實例與譯文（15篇）

...wd......wd......wd...第三編實例與譯文1.PRIDEANDPREJUDICE(Chapter1,VolumeI)JaneAustenItisatruthuniversallyacknowledged,thatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortune,mustbeinwantofawife.Howeverlittleknownthefeelingsorviewsofsuchamanmaybeonhisfirstenteringaneighbourhood,thistruthissowellfixedinthemindsofthesurroundingfamilies,thatheisconsideredastherightfulpropertyofsomeoneorotheroftheirdaughters."MydearMr.Bennet,"saidhisladytohimoneday,"haveyouheardthatNetherfieldParkisletatlast?"Mr.Bennetrepliedthathehadnot."Butitis,"returnedshe;"forMrs.Longhasjustbeenhere,andshetoldmeallaboutit.〞Mr.Bennetmadenoanswer."Donotyouwanttoknowwhohastakenit?"criedhiswifeimpatiently."Youwanttotellme,andIhavenoobjectiontohearingit."Thiswasinvitationenough."Why,mydear,youmustknow,Mrs.LongsaysthatNetherfieldistakenbyayoungmanoflargefortunefromthenorthofEngland;thathecamedownonMondayinachaiseandfourtoseetheplace,andwassomuchdelightedwithitthatheagreedwithMr.Morrisimmediately;thatheistotakepossessionbeforeMichaelmas,andsomeofhisservantsaretobeinthehousebytheendofnextweek.""Whatishisname?""Bingley.""Ishemarriedorsingle?""Oh!single,mydear,tobesure!Asinglemanoflargefortune;fourorfivethousandayear.Whatafinethingforourgirls!""Howso?Howcanitaffectthem?""MydearMr.Bennet,"repliedhiswife,"howcanyoubesotiresome!YoumustknowthatIamthinkingofhismarryingoneofthem.""Isthathisdesigninsettlinghere?""Design!nonsense,howcanyoutalkso!Butitisverylikelythathemayfallinlovewithoneofthem,andthereforeyoumustvisithimassoonashecomes.""Iseenooccasionforthat.Youandthegirlsmaygo,oryoumaysendthembythemselves,whichperhapswillbestillbetter,forasyouareashandsomeasanyofthem,Mr.Bingleymightlikeyouthebestoftheparty.""Mydear,youflatterme.Icertainlyhavehadmyshareofbeauty,butIdonotpretendtobeanythingextraordinarynow.Whenawomanhasfivegrownupdaughters,sheoughttogiveoverthinkingofherownbeauty.""Insuchcases,awomanhasnotoftenmuchbeautytothinkof.""But,mydear,youmustindeedgoandseeMr.Bingleywhenhecomesintotheneighbourhood.""ItismorethanIengagefor,Iassureyou.""Butconsideryourdaughters.Onlythinkwhatanestablishmentitwouldbeforoneofthem.SirWilliamandLadyLucasaredeterminedtogo,merelyonthataccount,foringeneralyouknowtheyvisitnonewcomers.Indeedyoumustgo,foritwillbeimpossibleforustovisithim,ifyoudonot.""Youareoverscrupuloussurely.IdaresayMr.Bingleywillbeverygladtoseeyou;andIwillsendafewlinesbyyoutoassurehimofmyheartyconsenttohismarryingwhicheverhechusesofthegirls;thoughImustthrowinagoodwordformylittleLizzy.""Idesireyouwilldonosuchthing.Lizzyisnotabitbetterthantheothers;andIamsuresheisnothalfsohandsomeasJane,norhalfsogoodhumouredasLydia.Butyouarealwaysgivingherthepreference.""Theyhavenoneofthemmuchtorecommendthem,"repliedhe;"theyareallsillyandignorantlikeothergirls;butLizzyhassomethingmoreofquicknessthanhersisters.""Mr.Bennet,howcanyouabuseyourownchildreninsuchaway?Youtakedelightinvexingme.Youhavenocompassiononmypoornerves.""Youmistakeme,mydear.Ihaveahighrespectforyournerves.Theyaremyoldfriends.Ihaveheardyoumentionthemwithconsiderationthesetwentyyearsatleast.""Ah!YoudonotknowwhatIsuffer.""ButIhopeyouwillgetoverit,andlivetoseemanyyoungmenoffourthousandayearcomeintotheneighbourhood.""Itwillbenousetous,iftwentysuchshouldcomesinceyouwillnotvisitthem.""Dependuponit,mydear,thatwhentherearetwenty,Iwillvisitthemall."Mr.Bennetwassooddamixtureofquickparts,sarcastichumour,reserve,andcaprice,thattheexperienceofthreeandtwentyyearshadbeeninsufficienttomakehiswifeunderstandhischaracter.Hermindwaslessdifficulttodevelop.Shewasawomanofmeanunderstanding,littleinformation,anduncertaintemper.Whenshewasdiscontentedshefanciedherselfnervous.Thebusinessofherlifewastogetherdaughtersmarried;itssolacewasvisitingandnews.傲慢與偏見(第一卷第一章)奧斯丁有錢的單身漢總要娶位太太，這是一條舉世公認的真理。這條真理還真夠深入人心的，每逢這樣的單身漢新搬到一個地方，四鄰八舍的人家盡管對他的心思想法一無所知，卻把他視為自己某一個女兒的合法財產(chǎn)。“親愛的貝內(nèi)特先生，〞一天，貝內(nèi)特太太對丈夫說道，“你有沒有聽說內(nèi)瑟菲爾德莊園終于租出去啦〞貝內(nèi)特先生答復(fù)說沒有。“確實租出去啦，〞太太說道?！袄侍珓倓倎磉^，她把這事一五一十地全告訴我了。〞貝內(nèi)特先生沒有理睬?！半y道你不想知道是誰租去的嗎〞太太不耐煩地嚷道?！凹热荒阆敫嬖V我，我聽聽也不妨。〞這句話足于逗引太太講下去了?！芭叮H愛的，你應(yīng)該知道，朗太太說，內(nèi)瑟菲爾德讓英格蘭北部的一個闊少爺租去了；他星期一那天乘坐一輛駟馬馬車來看房子，看得非常中意，當下就和莫里斯先生講妥了；他打算趕在米迦勒節(jié)以前搬進新居，下周末以前打發(fā)幾個傭人先住進來。〞“他姓什么〞“賓利。〞“成家了還是單身〞“哦！單身，親愛的，千真萬確！一個有錢的單身漢，每年有四五千鎊的收入。真是女兒們的好福氣！〞“這是怎么說跟女兒們有什么關(guān)系〞“親愛的貝內(nèi)特先生，〞太太答道，“你怎么這么令人討厭！告訴你吧，我在琢磨他娶她們中的一個做太太呢。〞“他搬到這里就是為了這個打算〞“打算！胡扯，你怎么能這么說話！他興許會看中她們中的哪一個，因此，他一來你就得去拜訪他。〞“我看沒有那個必要。你帶著女兒們?nèi)ゾ托欣?，要不你索性打發(fā)她們自己去，這樣或許更好些，因為你的姿色并不亞于她們中的任何一個，你一去，賓利先生倒作興看中你呢。〞“親愛的，你太抬舉我啦。我以前確實有過美貌的時候，不過現(xiàn)在卻不敢硬充有什么出眾的地方了。一個女人家有了五個成年的女兒，就不該對自己的美貌再轉(zhuǎn)什么念頭了。〞“這么說來，女人家對自己的美貌也轉(zhuǎn)不了多久的念頭啦。〞“不過，親愛的，賓利先生一搬到這里，你可真得去見見他。〞“告訴你吧，這事我可不能容許。〞“可你要為女兒們著想呀。請你想一想，她們誰要是嫁給他，那會是多好的一門親事啊。盧卡斯爵士夫婦打定主意要去，還不就是為了這個緣故，因為你知道，他們通常是不去拜訪新搬來的鄰居的。你真應(yīng)該去一次，要不然，我們母女就沒法去見他了。〞“你實在過于多慮了。賓利先生一定會很快樂見到你的。我可以寫封信叫你帶去，就說他隨便想娶我哪位女兒，我都會欣然同意。不過，我要為小莉齊美言兩句。〞“我希望你別做這種事。莉齊絲毫不比別的女兒強。我敢說，論漂亮，她遠遠及不上簡；論性子，她遠遠及不上莉迪亞?？赡憧偸瞧珢鬯（暋八齻兡囊粋€也沒有多少好稱道的，〞貝內(nèi)特先生答道。“她們像別人家的姑娘一樣，一個個又傻又蠢，倒是莉齊比幾個姐妹伶俐些。〞“貝內(nèi)特先生，你怎么能這樣糟蹋自己的孩子你就喜歡氣我，壓根兒不體諒我那脆弱的神經(jīng)。〞“你錯怪我了，親愛的。我非常尊重你的神經(jīng)。它們是我的老朋友啦。至少在這二十年里，我總是聽見你鄭重其事地說起它們。〞“唉！你不知道我受多大的罪。〞“我希望你會好起來，親眼看見好多每年有四千鎊收入的闊少爺搬到這一帶。〞“既然你不肯去拜訪，即使搬來二十個，那對我們又有什么用。〞“放心吧，親愛的，等到搬來二十個，我一定去挨個拜訪。〞貝內(nèi)特先生是個古怪人，一方面乖覺詼諧，好挖苦人，另一方面又不茍言笑，變幻莫測，他太太積二十三年之經(jīng)歷，還摸不透他的性格。這位太太的腦子就不那么難以捉摸了。她是個智力貧乏、孤陋寡聞、喜怒無常的女人。一碰到不滿意的時候，就自以為神經(jīng)架不住。她人生的大事，是把女兒們嫁出去；她人生的欣慰，是訪親拜友和打聽消息。2.WutheringHeights(AnexcerptfromChapter18,VolumeII)EmilyBronteIwouldhaveaskedwhyMrs.DeanhaddesertedtheGrange;butitwasimpossibletodelayheratsuchacrisis,soIturnedawayandmademyexit,ramblingleisurelyalongwiththeglowofasinkingsunbehind,andthemildgloryofarisingmooninfront;onefading,andtheotherbrightening,asIquittedthepark,andclimbedthestonyby-roadbranchingofftoMr.Heathcliff'sdwelling.BeforeIarrivedinsightofit,allthatremainedofdaywasabeamless,amberlightalongthewest;butIcouldseeeverypebbleonthepath,andeverybladeofgrass,bythatsplendidmoon.Ihadneithertoclimbthegate,nortoknock—ityieldedtomyhand.Thatisanimprovement!Ithought.AndInoticedanother,bytheaidofmynostrils;afragranceofstocksandwallflowers,waftedontheair,fromamongstthehomelyfruittrees.Bothdoorsandlatticeswereopen;andyet,asisusuallythecaseinacoaldistrict,afine,redfireilluminedthechimney,thecomfortwhichtheeyederivesfromit,renderstheextraheatendurable.ButthehouseofWutheringHeightsissolarge,thattheinmateshaveplentyofspaceforwithdrawingoutofitsinfluence;and,accordingly,whatinmatestherewerehadstationedthemselvesnotfarfromoneofthewindows.IcouldbothseethemandhearthemtalkbeforeIentered,andlookedandlistenedinconsequence,beingmovedtheretobyamingledsenseofcuriosityandenvythatgrewasIlingered."Con-trary!"saidavoice,assweetasasilverbell—"Thatforthethirdtime,youdunce!I'mnotgoingtotellyou,again—Recollect,orIpullyourhair!""Contrary,then,"answeredanother,indeepbutsoftenedtones."Andnow,kissme,formindingsowell.""No,readitoverfirstcorrectly,withoutasinglemistake."Themalespeakerbegantoread—hewasayoungman,respectablydressed,andseatedatatable,havingabookbeforehim.Hishandsomefeaturesglowedwithpleasure,andhiseyeskeptimpatientlywanderingfromthepagetoasmallwhitehandoverhisshoulderwhichrecalledhimbyasmartslaponthecheek,wheneveritsownerdetectedsuchsignsofinattention.Itsownerstoodbehind;herlightshiningringletsblending,atintervals,withhisbrownlocks,asshebenttosuperintendhisstudies;andhisface—itwasluckyhecouldnotseeherface,orhewouldneverhavebeensosteady—Icould,andIbitmylipinspite,athavingthrownawaythechanceImighthavehad,ofdoingsomethingbesidesstaringatitssmitingbeauty.Thetaskwasdone,notfreefromfurtherblunders,butthepupilclaimedareward,andreceivedatleastfivekisses,which,however,hegenerouslyreturned.Then,theycametothedoor,andfromtheirconversation,Ijudgedtheywereabouttoissueoutandhaveawalkonthemoors.IsupposedIshouldbecondemnedinHaretonEarnshaw'sheart,ifnotbyhismouth,tothelowestpitintheinfernalregionsifIshowedmyunfortunatepersoninhisneighbourhoodthen,andfeelingverymeanandmalignant,Iskulkedroundtoseekrefugeinthekitchen.吼叫山莊〔下卷第十八章節(jié)選〕艾米莉·勃朗特我原想問問迪安太太為什么丟下田莊走了，但是在這個節(jié)骨眼上是不能耽誤她的，于是我便轉(zhuǎn)身走了，悠閑地信步走去，身后映著落日的霞光，前面迎著冉冉升起的月亮的淡輝：一個漸漸暗下去，另一個漸漸亮起來，我就在這時走出了莊園，登上了通往希思克利夫先生住宅的那條石子岔路。我還沒有望見那座住宅，天已經(jīng)早暗下來了，只有西邊天際還剩下一抹朦朧的琥珀色的余輝，但是我仍可借助皎潔的月光，看清小路上的每一顆石子，每一片草葉。我既不要從柵門上爬過去，也不要敲門——門一推就開了。我心想，這可是一個改進呀！我的鼻孔幫助我發(fā)現(xiàn)了另一項改進：從那些普普通通的果樹叢中，飄來了一股紫羅蘭和桂竹香的芳香。門窗都洞開著。然而，正如煤區(qū)常見的那樣，一爐紅紅的旺火把壁爐照得通明，一眼望去使人產(chǎn)生一種舒適感，覺得也能忍受那過多的熱量了。不過吼叫山莊的堂屋大得很，有的是空地方，可以躲開那熱的威力。因此，這屋里的人就待在一個離窗口不遠的地方。我還沒進門，就能看清他們，能聽見他們在說話，于是便望著，聽著，這是受到好奇心和嫉妒心驅(qū)使的緣故，我在那里留連的時候，這種交織的感覺還在滋長著?！跋啵?！〞一個銀鈴般的聲音說道?！斑@是第三遍了，你這笨蛋！我不想再教你了。用心點，不然我就揪你的頭發(fā)！〞“那好，相反，〞另一個人以深沉而柔和的語調(diào)答道。“那就親親我吧，我學(xué)得這么用心。〞“不行，先給我準確地念一遍，不許有一個錯。〞那說話的男子開場念了。他是個年輕人，穿得很體面，坐在一張桌子邊，面前放著一本書。他那漂亮的面孔喜氣洋洋的，一雙眼睛總也不安分，一次次地從書頁上溜到搭在他肩頭的一只白白的小手上，小手的主人一發(fā)現(xiàn)這種不專心的跡象，就用這只手朝他臉上啪地打一下，讓他收心。小手的主人站在他背后。她俯身輔導(dǎo)他學(xué)習(xí)時，她那輕柔發(fā)亮的鬈發(fā)，有時和他的棕色頭發(fā)交織在一起。而她那張臉－－辛虧男方瞧不見她那張臉，不然他決不會這么安穩(wěn)－－我卻看得見。我咬著嘴唇，悔恨自己丟掉了一個時機，本來可能是有所作為的事情，現(xiàn)在卻只能對著那令人傾倒的美貌干瞪眼。課上完了，做學(xué)生的并沒有根絕錯誤，但是卻要求獎勵一下，獲得了至少五個吻，而他又大方地回報了。接著，他們來到了門口，從他們的談話中，我斷定他們要出去，到荒野上散散步。我想，在這個當口，要是哈雷頓·厄恩肖看見我這個沒福氣的人出現(xiàn)在他跟前，他即便嘴里不說，心里也要詛咒我下到地獄的最底層。我覺得自己心里有鬼，太不榮耀，便悄悄繞了個圈子，想到廚房里去躲一躲。3.Tessofthed'Urbervilles(AnexcerptfromChapter2，VolumeII)ThomasHardyTheyoungergirlsformed,indeed,themajorityoftheband,andtheirheadsofluxurianthairreflectedinthesunshineeverytoneofgold,andblack,andbrown.Somehadbeautifuleyes,othersabeautifulnose,othersabeautifulmouthandfigure:few,ifany,hadall.Adifficultyofarrangingtheirlipsinthisrudeexposuretopublicscrutiny,aninabilitytobalancetheirheads,andtodissociateself-consciousnessfromtheirfeatures,wasapparentinthem,andshowedthattheyweregenuinecountrygirls,unaccustomedtomanyeyes.Andaseachandallofthemwerewarmedwithoutbythesun,soeachhadaprivatelittlesunforhersoultobaskin;somedream,someaffection,somehobby,atleastsomeremoteanddistanthopewhich,thoughperhapsstarvingtonothing,stilllivedon,ashopeswill.Thustheywereallcheerful,andmanyofthemmerry.TheycameroundbyThePureDropInn,andwereturningoutofthehighroadtopassthroughawicket-gateintothemeadows,whenoneofthewomensaid:“TheLord-a-Lord!Why,TessDurbeyfield,ifthereisn'tthyfatherridinghwomeinacarriage!"Ayoungmemberofthebandturnedherheadattheexclamation.Shewasafineandhandsomegirl—nothandsomerthansomeothers,possibly—buthermobilepeonymouthandlargeinnocenteyesaddedeloquencetocolourandshape.Sheworearedribboninherhair,andwastheonlyoneofthewhitecompanywhocouldboastofsuchapronouncedadornment.AsshelookedroundDurbeyfieldwasseenmovingalongtheroadinachaisebelongingtoThePureDrop,drivenbyafrizzle-headedbrawnydamselwithhergown-sleevesrolledaboveherelbows.Thiswasthecheerfulservantofthatestablishment,who,inherpartoffactotum,turnedgroomandostlerattimes.Durbeyfield,leaningback,andwithhiseyesclosedluxuriously,waswavinghishandabovehisheadandsinginginaslowrecitative:“I've-got-a-gr't-family-vault-at-Kingsbere-and-knighted-forefathers-in-lead-coffins-there!"Theclubbiststittered,exceptthegirlcalledTess—inwhomaslowheatseemedtoriseatthesensethatherfatherwasmakinghimselffoolishintheireyes.“He'stired,that'sall,"shesaidhastily,“andhehasgotalifthome,becauseourownhorsehastoresttoday."“Blessthysimplicity,Tess,"saidhercompanions.“He'sgothismarket-nitch.Haw-haw!"“Lookhere;Iwon'twalkanotherinchwithyou,ifyousayanyjokesabouthim!"Tesscried,andthecoloruponhercheeksspreadoverherfaceandneck.Inamomenthereyesgrewmoist,andherglancedroopedtotheground.Perceivingthattheyhadreallypainedhertheysaidnomore,andorderagainprevailed.Tess'spridewouldnotallowhertoturnherheadagain,tolearnwhatherfather'smeaningwas,ifhehadany;andthusshemovedonwiththewholebodytotheenclosurewheretherewastobedancingonthegreen.Bythetimethespotwasreachedshehadrecoveredherequanimity,andtappedherneighbourwithherwand,andtalkedasusual.TessDurbeyfieldatthistimeofherlifewasamerevesselofemotionuntincturedbyexperience.Thedialectwasonhertonguetosomeextent,despitethevillageschool;thecharacteristicintonationofthatdialect,forthisdistrict,beingthevoicingapproximatelyrenderedbythesyllableUR,probablyasrichanutteranceasanytobefoundinhumanspeech.Thepouted-updeepredmouthtowhichthissyllablewasnativehadhardlyasyetsettledintoitsdefiniteshape,andherlowerliphadawayofthrustingthemiddleofhertoponeupward,whentheyclosedtogetherafteraword.Phasesofherchildhoodlurkedinheraspectstill.Asshewalkedalongtoday,forallherbouncinghandsomewomanliness,youcouldsometimesseehertwelfthyearinhercheeks,orherninthsparklingfromhereyes;andevenherfifthwouldflitoverthecurvesofhermouthnowandthen.Yetfewknew,andstillfewerconsideredthis.Asmallminority,mainlystrangers,wouldlooklongatherincasuallypassingby,andgrowmomentarilyfascinatedbyherfreshness,andwonderiftheywouldeverseeheragain;buttoalmosteverybodyshewasafineandpicturesquecountrygirl,andnomore.德伯維爾家的苔絲〔第二章節(jié)選〕托馬斯·哈代確實，在游行隊伍中，年輕姑娘占了大多數(shù)，她們那一頭頭的濃發(fā)，在陽光的輝映下，呈現(xiàn)出各種色調(diào)的金色、黑色和棕色。她們有的長著漂亮的眼睛，有的生著俏麗的鼻子，有的有著嫵媚的嘴巴、婀娜的身段；但是，這樣樣都美的，雖然不能說一個沒有，卻也是寥寥無幾。顯然，硬要在大庭廣眾面前拋頭露面，她們一個個不知道嘴唇應(yīng)該做出怎樣的形態(tài)，腦袋應(yīng)該擺出怎樣的姿勢，臉上怎樣才能消除忸怩的神情，這些都說明，她們是地地道道的鄉(xiāng)下姑娘，不習(xí)慣受眾人注視。她們大家，不僅個個身上都給太陽曬得暖烘烘的，而且人人心里都有一個小太陽，溫暖著各自的心靈。那是一種迷夢，一種癡情，一種癖好，至少是一種渺茫的希望，這種希望雖然可能正在化為泡影，但卻依然活在各人的心中，因為一切希望都是如此。因此，她們大家全都喜氣洋洋，好些人還興高采烈。她們走過醇瀝酒店，正要離開大路，從一道柵門進入草場，只聽一個婦人說道：“天哪！你瞧，苔絲·德貝菲爾，那不是你爹坐著馬車回家來了嘛！〞聽到這聲叫喊，隊列中有一個年輕姑娘扭過頭來。她是個標致俊俏的姑娘－－也許不比有些姑娘更漂亮－－不過她那兩片靈動紅艷的嘴唇，那一雙天真爛漫的大眼睛，又給她的姿色平添了幾分懾人的魅力。她頭發(fā)上扎著一根紅綢帶，在這白色的隊伍中，能夠顯耀這種引人注目的裝飾的，還只有她一個人。且說她扭過頭來，看見德貝菲爾坐著醇瀝酒店的馬車，一路駛來，趕車的是一個頭發(fā)卷曲、體魄強健的姑娘，兩只衣袖卷到胳膊肘上面。這是醇瀝酒店那位開心的伙計，因為是打雜的，有時也做喂馬趕車的差事。德貝菲爾仰著身子，愜意地閉著眼睛，一只手在頭上揮來揮去，嘴里用慢悠悠的宣敘調(diào)唱道：“俺－家－在－金－斯－比－爾－有－一－大－片－祖－墳－－俺－那－些－封－為－爵－士－的－祖－宗－都－葬－在－那－兒－的－鉛－棺－里！〞婦女會的人全都吃吃地笑了起來，只有那個名叫苔絲的姑娘例外－－她見父親在當眾出丑，臉上似乎慢慢生起一陣火辣辣的感覺?！八徊贿^是累了，〞她連忙說道，“就搭個車回家，因為我們家的馬今天要休息。〞“你好天真呀，苔絲，〞她的同伴說，“他這是趕完了集灌飽了黃湯吧。哈哈！〞“聽著，你們要是笑話他，我就一步也不跟你們走了！〞苔絲大聲嚷道，面頰上的紅暈傳遍整個臉，傳到脖子根。轉(zhuǎn)眼間，她的眼圈濕了，目光垂到地下。大家一見真把她惹惱了，便不再吭聲了，隊伍又秩序井然了。苔絲出于自尊，不愿再回頭去看父親在搞什么名堂，如果他真有什么名堂的話。于是，她隨著大伙走到圍籬里的草地上，準備在里面跳舞。到了草場上，她已經(jīng)恢復(fù)了平靜，用柳條輕輕拍打身邊的人，照常有說有笑。苔絲·德貝菲爾處在這個年紀，只是一個純情少女，還沒受過人情世故的熏染。她雖然上過村里的小學(xué)，但是嘴里還多少帶些土話。在這個地區(qū)的方言中，比較典型的音調(diào)，就是ur這個音節(jié)帶來的近似發(fā)音，念得像人類語言中的任何音節(jié)一樣圓潤。苔絲那兩片微微撅起的深紅的嘴唇，天生就會發(fā)這一音節(jié)，不過每說一個字，還沒等口形完全固定下來，下唇就要把上唇中部往上一頂，雙唇隨即就閉住了。她的容貌還隱約保存著童年的特征。她今天游行起來，盡管看上去身姿嬌健，楚楚動人，儼然像個成年女子，但有時候，你能從她的面頰上看到她十二歲時的模樣，從她的眼睛里看到她九歲時的榮耀，就連她五歲時的神態(tài)，也不時地從她唇邊嘴角上掠過。然而，這一點很少有人覺察，也更少有人去關(guān)注。只有極少數(shù)人，大半還是素不相識的人，偶爾打她身邊走過時，會久久地注視她，一時間被她的青春風(fēng)韻所傾倒，心想不知道以后能不能再遇見她。不過，幾乎在每個人看來，她只不過是一個標致如畫的鄉(xiāng)下姑娘而已。4.HarrowWinstonChurchillIhadscarcelypassedmytwelfthbirthdaywhenIenteredtheinhospitableregionsofexaminations,throughwhichforthenextsevenyearsIwasdestinedtojourney.Theseexaminationswereagreattrialtome.ThesubjectswhichweredearesttotheexaminerswerealmostinvariablythoseIfanciedleast.Iwouldhavelikedtohavebeenexaminedinhistory,poetryandwritingessays.Theexaminers,ontheotherhand,werepartialtoLatinandmathematics.Andtheirwillprevailed.Moreover,thequestionswhichtheyaskedonboththesesubjectswerealmostinvariablythosetowhichIwasunabletosuggestasatisfactoryanswer.IshouldhavelikedtobeaskedtosaywhatIknew.TheyalwaystriedtoaskwhatIdidnotknow.WhenIwouldhavewillinglydisplayedmyknowledge,theysoughttoexposemyignorance.Thissortoftreatmenthadonlyoneresult:Ididnotdowellinexaminations.ThiswasespeciallytrueofmyEntranceExaminationtoHarrow.TheHeadmaster,Dr.Weldon,however,tookabroadmindedviewofmyLatinprose:heshoweddiscernmentinjudgingmygeneralability.Thiswasthemoreremarkable,becauseIwasfoundunabletoanswerasinglequestionintheLatinpaper.Iwrotemynameatthetopofthepage.Iwrotedownthenumberofthequestion“I〞.AftermuchreflectionIputabracketrounditthus“(I)〞.ButthereafterIcouldnotthinkofanythingconnectedwithitthatwaseitherrelevantortrue.Incidentallytherearrivedfromnowhereinparticularablotandseveralsmudges.Igazedfortwowholehoursatthissadspectacle:andthenmercifulusherscollectedmypieceoffoolscapwithalltheothersandcarriedituptotheHeadmaster'stable.ItwasfromtheseslenderindicationsofscholarshipthatDr.WeldondrewtheconclusionthatIwasworthytopassintoHarrow.Itisverymuchtohiscredit.Itshowedthathewasamancapableoflookingbeneaththesurfaceofthings:amannotdependentuponpapermanifestations.Ihavealwayshadthegreatestregardforhim.Inconsequenceofhisdecision,Iwasinduecourseplacedinthethird,orlowest,divisionoftheFourth,orbottom,Form.ThenamesofthenewboyswereprintedintheSchoolListinalphabeticalorder;andasmycorrectname,Spencer-Churchill,beganwithan“S〞,Igainednomoreadvantagefromthealphabetthanfromthewidersphereofletters.Iwasinfactonlytwofromthebottomofthewholeschoolandthesetwo,Iregrettosay,disappearedalmostimmediatelythroughillnessorsomeothercause.TheHarrowcustomofcallingtherollisdifferentfromthatofEton.AtEtontheboysstandinaclusterandlifttheirhatswhentheirnamesarecalled.AtHarrowtheyfilepastaMasterintheschoolyardandansweronebyone.Mypositionwasthereforerevealedinitssomewhatinvidioushumility.Itwastheyear1887.LordRandolphChurchillhadonlyjustresignedhispositionasLeaderoftheHouseofCommonsandChancellorofExchequer,andhestilltoweredintheforefrontofpolitics.Inconsequencelargenumbersofvisitorsofbothsexesusedtowaitontheschoolsteps,inordertoseememarchby;andIfrequentlyheardtheirreverentcomment,“Why,he'slastofall!"Icontinuedinthisunpretentioussituationfornearlyayear.However,bybeingsolonginthelowestformIgainedanimmenseadvantageovertheclevererboys.TheyallwentontoLatinandGreekandsplendidthingslikethat.ButIwastaughtEnglish.WewereconsideredsuchduncesthatwecouldlearnonlyEnglish.Mr.Somerville—amostdelightfulman,towhommydebtisgreat—waschargedwiththedutyofteachingthestupidestboysthemostdisregardedthing—namely,towritemereEnglish.Heknewhowtodoit.Hetaughtitasnooneelsehasevertaughtit.NotonlydidwelearnEnglishparsingthoroughly,butwealsopractisedcontinuallyEnglishanalysis.Mr.Somervellhadasystemofhisown.Hetookafairlylongsentenceandbrokeitupintoitscomponentsbymeansofblack,red,blueandgreeninks.Subject,Verb,Object;RelativeClauses,ConditionalClauses,ConjunctiveandDisjunctiveClauses!Eachhaditscolouranditsbracket.Itwasakindofdrill.Wediditalmostdaily.AsIremainedintheThirdFourththreetimesaslongasanyoneelse,Ihadthreetimesasmuchofit.Ilearneditthoroughly.ThusIgotintomybonestheessentialstructureoftheordinaryEnglishsentence—whichisanoblething.Andwheninafteryearsmyschool-fellowswhohadwonprizesanddistinctionforwritingsuchbeautifulLatinpoetryandpithyGreekepigramshadtocomedownagaintocommonEnglish,toearntheirlivingormaketheirway,Ididnotfeelmyselfatanydisadvantage.NaturallyIambiasedinfavourofboyslearningEnglish.IwouldmakethemalllearnEnglish:andthenIwouldletthecleveroneslearnLatinasanhonour,andGreekasatreat.ButtheonlythingIwouldwhipthemforwouldbefornotknowingEnglish,Iwouldwhipthemhardforthat.哈羅公學(xué)溫斯頓·丘吉爾我剛過了十二歲生日，就步入了令人頭痛的考試區(qū)域，而且隨后七年，竟注定一直在這區(qū)域里跋涉。這些考試真讓我傷透了腦筋。主管考試的人最喜歡考的科目，幾乎無一例外都是我最不喜歡的科目。我喜歡考歷史、詩歌和寫作，可他們卻對拉丁文和數(shù)學(xué)情有獨鐘，而每次都是他們說了算。更有甚者，他們在這兩個科目上所出的問題，又幾乎無一例外全是我無法作出滿意答復(fù)的。我本希望他們問些我知道的事情，他們卻總是力圖問些我不知道的事情。我本來躍躍欲試地想顯示一下我的學(xué)識，他們卻要想方設(shè)法地暴露我的無知。他們這樣對待我，其結(jié)果只有一個：我一次次地考不好。我進哈羅公學(xué)的入學(xué)考試，情況尤其如此。不過，校長韋爾敦博士對我的拉丁語寫作抱有寬宏大量的看法，在評價我的全面能力上顯得很有眼力。這就格外了不起了，因為通過考試發(fā)現(xiàn)，拉丁語試卷上的問題我連一道也答不上來。我在試卷上方寫下自己的名字，然后寫下頭一道試題的序號“Ｉ〞。沉思良久之后，我又用括號把它括了起來，于是成了“〔Ｉ〕〞。可是，此后我就再也想不出還有什么與之有關(guān)的或恰當?shù)臇|西可寫了。偶然間，不知從哪兒跑來一滴墨水和幾道污跡。我盯著這令人沮喪的景象，足足發(fā)了兩個小時的呆。最后，仁慈的助教將我的那張考卷連同別人的一起收走了，送到了校長的辦公桌上。正是從這可以說明我學(xué)識的微末跡象中，韋爾敦博士得出結(jié)論：我有資格進入哈羅公學(xué)。他這樣做很值得稱頌。這說明他是一個能看透事物外表現(xiàn)象的人，一個不以卷面成績決定取舍的人。我對他一直十分敬重。由于他的決定，我給及時地編入了四年級三班，也就是最低年級的最低一班。新生的名字按姓氏字母順序印在學(xué)校的花名冊上。由于我的姓實際上是斯賓塞－丘吉爾，以“S〞打頭，因而不僅在比較廣泛的學(xué)業(yè)范圍不占優(yōu)勢，就是按字母排序也占不到什么廉價。其實，全校只有兩個人排在我后面。而且，說來真遺憾，那兩位因為生病或別的什么緣故，很快就不見蹤影了。哈羅公學(xué)的點名方式跟伊頓公學(xué)有所不同。在伊頓，學(xué)生們站在一起，叫到名字就舉舉帽子。在哈羅，學(xué)生們則在校園里列隊從一教師面前走過，一個個地答到。這樣一來，我的卑微位置就給令人氣惱地暴露出來了。那是一八八七年。倫道夫·丘吉爾勛爵才剛剛辭去下議院議長和財政大臣的職務(wù)，在政界依然聲名顯赫。因此，常有許許多多的男男女女聚集在校園的臺階上，等著看我走過。我經(jīng)常聽到這句有失敬重的話：“啊，他原來是老末呀！〞我一直在這卑微的狀況中過了將近一年。然而，我在最低的年級待了這么久，比起那些比較聰明的學(xué)生來，倒獲得了很大的好處。他們都去學(xué)習(xí)拉丁語、希臘語之類的高深的科目，而我卻在學(xué)習(xí)英語。我們被視為智力遲鈍的學(xué)生，只配學(xué)習(xí)英語。薩默維爾先生－－一個令我感謝不盡的、十分討人喜歡的教師－－負責(zé)教授最愚笨的學(xué)生最令人看不起的課程，即用英文寫作。他知道該怎么教。他采取了與眾不同的教學(xué)方法。我們不僅徹底地學(xué)會了句法分析，而且不斷地練習(xí)英文分析。薩默維爾先生自有一套體系。他找來一個相當長的句子，然后用黑色、紅色、藍色、綠色墨水把它們分解成一個個成分：主語、動詞、賓語，關(guān)系從句、條件從句、并列連接從句、別離連接從句！每個都有各自的顏色，各自的括號。這是一種訓(xùn)練。我們幾乎天天練。因為我在四年級三班待的時間是別人的三倍，所以我所受的這種訓(xùn)練也是別人的三倍。我掌握得很徹底。就這樣，普通英語句子的基本構(gòu)造便深入到我的骨髓里－－這可是件了不起的事。在以后的歲月里，我那些曾因?qū)懗銎恋睦∥脑姼韬途俚南ＥD文警句而獲得獎賞和盛譽的同學(xué)，為了謀生或發(fā)跡，又不得不回頭補習(xí)日常英語時，我覺得自己一點都不虧。自然，我是非常贊成學(xué)生學(xué)好英語的。我會讓所有的學(xué)生都學(xué)習(xí)英文，然后再讓聰明的學(xué)生作為一種榮耀而學(xué)習(xí)拉丁文，作為一種雅趣而學(xué)習(xí)希臘文。但是，如果我要鞭撻他們的話，唯一的理由就是沒掌握好英文，我要為此狠狠地鞭撻他們。5.TheUnhappyAmericanWayBertrandRussellItusedtobesaidthatEnglishpeopletaketheirpleasuressadly.Nodoubtthiswouldstillbetrueiftheyhadanypleasurestotake,butthepriceofalcoholandtobaccoinmycountryhasprovidedsufficientexternalcausesformelancholy.IhavesometimesthoughtthatthehabitoftakingpleasuressadlyhascrossedtheAtlantic,andIhavewonderedwhatitisthatmakessomanyEnglish-speakingpeoplesomberintheiroutlookinspiteofgoodhealthandagoodincome.InthecourseofmytravelsinAmericaIhavebeenimpressedbyakindoffundamentalmalaisewhichseemstomeextremelycommonandwhichposesdifficultproblemsforthesocialreformer.Mostsocialreformershaveheldtheopinionthat,ifpovertywereabolishedandtherewerenoeconomicinsecurity,themillenniumwouldhavearrived.ButwhenIlookatthefacesofpeopleinopulentcars,whetherinyourcountryorinmine,Idonotseethatlookofradianthappinesswhichtheaforesaidsocialreformershadledmetoexpect.Inninecasesoutoften,Iseeinsteadalookofboredomanddiscontentandanalmostfranticlongingforsomethingthatmightticklethejadedpalate.Butitisnotonlytheveryrichwhosufferinthisway.Professionalmenveryfrequentlyfeelhopelesslythwarted.Thereissomethingthattheylongtodoorsomepublicobjectthattheylongtoworkfor.Butiftheyweretoindulgetheirwishesintheserespects,theyfearthattheywouldlosetheirlivelihood.Theirwivesareequallyunsatisfied,fortheirneighbor,Mrs.So-and-So,hasgoneaheadmorequickly,hasabettercar,alargerapartmentandgranderfriends.Lifeforalmosteverybodyisalongcompetitivestrugglewhereveryfewcanwintherace,andthosewhodonotwinareunhappy.Onsocialoccasionswhenitisderigueurtoseemcheerful,thenecessarydemeanorisstimulatedbyalcohol.Butthegaietydoesnotringtrueandanybodywhohasjustonedrinktoomanyisapttolapseintolachrymosemelancholy.OnefindsthissortofthingonlyamongEnglish-speakingpeople.AFrenchmanwhileheisabusingtheGovernmentisasgayasalark.SoisanItalianwhileheistellingyouhowhisneighbourhasswindledhim.Mexicans,whentheyarenotactuallystarvingoractuallybeingmurdered,singanddanceandenjoysunshineandfoodanddrinkwithagustowhichisveryrarenorthoftheMexicanfrontier.WhenAndrewJacksonconqueredPensacolafromtheSpaniards,hiswifelookedoutofthewindowandsawthepopulationenjoyingitselfalthoughitwasSunday.Shepointedoutthescandaltoherhusband,whodecreedthatcheerfulnessmustceaseforthwith.Anditdid.WhenItrytounderstandwhatitisthatpreventssomanyAmericansfrombeingashappyasonemightexpect,itseemstomethattherearetwocauses,ofwhichonegoesmuchdeeperthantheother.Theonethatgoesleastdeepisthenecessityforsubservienceinsomelargeorganization.Ifyouareanenergeticmanwithstrongviewsastotherightwayofdoingthejobwithwhichyouareconcerned,youfindyourselfinvariablyundertheordersofsomebigmanatthetopwhoiselderly,wearyandcynical.Wheneveryouhaveabrightidea,thebossputsastopperonit.Themoreenergeticyouareandthemorevisionyouhave,themoreyouwillsufferfromtheimpossibilityofdoinganyofthethingsthatyoufeeloughttobedone.Whenyougohomeandmoantoyourwife,shetellsyouthatyouareasillyfellowandthatifyoubecamethepropersortofyes-manyourincomewouldsoonbedoubled.Ifyoutrydivorceandremarriageitisveryunlikelythattherewillbeanychangeinthisrespect.Andsoyouarecondemnedtogastriculcersandprematureoldage.美國人的憂郁癖性伯特蘭·羅素以前人們常說，英國人享樂時也郁郁不樂。如今，如果英國人真有什么樂趣可享的話，情況無疑還會依然如此，不過英國的煙酒價格構(gòu)成了足以令人憂愁的外因。有時我覺得，這種享樂時也郁郁不樂的癖性已經(jīng)傳到了大西洋此岸，我不由得納悶：這么多講英語的人身體又安康，收入又豐厚，怎么人生觀卻如此消沉。我在美國旅行期間，注意到了一種根深蒂固的憂郁癥。我覺得這種憂郁癥似乎極其普遍，這就給社會改革家出了難題。大多數(shù)社會改革家認為，假設(shè)是消除了貧困，有了經(jīng)濟保障，太平盛世就會到來。但是，無論在貴國還是在敝國，看看坐在豪華轎車里的人們的面孔，卻見不到社會改革家引導(dǎo)人們期待的那種喜氣洋洋的神情。相反，十有八九，我看到的