初中英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)之定語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)精講

初中英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)之定語(yǔ)從句知識(shí)精講在復(fù)合句中。修飾某一名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。一、先行詞定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的詞。二、關(guān)系詞1.關(guān)系代詞:代替先行詞在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ)。如:that,which,who,whom.whose,as.2.關(guān)系副詞:代替先行詞在句中作狀語(yǔ)。如:when,where,why。三、特點(diǎn)1.在句子中作定語(yǔ):2.關(guān)系詞在從句中需充當(dāng)句子成分;3.關(guān)系代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)。人稱和數(shù)與先行詞一致。四、關(guān)系代詞的用法1.who指人,在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ),口語(yǔ)中可作賓語(yǔ);that也可指人,但多用who。ThemanwhoissittingunderthetreeisaGerman.ThestudentwhospeaksGermanbestcomesfromChina.Themanwho(that)youwanttoseeishere.2.whom指人，在句中作賓語(yǔ)?？谡Z(yǔ)中可略。但在作介詞的賓語(yǔ)時(shí)只能用whom，不能用who。關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí)，whom不能略Theman(whom)youlookforisdead.Iknowthegirl(whom/who)theteacherisspeakingto.Iknowthegirltowhomtheteacherisspeaking.3.whose作定語(yǔ)?？芍溉嘶蛭顴veryonehelpsthechildwhoseparentsaredead.Theyarethelazystudentswhose'homeworkwasn'thandedin.that指人或物,多指物;作主語(yǔ)(不能略)或賓語(yǔ)(可略)Heisthefinestcomradethathashelpedus.Thisisaplantthatgrowsinthenorth.Thatisthenewfilm(that)wehaveseen.which指物,在句中作主語(yǔ)(不能略)或賓語(yǔ)(可略)Thisbuildingwhichisbeingbuiltisahotel.Iknowthehouse(which)helivedin.[注意]:A.whom,that,which在定語(yǔ)從向中作賓語(yǔ)可略，但在介詞+whom/which中不能略、介詞后不能用thal。若介詞置于動(dòng)詞后，可用that,which。whom;置于關(guān)系代詞前只用whichwhom固定的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)中介詞不能提前。ThechildtowhomAuntLiwrotealetterisill.Thisisthemagazine(that/which)youarelookingfor.先行詞是人時(shí)可用who或that，但下列情況多用who來(lái)明確指人①先行詞為all,anyone,one/ones指人時(shí)，用who來(lái)明確指人Twowomenareunderthetree.Theonewhoissewingishermother.Anyonewhohasevescanseeit.②先行詞為those或he/she等人稱代詞時(shí)。Thosewhoareagainsttheplanhaveraisedtheirhands.Hewhodoesn'tgototheGreatwallisnotarealman:③Therebe開頭的句子。Thereisastrangerwhowantstoseeyou.④在被分隔的定語(yǔ)從句中TheteacherwillcomeatoncewhowillteachanewGermansong.⑤一個(gè)句子帶有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句,其中一個(gè)用who,另一個(gè)用that。Themanthatwaspraisedatthemeetingwhowas,givenamedalisasoldier.C.指物時(shí)用which或thal,但在下列情況一般用that。①先行詞為all,everything,anything,nothing,much.liule,none.one等不定代詞時(shí)，只能用that。Allthatglittersisnotgold.②先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞所修飾時(shí)。ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.ThisisthefirstEnglishnovelthatwaspublishedinourcountry.③當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)Chinaisnotthecountrythatitusedtobe.4先行詞被very,thesame,thelast,theonly,thefirst等修飾時(shí)HeistheverymanthatI'mafter.TheonlythingthatIcandoistoworkharder.主句以特殊疑問(wèn)詞who,which,what開頭時(shí)Whowasitthatdiscoveredtheelement?Whatwasitthatshebought?7.先行詞包括人和物時(shí)。Theytalkedofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberedintheschool.IlikethepeopleandtheplacethatIvisitedlastyear.[注意]:whose指物時(shí)，可用“名詞+ofwhich+從句"代替Thisistheroomthewindowofwhichisbroken.五、關(guān)系副詞的用法when指時(shí)間。①在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。先行詞主要為一些時(shí)間名詞(year,day等)。Hestillremembersthedaywhenhejoinedthearmy.②先行詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，則用that/which,不能用when。Heregrettedthedaysthat/whichhespentonplay.Heremembersthedayswhenhespentmuchmoneyonstories.③Itisthefirsttimethat...句型中，that是習(xí)慣用法，不能用when。ItisthefirsttimethatIhavebeentotheGreatWall2.where指地點(diǎn)。①指前面的地點(diǎn)，在從句中作狀語(yǔ)。IknowthefactorywhereIworkedtwentyyearsago.②指地點(diǎn),在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不能用where，須用that/which。Thisisthehousewherehehaslivedfor20years.Thisisthehousethathehaslivedinfor20years.[注意]:有時(shí)when,where相當(dāng)于“介詞at/in+which”Helefttheroomwhere/inwhichhelivedlastyear.why表原因;"thereasonwhy...that.”中，不能用because代替that。That'sthereasonwhy(forwhich)hedidn'tcometoschool.Thereasonwhyhedidn'tattendthemeetingisthathewasill.但reason在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)關(guān)系詞用that/which,可略。Idon'tbelievethereason(which/that)hegaveme.六、其它1.as在限制性定語(yǔ)從句中。①只有在先行詞前含有such.thesame.as...as.so..as等時(shí)，使用as:as可作賓語(yǔ)，主語(yǔ)。表語(yǔ)，若從句的謂語(yǔ)與主句謂語(yǔ)相同或?yàn)閎e動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可以將謂語(yǔ)省略。He'llgiveussuchthingsaswemayneed.TomlivesinthesamebuildingasI(livein).Hisansweristhesameasyours(is).②as與that的區(qū)別:as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句表示它的內(nèi)容與主句所講的內(nèi)容相似，即指同類事物;that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句表示的內(nèi)容與主句相同，即為同一事物ThisisthesamepenthatIlostyesterday.這正是我昨天丟的鋼筆。Thisisthesamepenas!lostyesterday.這正像我昨天丟的鋼筆m/bywhich或that用在theway后,在定語(yǔ)從句中作行為方式狀語(yǔ),?？陕訧don'tlikethewayyouspeaktoher.Iadmiredtheway(inwhich/that)youansweredhisquestions.Thisisnottheway(bywhich/that)wecamelasttime.七、非限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句:定語(yǔ)從句緊接先行詞，不用遠(yuǎn)號(hào)隔開。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句:對(duì)前面的先行詞作補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明。用這號(hào)與主句隔開。1.關(guān)系詞在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中的用法。關(guān)系代詞作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不能省略，指人作主語(yǔ)用who.作賓語(yǔ)用whom指地點(diǎn)用where、指時(shí)間用when,指物只用which(不能用that),作定語(yǔ)用whose。Hedidn'tseethefilm,whichwasveryinteresting.(不用that)2.關(guān)系代詞as和which的并同①兩者都用退號(hào)與主句隔開,引導(dǎo)一個(gè)屬于附加說(shuō)明性質(zhì)的定語(yǔ)從句，說(shuō)明整個(gè)主句某個(gè)短語(yǔ)(不一定修飾某個(gè)具體的先行詞)，可在從句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)用單數(shù)形式。TaiWanisapartofChina,which/asisknowntoall.HeisaFrenchman,which/asIknowfromhisaccentEveryoneshouldstudyhardforthepeople,which/ashasbeensaidbefore.②as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可以置于主句前或后，但which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句后Asanybodycansee,anelephantislikeasnake.③在下列習(xí)語(yǔ)中多用as。asanybodycansee/asisknowntoall眾所周知的ashasbeensaidbefore正如以前所說(shuō)的ashepointedout正如他所指出的④若定語(yǔ)從句的內(nèi)容對(duì)主句有貶義色彩或起消極作用時(shí)，則其后的從句多用whichThepartyisputoff,whichmakesusverydisappointed.Hedidnothingbutsitthere,whichshowedhislaziness.八、區(qū)分:I.oneofsb.who+謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)形式.theonlyoneofsb.who+謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式SheisoneofthestudentswhosingRussiansongsinourclass.TomistheonlyoneoftheboyswhoknowsSpanish.2.thatistosay或thatis表示“也就是說(shuō)，換句話說(shuō)”,在句中作插入語(yǔ)，不要誤認(rèn)為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。Theoldmanhasgoneforever,thatistosay.hehasdied.鞏固精練()1.Hepaidtheboy10dollarsforwashingtenwindows.mostofhadn'tbeencleanedforatleastayear.A.these B.those C.that D.which ()2.Sheheardaterriblenoise.broughtherheartintohermouth.A.it B.which C.this D.that ()3.Inthedarkstreet,therewasn'tasinglepersonshecouldturnforhelpA.that B.who C.fromwhom D.towhom )4.Theweathertunedouttobeverygood.wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.what B.which C.that D.it ()5.1don'tlike__youspeaktoher.A.theway B.thewayinthat C.thewaywhich D.thewayofwhich ()6.AfterlivinginParisforfiftyyearshereturnedtothesmalltown_hegrewupasachild.A.which B.where C.that D.when ()7.CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober.___personallyIdoubtverymuch.A.it B.that C.when D.which ()8.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay.___.,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.A.who B.which C.this D.what ()9.RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase._____wasveryreasonable.A.whichprice B.thepriceofwhich C.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose()10.Haveyouseenthefilm"Titanic".__leadingactorisworldfamous?A.its B.it's C.whose D.which ()11.He'sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation___heislikelytocontrolovertheplane.A.where B.which C.while D.why ()12.Johnsaidshe'dbeenworkingintheofficeforanhour.__._wastrue.A.he B.this C.which D.who ()13.Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome..___Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfarawayvillage.A.until B.that C.when D.where )14.__isknowntoeverybody,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.It B.As C.That D.What ()15.Isthisthereason_atthemeetingforcarelessnessinhiswork?A.heexplained B.whatheexplained C.howheexplained D.whyheexplained ()16.Thefamousbasketballstartriedtomakeacomeback,attractedalotofattention.A.where B.when C.which D.who ()17.Wearelivinginanage__manythingsaredoneoncomputerA.which B.that C.whose D.when ()18.NewYork._lastyear,isaniceoldcity.A.thatIvisited B.whichIvisited C.whereIvisited D.inwhichIvisited ()19.Icanthinkofmanycases_studentsobviouslyknewalotofEnglishwordsandexpressionsbutcouldn'twriteagoodessay.A.why B.which C.as D.where ()20.Afastfoodrestaurantistheplace.justasthenamesuggests,eatingisperformedquickly.A.which B.where C.there D.what ()21._isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthetwocountriesaremakingprogress.A.lt B.As C.That D.What ()22.Helenwasmuchkindertoheryoungestsonthantotheothers,._.ofcourse,madetheothersenvyhim.A.who B.that C.what D.which ()23.Anyway,thatevening__I'lltellyoumoreaboutlaterendedupstayingatRachel'splace.A.when B.where C.what D.which ()24.Iworkinabusinessalmosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.A.howB.whichC.whereD.that()25.Luckily.we'dbroughtaroadmapwithout.wewouldhavelostourway.A.it B.that C.this D.which ()26.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendas_someonetheycantalkfrequentlyA.who B.as C.aboutwhichD.withwhom ()27.GeorgeOrwell.wasEricArthur,wrotemanypoliticalnovelsandessays.A.therealnameB.whathisrealnameC.hisrealnameD.whoserealname()28.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbut___hesaidit.A.thewayB.inthewaythatC.inthewayD.thewaywhich()29.Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%__aresoldabroad.A.ofwhich B.whichof C.ofthem D.ofthat ()30._isoftenthecase,wehaveworkedouttheproductionplan.A.Which B.When C.What D.As ()31.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths.-thesailingtimewas226days. A.ofwhich B.duringwhich C.fromwhich D.forwhich ()32.Irememberedthelastplace___wevisitedwasamiddleschool.A.where B.that C.inwhich D.which ()33.Thisisthefirsttime__IhavecometoChina.A.when B.which C.atwhich D.that ()34.Shewillneverforgettheday_shejoinedtheparty.A.which B.when C.inwhich D.onthat ()35.Idon'tliketheway____youspeaktoher.that B.onwhich C.which D.as習(xí)題解析1.D此句考查非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。從句中少主語(yǔ)，故選which,用來(lái)指代前面的windows。2.Bwhich指代前面的噪音。