Unit+9+Human+Biology+Lesson+3+Epidemics+Explained+學(xué)歷案 高二英語(yǔ)北師大版（2019）選擇性必修第三冊(cè)

Unit9Lesson3EpidemicsExplainedTheme:ReadingTimeArrangement:3periodsLearningObjectives:Icanmastersomeimportantwordsandphrasesinthecontext;Icanmakeandconfirmguessesbasedonageneralunderdtanding;Icanreadforgeneralinformationandspecificinformationaboutepidemics:Icannoticetheorganizationalstructureofapassageandsearchonlineforinformationandpresentfindingstotheclass.Learningprocess:§課前預(yù)習(xí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)問題【預(yù)習(xí)評(píng)價(jià)】Doyouknowthefollowingwordsandphrasesafterthepreview?1.在短時(shí)間內(nèi)____________2.和...接觸___________3.將...分類_________________4.一定數(shù)量的________________5.與sth相反____________6.創(chuàng)造一個(gè)更美好的未來________7.詳細(xì)敘述__________8.有記載/記錄的___________9.度過/熬過困難時(shí)期___10.構(gòu)成威脅_____________11.感染率_________12.在...的過程中______________13.作為...的結(jié)果___________14.導(dǎo)致___________15.從...中康復(fù)過來___________16.查明/發(fā)現(xiàn)_______________17.提出/想出_________________18.在全球范圍內(nèi)_______________19.媒體報(bào)道____________20.將…和…相提并論______________第一課時(shí)§課中學(xué)習(xí)，生成問題Whatdoyouknowaboutepidemics?Tickthestatementsthatyouthinkarecorrect.□Anepidemicistherapidspreadofaninfectiousdisease.□Anepidemiccanaffectalargenumberofpeopleinagivenpopulation.□Anepidemiccanoccurwithinashortperiodoftime,usuallytwoweeksorless.□Anepidemicmayspreadtoseveralcountriesorcontinents.□Somecommonviruses,suchasthecommoncold,arenotepidemics.□Anewepidemiccanbeadifferentvariationofavirusthatpeoplecaughtinthepast.II.Readthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestions.1.Whatisanepidemic?Howcanadiseasebeclassifiedasanepidemic?III.Readthepassageagainandfindalltheepidemicsmentionedinthepassage.IV.Howdoesthepassagedevelop?A.InorderoftimeB.InorderofspaceC.InorderoflogicD.InorderofplaceV.Readthepassagecarefully.CompletethetableofExercise3onpage60.VI.Useadiagramtodemonstrateinalogicalwayhowtheaspectsofinformationareorganised.(Exercise4)Workingroupsanddiscussthequestions.Whatarethemainfeaturesofanepidemic?Giveatleasttwoexamplestoillustrateyourpoints.Whatshoulddifferentcountriesdotopreventoutbreakofepidemicsinthefuture?Why?Whodoyouthinkthepassageiswrittenfor?Whatdoesthetitlemeantoyou?Whatdoesthewriterwanttoconveyinthepassage?LanguagepointsLearningObjectives：1.Icanmastersomeimportantwords,phrasesandanalysesomedifficultsentencestructures;課中學(xué)習(xí)：Learnthelanguagepointsandfinishtheexercises.課后練習(xí)：一、填空1.Idon'tliketodefinemyworkasadailyroutine,whichcanbeveryd__________.2.Iwatchedthemleaveandthendroveoffintheo__________direction.3.Thebooksintheschoollibraryarec__________accordingtosubject.4.Restaurantscanofferachoiceofmusicalongwiththev__________foodchoicesonthemenu...5.Opinionsonthismattervary_________persontoperson.6.Ineedtohaveachancetogetmyheadtogetherandthink__________(徹底)everything.7.Taketwocolouredpensand__________(在……之下畫線)thepositiveandnegativewords.8.Sorry,Madam,Ihave__________(低估)youasIdidn'tknowyourbackground.9.Angeris__________(很少)lookeduponasabeneficialcharactertrait，andisusuallyadvisedtoreduceit.10.Ofcourse，ourbrainscandeclineaswegrowolderforlotsofreasons—includingotherenvironmentalinfluencesorgenetic__________(因素).二、七選五

Notlongago,nooneunderstoodthatinfectiousdiseaseswerecausedbytinyorganismsthatmovedfrompersontoperson.Evennow,althoughweknowthattinylivingmicrobescausedisease,howtheydosoisnotalwaysobvious.

①_________Theycanalsobetransmittedthroughourskinthroughinsectoranimalbites.Thebestwaytopreventinfectionsistoblockpathogens(病原體)fromenteringthebody.

Thefirstlineofdefenseistokeepgermsatbaybyfollowinggoodpersonalhealthhabits.Washyourhandswell.Youprobablywashyourhandsafterusingthebathroom,beforepreparingoreatingfood,andaftergardeningorotherdirtytasks.

②_________Wetyourhandsthoroughly.Lather(起泡沫)upwithsoaporcleanser,andrubitintothepalmsandbacksofyourhandsandyourwrists.Besuretocleanyourfingertips,underyournailsandbetweenyourfingers.Washunderrunningwater.③_________

Whetheryouareyoungoryoungatheart,gettingvaccinated(接種疫苗)isanessentialpartofstayinghealthy.

④_________suchasatemporarilysorearmorlowfever,theyaregenerallysafeandeffective.Vaccinationsareessentialifyouaretoavoidgettingsick.Ingeneral,childrenshouldreceivetherecommendedchildhoodvaccinations.Adultsshouldmakesuretheirvaccinationsareuptodate.Whentravellingabroad,checkwithyourhealthcareprovideraboutadditionalimmunisations(免疫).

⑤_________Stayclearofwildanimals.Manywildanimals,includingbats,foxesandcoyotes,canspreadthevirustohumansbybiting.Keepyourpetsawayfromwildanimals,too.Dogs,catsoranyothertypeofwarm-bloodedanimalscanpickupthevirusandpassthevirusalongtopeople.A.

Dryyourhandsandwriststhoroughly.B.

Useanimalcontroltopreventinfections.C.

Whilevaccinesmaycausesomecommonsideeffects,D.

Althoughvaccinescannotpreventsomerarediseases,E.

Otherwildanimalscannottransmitthevirusandotherinfections.F.

Wedoknowthatmostmicrobesenterthroughopeningsinthebody.G.

Youshouldalsowashupafterblowingyournose,coughing,orsneezing.三、閱讀理解

We'veknownthatsittingforlongperiodsoftimeeverydayhascountlesshealthconsequences,likeahigherriskofheartdisease.Butnowanewstudyhasfoundthatsittingisalsobadforyourbrain,whichrunscountertoreceivedideasaboutdeepthought,fromourteachers,whotoldustositdownandfocus,toRodin'sfamous"Thinker",seatedwithchinonhand.

Astudypublishedlastweek,conductedbyDr.PrabhaSiddarthattheUniversityofCalifornia,showedthatsedentary(久坐的)behaviourisassociatedwithreducedthicknessofthemedialtemporallobe(中顳葉),abrainareathatiscriticaltolearningandmemory.

Theresearchersaskedagroupof35healthypeople,aged45to70,abouttheiractivitylevelsandtheaveragenumberofhourseachdayspentsittingandthenscannedtheirbrains.Theyfoundthatthesubjectswhoreportedsittingforlongerperiodshadthethinnestmedialtemporallobes.Itmeansthatthemoretimeyouspendinachairtheworseitisforyourbrainhealth,resultinginpossibledamagetolearningandmemory.

Whatisalsointerestingisthatthisstudydidnotfindasignificantassociationbetweenthelevelofphysicalactivityandthicknessofthisbrainarea,suggestingthatexercise,evensevereexercise,maynotbeenoughtoprotectyoufromtheharmfuleffectsofsitting.

Itthensurprisinglyturnedoutthatyoudon’tevenhavetomovemuchtoenhancecognition(認(rèn)知);juststandingwilldothetrick.Forexample,twogroupsofsubjectswereaskedtocompleteatestwhileeithersittingorstanding.Participantsarepresentedwithconflictingstimuli(刺激),liketheword"green"inblueink,andaskedtonamethecolour.Subjectsthinkingontheirfeetbeatthosewhosatbya3-millisecondmargin.

Thecognitiveeffectsofseverephysicalexercisearewellknown.Butthepossibilitythatstandingmoreandsittinglessimprovesbrainhealthcouldlowerthebarforeveryone.Whichofthefollowingcanbestreplacethephrase"runscounterto"inparagraph1?

A.Goesagainst. B.Bearsout. C.Pushesforward. D.Correspondswith.

2.Whichofthefollowingbestexplains"dothetrick"underlinedinparagraph5?

A.Setatrap. B.Doadeal. C.Gettothepoint. D.Getthedesiredresult.

3.Whichofthefollowinghastheclosestmeaningtotheunderlinedword"margin"inparagraph5?

A.Blank. B.Edge. C.Decrease. D.Difference.四．語(yǔ)法填空Geneticmodification(轉(zhuǎn)基因)isasetoftechnologiesusedtochangethegeneticmakeupofcells.GeneticallymodifiedcropsareplantswithDNA1.hasbeenmodifiedusinggeneticengineeringmethods.Valuablequalitiesareaddedtothecrops,including2.(improve)production,betternutritionalvalueandresistancetodrought,frost,orpests.

Geneticallymodifiedanimalscamelater.In1996,Britishscientists3.(clone)asheepnamedDolly.In2012,4.(produce)milkthatismorenutritiousandwillnotmakepeopleallergic,acompanyinNewZealandengineeredacow.

Ifyouthinkthenextthingonthewayis5.(probable)geneticallymodifyinghumanbabies,you’dberight.Thereis6.(increase)debateabout“designerbabies”,whicharehumanbabiesthathavebeengeneticallymodified.Modificationscan7.(do)tofixgeneticdefects(缺陷),preventlife-threateningdiseases,orproducedesirablequalities.

Thistechnologyleadstoheateddebate,because8.isthepotentialpossibilityofproducinggeneticallymodified“superhumans”toreplacemodernhumans.TheUSAcademiesofScience,Engineering,andMedicinehavereleasedareportonthetopicofgeneticengineeringinhumanbabies.The9.(conclude)wasthatscientistsshouldbeallowedtomodifythehumanDNAtopreventseriousgeneticdiseases.Butitrecommendsrestrictinggeneticmodificationstoseveremedicalconditionsforwhichnoothertreatmentexists.Italsoappealsforinternationalcooperation,whichmeanssomeonemustberesponsible10.makingsureallarefollowingtherules.

答案以及解析一、填空1.depressing2.opposite3.classified4.various5.from6.through7.underline8.underestimated9.rarely10.factors二、七選五答案：FGACB

解析：①考查上下文語(yǔ)境。結(jié)合后文"Thebestwaytopreventinfectionsistoblockpathogens(病原體)fromenteringthebody."可知,防止感染的最好方法是阻止病原體進(jìn)入人體。因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)微生物通過身體進(jìn)入體內(nèi),導(dǎo)致人感染。故選F項(xiàng)。②考查上下文語(yǔ)境。前文的"Washyourhandswell.Youprobablywashyourhandsafterusingthebathroom,beforepreparingoreatingfood,andaftergardeningorotherdirtytasks."介紹了人們?cè)谑裁辞闆r下會(huì)及時(shí)洗手。G項(xiàng)"Youshouldalsowashupafterblowingyournose,coughing,orsneezing."提到了另外幾種需要洗手的情況,與前文需要洗手的情境為并列關(guān)系。故選G項(xiàng)。③考查上下文語(yǔ)境。前文提到洗手的方法和步驟,洗手后需要擦手。A項(xiàng)"Dryyourhandsandwriststhoroughly."表示徹底擦干手和手腕,符合語(yǔ)境。④考查主下文語(yǔ)境。結(jié)合后文"...suchasatemporarilysorearmorlowfever,theyaregenerallysafeandeffective."可知,接種疫苗后會(huì)有手臂酸痛或低燒等癥狀。C項(xiàng)"Whilevaccinesmaycausesomecommonsideeffects,"表示疫苗可能會(huì)引起一些常見的副作用,符合語(yǔ)境。⑤考查段落主題句。結(jié)合后文"Manywildanimals,includingbats,foxesandcoyotes,canspreadthevirustohumansbybiting."可知,許多野生動(dòng)物,包括蝙蝠、狐貍和郊狼,可以通過咬人將病毒傳播給人類。故可推知?jiǎng)游飼?huì)傳播疾病,防止感染需要管控動(dòng)物。B項(xiàng)"Useanimalcontroltopreventinfections."表示使用管控動(dòng)物的方法來防止感染,符合語(yǔ)境。三、閱讀理解答案：1-3ADD

解析：1.詞義猜測(cè)題。本題問及下列哪一項(xiàng)是替代第一段劃線短語(yǔ)“runscounterto”的最佳選項(xiàng)。劃線短語(yǔ)前面"Butnowanewstudyhasfoundthatsittingisalsobadforyourbrain"提至一項(xiàng)新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)坐著對(duì)大腦有害,而后半句"receivedideasaboutdeepthought,fromourteachers,whotoldustositdownandfocus,toRodin'sfamous'Thinker',seatedwithchinonhand"則介紹了公認(rèn)的關(guān)于深思的觀念是坐著并集中注意力。由此可知,“坐著對(duì)大腦有害”與公認(rèn)的觀念相反,由此可推測(cè)劃線短語(yǔ)"runscounterto"意為“與相反,與背道而馳”。goagainst“與相背”;bearout“證實(shí)”;pushforward“推進(jìn)”;correspondwith“與一致”。故選A。

2.詞義猜測(cè)題。本題問及下列哪一項(xiàng)能最好地解釋第五段中的劃線短語(yǔ)"dothetrick"。根據(jù)劃線處下文的"Forexample"可知,其后內(nèi)容是對(duì)劃線部分所在句的具體舉例說明。劃線部分所在句句意為:結(jié)果令人驚奇的是,你甚至不需要為增強(qiáng)認(rèn)知做太多動(dòng)作,只要站著就可以_____。而下文所舉的例子則證實(shí)站著思考的受試者比坐著的受試者反應(yīng)更快、思維更敏捷。也就是說,“站著”這一行為成功達(dá)到了“增強(qiáng)認(rèn)知”的目的。由此可推斷出,"dothetrick"有“起作用,達(dá)到目的”之意。此外,劃線詞前面的"don'tevenhaveto"和"just"也從語(yǔ)氣上進(jìn)行了暗示。setatrap“設(shè)陷講”;doadeal“達(dá)成交易”;gettothepoint“談到正題”;getthedesiredresult“達(dá)到期望的目的”。D項(xiàng)與dothetrick意思相近。故選D。

3.詞義猜測(cè)題。本題問及下列哪一項(xiàng)與第五段中的劃線詞"margin"意思最接近。根據(jù)劃線詞所在句"Subjectsthinkingontheirfeetbeatthosewhosatbya3-millisecondmargin."可知,站著思考的受試者擊敗了坐著的受試者。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知,"bya3-millisecondmargin"是指獲勝者快了3毫秒,即以3毫秒的差額取勝,所以"margin"在此處為“差額”之意。blank“空白處,空格”;edge“邊緣”;decrease“減少”;difference“差別;差額”。D項(xiàng)與margin意思最接近。故選D。四.本文是說明文。文章主要介紹了基因工程在植物、動(dòng)物乃至人類應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域的發(fā)展歷程。1.that/which考查定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句,修飾先行詞DNA,且在從句中作主語(yǔ),故填that或which。2.improved考查動(dòng)詞-ed形式作定語(yǔ)。設(shè)空處作定語(yǔ)修飾production,表示“改進(jìn)了的”,故填improved。3.cloned考查動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)。由前面的in1996可知,設(shè)空處所表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去,應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí),故填cloned。4.top