中考英語閱讀技巧之七快速瀏覽文章+精確抓準題眼

模塊7快速瀏覽文章精確抓準題眼技巧點撥

所謂“題眼”有兩個意思：首先指題目的題眼，也就是一道題中關(guān)鍵的詞句（條件），只有抓住了題目中關(guān)鍵的詞句（條件），才能正確的理解題目的含義，從而找出解題的思路和方法。另外，題眼也可指文章的題眼，即文章中可能出題的地方。本模塊主要針對后者進行講解與訓練。閱讀理解文章的題眼一般出現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面：長難句、帶有從句的句子(特別是定語從句、讓步狀語從句和比較狀語從句)、雙重否定、部分否定、各類比較句(如morethan,lessthan,ratherthan,otherthan,notso...as...等等)、表示因果、條件關(guān)系的句子、表示"似乎、好像、可能"的詞、一些重要的信號詞(如:but,however,nevertheless,though等等)、列舉的幾個事實、固定搭配(主要是動詞詞組、形容詞詞組以及這些詞的詞類變化后的搭配)等。快速瀏覽文章，精確抓準題眼，可以高效答題與解題。其操作過程如下：最左面框中內(nèi)容為：“題眼閱讀”流程瀏覽文章瀏覽文章，了解文意閱讀文章的標題、副標題、小標題、圖片，了解文章的大致內(nèi)容和結(jié)構(gòu)，這會非常有助于正確答題。敏察題眼，準備答題閱讀文章時,對可能出題的詞匯、句子和結(jié)構(gòu)要敏感,通過感覺和觀察,發(fā)現(xiàn)題眼,加深印象,提高關(guān)注程度與理解深度。一定要標記出可能出題的題眼，以便答題時查閱。閱讀題目，記住關(guān)鍵詞題目中的動詞、介詞短語、數(shù)量短語、專有名詞、大寫字母縮寫、斜體字、帶引號的詞、相對比較少見的名詞等都是關(guān)鍵詞，可以有效地起定位作用。第4框內(nèi)容為：題眼對照，快速答題最后一欄為：根據(jù)題目的題眼，找到文中與之呼應的題眼，快速直接或間接確定答案。講透一題【典例1】(2011江蘇連云港) Apassengertoldanairhostessthatheneededacupofwatertotakehismedicinewhentheplanejusttookoff.Shetoldhimthatshewouldbringhimthewaterintenminutes. Theairhostesswaskeptsobusythatsheforgottogivehimthewater.Asaresult,thepassengerwasheldup(延誤)totakehismedicine.Thirtyminuteslater,whenthepassenger’sringforservicesounded,shehurriedovertohimwithacupofwater,butherefused. Inthefollowinghoursontheplane,eachtimetheairhostesspassedbythepassenger,shewouldaskhimwithasmilewhetherheneededhelpornot.Butthepassengerneveransweredaword. Whenhewasgoingtogetofftheplane,thepassengeraskedtheairhostesstohandhimthepassengers’booklet.Shewasverysad.Sheknewthathewouldwritedownsharpwords,butwithasmileshehandedittohim. Offtheplane,sheopenedthebooklet,andsmiled,forthepassengerputit.“Ontheflight,youaskedmewhetherIneededhelpornotfortwelvetimesinall.HowcanIrefuseyourtwelvesinceresmiles?” That’sright!Whocanrefusetwelvesinceresmilesfromaperson? 31.Tenminuteslater,thepassengerdidn’tgetthewater,because_________.A.theplanedidn’ttakeoff B.theairhostesswaskeptbusyandforgotit C.it’snotallowedtotakemedicineduringtheflight D.therewasn’tenoughwaterontheplane 32.Theunderlinedword“it”inParagraph4referstothe_________. A.medicineB.waterC.cupD.booklet 33.Attheendofthestory,weknowthepassengerwas_______withtheairhostess.A.satisfiedB.unhappyC.angryD.bored最左框內(nèi)容為：“題眼閱讀”制勝千里標較深的印象.讀完文章,開始做題時,會在預先標記的題眼中查找題區(qū),可方便、快捷、準確地確定題區(qū),做出正確答案.標較深的印象.讀完文章,開始做題時,會在預先標記的題眼中查找題區(qū),可方便、快捷、準確地確定題區(qū),做出正確答案.瀏覽文章，了解文意這篇記敘文按時間順序為線索，記述了一位空姐用12次真誠的微笑感動一位乘客的故事。前幾段為敘事，最后一段為“點睛”段落。敏察題眼，準備答題以“時間順序”為線索的文章中，不同的時間都是其題眼；本文出現(xiàn)從句的句子也為題眼；“but”這個信號詞兩次出現(xiàn)，也是本文的題眼。閱讀題目，記住關(guān)鍵詞31題：Tenminuteslater、didn’tget、water、because32題：underlinedword“it”inParagraph433題：Attheendofthestory,passenger，with，hostess第4框內(nèi)容為：題眼對照，快速答題最后一欄為：根據(jù)31題的題眼“Tenminuteslater”，找到文中第二段第一句，便可快速鎖定答案B。根據(jù)32題的題眼找到第四段劃線詞“it”，然后向前找它所代替的名詞，就可以找到“booklet”這個答案。根據(jù)33題的題眼知道要判斷乘客最后對空姐的感受，由倒數(shù)第二段最后一句可知，乘客被感動了，對空姐的真誠服務很滿意。【答案解析】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講述了一位空姐與一個乘客之間的故事。因工作太忙那位空姐忘記了給乘客倒水，而她后面給他倒水卻被他拒絕。在接下來的幾個小時里，空姐每次經(jīng)過那位乘客都微笑問他是否需要幫助。最后她用十二次真誠的微笑終于感動了那位乘客。31.B細節(jié)理解題。由第二段第一句“Theairhostesswaskeptsobusythatsheforgottogivehimthewater.”可知，由于太忙，空姐忘記了給他倒水。故選B。32.D詞義猜測題。由第四段第一句“…thepassengeraskedtheairhostesstohandhimthepassengers’booklet.”可知，乘客請空姐把乘客留意冊遞給他。33.A推理判斷題。從第五段最后一句“HowcanIrefuseyourtwelvesinceresmiles?””可知，乘客說，他無法拒絕空姐的十二次真誠的微笑。這表明，乘客最后對空姐感到很滿意。故選A?！拘⌒「[門】1.題干中的關(guān)鍵1.題干中的關(guān)鍵詞基本上都位于句子的重心位置，多為謂語部分。常見考點詞的類型有：反義詞(多為形容詞和副詞)，數(shù)字數(shù)量詞，絕對詞，比較詞等。2.正確的讀題方法是讀2-3道題目一起讀，這樣既不至于遺忘，又能保證正確?？忌梢詮囊坏老鄬Ρ容^容易解答的題目著手，再根據(jù)順序原則找到相鄰的題目。極速體驗【典例2】（2011廣西百色）News1YuanLongping,thefatherofhybridrice,wontheWorldFoodPrizeonMonday.Yuandevelopedtheworld’sfirstpopularandwidelyknownhybridrice.Hybridriceplantscanmakemorericethanregularones.News2Haveyouevergotangryatbooksthatarefullofmistakes?Don’tworry,thingswillgetbettersoon.Lastweek,Chinastartedcheckingtextbooks,dictionariesandchildren’sbooksalloverthecountry.ThegovernmentsaidtheresultsofthecheckwouldcomeoutattheendofJune.News3Peoplewillseeanew“star”intheskysoon.ChinaplanstosendasatelliteintospacebyDecember2006.Itwillstayinspaceforoneyear.Itwillgoaroundthemoonandtakepictures.Itmustbeveryexpensive,right?That’sforsure;1.4billionyuan!News4Haveyoueverthoughtofbeingabletoflyaroundtheworldinafewhours?Oneday,maybeyoucan.LastSaturday,theAmericanX-43Aairplanemadeitsfirstflight.Itreachedaspeedof8,000kilometersperhour.Thismakesitthefastestplaneintheworld.X-43Aisonlythreetofourmeterslong,butit’sveryheavy.Itweighs1,270kilograms.51.ThesatellitesentbyChinawillmovearound________.A.themoonB.theearthC.thesunD.themars52.Thespeedofthefastestplaneintheworldis______.A.1.4kilometerspersecondB.43kilometersperminuteC.1,270kilometersperhourD.8,000kilometersperhour53.Thecheckingoftextbooks,dictionariesandchildren’sbookswill__________.A.makealotofmoneyB.makethechildrensadC.makesuretherearenomistakesinthemD.makesurethebooksarenottooexpensive54.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthenewstarisNOTtrue?A.Itwillgoaroundthemoon.B.Itwillstayinspacefortwoyears.C.Itcostsalot.D.ItwillgointospacebyDecember2006.55.YuanLongpingwontheWorldFoodPrizebecause___________.A.helikestoeathybridriceB.heisasuccessfulfatherC.hegrowsmorericethanothersD.hedevelopedtheworld’sfirstpopularandwidelygrownhybridrice最左框內(nèi)容為：“題眼閱讀”制勝千里“題眼閱讀”制勝千里“題眼閱讀”制勝千里速讀文章，了解結(jié)構(gòu)本文涉及四篇平行的新聞報道：袁隆平獲獎、中國書刊整頓活動、中國發(fā)射繞月衛(wèi)星、世界最快飛機。敏察題眼，準備答題News1：YuanLongping，wontheWorldFoodPrizeNews2：Chinastartedcheckingtextbooks,dictionariesandchildren’sbooksNews3：China，send，satelliteintospaceNews4：AmericanX-43Aairplane，fastestplaneintheworld閱讀題目，記住關(guān)鍵詞51題：satellite，byChina，movearound52題：speed，fastestplaneintheworld53題：checkingoftextbooks,dictionariesandchildren’sbooks54題：about，newstar，NOTtrue55題：YuanLongpingwon，Prizebecause第4框內(nèi)容為：題眼對照，快速答題最后一欄為：根據(jù)51題的題眼，找到文中第三則新聞第四句，便可快速鎖定答案A。根據(jù)52題的題眼找到第四則新聞，由第四句可知答案為D。根據(jù)53題的題眼可知答案在第二則新聞中。根據(jù)54題的題眼可知要到第三則新聞中找答案。根據(jù)55題的題眼可知本題涉及第一則新聞的內(nèi)容。【答案解析】本文涉及四篇新聞報道：新聞1介紹了雜交水稻之父袁隆平獲得世界食物獎；新聞2報道了中國將對全國的課本、字典、兒童用書進行檢查；新聞3介紹了中國將向太空發(fā)射一顆衛(wèi)星；新聞4報道了世界上最快的飛機的速度、大小和重量。51.A細節(jié)理解題。由第三則新聞第四句“Itwillgoaroundthemoonandtakepictures.”可知，這顆人造衛(wèi)星將繞月飛行，故選擇A項。52.D細節(jié)理解題。由第四則新聞第四、五句“Itreachedaspeedof8000kilometersonehour.Thismakesitthefastestplaneintheworld”可知，世界上最快的飛機達到了每小時8000公里的速度。故選D。53.C推理判斷題。由第二則新聞第一、二句“Haveyouevergotangryatbooksthatarefullofmistakes?Don’tworry,thingswillgetbettersoon.”可知，通過檢查整頓，書籍中錯誤百出的現(xiàn)象將會有所改觀，也就是會保證書中沒有錯誤，故C為正確答案。54.B細節(jié)理解題。由第三則新聞第三句“Itwillstayinspaceforoneyear.”可知，這顆衛(wèi)星將在太空待一年。故選B。55.D細節(jié)理解題。由第一則新聞的第一、二句可知，袁隆平因為培養(yǎng)出了世界上最受歡迎的、最廣為種植的雜交水稻而獲得世界食物獎。舉一反三Passage1題材體裁難度字數(shù)題數(shù)閱讀時間正確率患腫瘤的女孩記敘文★★★19725分鐘http://blog.braintumour.ca/stories/kelseys-story/Kelseywasdiagnosed(診斷)inSeptember2010withabraintumour(腦瘤)whenshewas11yearsold.Tillnow,shehashadoperationsonherbrainfor3timesandisjustabouttofinish6monthsofchemotherapy(化療).Sheisveryluckyasalltreatments(治療)havesofarbeensuccessful.ThesurgeryinOctober2010causedherleftsidetobecomeparalyzed(癱瘓).However,sheisgettingbetterandcanfeelonherleftside.InJune2010Kelseytookpartinawalk-a-thon(步行馬拉松)atherschooltoraisemoneyfortheRonaldMcDonaldHouse.Kelseyraisedthemostmoneyatherschool.Thissummer,theRonaldMcDonaldHouseheldawalk-a-thonandKelseytookpartinitagain,evenwhilesufferingthroughchemotherapy.ItmadeussoproudthatKelseycontinuedtothinkofotherchildrenandtheirfamiliesevenwhilesheisn’tfeelingverywell.Sofar,Kelseyhasraised＄10,000fortheRonaldMcDonaldHouseandwehopethatshewillraisemoreinthefuturewalk-a-thon.閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。1.Kelseywasdiagnosedwithabraintumour_______.A.attheageof10B.inSeptember2010C.inJune2010D.inOctober20102.HowmanytimeshasKelseytakenpartinawalk-a-thon?A.Once.B.Twice.C.Never.D.Threetimes.Passage2題材體裁難度字數(shù)題數(shù)閱讀時間正確率家庭野餐記敘文★★★22526分鐘/items/1231027-short-stories-a-picnic-at-the-lake“KingandQueenforaDay.”Thisistherewardgiventotheheadsofthetableeachyear,atourfamilyhomecoming(回家)picnicatthelake.Iremembermyfamilygettingtogetheronceayear.Itbeganwithtwoandtheyhadthirteenchildren.MymotherwasthirdoftheirthirteenchildrenandIwasherthirdchildoftheten.Whenwegottogether,weneededaverylargeplace.Thetwohundredandtwentyacre(英畝)lakeparkwasthewonderfulplaceforuseachyear.Everyfamilybroughtenoughfortheirfamilyandoneotherperson.Thismadesurenoonewasleftoutorwentawayhungry.Wepiledthetableswithfoodandtea.Sometimesifoneofthefamilywasinneedorsomeonewasoutofajob,hewouldtakehomemorethanenoughfoodforthefamilytoeatonforaweek.Nowmydaughterisenjoyingherselfatthepicnicwithherfamilybythelake.Membersofthesametwopeoplelovedandraisedafamily.Theytaughtchildrenwhatlovewas.Theypassedonourtradition—tohaveapicnicbythelakeeveryyear.Somefamilymovedawaybutmanystillreturntojoininthepicnic.Loveisalwaysatourheart!閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。3.Howoftendoesthewriter’sfamilygettogether?A.Onceayear.B.OnceamonthC.Onceaweek.D.Onceaday.4.Whatdoesthewritermainlywanttotellus?A.Shehasabigfamily.B.Theparkisagoodplacetohaveapicnic.C.Thefamilymembersloveeachother.D.Herfamilywaspoorwhenshewasyoung.Passage3題材體裁難度字數(shù)題數(shù)閱讀時間正確率低碳生活說明文★★★★21626分鐘/blog/2009/10/pick-5-save-electricity/

ProfessorJonathanWongoftheDepartmentofBiologyactivelytakespartinlow-carbonlivingprojects.Here,hetellsusabouthowwecouldleadalow-carbonlife（低碳生活）bypayingattentiontohowwedress,eatandlive.◆Wear"out"

IprefersimpleclothingandbuynewclothesonlywhenIreallyneedthem.Idon’tmindusingthesameclothesformorethan10years.Myfamilymembersneverthrowtheirclothesinthetrash,instead,wedonatethem.Iftheclothesarereallywornout,wecutthemintopiecesandusethemascleaningrags（抹布）forthefloor.◆Simpleeatinghabits

Myfamilyeatsmorevegetablesandlessmeat.Ioftentellmychildrennottoeatjunkfood.Ourcookingstyleismainlysteamingorboiling（蒸或煮）asthisishealthierandsavesenergy.◆Liveonlessenergy

Ialsopayattentiontotheuseofelectricity.Myfamilymembersarealreadyinthehabitofturningofflightswhenleavingaroom.Whenwetakeabath,wewillsetthewatertemperaturetoaround40℃.Allthesethingsaregoodforsavingenergy.

WehopethateveryonecanreallyplayapartinsavingtheEarth.閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。5.Thepassageismainlyabout_______.

A.howtosaveelectricityB.achild’slow-carbonlifeC.howtoleadalow-carbonlifeD.theimportanceofeatingvegetables6.Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A.Weshouldn’tbuyanynewclothes.B.Weshoulddressinalow-carbonlife.C.Weshouldwearourclothesfortenyears.D.Weshouldwearourclothesoutinalow-carbonlife.

Passage4題材體裁難度字數(shù)題數(shù)閱讀時間正確率節(jié)日賀卡說明文★★★26057分鐘/wiki/Christmas_card/recyclechristmascardsreusegreetingcards.html

Peopleseldomwritelettersthesedays,right?Buttheystillsendholidaycards.

Eachyearfamiliesdecoratetheirlivingroomswiththecards.Thefamilyphotos,tinypaperChristmastreesand“Season’sGreetings”fillmailboxesthroughoutDecember.

Butwiththeeconomiccrisis(危機),fewerpeoplecanaffordtobuycards.It’ssaidthatAmericanpeoplewillsendabout1.5billion(十億)Christmascardsthisyear.In2009,thatnumberwas1.9billion.

Today’syoungergenerationkeepsintouchwithfriendsandrelativesthroughFacebookandTwitter.Itwouldseemthattheywouldprefercheaperandfastere-cardstotraditionalcards.Infact,theydon’t.ResearchgroupMintelfoundthate-cardsmakeuplessthan1percentofthegreetingcardmarket.Thehand-writtenholidaycardisstillgoingstrong,althoughthereiscompetitionfromtheInternet.Why?Becauseaholidaycardisamorespecial,morepersonalwaytocommunicatethanane-mail.Unlikemostotherletters,holidaycardsareworksofart.Peopleputthemontherefrigerator(冰箱),Christmastreeorwall.

ResearcherPamilaDanzigersaidshedoesn’tthinkcardsareadyingart.“TheremayverywellbepeoplewhohavegivenupChristmascardsandwhoarereturning,”saidDanziger.“Ithinkit’sjustachallengetothevirtual(虛擬的)world.Youmayhave600friendsonFacebook,butreallyonly30ofthemmeananythingtoyou.”So,givegreetingcardssometimetorecover;they’reaholidaytraditionthatwon’tdie.閱讀短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容選擇最佳答案。7.Comparedwithe-cards,traditionalcardsare_____.

A.cheaperbutslowerB.cheaperandfaster

C.moreexpensivebutfasterD.moreexpensiveandslower

8.TraditionalcardsstillmakeupalargepartofthegreetingcardmarketforthefollowingreasonsEXCEPT_____.A.they’remorespecialB.they’remorepersonal

C.they’reworksofartD.they’remoreconvenient

9.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.SomepeoplesendfriendsfamilyphotosonChristmas.

B.Cardsareoftenusedaslivingroomdecorations.

C.Theyoungergenerationpreferse-cardstotraditionalcards.

D.Americanpeoplesentmorecardsin2009thanthisyear.

10.PamilaDanzigermainlywantstotellpeople______.

A.friendsonlinearenotrealfriends

B.holidaycardswillnotdisappear

C.greetingcardsareaholidaytradition

D.somepeoplehavegivenupChristmascards

11.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Howtochoosecardsforholidays.

B.Whatkindofcardstosendforholidays.

C.Usingcardstodecorateourlivingrooms.D.TheholidaytraditionofsendingcardsintheUS.參考答案Passage1【詞匯積累】surgeryn.外科手術(shù)futureadj.未來的tillnow到目前為止raisemoney籌錢【解析】雖然Kelsey不幸患上腦瘤，她卻并沒有放棄生活，而是選擇了堅強面對。在與病魔抗爭的同時，她還盡自己所能幫助別人。她的精神值得我們學習。1.B細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第一句“Kelseywasdiagnosed(診斷)inSeptember2010withabraintumour(腦瘤)whenshewas11yearsold.”可知，Kelsey于2010年9月被診斷患有腦瘤，那時她11歲。故選B。2.B細節(jié)理解題。由第二段第一句“InJune2010Kelseytookpartinawalk-a-thon(步行馬拉松)atherschooltoraisemoneyfortheRonaldMcDonaldHouse.”可知，Kelsey曾于2010年在學校參加了一次步行馬拉松賽；又根據(jù)第三段第一句“Thissummer,theRonaldMcDonaldHouseheldawalk-a-thonandKelseytookpartinitagain,evenwhilesufferingthroughchemotherapy.”可知，今年夏天，雖然遭受了化療，Kelsey仍舊又一次參加了步行馬拉松賽。因此B項為爭取答案。Passage2【詞匯積累】rewardn.獎賞，回報gettogether聚到一起beginwith…以……開始leaveout不包括，冷落passon傳遞，傳承【解析】“一日國王與王后”——這是我們家庭每年一次的野餐聚會給予桌主的獎賞。聚會開始于有13個孩子的外祖父母，媽媽是他們的第三個孩子；而我又是媽媽10個孩子中的老三。我們聚餐在湖邊公園，每家都帶來了充足的食物；我們會特別關(guān)愛需要幫助的成員，因為愛永遠在我們心中。3.A細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Iremembermyfamilygettingtogetheronceayear.”和最后一段第四句“Theypassedonourtradition—tohaveapicnicbythelakeeveryyear.”可知，作者的大家庭每年一次在湖邊野餐。故選A。4.C寫作意圖題。瀏覽文