人教版八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)(下)uni9-10知識(shí)講解+同步檢測(cè)題

Reviewofunits9---10一.重點(diǎn)詞語(yǔ)as的用法prep.①(理由)因?yàn)椤纾篈sitrained，Istayedhome.(多用于句首)②(比較)as...as…同…一樣例如： HeisastallasI(am).③(表結(jié)果、程度)所以，致使例如： Igotupsoearlyastobeintime.Hespokesoloudlyastobeheardbyeveryone.④書(shū)面語(yǔ)雖然…但是；同though注意詞的排序例如： Youngashewas，heworkshard.inthesamewayinthesameway意思為“同樣地，用同樣的方式”，常接在動(dòng)詞后用作方式狀語(yǔ)。注意：way和不同的介詞連用，有不同的意思，區(qū)別如下：intheway就這樣，用這種方式bytheway順便問(wèn)一下ontheway在去……路上例如： Hefinallyworkedouttheproblemintheway.最后，他就這樣解決了問(wèn)題。Bytheway，howoldisyourson?順便問(wèn)一下，你兒子多大了？Onthewaytoschool，hemetanoldfriendofhis.在去學(xué)校的路上，他碰到了他的一個(gè)老朋友。注意：如果Way后接副詞時(shí)，要省略to。如： onthewayhome在回家的路上prefer的用法，寧可，寧愿，更喜歡。(1)prefersth.例如： I’dprefermeat，please.我更喜歡吃肉。(2)prefersth./doingtosth./doing例如：Ipreferdogstocats.我喜歡狗，不太喜歡貓。Ipreferreadingtosinging.我喜愛(ài)讀書(shū)勝過(guò)唱歌。(3)prefertodosth.例如：WouldyouprefermetocomeonMonday?你是否寧可要我星期一來(lái)？(4)prefertodo…ratherthando…例如：Hepreferstowritehislettersratherthanphonethem.他喜歡自己寫(xiě)信，不愿意給他們打電話。neither和either的區(qū)別(1)neither具有否定性詞義。用作形容詞時(shí)，作“兩者均無(wú)／皆非的”解，后接單數(shù)名詞或代詞；用作代詞時(shí)，作“(兩者中)無(wú)一個(gè)”解，與之搭配的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)式，間或用復(fù)數(shù)式；用作副詞時(shí)，作“(兩者中的另一個(gè)(也不”解，將其置于句首時(shí)，其后的主謂語(yǔ)須倒裝；用作連接詞時(shí)，作“也不”解，常與nor連用，構(gòu)成等立連詞，作“(既)不…也不”解，該詞組連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常與鄰近的那個(gè)主語(yǔ)在人稱和數(shù)方面取得一致。如：Neitherstreet/Neitherofthestreetsisclean． 兩條街都不干凈。NeitherBillnorhisparentswereathome． 比爾不在家，他的父母親也不在家。(2)either用作形容詞時(shí)，作“(兩者中)任一的/每一方的”解，后接單數(shù)名詞或代詞；用作代詞時(shí)，作“(兩者中)任何一個(gè)”解，與之搭配的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)式，間或用復(fù)數(shù)式；用作副詞時(shí)，置于否定句或否定詞組之后，以加強(qiáng)語(yǔ)氣，作“也”、“而且”解；用作連接詞時(shí)，常與or連用，構(gòu)成等立連詞，作“或者……或者……”、"不是……就是……”解。如：Thereisabus-stoponeithersideofthestreet． 大街的兩旁都有公共汽車(chē)站。Shehasn'treadthisbook，andIhaven'teither．她沒(méi)有讀過(guò)這本書(shū)，我也沒(méi)有讀過(guò)。It'seitherredorgreen；Ican'tremember.它不是紅色的，就是綠色的，我記不清楚了。alone和lonely的區(qū)別這兩個(gè)詞都有“單獨(dú)”、“孤單”的意思，但各自的含義和用法有所不同。(1)alone可以用作形容詞或副詞，作形容詞時(shí)，只能在句子中充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。它用來(lái)陳述“單獨(dú)一人”、“無(wú)其他人”這樣一個(gè)事實(shí)。如：Youcan'tdothejobalone. 這活你一個(gè)人干不了。(2)lonely只能用作形容詞，在句子中充當(dāng)表語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)。指人時(shí)，作“孤單的”、“寂寞的”解；指地方時(shí)，作“荒涼的”、“人跡稀少的”解。如：IliveallalonebutIdon'tfeellonely. 我一直一個(gè)人生活，但不感到孤單。Thehousewasinalonelyplace. 那幢房屋位于一個(gè)人跡稀少的地區(qū)。cross,across和through的區(qū)別(1)cross是動(dòng)詞，指從一邊到另一邊的動(dòng)作。如：Becarefulwhenyou’recrossingthestreet. 過(guò)街的時(shí)候要當(dāng)心。(2)across是介詞，表示從一邊到另一邊的意思，其含義與on有關(guān)，表示動(dòng)作在物體的表面進(jìn)行。如：Weranacrossthebridge. 我們跑步過(guò)橋。Thebookstoreisacrossthestreet. 書(shū)店在街對(duì)面。(3)through介詞，也可以表示從一邊到另一邊的意思，但其含義則與in有關(guān)，指動(dòng)作在空間里進(jìn)行。如：Ittookthemthreehourstowalkthroughtheforest.他們花了三個(gè)小時(shí)才穿過(guò)那片森林。hope,wish和expect的區(qū)別hope后接todo或從句wish后接todo,Sbtodo,sb/sth+名詞或從句（虛擬）expect后接todo,sb.todo,或從句例如：Ihopetobehappy.Iwishyoutobehappy.Iexpectyoutobehappy.Ihopethatyoucancome.Iexpectthatyoucancome.Iwishthatyoucouldcome.Iwishyousuccess.二．時(shí)態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)和過(guò)去一般時(shí)一樣,也常和表過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。表示過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行著的動(dòng)作：例如：——Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterday? 昨天這個(gè)時(shí)間你在干什么？——WewerewatchingTVthistimeyesterday 昨天這個(gè)時(shí)間我們?cè)诳措娨暋１硎具^(guò)去某一階段在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作：例如：Marywastalkingwithherfriendsthewholeafternoonyesterday.瑪麗昨天整個(gè)下午一直在與朋友們談話。一般過(guò)去時(shí)與過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的用法比較：一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示“在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)”,而過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)則表示“在過(guò)去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作”。如：Tomwrotealettertohisfriendlastnight.湯姆昨晚給他的朋友寫(xiě)了封信。（信寫(xiě)完了）Tomwaswritingalettertohisfriendlastnight.湯姆昨晚一直在給他的朋友寫(xiě)信。（信不一定寫(xiě)完,只是強(qiáng)調(diào)了動(dòng)作的延續(xù)性）。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的差別：一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示“在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)”,而過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)則表示“在過(guò)去某個(gè)特定時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作”。例如：IwasreadinganEnglishnovellastnight.昨晚我在看一本英文小說(shuō)。（可能沒(méi)看完）IreadanEnglishnovellastnight我昨晚看了一本英文小說(shuō)。（已經(jīng)看完）過(guò)去完成時(shí).一般將來(lái)時(shí)：肯定形式：①am/is/aregoingto+do；②will/shall+do.否定形式：①am/is/aregoingnotto+do；②will/shallnot+do.（1）表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)及打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。將來(lái)一般時(shí)用來(lái)表示單純的將來(lái)事實(shí)。將來(lái)一般時(shí)常和表將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如：tomorrow,nextweek,nextmonth,nextyear,inafewdays等。如：He,IIcomenextWeek.他下星期來(lái)。（2）用于狀語(yǔ)從句中。表時(shí)間和條件的狀語(yǔ)從句一般用現(xiàn)在一般時(shí)表將來(lái)，但有時(shí)亦可用將來(lái)一般時(shí)。連詞before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句可用將來(lái)一般時(shí)。如：Itwillbelongbeforehewillcomeback,他要過(guò)很久才會(huì)回來(lái)。（此句重點(diǎn)是before從句）（3）表?xiàng)l件的if從句亦可用將來(lái)一般時(shí)，這種從句的主語(yǔ)多用ito如：Iwillcometomorrowifitwillsuityou.如果對(duì)你方便的話，我明天來(lái)。.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：肯定形式：have/has+done否定形式：have/has+not+done.（1）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)跨在兩個(gè)時(shí)間之上，一是過(guò)去，一是現(xiàn)在。它的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但對(duì)現(xiàn)在有影響（或結(jié)果），而這種影響（或結(jié)果）卻往往是說(shuō)話人的興趣所在，所以常常后面不用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)所表的動(dòng)作離說(shuō)話人的說(shuō)話時(shí)刻可近可遠(yuǎn)，表近距離的。如：Thecarhasarrived. 車(chē)子來(lái)了。（結(jié)果：車(chē)子已在門(mén)口）Someonehasbrokenthewindow. 有人把窗戶打破了。（結(jié)果：窗戶仍破著）（2）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)常用來(lái)表持續(xù)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，亦用來(lái)表過(guò)去重復(fù)的動(dòng)作。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：recently,lately,since...，for...,inthepastfewyearsalready，inthepast等籠統(tǒng)地表過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)邊用。1）用在完成時(shí)常用來(lái)持續(xù)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，亦用來(lái)表過(guò)去重復(fù)的動(dòng)作，如IiVe,study,be,Wait等，常和SinCe（自從）或for（經(jīng)歷）引導(dǎo)的詞語(yǔ)連用。如：Ihavelivedhereformorethanthirtyyears. 我已在止匕住了30多年。2）亦可用有限動(dòng)詞表持續(xù)。在當(dāng)代英語(yǔ)里，有些有限動(dòng)詞已沖破了上述規(guī)則，在某種情況下也可以與SinCe（自從）或for（經(jīng)歷）引導(dǎo)的詞語(yǔ)連用表“持續(xù)性”。如：HehasvisitedChinaforthreedays. 他在中國(guó)進(jìn)行了三天訪問(wèn)。.過(guò)去完成時(shí)：以過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為，或在過(guò)去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去“。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：before,bytheendoflastyear（term,month...）等?？隙ㄐ问剑篽ad+done.否定形式：had+not+done.例如：TheclasshadalreadybegunwhenIcametoschool.三.練習(xí)檢測(cè).單項(xiàng)選擇HegotUP,washedhimselfandthengot.A.dressed B.dressC.todress D.dressing—Whatareyou? —I'mmylostpeneverywhere.A.finding,lookingfor B.lookingfor,findingC.lookingfor，lookingfor D.looking，lookingMyoldgrandpais athomeeveryday.A.aloneB.lonelyC.alonesD.oneselfLook!Somepeoplearetalking___thetreesandsomemonkeysareplaying___thetree.A.ininB.ononC.underinD.underonTheyhadagoodtimelastSunday， they?A.hadn’tB.didn’tC.hadD.didI thisbookfortwoweeks.Ihavetoreturnitnow.A.borrowed B.haveborrowedC.kept D.havekeptTheglass .It bylittleTomthismorning.A.broke，isbroken B.isbroken，wasbrokenC.wasbroken，brokeD.hasbeenbroken，brokenTherearemanytallbuildingson sidesofthestreet.A.each B.every C.both D.eitherHetoldme tobringyou .A.don’t，somethingB.don’t，anythingC.not，somethingD.not，Hisgrandfather fortenyears．A.died B.wasdeadC.hasbeendeadD.hasdied.句型轉(zhuǎn)換Sheteachesmaths.（完成反意疑問(wèn)句）Sheteachesmathes， ?Ididn'tknowaboutthis.Hetoldmelastnight.（用not...until連接兩句子）I knowaboutthis hetoldmelastnight.Hejumpsthehighestinhisclass.（變同義句）Hejumpshigherthananyinhisclass.Theoldmandoesn'tknowthewaytothestation.（變同義句）Theoldmandoesn'tknowgettothestation.I'llringyouupthisevening.（變同義句）I'llyouathisevening.m.選詞填空，用方框中所給詞語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空，每個(gè)詞語(yǔ)只能用一次。big,do,open,without,visitThesupermarket at8:30everymorning.Whichisthe cityintheworld?TomorrowisSaturday.TheBrowns theSummerPalace. you wellinbiologylastterm? theteachers'help,wecan'tmakeanyprogress.W.閱讀理解Thereisnootherfive-year-oldlikehim.Hehasapotato-shapedheadandavoicethatisnoteasilyforgotten.Heisnotatroublemaker,buttroublefollowshimwhereverhegoes.CrayonShinChan（蠟筆小新）enjoysgreatpopularityinChina.HehasmanyfansinHongKong,Taiwanandonthemainland.AndheisoneofthehottestcartoonCharaCterS（卡通人物）inhishomecountry,Japan.But，thetrouble-maker'sshowwasthoughttobetheNo.1mostunwantedcartoonprogrambyJapan'sParents'ASSoCiation（家長(zhǎng)協(xié)會(huì)）onApril18.MorethanhalftheparentswhotookpartinthestudythoughtShinchanwasnotagoodmodelforChildren.TheybelievedhisaCtionsandwordsweregrown-upinnatureandnotfitforkids.ManyparentsandeduCationexpertsinChinaagreewiththem.ShinChan，theysay，isreallyoffensive.“CrayonShinchanisfullofdirtyhumor（幽默）.TheboyshowsSometerriblethinkingwhiChdoesn'tmatChhisage，”saidateacherfromBeijingNormalUniversity.TheteacherfurtherpointedoutthatShinchandestroystheimage（形象）ofapolite,hard-workingboy.SheisafraidthatsomechildrenmaycopyhisactionandharmtheirPSyChological（4理的）development.TheteacherandmanyothersinChinathinkthruShinchanisacartoonforgrown-ups，notforchildren.Butsome，kidsdisagree.Jiangxin，amiddleschoolstudentinBeijing，becameafanofShinchanafterhefirstsawthecartoontwoyearsago.HesaiditwasShinchan'shumor，courage（勇氣），andclevernessthatmadehimandhisfriendslovethelittlecartooncharacter.“Shinchanlooksatthegrown-ups'worldwithakid'seyes，”saidJiang.“Wewatchitjustforfun.”ButJiangalsoagreedthatShinchanisnotgoodforallages.“Itmaynotbefitforlittlekids.Theymaytrytoblindlycopyhim.”Shinchan's"father”,Japan'spopularcartoonist（漫畫(huà)家）,YoshitoUsui,neverthoughtShinchanwouldresultinsuchadiscussion.HesaidthatShinchanisachildishcopyofJapan'smiddle-agedmen.Theboydoeseverythingthatgrown-upswouldliketodo,butdon'tdaretodo.“Peoplecaneasilyexcusehimbecausehe'sonlyfiveyearsold,”saidYoshito.ManychildrenlikeShinchanverymuchmainlybecause .healwaysdoessomethingfunnythecartooncharacterissuitableforallagestheythinkheishumorous,cleverandbraveheisachildishcopyofJapan'smiddle-agedmenTeachersandparentsdislikeCrayonShinchanbecause .helooksveryfunnyhehascausedsuchadiscussionthecharacterwasinventedbyamiddle-agedcartoonistheisthoughtasabadmodelforchildrentofollowTheunderlinedword“offensive”inParagraph5probablymeans .A.humorousB.bad-lookingC.funnyD.unpleasantAccordingtothepassage,itislikelythatCrayonShinchanwillNOT .A.saydirtywordsB.tellliesC.workhardathishomeworkD.makealoudnoiseinclassV.完形填空ThomasEdisonwasafamousAmericaninventor.1hewasachild,hewasalwaystryingoutnew2.Hisparentslovedhimverymuch.3calledhimTom.YoungTomwas4foronlythreemonths.Duringthosethreemonthshe5histeacheralotofquestions.Mostofthequestionswerenot6hislessons.HiSteacherthoughthewasn't7andtoldhismothertotakehimoutofschool.Edison,smotherhadto8himherself.Edisonlearntveryquickly.HereadalotLaterhebecameveryinter4estedin9andinventedmany10things.1.A.BecauseB.IfC.WhenD.And2.A.answersB.ideasC.questionsD.ways3.A.HeB.SheC.TheyD.We4.A.athomeB.onthefarmC.bytheriverD.inschool5.A.askedB.answeredC.gaveD.told6.A.byB.atC.toD.about7.A.kindB.cleverC.badD.forgetful8.A.writeB.playC.teachD.read9.A.scienceB.artC.EnglishD.music10.A.easyB.beautifulC.dangerousD.usefulW.補(bǔ)全對(duì)話IHello，who’sthat，please?I’msorryI’mlate.What’sthedatetoday.Wouldyouliketocometosupper?Howdoyoulikethepictures?It’s