
2.
Jenny喜歡看書。昨晚她看了一本英語書。
Jenny
likes
_______.
She
_____
an
English
book
last
night.
3.
Emma每天都看電視??墒亲蛱焖麤]有看。
Emma
_______
TV
every
day.
But
he
_________
yesterday.
4.
上周六他們做什么了?他們做作業(yè)和購物了。
What
________
they
_________
_________
Saturday?
They
_________
__________
homework
and
_________
__________.
三、改寫句子:
1、Lucy
did
her
homework
at
home.(改否定句)
Lucy
___________
___________
her
homework
at
home.
2、He
found
some
meat
in
the
fridge(冰箱).(變一般疑問句)
___________
he
__________
___________
meat
in
the
fridge?
3、She
stayed
there
for
a
week.(對劃線部分提問)
__________
___________
__________
she
__________
there?
4、There
was
some
orange
in
the
cup.(變一般疑問句)
_________
there
___________
orange
in
the
cup?
十五、形容詞比較級和最高級:
絕大多數(shù)形容詞有三種形式,原級,比較級和最高級,
以表示形容詞說明的性質(zhì)在程度上的不同。
(一)、形容詞的原級:
形容詞的原級形式就是形容詞的原形。
例如:
poor
tall
great
glad
bad
。
(二)、形容詞的比較級和最高級:
形容詞的比較級和最高級形式是在形容詞的原級形式的基礎上變化的。
分為規(guī)則變化和不規(guī)則變化。
1、規(guī)則變化如下:
1)
單音節(jié)形容詞的比較級和最高級形式是在詞尾加
–er(est
)。
great
(原級):
(比較級)
(最高級)
2)
以
-e
結尾的單音節(jié)形容詞的比較級和最高級是在詞尾加
-r
和
-st
構成。
wide
(原級):
(比較級)
(最高級)
3)少數(shù)以-y,
-er,
-ow,
-ble結尾的雙音節(jié)形容詞的比較級和最高級是在詞尾加-er
和-est
構成。
clever(原級):
(比較級)
(最高級)
4)
以
-y
結尾,但
-y
前是輔音字母的形容詞的比較級和最高級是把
-y
去掉,加上
-ier
和-est
構成.
happy
(原形):
(比較級)
(最高級)
5)
以一個輔音字母結尾其前面的元音字母發(fā)短元音的形容詞的比較級和最高級是雙寫該輔音字母然后再加-er和-est。
big
(原級):
(比較級)
(最高級)
6)
雙音節(jié)和多音節(jié)形容詞的比較級和最高級需用more
和
most
加在形容詞前面來構成。
beautiful
(原級):
(比較級)
(最高級)
difficult
(原級):
(比較級)
(最高級)
2、常用的不規(guī)則變化的形容詞的比較級和最高級:
goodbetterbest
manymoremost
muchmoremost
badworseworst
farfarther/furtherfarthest/furthest
形容詞前如加
less
和
least
,則表示"較不"和"最不"
:
important
重要
less
important
較~
least
important
最~
(三)、形容詞比較級的用法:
形容詞的比較級用于兩個人或事物的比較,其結構形式如下:
主語+謂語(系動詞)+
形容詞比較級+than+
對比成分。
也就是,
含有形容詞比較級的主句+than+從句。注意從句常常省去意義上和主句相同的部分,
而只剩下對比的成分。
Our
teacher
is
we
are.
我們老師的個子比我們的高。
It
is
today
than
it
was
yesterday.
今天的天氣比昨天暖和。
This
picture
is
than
that
one.
這張照片比那張照片漂亮。
This
meeting
is
than
that
one.
這次會議不如那次會議重要。
The
sun
is
than
the
moon.
太陽比月亮大得多。
(四)、形容詞最高級的用法:
形容詞最高級用于兩個以上的人和物進行比較,
其結構形式為:
主語+謂語(系動詞)+the+形容詞最高級+名詞+表示范圍的短語或從句。
She
is
student
her
class.
她是班上最好的學生。
Shanghai
is
one
of
cities
China.
上海是中國最大城市之一
This
is
apple
I
have
ever
met.
這是我見到的最大的蘋果。
Tom
is
boy
in
his
basketball
team.湯姆是他們籃球隊中個子最高的孩子。
練習題:
1.
This
box
is___
that
one.
A.
heavy
than
B.
so
heavy
than
C.
heavier
as
D.
as
heavy
as
2.
This
book
is____
that
one,
but____
than
that
one.
A.
as
difficult
as;
expensive
B.
as
more
difficult
as;
more
expensive
C.
as
difficult
as;
more
expensive
D.
more
difficult
as;
as
expensive
3.
I
think
the
story
is
not
so
___
as
that
one.
A.
interesting
B.
interested
C.
more
interesting
D.
most
interesting
4.
His
father
began
to
work____
he
was
seven
years
old.
A.
as
old
as
B.
as
early
as
C.
since
D.
while
5.
I
think
science
is
_
than
Japanese.
A.
much
important
B.
important
C.
much
more
important
D.
more
much
important6.
This
pencil
is___
than
that
one.
A.
longest
B.
long
C.
longer
D.
as
long
7.
My
mother
is
no
___
young.
A.
shorter
B.
longer
C.
little
D.
few
8.These
children
are
____
this
year
th
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