2014年九年級第一單元精講精練

SectionAbyaskingtheteacherforhelp通過向老師求救by是介詞，意為“通過，靠”，此處表示方法、手段、后接名詞、代詞或動詞-ing形式。Hehadtodoalltheworkbyhand.所有的工作他都要靠手工做。Mr.Greenmakesalivingbyteaching.格林先生以教書為生?！就卣埂竣賐y+表示交通工具的名詞（by后不加冠詞），意為“乘/駕/坐……”。IwenttoBeijingbyplane.我乘飛機去了北京。②by+時間，意為“不遲于；在……之前”。Imustbeinbedbyteno’clock.我必須在10點之前睡覺。③by+地點，意為“在……旁邊”。Welivebythesea.我們住在海邊。asksb.forhelp意為“向某人求助”。Mymotheraskedmeforhelpyesterday.昨天我母親要我?guī)兔?。Thelittlegirlaskedthepolicemanforhelp.這個小女孩向警察求助。即學即練：-HowdoyoulearnEnglishwords?-_____makingwordcards.A.ToB.ByC.ForD.With-Howdoyougettoschooleveryday.Lucy?-Igotoschool.A.ridemybikeB.bymybikeC.bybusD.byabusMr.Scottmadealivingby(sell)oldthings.ShelearnsEnglishbylisteningtotapes.(對劃線部分提問)shelearnEnglish?Mostofthemtakethetraintowork.(改為同義句)Mostofthemgotowork.DoesanyonelearnEnglishbywatchingvideos?有人通過看錄像學習英語嗎？watch此處為及物動詞，意為“看；觀看”，指專注地看，有時含有“欣賞”之意。IwatchTVeveryevening.我每天晚上都看電視。Weoftenwatchthemplaysoccer.我們經(jīng)?？此麄兲咦闱?。辨析：watch，look，see與readwatch強調(diào)“看，觀看”正在運動或變化的事物，有時含有“欣賞”之意DoyouwatchTVatnight?你晚上看電視嗎？look強調(diào)“看”的動作，不強調(diào)是否“看見”了，后接賓語時，常與at連用Lookattheblackboard,please.請看黑板。see強調(diào)“看”的結(jié)果，表示“看見；看到”Wesawawonderfulfilmyesterday.昨天我們看了一場精彩的電影。read強調(diào)“看”書、報、雜志等Ilikereadingathome.我喜歡在家看書。DoyouhaveconversationwithfriendsinEnglish?你和朋友用英語交談嗎？haveconversationswithsb.意為“與某人交談/會話”。Hehadconversationswithhissonyesterday.昨天他與他的兒子進行了交談。conversation既可用作可數(shù)名詞，也可用作不可數(shù)名詞，意為“交談；談話”。常指非正式社交場合的談話，也可指在正式場合的談話。與動詞have，hold連用時，其前需加不定冠詞，但與動詞make連用時，其前不加冠詞。其常用短語有：have/holdaconversationwith...與……交談/談話makeconversation閑談；搭訕beinconversationwith...與……談話中Thisisaprivateconversation.Don’tinterrupt!這是私人談話，別打攪！Whataboutlisteningtotapes?聽磁帶怎么樣？Whatabout...?意為“……怎么樣？”，相當于Howabout...?常用來征求對方的意見或向?qū)Ψ教岢鼋ㄗh。Ithinkthisisagoodidea.Whataboutyou?我認為這是個好主意。你認為如何？WhataboutvisitingtheEastLake?去游覽東湖怎么樣？Whataboutreadingaloudtopracticepronunciation?大聲讀來練習發(fā)音怎么樣？aloud副詞，意為“出生地；大聲地”。ItisveryimportanttoreadaloudinstudyingEnglish.在英語學習中大聲讀是很重要的。Thathungrybabycriedaloud.那個饑餓的嬰兒大哭起來。辨析：aloud，loud與loudlyaloud副詞意為“大聲地”與call,shout,cry等連用Pleasereadthetextaloud.請朗讀一下課文。意為“出聲地”與read等連用loud形容詞意為“大聲的”可作定語或表語Themusicistooloud.Pleaseturnitdown.這音樂太吵了，請把聲音調(diào)低些。副詞意為“響亮地，高聲的”與talk,speak,sing,laugh等連用Speakloud,please,ornoonewillhearyou.請大聲說，否則沒人能聽見你（說話）。loudly副詞意為“高聲地”，含有“喧鬧”的意味與knock，ring等連用Suddenlythebellonthewallrangloudly.突然，墻上的鈴大聲地響起來。topracticepronunciation在句中作目的狀語。動詞不定式（短語）在句中作目的狀語時，可以放在句子的開頭，也可放在句子的末尾，通常譯為“為了……”。Tokeepfit,weshoulddrinkmilkeveryday.為了保持健康，我們應(yīng)該每天喝牛奶。Iwanttocomeovertoyourhousetoseeyourparents.我想去你家拜訪你的父母。practice此處用作動詞，意為“練習”，其后可接名詞、代詞或動詞-ing形式TheypracticespeakingEnglisheverymorning.他們每天早上練習說英語?！就卣埂縫ractice也可用作不可數(shù)名詞，意為“練習”。StudentsgetlotsofpracticeintheEnglishclub.學生們在英語俱樂部得到了大量的練習。pronunciation名詞，意為“發(fā)音；讀音”。其動詞形式為pronounce，意為“發(fā)音”。HespeaksEnglishfluently,buthispronunciationispoor.他英語講得很流利，但他的發(fā)音不好。Pleasepronounceyourwordsclearly.請你把單詞的音發(fā)清楚。Haveyoueverstudieswithagroup?你曾參加過小組學習嗎？ever副詞，意為“曾經(jīng)；在任何時候；到底；究竟”，一般用于否定句、疑問句、條件狀語從句中，或用于特殊疑問句中，用來加強語氣。Nothingevermakeshimangry.從來沒有什么事情會使他生氣。HaveyoueverbeentoBritain?你曾經(jīng)去過英國嗎？ComeandseemeifyouevercometoBeijing?你要是什么時候來北京，就來看看我吧。Whereeverhaveyoubeen?你到底去過哪里？“have/has+過去分詞”是現(xiàn)在完成時的結(jié)構(gòu)，表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響或產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，也可指從過去某事開始延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)。Ihavereadthebook.我讀過這本書。Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?你已經(jīng)完成作業(yè)了嗎？現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的結(jié)構(gòu)：1.肯定句：主語+have/has+動詞的過去分詞+其他2.否定句：主語+have/has+not+動詞的過去分詞+其他3.一般疑問句：have/has+主語+動詞的過去分詞+其他Yes,主語+have/has.No,主語+have/has+not4.特殊疑問句：特殊疑問詞+have/has+主語+動詞的過去分詞+其他現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的意義：1）現(xiàn)在完成時通常表示過去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的某一動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響和結(jié)果。說話人強調(diào)的是該動作或狀態(tài)對現(xiàn)在的結(jié)果或影響。Mydaughterhasjustgoneout.我女兒剛出去。I’msurewe’vemetbefore.我肯定我們以前見過面。Shehasarrived.她到了。2）表示開始于過去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動作或狀態(tài)，往往和包括現(xiàn)在在內(nèi)的表示一段時間的狀語連用，如recently,already,just,lately,for…,since…,yet等。如：Ihaven’theardfromherthesedays.這些日子我沒有收到她的信。Wehaven’tseenyourecently.最近我們沒有見到你。Theyhavebeenawayfortwoyears.他們離開已經(jīng)兩年了。ShehasbeenwithussinceMonday.3）.現(xiàn)在完成時還可以用來表示過去的一個時間到現(xiàn)在這段時間內(nèi)重復發(fā)生的動作.Wehavehadfourtextsthissemester.即學即練：a.句型轉(zhuǎn)換(每空一詞)。1.Ihavetoldyoubefore.(否定句)Iyoubefore.2.IhaveeverbeentoIndiaandRussia.(否定句)IhavebeentoIndiaRussia.3.DidyourunclevisitEnglandlastnight?（用ever作狀語改寫句子）youruncletoEngland?4.She’slearnedmorethan1000words.（劃線提問）wordsshe5.I’veworkedherefortenyears.（劃線提問）youworkedhere?6.Shehaswatchedthefilmtwice.（劃線提問）hasshewatchedthefilm、7.Ihavelostmybike.（劃線提問）you?8.Didsheenterthecompetitiontwoyearsago?（同義句）shethecompetitiontwoyearsago?9.Mysisterleftschoolthreeyearsago.（同義句）Mysisterfromschoolthreeyears.10.MyfriendwrotethreeletterslastSunday.（同義句）MyfriendthreeletterslastSunday.常和現(xiàn)在完成時一起連用的時間狀語注意:.現(xiàn)在完成時不能單獨與準確時間連用，(如表示過去的時間狀語）如yesterday(morning、afternoon),last(morning、afternoon)等，除非與for,since連用.①現(xiàn)在完成時往往同表示不確定的過去時間狀語連用

如already（肯定）,yet（否定，疑問）,just,before,recently,still,lately，Just,already,yet,ever,never,before,twice(重復性時間)，for+短時間，since+點時間，sofar,howlong提問的疑問句中……

Hehasalreadyobtainedascholarship.

Ihaven'tseenmuchofhimrecently(lately).

Wehaveseenthatfilmbefore.

Havetheyfoundthemissingchildyet?即學即練：a.用already或yet1)Havetheytakendowntheoldpictures______?No,not___________.2)Mostofushavefinishedourcompositions________3)Hesaidhehadn’tvisitedtheexhibition________.b.用since或for1)Wehavelearnedfivelessons______thebeginningofthisterm.2)MrsLiaohasbeeninhospital______lastweek.3)Ihavestayedatmyaunt’s_____twoweeks.C.用havegone或havebeen1)Wherearetheboystudents?They_____totheschoolfactory.2)Isyourfatherin?No,he___toShenzhen._____heever______therebefore?Yes,he___thereseveraltimes3)Heaskedmeif_____toHangzhoubefore.4)ItoldhimthatIwantedtogothereforavisitasI______never______tothatcitybefore.

②現(xiàn)在完成時常常與表示頻度的時間狀語連用,

如ever,never,twice,severaltimes等:

HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing

IhaveneverheardBunnysayanythingagainsther.

Ihaveusedthispenonlythreetimes.Itisstillgood.

Georgehasmetthatgentlemanseveraltimes.

③現(xiàn)在完成時還往往可以同包括現(xiàn)在時間在內(nèi)的時間狀語連用,

如uptothesefewdays/weeks/months/years,just,uptopresent(now),sofar等:

Peterhaswrittensixpaperssofar.

Uptothepresenteverythinghasbeensuccessful.I’velearnedalotthatway.我用那種方法學到了很多（知識）。alot此處意為“很多”，作learned的賓語。Hehasgivenheralottoeat.他已給了她很多吃的東西?！就卣埂竣賏lot意為“很多；非常；常?！保鳡钫Z，可修飾動詞，也可以修飾比較級，多用于肯定句中。Iworkedalotyesterday,sofeltalittletired,butnowIfeelmuchbetter.我昨天做了很多工作，因此感到有點兒累了，但是現(xiàn)在我感覺好多了。Haveyouusedtherecorderalotinclass？你經(jīng)常在課堂上使用錄音機嗎？②alot還可作主語或表語。Alothasbeendoneaboutit.關(guān)于這件事已采取了很多措施。（主語）Thatisalot.那真多。（表語）thatway在這里相當于介詞短語inthatway，作狀語，意為“用那種方式/方法”，是一種特殊的表達方式。類似的表達還有：thisway意為“用這種方式/方法”。FinallyIfoundmyunclethatway.用那種方式，我終于找到了我叔叔。It’stoohardtounderstandspokenEnglish.聽懂英語口語太難了?！癐t+be+形容詞+todosth.”結(jié)構(gòu)，意為“做某事是……的”。此句型中，it作形式主語，動詞不定式短語是真正的主語。It’simportanttolearnEnglishwell.學好英語很重要?！就卣埂看司湫椭械男稳菰~若是描述事物特征的詞，如easy,difficult,interesting,necessary,impossible等時，用It’s+形容詞+forsb.todosth.;若此句型中的形容詞時表示人物性格、品格等的詞，如kind，nice，clever，foolish等時，介詞用of，而不能用for。It’seasyforachildtolearnanewlanguage.對于孩子來說學一門新語言很容易。It’sverykindofyoutotellmethat.你告訴我那件事，真是太好了。spokenEnglish意為“英語口語”。其中spoken是由speak的過去分詞轉(zhuǎn)化成的形容詞，在句中作定語，修飾English。MyspokenEnglishisnotverygood.我的英語口語不是很好?！就卣埂縀nglish-speaking說英語的AmericanisanEnglish-speakingcountry.美國是個說英語的國家。Annie,I’malittlenervous.安妮，我有點兒緊張。alittle意為“有點兒”，在句中修飾形容詞nervous，相當于abit,alittlebit或kindof。辨析：alittle與abit二者修飾形容詞，副詞院級及比較級時，可以互換。二者與not連用時，意思差別很大。notalittle意為“很；非?！保喈斢趘erymuch;notabit意為“一點兒也不；毫不”，相當于not...atall。二者修飾名詞時的區(qū)別為：alittle可直接修飾不可數(shù)名詞Idrankalittlemilkjustnow.=Idrankabitofmilkjustnow.我剛才喝了一點兒牛奶。abit修飾名詞時其后須加of，即abitof，后接不可數(shù)名詞It’salittle/abithottoday.今天有點兒熱。Heisalittle/abittallerthanme.他比我高一點兒。I’mnotalittlehappy.我很快樂。I’mnotabithappy.我一點兒也不快樂。IhavetofinishreadingabookandgiveareportnextMonday.我必須讀完一本書，下周一作報告。finish此處用作及物動詞，意為“完成”，其后可跟名詞、代詞或動詞-ing形式作賓語。Ifinishedmyhomeworkhalfanhourago.我半小時前做完了家庭作業(yè)。Haveyoufinishedcooking?你做完飯了嗎？重點句子：1.你怎樣學習英語？我通過小組學習來學習英語。_______doyoustudyEnglish?Ilearn_____studying______agroup.2.我怎樣能提高我的發(fā)音？一種方法就是聽磁帶。_____canIimprove_____________?Onewayis_________________________.3.通過閱讀句子的前后試著猜測詞的意義。Trytoguessa____________by________thesentences_______or_______it.4.你讀得越多就會讀得越快。___________youread,_____________you‘llbe.5.我只是躲藏在書后而什么也不說。Ijust_____________my________andneversaidanything.6.我喜歡上這不使人興奮且有趣的電影。I__________________________thisexcitingandfunnymovie.7.雖然我不能理解人物所說的一切，但他們的肢體語言和面部表情幫助我理解意義。AlthoughIcouldnotunderstandeverythingthe________said,their_______________andthe______________________________helpedmegetthemeaning.8.通過聽英語電影里的有趣的英語交談，我的發(fā)音也提高了。My________alsoimproved_______________totheinteresting_____________inEnglishmovie.9.我發(fā)現(xiàn)聽一些你感興趣的內(nèi)容是語言學習的秘訣。I___________thatlisteningtosomethingyou______________________the___________languagelearing.10.通過查字典我能得到生詞的意義。Icangetthe____________thenewwordsby_____________________ina_________.11.好的學習者時常吧他們需要學習的和他們感興趣的聯(lián)系起來。Goodlearnersoften______whattheyneed________________somethingtheyareinterestedin.12.即使你學得一些東西好，但你如果不用它將會忘記。_______________youlearnsomethingwell.youwillforgetit______youuseit.13..好的學習者也不害怕犯錯誤。Goodlearnersarealso_________________making_______.14.他嘗試了許多次成功了，并且從錯誤中學到很多。Hesucceededby___________________and_____________hismistakes.15.他們可以記下關(guān)鍵詞來記筆記，或者畫出思維圖。Theymay_____________by_________________wordsor__________________.單項選擇：（2013重慶）YoucanimproveyourEnglish______practicingmore.A.byB.withC.ofD.in（2013南京）Linda’sfatherhateswaitinginlonglines.Ithinkhe’snotvery______.A.patientB.talentedC.popularD.powerful（2013金華）-Tommy,youcanneverletothersknowwhatIhavetoldyoutoday.-Don’tworry,.Iwillkeepthe_____.A.secretB.moneyC.addressD.grade（2013云南）Youdon’thaveto_____everynewwordinthedictionarywhilereading.A.lookforB.lookupC.lookatD.lookafter（2013泰安）_____you’retastedit,youcan’timaginehowdeliciousthedishesare.A.BecauseB.AlthoughC.WhenD.unless（2013揚州）-MrLi,Ican’tunderstandeverythinginclass.-Don’tworry.I’ll____themainpointsattheend.A.recordB.reviewC.requireD.remember（2013遂寧）Hewas____tired_____hecouldnotgoonwalking.A.too;toB.such;thatC.so;thatD.not;enough現(xiàn)在完成時練習（一）一、用所給詞的正確形式填空：1.

I____

already

____

(see)

the

film.

I

___

(see)

it

last

week.

2.

___

he

____(finish)

his

work

today

?

Not

yet

.

3.

___

you

____(be)

to

Hong

Kong

?

Yes,

I

_____

(be)

there

twice.

4.

He

_______

just

______

(finish)

his

homework.

5.

_______

the

young

woman

ever

_______(travel)

to

England?

6.

_______

you

_______(read)

“Gone

with

the

wind”

yet?

7.

Have

you

_______(get)

any

new

CDs?

8.

My

family

have

never

_______

(be)

to

Sanya.

9.Mr.Green_____（teach）usalotaboutsocialstudiessinceSeptember.10.I_____never____（meet）hersisterbefore.11.Haveyouever______（take）atrain？12.It_________（be）morethanthreeyearssinceJim______（leave）here.13.Haveyou_____（make）friendswithyournewclassmatesyet？14.I_______（have）mylunchandI'mnothungrynow.15.Jimhasneverseenapanda，_____he？16.We______（be）goodfriendssincewemetatschool.17.Wecan'tfindhimanywhere.Perhapshe______（go）home.二、用所給動詞的適當形式填空。1).She’s_____________(live)hereeversinceshewasten.

2).Bothofthem________________(be)inHongKongfortendays.

3).Bothofthem________________(come)toHongKongtendaysago.

4).Halfanhour__________(pass)sincethetrain__________(leave).

5).Mary_______(lose)herpen.________you______________(see)itanywhere?

6)._____________you____________(find)yourwatchyet?

7).---Areyouthirsty?---NoI_________just_____________(have)someorange.

8).We_____________already______________(return)thebook.

9).___________they____________(build)anewschoolinthevillage?

10).I________________(notfinish)myhomework.Canyouhelpme?

11).Ourhometown___________(change)alotsofar.

12).I_________(buy)abookjustnow.

13).It_________(be)nearlytwomonthssinceIboughtthisbicycle.

14).Itmustbeaverygoodbook.Myfather___________(read)thisbookmanytimes.15).Myhairiswet.I____________(wash)itjustnow.三、單項選擇1．Papermoney＿＿＿＿foroverathousandyears．A．usedB．hasbeenusedC．hasusedD．isusing2．Greatchanges＿＿＿＿inmyhometownandalotoffactories＿＿＿＿．A．havebeentakenplace；arebeingsetupB．havetakenplace；havebeensetupC．a(chǎn)retakenplace；hadbeensetupD．hadtakenplace；willbesetup3．Comeandsitdownbythefire．Yourhand＿＿＿＿cold．A．hasbeenfeltB．feelsC．isfeltD．hasfelt4．Thefire＿＿＿＿tothefifthfloor．＿＿＿＿allthepeople＿＿＿＿？A．hasgot；Have；beensavedB．hasbeengot；Have；savedC．hasgot；Do；saveD．hasgot；Have；saved5．—Wewanttositatthetablenearthewindow．—I’msorry，butit＿＿＿＿already．A．hastakenB．tookC．wastakenD．hasbeentaken6．Someofthechapters（片段）＿＿＿＿bymanystudents．A．havebeenwidelyreadB．havereadwidelyC．werewidereadD．hadbeenwidelyread7．Whydon’tyougotothebookstoretobuysomebooks？Manynewbooks＿＿＿there．A．havej