沃爾瑪培訓(xùn)機(jī)械安全machine safety

Istoprovideasafeandhealthyworkplacefortheiremployees;whichisfreefromrecognizedhazardslikelytocausedeathorphysicalharmIngeneral,Ingeneral,commonworkplaceinjuriesbymovingmachineryparts,Canemployersprotect/preventworkersfromworkplaceinjuries?企業(yè)是否MACHINESAFETY- IdentifyingMachinerySafetyHazards確定機(jī)械安全危險(xiǎn)源ControloreliminateMachineryHazards控制或排除機(jī)械危險(xiǎn)源SafetyPersonalProtectiveMACHINESAFETY-THE 4BestManagementMachineIncommonusage,themeaningisthatofadevicehavingpartsthatperformorassistinperforminganytypeofworkAnyfactorthatbringsaboutnegativechangeinahealthconditionorotherdefinedcharacteristics.任何會(huì)對(duì)健康狀況造成負(fù)面改變的因素。Anyeventthatresultsininjury,illhealth,disease,damageorlosswheretheworkplaceactivityisasignificantcontributingfactor.AnincidentmaybeanaccidentoraNearAnoccasionwhenanaccidentorinjuryalmosthappens,butdoes(SlightAccident)(Propertyloss

(LackofcontrolormanagementsystemControlsystemmeanssensors,manualinputandmodeselectionelements,interlockinganddecision-makingcircuitry,andoutputelementstotheoperatingmechanism.Primemoversmeanseveryengine,motor,orotherappliancewhichprovidesmechanicalenergyreceivedfromsteam,water,electricity,thecombustionoffuelorothersource.Transmissionmachinerymeanseveryshaft,wheeldrum,pulley,systemofpulleys,coupling,clutch,drivingbeltorotherdevicebywhichthemotionofaprimemoveristransmittedtoanymachineorGuardingbyfixedphysicalbarriersthataremountedon,oraround,amachinetopreventaccesstomovingparts.PointofOperationmeansthatpointatwhichthematerialispositionedinthemachineforcutting,shaping,boring,orforming.Ahazardareacreatedbytwoormoremechanicalcomponentsrotatinginoppositedirectionsinthesameplaneandincloseconjunction,proximity,orinteraction.ShearPointsAhazardareacreatedbyareciprocal(sliding)movementofamechanicalcomponentpastastationarypointonamachineMachineshavemovingparts.Theactionofmovingpartsmayhavesufficientforceinmotiontocauseinjurytopeople.CommonCommonmechanicalhazardsandassociatedrisksformachineryandequipmentareshownbelow以下是常見(jiàn)的機(jī)械傷害以及相關(guān)的機(jī)械設(shè)備:CausedbybetweenpartandCausedwhenRoboticarmsandmobilemachinerypartstruck(butnotpenetrated)bymovingRotatingshafts,andgears

Causedwhenbodypartbecomescaughton/inmachineparts.HardsurfacesSharpedge–movingor

partsmovetowardseachotherandbodypartiscaughtinpartpuncturedbymovingpartTheTheRootCauseOfMechanicalHazards:ThedangerousandhazardfactorsfromtheproductThedangerousandhazardfactorsfrommachine,equipment,facilityandEnvironmentFactors環(huán)境因素ThedangerousandhazardfactorsduetolackofmanagementandmanagementWhenreviewingmachineryandequipmentforpossiblemechanicalhazards,considerMachineryandequipment在尋找可能的機(jī)械危險(xiǎn)源的時(shí)候，請(qǐng)關(guān)注以下StablemachinethatcanbereachedbyWithmovingpartsthatcanbereachedbyThatcanejectobjects(parts,components,productsorwasteitems)thatmaystrikeapersonwithsufficientforcetocauseharm可以彈射出物件（部件，零件，產(chǎn)品或者廢料）而WithmovingpartsthatcanreachpeoplesuchasboomsormechanicalMobilemachineryandequipment,suchasforklifts,palletjacks,earthmovingequipment,operatedinareaswherepeoplemaygainaccess.UnderstandingcommonhazardsbytypeofworkplacePeopleoperatingmachinesandequipmentcould操作機(jī)器設(shè)備的人員Berequiredtoplacetheirhandsclosetothemechanismofthemachineryorequipmentthatdoesthework,andmaybeinjuredifcaughtortrappedbymovingparts被要求將雙手放在靠近機(jī)器設(shè)備的工作點(diǎn)，可能受到移動(dòng)部件的傷害Beexposedtoconstantharmfulnoise,radiatedenergyorfumesbeingemittedfrommachineryandequipmenttheyareoperatingorarecloseto暴露于持續(xù)的有害Inadvertentlybumporknockpoorlyplacedcontrolleversorbuttons不小心地觸碰Berequiredtomakeadjustmentstothemechanismofmachineryandequipmentwhilethemachineisinmotion被要求在運(yùn)作的機(jī)械設(shè)備上進(jìn)行調(diào)試BerequiredtoclearawayscrapPeoplewhoinstallordismantlemachinesandequipmentWorkinisolationWorkonmachinesandequipmentatheightorovermachineryorequipmenttoconnectservices(suchaselectricityairorwater)在機(jī)械頂部或者在高處的機(jī)械設(shè)備WorkinlowlightorwithbrightdirectionallightAccessmachineryandequipmentfromthetop,sidesorWorkwith/nearcranes,forkliftorriggingtoliftmachineryandWorkinconfinedspacesUsepowertools,welders,extensionleads,whichpresentelectricalhazardsifdamagedorwet如果設(shè)備損壞或者潮濕使用電動(dòng)工具,電焊,延長(zhǎng)導(dǎo)線可能帶來(lái)電氣危險(xiǎn)Peopleprovidingmaintenanceorrepairservicescould維護(hù)維修設(shè)備的人員AccessmachinesandequipmentfromtherearsidesNeedtoenterconfinedspacesoflargermachineryandBetrappedbymechanismofthemachineryandequipmentthroughpoorisolationofenergysourcesorstoredenergy,suchasspringloadedorcounterbalancemechanisms,compressedairorfluidsorpartsheldinpositionbyhydraulicsorpneumatic(air)ramsDisableorremovenormalsafetysystemstoaccessmachinesandequipmentAccessmachinesandequipmentfromtherearofsidesorinunexpectedways從ClimbonmachinesandequipmentEnterconfinedspacesoflargermachinesandWorkwithchemicalsOperateelectricalequipmentinwetareasFactoryshouldhavemachinesafetycommittee,constitutedofmanagement,workerrepresentativesandmaintenanceteamtoaddressconcernsrelatedtomachinesafety.Newpurchaseofmachinery/modificationsorchangesmustbesubjecttoaChangeControlProcedureandriskassessment.Measuresshouldbeinplacetobringthemachinetoa‘zeroenergystate’beforeaccesstothedangerzone.Machineoperatingproceduresdisplayedandorientedtomachineoperatorsandmaintenanceteams.AllWal-MartfacilitiesandsuppliersMUST所有沃爾瑪?shù)墓┴浬瘫仨欳onductriskassessmentswithrespecttomachineandequipmentMechanicalHazardsNonMechanicalHazardsAccessHazardsUnderstandcommonhazardsbytypeofworkplaceFactoryshouldhavemachinesafetycommittee,constitutedofmanagement,workerrepresentativesandmaintenanceteamtoaddressconcernsrelatedtomachinesafety.Engineering

Inordertominimizeorisolatethereachofworkertohazardarea;barrierssuchasmachineguardsorsafeguarddevicesisputinplace. ThefirststeptoimprovemachinesafetyistoeliminateorThefirststeptoimprovemachinesafetyistoeliminateorPersonalProtectiveEquipment

Information&policies&procedures書(shū)Safeworkpractices安&MedicalMACHINESAFETY- TheProcesstocontrolthemechanical(Control(Control(EliminatetheBestManagementAbarrierthatpreventsexposuretoanidentifiedSafeguardingdevice安全防護(hù)裝置AdevicethatdetectsorpreventsinadvertentaccesstoaAbarrier,signalorsignthatwarnsindividualsofanapproachingorpresentSafeguardingmethod安全防護(hù)措施Safeguardingimplementedtoprotectindividualsfromhazardsbythephysicalarrangementofdistance,holding,openings,orpositioningofthemachineormachineproductionsystemtoensurethattheoperatorcannotreachthehazard.Introduction介紹-Controlofmachineryhazards控制機(jī)械危險(xiǎn)源Separationisasimpleandeffectivemachineryandequipmentriskcontrol.Separationmaybeachievedbydistance,barrierorDistanceseparationmeansapersoncannotreachthehazardduetoBarrierseparationmeansaneffectivebarrierorguarddeniesaccessandcontrolsejectionofparts,producesorwaste.Timeseparationmeansatthetimeofaccess,themachineryorequipmentisPhysicalbarriersandguardssuchasfences,screensorfixedpanelsofvariousSafeguardingisessentialforprotectingemployeesfromneedlessandpreventableinjuryAgoodruletorememberis安全防護(hù)對(duì)于保護(hù)員工免受可Anymachinepart,function,orprocessthatmaycauseinjurymustbeIntermsofcontrollingamputationhazards,employeesareprotectedfromhazardousmachineworkactivitieseitherbyeffectivemachinesafeguardingorLockOut/TagOutwheresafeguardsarerenderedineffectiveordonotprotectemployeesfromhazardousenergyduringservicingandCONTROLOFMACHINEHAZARDSBYUSEOFMACHINECONTROLOFMACHINEHAZARDSBYUSEOFSAFEGUARDCONTROLOFMACHINEHAZARDSBYCONTROLLINGHAZARDOUSENERGY[LOTO]CONTROLOFMACHINEHAZARDSBYTRAININGCONTROLOFMACHINEHAZARDSBYUSEOFAGuardcanperformseveralfunctions:itcandenybodilyaccess,containejectedparts,toolsoff-cutsorswath,preventemissionsescapingorformpartofasafeworkingplatform.GuardingiscommonlyusedwithmachineryandequipmenttopreventaccessRotatingshaftsMovingpartsthatdonotrequireregularadjustmentMachinetransmissionssuchapulleyandbeltdriveschaindrivesexposeddriveAnydangerousmovingpartsmachinesorequipment.以BarrierthatallowsforstockfeedingbutdoesnotpermitCanbeconstructedtosuitmanyWhereaccessisnotanticipated,afixedguardcanbepermanentlyoperatortoappliedbybindingthedangerweldingorsecuredenclosesthepointone-wayscrews.operationor域BarrierthatadjustsforavarietyofCanbeconstructedtosuitmanyIncorporatesmovablesectionsorpanelsoftheguardandallowsmaterialorpartstobeintotheguardedareaCanbeadjustedpreventingbodilyBarrierthatmovesaccordingtothesizeofthestockenteringpointofOfftheselfguardsareoftenApplicationonbandsaw,circularsaw,radialarmsaw,tablesawetc..安裝于ShutsoffordisengagespowerandpreventsmachinefromstartingupwhenAllowsaccessforsomeminorservicingwork,inaccordancewiththelock-out/tagoccurswhentheactofmovingtheguard(opening,slidingorremoving)toallowaccessstopstheactionoftheguardisopen.timeremovalofFIXED

Interlockguardingworksby聯(lián)鎖防護(hù)起Mechanicallydisconnectingthedrivemechanism(appliesabrakeordisengagesaclutchorgearedIsolatingthepowersourceofthedrivemechanism(stopsthemotor)斷開(kāi)驅(qū)動(dòng)系A(chǔ)combinationofmechanicalandpowerdisconnection.組合以上兩種方式Interlockguardingisgenerallyachievedviamechanicalorelectricalmeans,butmayalsoincludehydraulicorpneumaticcontrol CONTROLOFMACHINEHAZARDSBYUSEOFSafeguardingdevicesarecontrolsorattachmentsthat,whenproperlydesigned,appliedandusedusuallypreventinadvertentaccessbyemployeestohazardousmachineareasby安全防護(hù)裝置是一種控制器或者附件，通過(guò)合理設(shè)計(jì)安裝和使用，Preventinghazardousmachinecomponentoperationifyourhandorbodypartisinadvertentlyplacedinadangerarea如果手部或者身體意外地處于危險(xiǎn)區(qū)域，自動(dòng)阻RestrainingorwithdrawingyourhandsfromthedangerareaduringRequiringtheuseofbothofyourhandsonmachinecontrols(ortheuseofonehandifthecontrolismountedatasafedistancefromthedangerarea)thataremountedatapredeterminedsafetydistance需要使用雙手同時(shí)控制機(jī)器或者在控制器安裝在一個(gè)預(yù)設(shè)的安全距離的情況下，單手控制機(jī)器;orProvidingabarrierwhichissynchronizedwiththeoperatingcycleinordertoprevententrytothedangerareaduringthehazardouspartofthecycle采用一個(gè)和機(jī)METHODOFAllowsthehandstoenterthepointofoperationforfeedingandProvidesprotectionevenintheeventofmechanicalrepeat.themachineautomaticallypointofoperationduringWristsareconnectedbycordsSimple,fewmovingparts;securedtoafixedanchorpointreachingthepointofoperationOperatorcannotreachtheanyLittleriskofmechanicalprovidesprotectioneveninthe點(diǎn)EFFECTIVEEFFECTIVEsystemtostopoperationwhenthesensingfield(photoelectric,radiofrequency,orelectro-magnetic)isAdjuststofitdifferentstockAllowsaccesstoloadandunloadthemachine.允許進(jìn)行送料和取料Allowsaccesstotheguardedareaformaintenanceandset-upactivities.Operator’shandsareatauseofbothhands,themfromenteringdangersafetyOperator’shandsarefreetopickuppartsaftercompletionoffirstpartofApplicabletomechanicalpowerApplicabletomechanicalpowerdangerareaandoperatoruntilcompletionofmachinecycle.Preventsoperatorfromreachingintodangerareaduringmachinecycle.

EFFECTIVEPROCESSCONTROLOFMACHINEHAZARDSBYHAZARDOUSENERGY[LOTO]通過(guò)控制危險(xiǎn)能量源來(lái)控制機(jī)器危險(xiǎn)Theenergystoredinmovingparts(momentum)cancausethemechanismofthemachineorequipmenttorunonforsometimeafterthesourceofdrivingenergyhasbeenremoved.Alsoaccidentalstart-upormovementofamachinemechanismcanoccurifcontrolleversorbuttonsarebumpedorifashortcircuitofthecontrolsystemwhenhydraulicorairpressureiswhenundoingorretainingLockout-tagout(LOTO)orlockandtagSafetyprocedurewhichisusedinindustrytoensurethatdangerousmachinesareproperlyshutoffandnotstartedupagainpriortothecompletionofmaintenanceorservicingwork.Itrequiresthathazardousenergysourcestobe"isolatedandrenderedinoperative"beforeanyrepairprocedureisstarted.ProcedurerequiresthatatagbeaffixedtothelockedindicatingthatitshouldnotbeturnedThefollowingoverviewofthelockout–tagoutShutdownthemachineryandIdentifyallenergysourcesandotherIdentifyallisolationpoints識(shí)別Isolateallenergysources切斷Lockoutallisolationpoints鎖閉Tagmachinerycontrols,energysourcesandotherhazards上牌標(biāo)識(shí)Testby‘tryingtoreactivatetheplantwithoutexposingthetesterorotherstorisk(failuretoreactivateensuresthatisolationproceduresareeffectiveandallstoredenergieshavebeendissipated).核實(shí)能源隔離CONTROLOFMACHINEHAZARDSBYTRAININGAdequateinstructioninthesafeuseandcareofmachinesandsupervisedon-the-jobtrainingareessentialinpreventingamputationinjuries.Onlytrainedemployeesshouldoperatemachinery.Allhazardsintheworkarea,includingmachine-specificMachineoperatingprocedures,lockout/tagoutproceduresandsafeworkpractices;機(jī)器操作流程，鎖定標(biāo)識(shí)程序以及安全工作指引ThepurposeandproperuseofmachinesafeAllproceduresforrespondingtosafeguardingproblemssuchasimmediatelyreportingunsafeconditionssuchasmissingordamagedguardsandviolationsofsafeoperatingpracticestosupervisors.Effectivemachineryandequipmentriskcontrolsreflectthefollowingcharacteristics:有效的機(jī)械設(shè)備風(fēng)險(xiǎn)控制具備以下特點(diǎn)：ThehazardiscontrolledatitsContactoraccesstothehazardisSturdyconstruction(correctmaterialswithfewpointsofpotential結(jié)構(gòu)堅(jiān)固（使用正確的材料把可能故障降到最低Fail-safe(failureofthecontrolsystemtobeeffectivewillresultinmachineryshut–down)失靈安全（一旦控制系統(tǒng)出現(xiàn)故障，機(jī)械設(shè)備會(huì)自動(dòng)停機(jī)Tamper-proofdesign(asdifficultaspossibleto防干擾設(shè)計(jì)（使機(jī)械設(shè)備無(wú)法跳過(guò)控制系統(tǒng)運(yùn)行PresentsminimumimpedimenttomachineryandequipmentEasytoinspectandDoesnotintroducefurtherhazardsthroughactionofriskAsanemployer,youneedtoconsiderhousekeepingpractices,employeeapparelandemployeeImplementgoodhousekeepingpracticestopromotesafeworkingconditionsaroundmachinerybydoingthefollowing:Removeslip,tripandfallhazardsfromthesurroundingmachines清楚機(jī)器周圍可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致發(fā)生RemovewastestockasgeneratedMaketheworkarealargeenoughformachineoperationandmaintenance;Placemachinesawayfromhightrafficareastoreduceemployeedistraction.不要把機(jī)器布置在Employeesshouldnotwearloosefittingclothing,jewelry,orotheritemsthatcouldbecomeentangledinmachineryandlonghairshouldbewornunderacaporotherwisecontainedtoprevententanglementinmovingmachinery.CleaningLubricationTighteningandInspection(CLTI)CheckDefinesthefrequencyofMachine/EquipmentGuideshowtoclean,Lubricant,inspectandTightentheThroughthischecksheetwecansetthetimedurationforthecleaningofeachandeverypartinstalledinthemachinery.ThissheetalsoguideshowtoinspectthemachinebeforeandaftertheWecansetthestandardofcleaningofanyequipmente.g.(Brush,VacuumCleaner,Bloweretc.)可以設(shè)置清潔部件的不同標(biāo)準(zhǔn)（刷子，吸塵器，吹風(fēng)機(jī)等Quantityofeachpartisalsomentionedinthissheetwhichhelpsmemorizetheno.ofpartstoberequiretoreassemble/Fixintothemachineaftermaintenance.CleaningLubricationTighteningandInspection(CLTI)清 潤(rùn) 檢AUTONOMOUSMAINTENANCESTANDARD(Cleaning,Lubricating,Inspection&Tightening)

Bosch

Tag

LinearFeederFeedBucketsUpperShedLowerShed

Total14DoubleClipTotal14Total4DoubleClipDoubleClipClampingTotal4Bolts&BeltOpeningTotal28Bolts,1

NoDust,NoDirtNoDust,NoDirtNoDust,NoDirtNoDust,NoDirtNoDust,NoDirtNoDust,NoNoDust,No

NN

*EnclosureandMainCompleteStructureNoDust,NoDirtDozerAssembly

N

N

Total2

NoDust,No

N Brush,N

Total2Total2Bolts

NoDust,NoNoDust,NoDirtNoDust,No

Brush,NNBrush,

Clean *******2*2**5*2**

Jaws

4lubricationplacesNoDust,No4lubricationplacesNoDust,No

N

Clean&NBrush,NoDust,NoN2*MachineSpillTray4wheelsattachmentNoDust,No N *KeefCleaning

2Clips

NoDust,NoDirtNoDust,No

N N

Cover,2Boltsand2NoDust,NoDirtCipsOpening2lubricationplacesNoDust,No

NN

Clean&

5Suction NoDust,No N Brush,MetallicrodDismantleReel25MovingRollers&NoDust,NoDirtReel

N VacuumPumpFilterClipOpeningFilterNoDust,No N *2***5* 2Clips NoDust,No N *2***5*Exit

Belt

Belt2Rollers,

NoDust,NoNoDust,NoDirtNoDust,No

NININ

Brush,

CleanConveyerSpillTrays3Spill NoDust,No

NI

BinwithCoverNoDust,NoDirtNoDust,No

NmNm

Allproductionequipmentandmachinery(Rotatingparts,dangerouscuttingareas)atfactoriesshallberoutinelymaintained,equippedwithguardsorotherprotectivedevicesandsafelyoperated.Factoryshouldmaintainmaintenancerecords(SafeMachineoperation,LockOutTagOut(LOTO)Systems,CleaningLubricationTighteningandInspection(CLTI)checklist,MachineMaintenancerecord,RootCauseAnalysis(RCA)offrequentincident/accidents.)ofallmachinery.工廠應(yīng)保留所有機(jī)械設(shè)備的維護(hù)保養(yǎng)記錄 equipments(Forklifts,cranes,derricksorothermaterialhandlingequipment)shouldbeinspectedbeforeuse.使用適當(dāng)?shù)奈锪习徇\(yùn)方式以預(yù)防意外傷害。相關(guān)設(shè)備（叉車，起重機(jī)等）Allemployeesshouldbetrainedrelatedtomachineoperatingprocedures,lockout/tagoutprocedures,safeworkpracticesandreportingofunsafemachineconditions/violations.SAFETYSAFETYBestManagementWhatissafetyItisanattempttochangehowthingsaredoneinordertoimproveWithintheworkplaceitcouldbeanynewprogram,practice,orinitiativeintendedtoimprovesafety(e.g.,engineeringintervention,trainingprogram,administrativeprocedure).MACHINESAFETYORGANIZATIONALSTRUCTURE(EG.SAFETYCOMMITTEES,INSPECTIONSSCHEDULES,PERFORMANCEINCENTIVES….) IdentifyproblemanddecidetoimplementDefinepurpose,timeline,budgetforevaluation設(shè)定評(píng)估目標(biāo)，時(shí)間表及Identifyrecruittechnicalexpertise.Formulateevaluationplananddevelopevaluation Initiate/develop/refinemachinebreakdownmeasurementSelectanalyticalmethodtoframeworkrateofmachinefailureandaccidentcausedPre-interventionstage:Needsassessmentandevaluation AnalyzereportanddisseminateQuantitativeandqualitativedataanalysisforrootcauseofaccidents,injuries.DrawconclusiontoimplementsystemforlongtermReportandpublishsafetyselectionshort-termevaluation短期評(píng)估指標(biāo)selectionshort-termevaluation短期評(píng)估指標(biāo)AttitudesBehaviorsOtherproductionInterventioncomponent-specificperceivedqualityandeffectivenessselectionLongertermevaluation長(zhǎng)期評(píng)估指標(biāo)Alwayshaveformalwrittensafetypolicyandprocedure.有正式/HaveSafetycommitteestructure,inspectionschedules,hazardassessmentprocedures,safetyperformanceincen