高二英語(yǔ)期中考試

高二英語(yǔ)期中考試II.GrammarandVocabularySectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.SwimmingwaytosuccessWhatdoesittaketograduatefromauniversity?Many(1)sayallyouhavetodoistakeclassesandpasstheexams.Well,itrequiresmorethanitifyou’reastudentatTsinghuaUniversity.StartingthisSeptember,freshmenattheuniversitywillhavetotakeswimmingcourses.Iftheyfailaswimmingtestatthebeginningoftheiruniversitycourse,theywon’treceivetheirdegree(2)theycanpassthetestsuccessfully,accordingtoanannouncementbyTsinghuaUniversitypresidentQiuYong.Exceptions(3)(allow)forstudentswithcertainphysicalormentalconditions,ifprovedbymedicalstaff.LiuBo,headoftheDivisionofSportsScienceandPhysicalEducation,explained(4)theuniversityislinkingswimmingabilitywithdegrees.“Asarequisite(必要的)survivalskill,swimmingisbeneficialforstudentsinthelongrun,sinceswimmingishelpfulinimprovingstudents’enduranceandis(5)(harmful)tojoints(關(guān)節(jié))andmusclesasawatersport,”hetoldChinaDaily.Viewingtheability(6)(swim)asamustforstudentsisnotsomethingnewtothisuniversity-itwasalsoarequirementintheearly20thcentury.Itwaslaterdropped(7)arisingnumberofstudentsandalackoffacilities.BesidesTsinghuaUniversity,PekingUniversityandXiamenUniversityhavealsolistedswimmingasacompulsorycourseforstudents.However,theannouncementhascausedaheateddebate.Somewelcomedthenewrule,sayingit’sanecessaryskillthatcansavelives.“Swimmingisafundamental(基本的)skill.It’sawaytostayhealthyandislifesavinginemergencysituations.Ibelievemaking(8)mandatory(強(qiáng)制的)isnecessary,”YuanJiaxiang,ajuniorinTsinghua’sDepartmentofCivilEngineering,toldChinaDaily.However,somesaidithasnothingtodowithgettingadegree.“It’snotreasonabletorequirepeopletobeabletoswimforthemtograduate,”ZhengXiaoyu,ahighschoolstudentfromtheMiddleSchoolAffiliatedtoNorthernJiaotongUniversity,toldChinaDaily.“Foralotofpeoplewhogrewupininlandcities,learninghowtoswimasanadultwillbedifficult.”Infact,Chineseuniversitiesarenottheonlyeducationorganizations(9)encouragetheirstudentstoswim.AfewcollegesintheUnitedStates-includingCornell,ColumbiaandMIT-offerswimclassestostudents.“Anything(10)(prevent)peoplefromdyingneedlesslyisavaluableskill,”FredDeBruyn,directorofaquatics(水上運(yùn)動(dòng))atCornell,toldTheNewYorkTimes.【答案】1.may/might 2.until 3.willbeallowed 4.why 5.lessharmful 6.toswim 7.dueto/becauseof/owingto 8.it 9.that 10.preventing 【分析】1.考察主謂之間填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，諸多人也許會(huì)說(shuō)......，不是很確定，因此用may.2.按照句義，他們將得不到他們的學(xué)位除非能成功通過(guò)考試，not...until...。3.考察動(dòng)詞，首先確定本句沒有謂語(yǔ)，應(yīng)當(dāng)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，然后是例外會(huì)被容許而不是積極，最終確定主將從現(xiàn)，因此用willbeallowed.4.考察賓語(yǔ)從句，解釋之后應(yīng)當(dāng)解釋為何，因此是why。5.考察形容詞，這里在講游泳的好處，因此應(yīng)是lessharmfultojointsandmusles.6.考察非謂語(yǔ)，theabilitytodosth,做某事的能力。7.考察連詞，這件事情后來(lái)被放下了由于......原因，因此填dueto。8.考察代詞，這里是it作making的賓語(yǔ)，把這件事變?yōu)閺?qiáng)制的是很必要的，it代指游泳。9.考察定語(yǔ)從句，中國(guó)大學(xué)不是唯一做某事的組織，定從缺主語(yǔ)，填that/which,不過(guò)前面有theonly,因此只能填that.。10.考察非謂語(yǔ)，句子中已經(jīng)有謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞is。任何制止人們死亡的事情是積極，因此用doing。SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.AA.impactsB.remindedC.debtD.variesAB.significantlyAC.equallyAD.associatedBC.dependingBD.estimatesCD.additionABC.adaptIfyoucan’tseemtocatchenoughZ’sduringtheweek,you’renotalone.Butbadthingshappentoyourbodywhenyou’resleep-deprived,notleastofwhichisweightgain.Well,here’ssomegoodnews:Sleepinginontheweekendtomakeupforsleeplostduringtheweekis(1)withlowerbodymassindex(BMI),accordingtoastudypublishedintheOxfordUniversityPressjournalSleep.Theresearchers,acollaborationofscientistsbasedinBoston,Massachusetts,andtheRepublicofKorean,soughttodetermineifwhattheyrefertoas“catch-upsleep”(2)bodymassindex(BMI)inthegeneralpopulation.Todoso,theyconductedface-to-faceinterviewsofarandomsamplingof2,156adults,comparingtheirsleephabitswiththeirBMIscores.The932participantswhosleptin–“catch-upsleepers”(peoplewhosleeplongerontheweekendthanonweekdaysbyapproximatelytwohours)hada(n)(3)lowerBMIthantheothersubjects.What’smore,everyadditionalhourofcatch-upsleepwaslinkedwithadecreaseinBMI.Astowhysleepinginonweekendscanleadtoweightloss,oneofthestudyco-authors,RobertThomas,MD,MMSc,oftheDivisionofPulmonary,CriticalCareandSleepMedicine,DepartmentofMedicineattheBethIsraelDeaconessMedicalCenterinBoston,(4)Reader’sDigestofthe“substantial(大量的)experimentalandepidemiological(流行病學(xué)的)datathatshortsleepcontributestoweightgain.”Henotes,“ourbest(5)asresearchersarethattherearebalancestobekept,andthebodycanadjustand(6)withinreason.Catch-upsleepallowsthebasicbalancetobemaintained.”AlthoughthestudyshowedsignificantdifferencesinBMIwiththe(7)oftwoormorehoursofcatch-upsleep,Dr.Thomaspointsoutthatthereare“substantialindividualdifferences,”suchthatthebenefitwegetfromthoseextrahourswillvary(8)onhowmuchsleepeachofusgenerallyneeds.“Todetermineyouroptionalsleep,youcantrackthetimespentsleepingonnightswhenthereisnoneedtowakeuptoanalarm,”suggestsLizaBaker,ahealthcoachatSimplyHealthCoaching.Thattellsyouabouthowmanyhoursofsleepyourbodylikestoget,sinceit(9)greatlyacrossthepopulation,fromjust4to5hoursto9to10hours.Socanyouactuallylostweightbysleepinginontheweekend?Onlyifyou’repayingoffasleep(10)fromtheweek,accordingtotheresultofthisstudy.Ithelpsifyou’realsoeatingless,Dr.Thomasadds.【答案】1.AD2.A3.AB4.B5.BD 6.ABC7.CD 8.BC 9.D 10.C【分析】1.首先可以判斷該空填形容詞，根據(jù)句義可知：周末補(bǔ)覺會(huì)減少BMI，結(jié)合前后be…with,聯(lián)想到固定搭配beassociatedwith,因此該空填A(yù)Dassociated，聯(lián)絡(luò)，與……有關(guān)。2.首先可以判斷該空填名詞，根據(jù)句義可知：研究人員但愿判斷出所謂的“補(bǔ)覺”能否影響大部分人的BMI，因此填A(yù).impacts，影響。3.首先可以判斷該空填副詞，然后根據(jù)句義可知填A(yù)Bsignificantly，較大程度上。4.首先可以判斷該空填動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)句義：周末補(bǔ)覺可以減肥這件事使人聯(lián)想到缺覺導(dǎo)致增肥，因此填B.reminded，使人聯(lián)想到。5.首先可以判斷該空填名詞，根據(jù)句義判斷填BD,estimates估計(jì)。6.首先可以判斷該空填動(dòng)詞原形，根據(jù)句義可知填A(yù)BCadapt適應(yīng)。7.首先可以判斷該空填名詞，根據(jù)句義說(shuō)額外睡了2小時(shí)的BMI差異，因此填CDaddition，額外，增長(zhǎng)。8.首先可以判斷該空填動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)句意：額外睡眠的好處根據(jù)沒人總體所需睡眠時(shí)間而不一樣，因此填BCdepending，取決于。9.首先可以判斷該空填一種動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)句義：個(gè)人所需睡眠時(shí)間因人而異，因此填D.varies，不一樣。10.首先可以判斷該空填名詞，前文有payoff，因此填C.debt，還債。BA.affordableB.featureC.limitedD.substituteAB.suitAC.guideAD.availableBC.alternativeBD.enhanceCD.originalABC.combiningGohi-techthisholidayIfyou’vebeensearchingforareasontopickupthatlatestgadget,thenwhatbettertimethanChristmas?There’snoshortageofinnovative,forward-thinkingandfuturisticproductsonthemarkettoday,astechnologytakescenterstageonmanypeople’sfestivewishlists.Here,weofferafestivegadget(小玩意)(1)thatwillhelpyoutakeacloserlookatthreeoftech’shottestcategories.VirtualrealityVRProbablythemostexcitingtechdevelopmentofrecenttimes,virtualreality(VR)hasarrived,withenoughoptions(2)totheconsumerwho’ssearchingforanextradoseofhigh-techfunthisChristmas.Thecheapestwaytogetahigh-endVRexperiencecomescourtesyofSony.ItsPlayStationVRdoesn’trequireatricked-outPCorexpensivephone-itworkswiththePlaystation4consoleandcomeswithafewgreatgamesinitslibrary.Therearesomeaccessoriesyoucanpurchaseto(3)theexperience,butifyou’vealreadygotaPS4youcanentertheworldofVRforjust$400(2780yuan).hasbeentheyearofVRandassuchmany(4)toSony’screationexist.High-endofferingsliketheHTCViveandOculusRift,aswellasmobileoptionslikeSamsung’sGearVR,willgetyourheadinthegame.Wirelessheadphones(5)easeofusewiththeabilitytomovefreelyaroundyourhome,gymorworkplace,wirelessheadphonesjustmakesense.Andthereareplentyofviable(可行的)optionsto(6)anybudget.TheBoseQuietComfort35wirelessheadphonesaredefinitelyworthatestdrive,though.Thefull-size,around-earBluetoothheadphones(7)activenoisecancellationanddoubleasaheadsetformakingphonecalls.They’veevenearnedtheEditor’sChoiceawardatCandcanbesnappedupforlessthan$400online.BeatshasworkeditswayfirmlyintothemarketanditsStudioWirelessheadphonesareapopularchoice,especiallyasyoucannowfindthemmuchcheaperthantheir(8)$379askingpricebysearchingaroundonline.DigitalcamerasWhileyourphoneisaworthysidekick,there’sno(9)forarealcamerawhenitcomestotakingtheperfectpicture.Andthesedaysyoucangetqualityspecificationsinapackagethat’salmostassmallasyoursmartphone.ThesleekdesignoftheFujifilmX70,$699(4,850yuan),makesittheperfectcompanion,oryoucouldgoretrowiththeOlympusPEN-F($1,200)thatoffersoldschoollooksalongsidecuttingedgetechnology.Domestically,it’sworthcheckingoutXiaomi’smirrorlessYiM1foramore(10)option.Withahigh-end20-megapixelsensorandtheabilitytohostmultiplelenses,it’savailablefromjust2,199yuan.【答案】1. AC 2. AD 3. BD 4. BC 5. ABC 6. AB 7. B 8. CD 9. D 10. A 【分析】1.首先可以判斷該空填名詞，根據(jù)句義可知：這里我們提供一種節(jié)日小玩意指導(dǎo)，它可以協(xié)助你更仔細(xì)看看三種最流行的科技發(fā)明，因此該空填A(yù)C.guide，指導(dǎo)，闡明。2.首先可以判斷該空填形容詞，根據(jù)句義可知：VR能充足提供消費(fèi)者選擇，因此填A(yù)D.available，可獲得的。3.首先可以判斷該空填動(dòng)詞原形，然后根據(jù)句義可知填BD.enhance，促近，提高。4.首先可以判斷該空填名詞，根據(jù)句義下面舉例其他品牌的VR，因此填BC.alternative，可供選擇的東西。5.首先可以判斷該空填非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)句義判斷填A(yù)BC.combining，結(jié)合，與介詞with連用。6.首先可以判斷該空填動(dòng)詞原形，根據(jù)句義可知填A(yù)B.suit，適合。7.首先可以判斷該空填動(dòng)詞，根據(jù)句義說(shuō)藍(lán)牙耳機(jī)的特色功能，因此填B.feature，以...為特色。8.首先可以判斷該空填形容詞，因此填CD.original，最初的。9.首先可以判斷該空填一種名詞，根據(jù)句義：沒有替代真正相機(jī)的措施，因此填D.substitute，替代。10.首先可以判斷該空填形容詞，前文有more形容詞的比較級(jí)，因此填A(yù).affordable，付得起的。III.ReadingComprehensionSectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.Truthbetold,alife-changingcollegeexperiencedoesn’tbeginorendwithahighGPAorgreatuniversitytour.Andalthoughparentsandteachersalikeworkdiligentlytopreptheirstudentswiththecutting-edgeclassesandimpressivetranscripts,they’re(1)onevitalskill:emotionalintelligence.Apollof1,502first-yearcollegestudentsintheU.S.foundthatamajorityofthemwishtheyhadreceivedmore(2)preparationforcollege.Emotionalpreparednessis(3)“theabilitytotakecareofoneself,adapttonewenvironments,(4)negativeemotionsorbehaviorandbuildpositiverelationship,”accordingtothesurvey.“Surveydataindicatethatcollegereadinessrequiresfarmorethanjustasolidacademicfoundation–afindgthatseems(5)conventionalhighereducationpreparation,saidJohnMacPhee,ExecutiveDirectoroftheJedFoundation,whichco-sponsoredthesurvey.“Itisclearthatemotionalpreparednessshouldbebetter(6)theworkthathighschoolcommunitiesaredoingtoguidestudentsthroughthetransitionintocollege.”Datashowthatcollegestudents(7)farmorethantheiracademics–andtheirstresscantakeaserioustoll(代價(jià))ontheir(8)inschool.Fortypercentofsurveyparticipantsfeltpressuretopayforcollegeexpenses,followedby30percentwhosaidtheirbiggest(9)wastomakenewfriends.(10),keepingintouchwithfamilyandfriendsnotattheircollege(28percent)andbeingindependent(16percent)alsoweighedheavilyoncollegestudnets’shoulders.Allofthese(11)hadanegativeimpactinsideandoutsideoftheclassroom.Studentswhofeltlessemotionallypreparedforcollegeweremorelikelytohavealowergradepointaverage,regularly(12)drugsand/oralcohol,andratetheiroverallcollegeexperienceasterribleorpoor.“Ashighschoolseniorsstartapplyingtocollegearoundthistimeofyear,parentsandpeople(13)intheirlivescanplayanimportantroleinhelpingchildrenbuildconfidenceandlifeskills,saidMarisaGiarnella-Porco,Co-Founder,PresidentandChiefExecutiveOfficeroftheJordanPorcoFoundation,asurveyco-sponsor.“Itisimportantto(14)themtochooseacollegethatbestfitstheirneedsfirstandforemost–notonlyina(n)(15)sense,butalsorelativetoemotionalneeds.”Thankfully,whetheryourchildispackingupforschoolthisfallorstillindiapers,it’snevertoolate(ortooearly!)tobeginpreppingthemforuniversitylife.Here’swhatparentsshoulddotohelptheircollege-boundkid,startingnow.1.A.mastering B.employing C.forgetting D.preparing2.A.emotional B.careful C.comprehensive D.active3.A.comparedwith B.appliedto C.adjustedto D.definedas4.A.arouse B.control C.display D.hide5.A.shortof B.strictwith C.contraryto D.proudof6.A.remindedof B.combinedwith C.focusedon D.devotedto7.A.dependon B.worryabout C.referto D.respondto8.A.performances B.grades C.subjects D.requirements9.A.mistake B.decision C.event D.challenge10.A.Otherwise B.Thus C.Besides D.However11.A.pressures B.benefits C.behaviors D.thoughts12.A.market B.ban C.consume D.produce13.A.aggressive B.influential C.mysterious D.modest14.A.support B.guide C.warn D.command15.A.good B.keen C.academic D.delicate【答案】1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. C 6. B 7. B 8. A 9. D 10. C 11. A 12. C 13. B 14. B 15. C 【分析】1.C前句“他們忘了一種重要的技能”，因此本句的答案對(duì)應(yīng)的是：“forgetting”2.A本句的意思是“大部分學(xué)術(shù)需要情感上的準(zhǔn)備”,因此本句答案應(yīng)當(dāng)是“情感的”3.D根據(jù)上下文，應(yīng)選擇“被定義為”4.B根據(jù)前文，意為“控制負(fù)面情感”5.C根據(jù)上下文，“與...相對(duì)的是”6.B根據(jù)上下文，本句的意思是“情感準(zhǔn)備需要更好的把...與工作相結(jié)合”7.B根據(jù)下文學(xué)生的壓力判斷出應(yīng)選擇“緊張”。8.A根據(jù)上下文，本句的意思是學(xué)生在校的成績(jī)，即“學(xué)業(yè)的體現(xiàn)”9.D根據(jù)上下文，本句的意思是“最大的挑戰(zhàn)是結(jié)交朋友”10.C連詞besides承接上下文，表達(dá)“除...之外還”11.A根據(jù)上下文，本句的意思是：“所有的這些壓力對(duì)...有負(fù)面影響”12.C根據(jù)上下文，本句的意思是：“常常消費(fèi)(購(gòu)置)毒品和/或酒”13.B根據(jù)上下文，本句的意思是：“家長(zhǎng)和人們的影響”14.B根據(jù)后文“指導(dǎo)他們?nèi)ミx擇最適合的大學(xué)”15.C“academicsense”意為“學(xué)術(shù)意識(shí)”SectionBDirections:Readthefollowingpassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.AElNino,aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild”,wasnamedbyaSouthAmericanfishermanwhonoticedthattheglobalweatherpattern,whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears,reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.ElNinoseeswarmwater,collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific,flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken,orsometimestheotherwayround.Theweathereffectsbothgoodandbad,arefeltinmanyplaces.RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulElNino,onbalance,thantheylose.AstudyfoundthatastrongElNinoin1997helpedAmerican’seconomygrowby15billion,partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvest,farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagriculturalgrowthinrichcountriesisgreaterthanthefallinpoorones.ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.Amulti-yeardroughtinsouth-eastBrazilisbecomingworse.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNinomayrelievethedroughtinCalifornia,theyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.ThemostrecentpowerfulNino,in1997-98,killedaround21,000peopleandcauseddamageworth$36billionaroundtheglobe.ButsuchNinoscomewithmonthsofwarning,andsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanprepare.AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI),however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.Thisisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonrisk-reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure(基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施)canreducethespreadofdisease.Bettersewers(下水道)makeitlesslikelythatheavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofbadstomach.Strongerbridgesmeanvillagesarelesslikelytobeleftwithoutfoodandmedicineafterfloods.AccordingtoapaperinbyMr.Hsiangandco-authors,civilconflictisrelatedtoElNino’sharmfuleffects-andthepoorerthecountry,thestrongerthelink.Thoughtherelationshipmaynotbecausal,helpingdividedcommunitiestopreparefordisasterswouldatleastreducetheriskthatthosedisastersarefollowedbykillingandwoundingpeople.SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNino,reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.1.WhatcanwelearnaboutElNinoinParagraph1?A.ItisnamedafteraSouthAmericanfisherman. B.Ittakesplacealmosteveryyearallovertheworld.C.ItforcesfishermentostopcatchingfisharoundChristmas.D.Itseesthechangesofwaterflowdirectionintheocean.2.WhatmayElNinosbringabouttothecountriesaffected?A.Agriculturalharvestsinrichcountriesfall. B.Droughtsbecomemoreharmfulthanfloods.C.Richcountries’gainsaregreaterthantheirlosses. D.Poorcountriessufferlessfromdroughtseconomically.3.ThedataprovidedbyODIinParagraph4suggestthat.A.moreinvestmentshouldgotoriskreduction B.governmentsofpoorcountriesneedmoreaidC.victimsofElNinodeservemorecompensation D.recoveryandreconstructionshouldcomefirst4.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthepassage?A.TointroduceElNinoanditsorigin. B.ToexplaintheconsequencesofElNino.C.ToshowwaysoffightingagainstElNino. D.TourgepeopletoprepareforElNino.【答案】1-4DCAD【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段最終一句ElNinoseeswarmwater,collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific,flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken,orsometimestheotherwayround.可知D對(duì)的。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第二句RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulElNino,onbalance,thantheylose.可知C對(duì)的3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第三句AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI),however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundinginthepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.可知A對(duì)的。4.目的意圖題。根據(jù)最終一句SincethepoorestareleastlikelytomakeupfortheirlossesfromdisasterslinkedtoElNino,reducingtheirlossesneedstobethepriority.各國(guó)政府要把減少損失放在優(yōu)先位置。也就是說(shuō)我們要事先做好準(zhǔn)備?？芍狣對(duì)的。BInspiringyoungminds!TOKNOWMagazineisabighitintheworldofchildren’spublishing,bringingauniquecombinationofchallengingideasandgoodfuntoyoungfanseverymonth.WhatissospecialaboutTOKNOWmagazine?Well,ithasnoadsorpromotionsinside-insteaditisjam-packedwithseriousideas.TOKNOWmakescomplexideasattractiveandaccessibletochildren,whocanbecomeinvolvedinadvancedconceptsandevenphilosophy-andtheywillsoondiscoverthatTOKNOWfeelsmorelikeaclubthanjustamagazine.What’sinside?Everymonththemagazineintroducesafreshnewtopicwitharticles,experimentsandcreativethingstomake-themagazinealsoexploresphilosophyandwellbeingtomakesureyoungreadershaveabalancedtakeonlife.Soundstoogoodtobetrue?Takealookonline-evidenceshowsthatthousandsofteachersandparentsknowagoodthingwhentheyseeitandrecommendTOKNOWtotheirfriends.HappyBirthdayAllYear!Whatcouldbemorefunthanagiftthatkeepscomingthroughtheletterboxeverymonth?Thefirstmagazinewithyourgiftmessagewillarriveintimeforthespecialday.SUBSCRIBENOW□AnnualSubscriptionEurope￡55 RestofWorld￡65□AnnualSubscriptionwithGiftPackIncludesaMammothMap,apassportPuzzleBooklet,andSubscriptionEurope￡60 RestofWorld￡70RefundPolicy-thesubscriptioncanbecancelledwithin28daysandyoucangetyourmoneyback.1.WhyisTOKNOWaspecialmagazine?A.Itentertainsyoungparents. B.Itprovidesseriousadvertisements.C.Itpublishespopularsciencefictions. D.Itcombinesfunwithcomplexconcepts.2.WhatdoesTOKNOWofferitsreaders?A.Onlinecourses. B.Articlesonnewtopics.C.Lecturesonabalancedlife. D.Reportsonscientificdiscoveries.3.Howmuchshouldyoupayifyoumakea12-mouthsubscriptiontoTOKNOWwithgiftpackfromChina?A.￡55. B.￡60. C.￡65. D.￡70.4.SubscribersofTOKNOWwouldget.A.freebirthdaypresents B.fullrefundwithin28daysC.membershipoftheTOKNOWclub D.chancestomeettheexpertsinperson【答案】1-4DBDB【解析】1.根據(jù)第一種方框內(nèi)的描述可知，答案為D2.根據(jù)第二個(gè)方框內(nèi)的“afreshnewtopicwitharticles…”可知答案為B3.根據(jù)AnnualSubscriptionwithGiftPack所在部分可知答案是D4.根據(jù)文章最終一段可知答案為BCSupposeyoubecomealeaderinanorganization.It’sverylikelythatyou’llwanttohavevolunteerstohelpwiththeorganization’sactivities.Todoso,itshouldhelptounderstandwhypeopleundertakevolunteerworkandwhatkeepstheirinterestinthework.Let’sbeginwiththequestionofwhypeoplevolunteer.Researchershaveidentifiedseveralfactorsthatmotivatepeopletogetinvolved.Forexample,peoplevolunteertoexpresspersonalvaluesrelatedtounselfishness,toexpandtheirrangeofexperiences,andtostrengthensocialrelationships.Ifvolunteerpositionsdonotmeettheseneeds,peoplemaynotwishtoparticipate.Toselectvolunteers,youmayneedtounderstandthemotivationsofthepeopleyouwishtoattract.Peoplealsovolunteerbecausetheyarerequiredtodoso.Toincreaselevelsofcommunityservice,someschoolshavelaunchedcompulsoryvolunteerprograms.Unfortunately,theseprogramscanshiftpeople’swishofparticipationfromaninternalfactor(e.g.,“Ivolunteerbecauseit’simportanttome”)toanexternalfactor(e.g.,“IvolunteerbecauseI’mrequiredtodoso”).Whenthathappens,peoplebecomelesslikelytovolunteerinthefuture.Peoplemustbesensitivetothispossibilitywhentheymakevolunteeractivitiesamust.Oncepeoplebegintovolunteer,whatleadsthemtoremainintheirpositionsovertime?Toanswerthisquestion,researchershaveconductedfollow-upstudiesinwhichtheytrackvolunteersovertime.Forinstance,onestudyfollowed238volunteersinFloridaoverayear.Oneofthemostimportantfactorsthatinfluencedtheirsatisfactionasvolunteerswastheamountofsufferingtheyexperiencedintheirvolunteerpositions.Althoughthisresultmaynotsurpriseyou,itleadstoimportantpracticaladvice.Theresearchersnotethatattentionshouldbegivento“trainingmethodsthatwouldpreparevolunteersfortroublesomesituationsorprovidethemwithstrategiesforcopingwiththeproblemtheydoexperience”.Anotherstudyof302volunteersathospitalsinChicagofocusedonindividualdifferencesinthedegreetowhichpeopleview“volunteer”asanimportantsocialrole.Itwasassumedthatthosepeopleforwhomtheroleofvolunteerwasmostpartoftheirpersonalidentitywouldalsobemostlikelytocontinuevolunteerwork.Participantsindicatedthedegreetowhichthesocialrolematteredbyrespondingtostatementssuchas“VolunteeringinHospitalisanimportantpartofwhoIam.”Consistentwiththeresearchers’expectations,theyfoundapositivecorrelation(正有關(guān))betweenthestrengthofroleidentityandthelengthoftimepeoplecontinuedtovolunteer.Theseresults,onceagain,leadtoconcreteadvice:“Onceanindividualbeginsvolunteering,continuedeffortsmightfocusondevelopingavolunteerroleidentity...ItemslikeT-shirtsthatallowvolunteerstoberecognizedpubliclyfortheircontributionscanhelpstrengthenroleidentity”.1.Peoplevolunteermainlyoutof.A.academicrequirements B.socialexpectationsC.financialrewards D.internalneeds2.WhatcanwelearnfromtheFloridastudy?A.Follow-upstudiesshouldlastforoneyear. B.Volunteersshouldgetmentallyprepared.C.Strategytrainingisamustinresearch. D.Volunteersareprovidedwithconcreteadvice.3.Whatismostlikelytomotivatevolunteerstocontinuetheirwork?A.Individualdifferencesinroleidentity. B.PubliclyidentifiablevolunteerT-shirts.C.Roleidentityasavolunteer. D.Practicaladvicefromresearchers.4.Whatisthebesttitleofthepassage?A.HowtoGetPeopletoVolunteer B.HowtoStudyVolunteerBehaviorsC.HowtoStrengthenVolunteers’Identity D.HowtoOrganizeVolunteerActivities【答案】1-4DBCA【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段內(nèi)容可知人們做志愿者工作的原由于：toexpresspersonalvaluesrelatedtounselfishness,toexpandtheirrangeofexperiences,andtostrengthensocialrelationships.再結(jié)合Ifvolunteerpositionsdonotmeettheseneeds,peoplemaynotwishtoparticipate.可知答案為D（滿足內(nèi)在的需求）2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段最終一句中“trainingmethodsthatwouldpreparevolunteersfortroublesomesituationsorprovidethemwithstrategiesforcopingwiththeproblemtheydoexperience”可知志愿者應(yīng)當(dāng)從心理上做好充足的準(zhǔn)備。選項(xiàng)B對(duì)的3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第二句中thosepeopleforwhomtheroleofvolunteerwasmostpartoftheirpersonalidentitywouldalsobemostlikelytocontinuevolunteerwork.可知志愿者身份認(rèn)同會(huì)鼓勵(lì)他們繼續(xù)從事志愿者工作。選項(xiàng)C對(duì)的4.標(biāo)題歸納題。文章首段提出假設(shè)：假如你是一名組織領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人，很想得到志愿者的協(xié)助，并指出在此之前，必須弄清志愿者為何自發(fā)地去服務(wù)社會(huì)，并通過(guò)3個(gè)試驗(yàn)研究志愿者的意圖。因此A項(xiàng)（怎樣使人們從事志愿者服務(wù)）是文章的最佳標(biāo)題。DAskmostpeoplehowtheydefinetheAmericanDreamandchancesarethey’llsay,“Success.”ThedreamofindividualopportunityhasbeenhomeinAmericansinceEuropeansdiscovereda“newworld”intheWesternHemisphere.EarlyimmigrantslikeHectorSt.JeandeCrevecoeurpraisedhighlythefreedomandopportunitytobefoundinthisnewland.HisglowingdescriptionsofaclasslesssocietywhereanyonecouldattainsuccessthroughhonestyandhardworkfiredtheimaginationsofmanyEuropeanreaders:inLettersfromanAmericanFarmer(1782)hewrote.“Weareallexcitedatthespiritofanindustrywhichisunfettered(無(wú)拘無(wú)束的)andunrestrained,becauseeachpersonworksforhimself…Wehavenoprinces,forwhomwetoil(干苦力活),