2011年12月英語(yǔ)四級(jí)真題有答案

PartⅠWriting(30Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayentitledNothingSucceedsWithoutaStrongWillbycommentingonthehumoroussaying,"Quittingsmokingistheeasiestthingintheworld.I'vedoneithundredsoftimes."Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsbutnomorethan180words.PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes) Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).For8-10,completethesentencewiththeinformationgivenintheWhyIntegrityMattersWhatIsThekeytointegrityisconsistencynotonlysettinghighpersonalstandardsforoneself(honesty,responsibilityrespectforothers,fairnessbutalsolivinguptothosestandardseachandeveryday.Onewhohasintegrityisboundbyandfollowsmoralandethical道德上的standardsevenwhenmakinglife'shardchoices,choiceswhichmaybecloudedbystress,pressuretosucceed,orWhathappensifwelie,cheat,steal,orviolateotherethicalstandards?Wefeeldisappointedinourselvesandashamed.Butalapse缺失ofintegrityalsoaffectsourrelationshipswithothers.Trustisessentialinanyimportantrelationship,whetherpersonalorprofessional.Whocantrustsomeonewhoisdishonestorunfair?Thusintegritymustbeoneofourmostimportantgoals.RiskyWeareeachresponsibleforourowndecisions,evenifthedecision,makingprocesshasbeenunderminedbystressorpeerpressure.Therealtestofcharacteriswhetherwecanlearnfromourmistake,byunderstandingwhyweactedaswedidandthenexploringwaystoavoidsimilarproblemsinthefuture.Makingethicaldecisionsisacriticalpartofavoidingfutureproblems.Wemustlearntorecognizerisks,becauseifwecan'tseetheriskswe'retakingwebeawareofthefacts.Forexample,onewhodoesn'tknowtherulesaaboutplagiarism(剽竊)mayaccidentallyusewordsorideaswithoutgivingpropercreditoronewhofailstokeepcarefulresearchnotesmayunintentionallyfailtoquoteandcitesourcesasrequired.Butthefactthatsuchaviolation"unintentional"doesnotexcusethemisconduct,Ignoranceisnota"ButEverybodyDoesMostpeoplewhogetintroubledoknowtherulesandfactsbutmanagetofoolthemselvesabouttherisksthey'retakingbyusingexcuses:"Everyoneelsedoesit.""I'mnothurtinganyone",or"Ireallyneedthisgrade."Excusescangetveryelaborate:"IknowI'mlookatanother'sexam,eventhoughI'msupposedtokeepmyeyesonmyownpaper,butthat'snotcheatingbecauseI’mjustcheckingmyanswers,notcopying."Wemustbehonestaboutouractionsandavoidexcuses,ifwefoolourselvesintobelievingwe'renotdoinganythingwrong,wecan'tseetherealchoicewe'remaking-andthatleadstobadToavoidfoolingyourself,watchoutforexcusesandtrythistest:Askhowyouwouldfeelifyouractionswerepublicandanyonecouldbewatchingoveryoreshoulder.Ifyou'dratherhideyouractions,that'sanindicationthatyou'retakingariskandrationalizingittoyourself.EvaluatingTodecidewhetherariskisworthtaking,youmustexaminetheconsequences,inthefutureaswellasrightnow,negativeaswellaspositive,andtoothersaswellastoyourself.Thosewhotakeriskstheylaterregretusuallyfocusonimmolatebenefitsandsimplyhaven'tconsideredwhatmightgowrong.Theconsequencesofgettingcaughtareseriousandmayincludea"O"onatestorassignment,an"F"intheclass,suspension(暫令停學(xué))ordismissalfromschoolandaruinedreputation.Infact,whenyoubreakaroleorlaw,youlosecontroloveryourlifeandgiveothersthepowertoimposepunishmentthatyouhavenocontrolover.Thisisanextremelyvulnerable脆弱的position.Theremaybesomemattersoflifeanddeathorhighestprinciple,whichmightjustifysucharisk,buttherearen'tmanythingsthatfallinthisGettingAwaywithit-OrThosewhodon'tgetcaughtpayanevenhigherprice.Acheaterdoesn'tlearnfromthetest,whichdeprives(剝奪)himherofaneducation.Cheatingunderminesconfidenceandindependence:thecheaterisafraud,andknowsthatwithoutdishonesty,he/shewouldhavefailed.Cheatingdestroysself-respectandintegrity,leavingthecheaterashamed,guiltyandafraidofgettingcaught.notonlybecausehe/sheisfartherbehind,butalsobecauseitseems"easier."Thisslipperyslopeoferodingethicsandbiggerrisksleadsonlytodisaster.Eventually,thecheatergetscaught,andthelaterhe/shegetscaught,theworsetheconsequences.CheatingHurtsOther,Cheatersoftenfeelinvisible,asiftheiractions"don'tcount"anddon'treallyhurtanyone.Butindividualchoiceshaveanintensecumulative(累積的)effect.Cheatingcanspreadlikeadisease.Recentstatisticssuggest30ormoreofcollegestudentscheat.Ifaclassisgradedonacurve,cheatinghurtsothers'grades.Evenifthereisnocurve,cheating"poisons"theclassroom,andwhodo")Cheatingalsohasadestructiveimpactonteachers.Therealrewardofgoofteachingisseeingstudentslearn.Butacheatersays."I'mnotinterestedinwhatyou'retryingtoteach,allIcareaboutisstealingagrade,regardlessoftheeffectonothers."Theendresultisadestructiveattackonthequalityofyoureducation.Finally,cheatingcanhurtthereputationoftheuniversityandharmthosewhoworkedhardfortheirdegree.WhyIntegrityIfcheatingbecomesthenorm,thenweareinbigtrouble.Wemustrelyonthehonestyandgoodfaithofothers,ifnot,wecouldn'tputmoneyinthebank,buyfood,clothing,ormedicinefromothers,driveacrossabridge,getonaharmthatiscausedwhenindividualsforgetorignoretheeffecttheirdishonestycanhave.Thesavingsandloanscandal,thestockmarketandjunkbondswindles,and,ofcourse,Watergate,haveunderminedthefaithofmanyAmericansintheintegrityofpoliticalandeconomicleadersandsocietyasawhole.Suchincidentstakeatremendoustollonournation'seconomyandourindividualwell-being.Forexample,butforthesavingsandloandebacle,theremightbefundsavailabletoreducethenationaldebtandpayforeducation.Insum,weallhaveacommonstakeinourschool,ourcommunity,andoursociety.Ouractionsdomatter.Itisessentialthatweactwithintegrityinordertobuildthekindofworldinwhichwewanttolive.ApersonofintegritynotonlysetshighmoralandethicalstandardsbutstickstothemintheirdailymakesthemknowntounderstandstheirtrueseesthatothersalsofollowWhatroledoesintegrityplayinpersonalandprofessionalIthelpstocreateteamItfacilitatesItisthebasisofmutualItinspiresmutualwhymustwelearntoidentifytheriskswearegoingtoToensurewemakeresponsibleToavoidbeingoverwhelmedbysothatwedon’tbreakanysothatwedon’trunintoViolationofaruleismisconducteven ithascausednoitisclaimedtobeithasgoneitiscommittedwithgoodWhatshouldonedoifhedoesn’twishtofoolhimself?AvoidmakingListentootherpeople’sMakehisintensionsHaveotherswatchoverhisThosewhotakeriskstheyregretlater willoftenbecomemoreareusuallyveryvalueimmediatebenefitsmayloseeverythingintheAccordingtotheauthor,acheaterwhodoesn’tgetcaughtrightawaypaymorebecomemorebewidelyfeelsomewhatCheatersatexamdon’tcareabouttheireducation,alltheycareaboutishowtostealingagradeManyAmericanslostfaithintheintegrityoftheirpoliticalleadersasaresultoftheWatergatescandal.PartⅣReadingComprehension(ReadinginDepth) SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youaretoselectonewordforeachblankfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcarefullybeforemakingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyletter.PleasemarkthecorrespondingletterforeachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsinthebankmorethanonce.Questions47to56arebasedonthefollowingWiththeworld'spopulationestimatedtogrowfromsixtoninebillionby2050,researchers.businessesandgovernmentsarealreadydealingwiththeimpactthisincreasewillhaveoneverythingfromfoodandwatertoinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)andjobs.Underlingallthis47willbethedemandforenergy,whichisexpectedtodoubleoverthenext40years.Findingtheresourcestomeetthisdemandina48.sustainablewayisthecornerstone(基石)ofournation'senergysecurity,andwillbeoneofthemajor49ofthe21stcentury.Alternativeformsofenergy-bio-fuels,windandsolartonameafeware50beingfundedanddevelopedandwillplayagrowing51intheworld'senergysupply.Butexpertssaythatevenwhen52,alternativeenergysourceswilllikelymeetonlyabout30%oftheworld'senergyneedsby2050.Forexample,evenwith53investments,suchasthe$93millionforwindenergydevelopment54intheAmericanRecoveryandReinvestmentAct,importantalternativeenergysourcessuchaswindandbio-fuels55onlyabout1%ofthemarkettoday.willlikelycomefromalotof56bothtraditionalandalternative. Sectionsomequestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthePassageQuestions57to61arebasedonthefollowingBoys'schoolsaretheperfectplacetoteachyoungmentoexpresstheiremotionsandinvolvetheminactivitiessuchasart,danceandmusic.Farfromthetraditionalimageofacultureofaggressivemasculinity陽(yáng)剛),theabsenceofgirlsgivesboysthechancetodevelopwithoutpressuretoconformtoastereotype.aUSstudysays.Boysatsingle-sexschoolsweresaidtobemorelikelytogetinvolvedinculturalandartisticactivitiesthathelpeddeveloptheiremotionalexpressiveness,ratherthanfeelingtheyhadtoconformtothe"boycode"ofhidingtheiremotionstobea"realman".Thefindingsofthestudysoagainstreceivedwisdomthatboysdobetterwhentaughtalongsidegirls.TonyLittle,headmasterofEton,warnedthatboyswerebeingfadedbytheBritisheducationsystembecauseithadbecometoofocusedongirls.Hecriticizedteachersforfailingtorecognizethatboysareactuallymoreemotionalthangirls.Theresearcharguedthatboysoftenperformbadlyinmixedbecausetheybecomediscouragedwhentheirfemalepeersdobetterearlierinspeakingandreadingskills.Butinsingle-sexschoolsteacherscantailorlessonstoboys'learningstyle,lettingthemmovearoundtheclassroomandgettingthemtocompeteinteamstopreventboredom,wrotethestudy'sauthor,AbigailJames,oftheUniversityofVirginia.Teacherscouldencourageboystoenjoyreadingandwritingwith"boy-focused"approachessuchasthemesandcharactersthatappealtothem.Becauseboysgenerallyhavemoreacutevisionlearnbestthroughtouch,andarephysicallymoreactive,theyneedtobegiven"hands-on"lessonswheretheyareallowedtowalkaround.Boysinmixedschoolsviewclassicalmusicasfeminine(女性的)andpreferthemodemgenre(類型)inwhichviolenceandsexismaremajorthemes,"Jameswrote.conformtoastereotypethatmenshouldbe"masterfulandincharge"inrelationships."Inmixedschoolsboysfeelcompelledtoactlikemenbeforetheyunderstandthemselveswellenoughtoknowwhatthatmeans,"thestudyTheauthorbelievesthatasingle-sexschool forceboystohidetheiremotionstobe"realhelptocultivatemasculineaggressivenessinencourageboystoexpresstheiremotionsmorenaturallyreinforceinboysthetraditionalimageofaItiscommonlybelievedthatinamixedschool Performrelatively C)behavemoregrowupmore D)receiveabetterWhatdoesTonyLittlesayabouttheBritisheducationItfailsmoreboysthangirlsItfocusesmoreonmixedschoolItfailstogiveboystheattentiontheyItplacesmorepressureonboysthanonAccordingtoAbigailJames,oneoftheadvantagesofsingle-sexschools teachingcanbetailoredtosuitthecharacteristicsofboyscanfocusontheirlessonswithoutbeingboyscanchoosetolearnwhatevertheyareinterestedteachingcanbedesignedtopromoteboys'teamWhichofthefollowingischaracteristicofboysaccordingtoAbigailJames'report?Theyenjoybeingin C)TheyhavesharperTheyconformto D)TheyareviolentandPassageQuestions62to66arebatedonthefollowingIt'sanannualargument.Doweordowenotgoonholiday?Mypartnersaysnobecausetheboilercouldgo,ortherooffalloffandwehavenosavingstosaveus.Isayyouonlyliveonceandweworkhardandwhat'sthepointifyoucan'tgoonholiday.Thejoyofarecessionmeansnoargumentnextyear-wejustwon'tgo.Sincemoneyisknowntobeoneofthethingsmostlikelytobringarelationshiptoitskneesweshouldbegrateful.FormanyfamiliestherecessionmeansmorethannotbookingaholidayAYouGovpollof2,000peoplefoundmoney.What'slesscleariswhetherdivorceandseparationratesriseinarecessionfinancialpressuresmeancouplesarguemorebutmakesplittinguplessaffordable.Arecentresearchshowsargumentsaboutmoneywereespeciallydamagingtocouples.Disputeswerecharacterizedbyintenseverbal(言語(yǔ)上的aggression,tendedtoberepeatedandnotresolvedandmademen,morethanwomen,extremelyangry.dealbecauseofwhatitsymbolizes,whichmaybedifferentthingstomenandwomen."Peoplecansaythesamethingsaboutmoneybuthavedifferentideasofwhatit'sfor."heexplains."They'llsayit'stosavetospend,forsecurity,forfreedom,toshowsomeoneyoulovethem."Hesaysmenaremorelikelytoseemoneyasawayofbuyingstatusandofshowingtheirparentsthatthey'veachievedsomething."Thebiggestproblemisthatcouplesassumeeachotherknowwhat'sgoingonwiththeirfinances,buttheydon't.Thereseemstobemoreofataboo禁忌)abouttalkingaboutmoneythanaboutdeath.Butyoubothneedtoknowwhatyou'redoing,who'spayingwhatintothejointaccountandhowmuchyoukeepseparately.Inahealthyrelationshipyoudon'thavetoagreeaboutmoney,butyouhavetotalkaboutit."WhatdoestheauthorsayaboutPeopleenjoyitallthemoreduringaFewpeoplecanafforditwithoutworkingItmakesallthehardworkItisthechiefcauseoffamilyWhatdoestheauthormeanbysaying"moneyisknown...tobringarelationshiptoitsknees"(Line1,Para.2)?MoneyisconsideredtobetherootofallSomepeoplesacrificetheirdignityforFewpeoplecanresistthetemptationofDisputesovermoneymayrainaTheYouGovpollof2,000peopleindicatesthatina conflictsbetweencouplestendtoitismoreexpensiveforcouplestosplitcouplesshowmoreconcernforeachdivorceandseparationratesWhatdoesKimStephensonMoneyisoftenasymbolofaperson'sMoneymeansagreatdealtobothandMenandwomenspendmoneyondifferentMenandwomenviewmoneyindifferentTheauthorsuggestsattheendofthepassagethatcouples.puttheirmoneytogetherinsteadofkeepingitmakeeffortstoreachagreementontheirfamilydiscussmoneymatterstomaintainahealthyavoidarguingaboutmoneymatterstoremainPartⅤCloze(15Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblandtherearefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD)ontherightsideofthepaperYoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecentre.Employersfeartheywillbeunabletorecruitstudentswiththeskillstheyneedastheeconomicrecoverykicksin,anewsurvey67.Nearlyhalfoftheorganizationstoldresearcherstheywerealreadystrugglingtofind68withskillsinscience,technology,engineeringandmaths(STEM).69evenmorecompaniesexpecttoexperience70ofemployeeswithSTEMskillsinthenextthreeyears.TheConfederationofBritishIndustry71694businessesandorganizationsacrossthepublicand72sectors,whichtogetheremploy2.4millionpeople.Halfare73theywillnotbeabletofillgraduatepostsinthecomingyears,whileathirdsaidtheywouldnotbeableto74enoughemployeeswiththerightA-levelskills."75wemovefurtherrolerecoveryandbusinessesplan76growth,thedemandforpeoplewithhigh-qualityskillsandqualificationswill77."saidRichardLambert,DirectorGeneral,CBI."Firmssayitisalreadyhardtofindpeoplewiththeright78orengineeringskills.Thenewgovernmentmustmakeitatop79toencouragemoreyoungpeopletostudyscience-related80."Thesurveyfoundthatyoungpeoplewouldimprovetheirjobprospects81theystudiedbusiness,maths,EnglishandphysicsorchemistryatA-level.TheA-levelsthatemployers82leastarepsychologyandsociology.Andwhilemanyemployersdon'tinsistona83degreesubject.AthirdprefertohirethosewithaSTEM-relatedsubject.Theresearch84worriesaboutthelackofprogressinimprovingskillsintheUK85.Halfoftheemployerexpressedworriesaboutemployees'basicliteracyandnumeracy（計(jì)算)skills,whilethebiggestproblemiswithITskills,86two-thirdsreportedconcerns.A) C)B) D)A) C)B) D)A) C)B) D)A) C)B) D)A) C)B) D)A) C)B) D)A) C)B) D)A) C)B) D)A) C)B) D)A) C)B) D)A) C)B) D)A) C)B) D)A) C)B) D)A) C)B) D)A) C)B) D)A) C)B) D)A)typical Bparticular D)generalA) C)B) D)A) C)B) D)A) C)B) D)Part (5 CompletethesentencesbytranslatingintoEnglishtheChinesegiveninbracketsPleasewriteyourtranslationonAnswerSheer2Charitygroupsorganizedvariousactivitiesto otherwisehavereplied．It'smymother (一直在鼓勵(lì)我不要灰心)whenIhavedifficultiesinmystudies．Thepublishinghousehasto Itisabsolutelywrong （僅僅以金錢來(lái)定義幸福A)stickstothemintheirdailyCItisthebasisofmutualtrustA)ToensurewemakeresponsiblechoicesB)itisclaimedtobeA)AvoidmakingexcusesC)valueimmediatebenefitsA)paymoreCheatersatexamdon’tcareabouttheireducationalltheycareaboutishowtostealagrade。andgoodfaith。aresultoftheWatergatescandal。SectionB)GoandaskthestaffA)HefellasleepinthemiddleoftheTVprogramB)SheisworriedaboutmissingherflightA)AtarestaurantA)HeisbeinginterviewedforajobB)ThemanisunlikelytomoveoutofthedormitoryD)ThewomanisgoingtomakeB)Theydidn’tquiteenjoytheirlastpicnicSectionCHeisanEnglishmanlivinginSwedenCThecoldhousesCDepressingB)TheyworkhardandplayhardCFrenchCCareersguidanceD)ItspleasantenvironmentCTheartofJapanesebrushpaintingB)ToenhanceconcentrationA)HowlistenersindifferentculturesshowrespectB)BuyingandmaintainingequipmentD)TwoofhisemployeescommittedtheftB)AdvancementtoahigherpositionD)SheiscompetingwithChrisforthenewjobA)TheyhelpusseetheimportantvaluesofacultureB)Thevaluestheyreflectmaychange缺Section深入閱讀：SectionN)A)E)O)D)M)C)G)K)B)深入閱讀：SectionC)encourageboystoexpresstheiremotionsmoreA)performrelativelyCItfailstogiveboystheattentiontheyneedA)teachingcanbetailoredtosuitthecharacteristicsofCTheyhavesharpervisionCItmakesallthehardworkworthwhileD)DisputesovermoneymayruinarelationshipA)conflictsbetweencouplestendtoD)MenandwomenviewmoneyindifferentwaysC)discussmoneymatters