2017年高二英語(yǔ)人教版選修8教案：Unit2CloningPeriod3 Word版含解析

Unit2CloningPeriod3Grammar—RevisetheAppositive（Words，PhrasesandClauses）整體設(shè)計(jì)教學(xué)內(nèi)容分析Thisteachingperiodmainlydealswiththegrammaritem：theappositive.Anappositiveisawordoragroupofwordsthatidentifiesorrenamesanotherwordinasentence.Appositiveconstructionsofferconcisewaysofdescribingordefiningaperson，aplace，orathing.InEnglish，anoun，anounphrase，apronoun，aprepositionphraseorasentencecanallserveastheappositive.Thesentencethatservesastheappositiveisnamedtheappositiveclause.Itformsonekindofthecompoundsentences，whichareveryimportantinseniorhighschool.Soitisofsignificanceforstudentstolearntheappositiveclausewell.三維目標(biāo)設(shè)計(jì)Knowledgeandskills1．Togetthestudentstoknowthestructureoftheappositiveclause.2．Toletthestudentslearntheusagesoftheappositiveclause.3．Toenablethestudentstousetheappositiveclausecorrectlyandproperly.Processandmethods1．Toaskthestudentstoreadthereadingpassageagain，pickouttheappositiveclausesfromthereadingpassageandtranslatethemintoChinese.2．Toaskthestudentstodiscoverthestructureandusagesoftheappositiveclausebycomparingalotofexamplesentences.3．ToaskthestudentstodotheexercisesinDiscoveringusefulstructuresonPage14tomastertheappositiveclause.4．Toaskthestudentstosummarizetheappositiveclause.5．ToaskthestudentstodotheexercisesinUsingStructuresonPage56andsomeotheradditionalexercisesforconsolidation.Emotion，attitudeandvalue1．Togetthestudentstobecomeinterestedingrammarlearning.2．Todevelopthestudents'abilityofcomparingandsummarizing.教學(xué)重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)1．Togetthestudentstomasterthestructureandusagesoftheappositiveclause.2．Toenablethestudentstolearnhowtousetheappositiveclause.教學(xué)過(guò)程Step1Revision1．Checkthehomeworkexercises.2．Dictatesomenewwordsandexpressions.Step2Lead-in下面句子中的畫(huà)線(xiàn)部分在句中作什么成分？1．Tom，our_monitor，isahandsomeboy.2．Imyselfwilldotheexperiment.3．Sheistheoldestamongthemsix.4．Hetoldmethenewsthat_the_plane_had_exploded.上面句子中的畫(huà)線(xiàn)部分在句中作同位語(yǔ)。同位語(yǔ)是句子成分的一種，它位于名詞、代詞后面，說(shuō)明它們的性質(zhì)和情況，它可以由名詞、代詞、名詞性短語(yǔ)或從句充當(dāng)。作同位語(yǔ)的從句叫做同位語(yǔ)從句。Step3GrammarlearningWhatkindofclausesarethey？1．Thehopethathemayrecoverisnotgoneyet.2．Theproblemwhetherweshouldcontinuetodotheexperimenthasbeensolved.3．Ihavenoideawhenhewillcomeback.它們都是同位語(yǔ)從句。在前一單元我們學(xué)習(xí)了名詞性從句，其中我們已經(jīng)接觸到了同位語(yǔ)從句。接下來(lái)我們就詳細(xì)學(xué)習(xí)同位語(yǔ)從句（theAppositiveClause）。1．同位語(yǔ)從句的定義在復(fù)合句中用作同位語(yǔ)的從句稱(chēng)為同位語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)從句是名詞性從句的一種，在句中起同位語(yǔ)的作用，一般放在fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，information，belief，thought，doubt，promise，question等名詞的后面，對(duì)前面的名詞作進(jìn)一步的解釋?zhuān)f(shuō)明前面名詞的具體含義。引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的詞有連詞that，whether；連接代詞who；連接副詞how，when，where等。例如：Theywereallverymuchworriedoverthefactthat_you_were_sick.對(duì)你生病這件事，他們都很焦慮。Thequestionwho_should_do_the_workrequiresconsideration.誰(shuí)該做這項(xiàng)工作，這個(gè)問(wèn)題需要考慮。Wehaven'tyetsettledthequestionwhere_we_are_going_to_spend_our_summer_vacation.我們還沒(méi)有決定到什么地方去度暑假?！糇⒁猓和徽Z(yǔ)從句有時(shí)被別的詞把它和名詞隔開(kāi)。如：Thestorygoesthat_William_Tell_killed_the_king_with_an_arrow.Wordcamethat_their_team_had_won.2．同位語(yǔ)從句的表現(xiàn)形式（1）由that引導(dǎo)。如：Thefactthat_you_haven't_enough_time_to_do_the_workissimplyunbelievable.Thehopethat_he_may_come_hereisnotgoneyet.Thenewsthat_he_has_been_elected_president_of_the_United_Statesistrue.Thetruththat_heavy_objects_and_light_objects_fall_at_the_same_speedisknowntoall.Theproblemthat_she_later_developed_a_serious_lung_diseasebotheredscientists.（2）由whether引導(dǎo)。如：Thequestionwhether_we_need_more_time_to_do_the_workhasnotbeendiscussed.（3）由when引導(dǎo)。如：Ihavenoideawhen_they_will_go.3．同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句在使用中常?；煜覀兛梢詮囊韵聨讉€(gè)方面區(qū)別它們：（1）同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明的名詞大都是抽象名詞；定語(yǔ)從句所修飾、限定的名詞或代詞有抽象名詞，也有具體名詞。如：Weexpressthehopethat_they_will_come_to_visit_China_again.（同位語(yǔ)從句）Thosewho_want_to_gopleasesignyournameshere.（定語(yǔ)從句）（2）同位語(yǔ)從句所說(shuō)明的名詞與從句沒(méi)有邏輯關(guān)系，定語(yǔ)從句所限定的名詞是從句邏輯上的主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)等。如：Thenewsthat_they_won_the_match_is_true.（同位語(yǔ)從句，news和從句沒(méi)有邏輯關(guān)系）Thenewsthat_you_told_us_yesterdayistrue.（定語(yǔ)從句，news是told的邏輯賓語(yǔ)）Theorderwhen_we_should_go_backhasn'treachedus.（同位語(yǔ)從句，order和從句沒(méi)有邏輯關(guān)系）Thedaywhen_New_China_was_foundedwillneverbeforgotten.（定語(yǔ)從句，day是founded的邏輯狀語(yǔ)）（3）引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的連詞that不可省略；引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)系代詞that作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)常可省略。如：Thenewsthat_he_has_been_elected_monitor_of_our_classistrue.（同位語(yǔ)從句）Thenews（that）hetoldmeisexciting.（定語(yǔ)從句）（4）同位語(yǔ)從句與先行詞一般可變成一個(gè)完整的句子，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用be的不同形式。如：Heheardthenewsthat_their_team_had_won.（同位語(yǔ)從句）（＝Thenewswasthattheirteamhadwon.）由此我們可以得出同位語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)易判斷方法：在名詞和從句之間加be，使之構(gòu)成一個(gè)新句子，如果合乎邏輯，句子通順，則是同位語(yǔ)從句（定語(yǔ)從句是不能用系表結(jié)構(gòu)把先行詞與從句連接起來(lái)的）。再如：Thebeliefthat_the_earth_is_flatisstillheldinsomecountries.（同位語(yǔ)從句）Thebeliefisthattheearthisflat.Step4Task-basedlearning1．把下面兩個(gè)句子連成一個(gè)含同位語(yǔ)從句的復(fù)合句（1）TwofifthsofallgirlsinAmericaareonadiet.Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.（2）TheQueenofEnglandwasonafour-dayvisitinChina.Weheardthenewslastnight.（3）Timetravelispossible.Wehavenoscientificprooffortheidea.（4）Teenagersshouldn'tspendtoomuchtimeontheInternet.ManyChineseparentsholdtheview.（5）Studentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime.Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople.Suggestedanswers：（1）ThefactthattwofifthsofallgirlsinAmericaareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.（2）WeheardthenewslastnightthattheQueenofEnglandwasonafour-dayvisitinChina.（3）Wehavenoscientificprooffortheideathattimetravelispossible.（4）ManyChineseparentsholdtheviewthatteenagersshouldn'tspendtoomuchtimeontheInternet.（5）Thesuggestionthatstudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetimeiswelcomedbymanypeople.2．完成句子（1）Thenewsthat____________________（我們隊(duì)贏了）istrue.（2）Ihadnoideathat____________________（你在這里）．（3）Thebeliefthat____________________（條條大路通羅馬）issharedbymanypeople.Suggestedanswers：（1）ourteamhaswon（2）youwerehere（3）allroadsleadtoRome3．翻譯句子，并說(shuō)明畫(huà)線(xiàn)部分在句子中的成分（1）Wedon'tthinkyou_two_have_met_before.（2）Itiscertainthat_John_will_do_well_in_his_exam.（3）Whether_they_are_coming_or_notdoesn'tmattertoomuch.（4）Thefactthat_they_won_the_prizemadeushappy.（5）Nowiswhen_we_need_him_most.（6）Ihavenoideahow_she_got_through_the_forest.Suggestedanswers：（1）我們想你們兩位以前沒(méi)有見(jiàn)過(guò)面。（賓語(yǔ)）（2）約翰肯定會(huì)考好。（主語(yǔ)）（3）他們來(lái)不來(lái)無(wú)關(guān)緊要。（主語(yǔ)）（4）他們獲獎(jiǎng)的事實(shí)令我們高興。（同位語(yǔ)）（5）現(xiàn)在是我們最需要他的時(shí)候。（表語(yǔ)）（6）我不知道她是如何穿過(guò)那片森林的。（同位語(yǔ)）Step5Grammarpractice1．用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接代詞或連接副詞填空（1）Ican'tdecide______bookIshouldbuy.（2）Chinaisnolonger______itusedtobe.（3）Iamveryinterestedin______heimprovedhisEnglishinsuchashorttime.（4）______weneedismoremoney.（5）Thetruth______theearthturnsaroundthesunisknowntous.Suggestedanswers：（1）which（2）what（3）how（4）What（5）that2．選擇填空（1）That'stheonlything______hecandonow.A．whichB．a(chǎn)llC．thatD．what（2）Informationhasbeenputforward______moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.A．whileB．thatC．whenD．a(chǎn)s（3）There'safeelinginme______we'llneverknowwhataUFOis—notever.A．thatB．whichC．ofwhichD．what（4）Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars______roadconditionsneed______.A．that；tobeimprovedB．which；tobeimprovedC．where；tobeimprovedD．when；improving（5）Alongwiththeletterwashispromise______hewouldvisitmethiscomingChristmas.A．whichB．thatC．whatD．whether（6）Thereason______hehastogohomeatonceis______hismotherisillinbed.A．why；whyB．why；becauseC．why；thatD．that；because（7）Theyreceivedorders______theworkbedonerightaway.A．whichB．thatC．/D．when（8）Youcantaketheseat______isfree.A．whenB．thatC．whereD．inwhich（9）Thefilmbroughtthehoursbacktome______Iwastakengoodcareofinthatfar-awayvillage.A．untilB．thatC．whenD．where（10）He'sgothimselfintoadangeroussituation______hewaslikelytolosecontrolovertheplane.A．whereB．whichC．whatD．whySuggestedanswers：（1）C（2）B（3）A（4）A（5）B（6）C（7）B（8）B（9）C（10）AStep6Homework1．Revisetheappositiveclause.2．FinishofftheWorkbookexercises.Step7Reflectionafterteaching________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________教學(xué)資料高考英語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)從句考點(diǎn)分析在復(fù)合句中，充當(dāng)同位語(yǔ)的從句稱(chēng)為同位語(yǔ)從句。同位語(yǔ)從句是名詞性從句（主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句）之一，也是高中英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中的重點(diǎn)語(yǔ)法知識(shí)點(diǎn)之一。在高考英語(yǔ)試題中，涉及同位語(yǔ)從句的考查點(diǎn)主要有以下五個(gè)方面：一、同位語(yǔ)從句在句中的位置1．一般情況下同位語(yǔ)從句跟在某些名詞（如news，idea，fact，promise，hope，message等）的后面，用以說(shuō)明該名詞所表達(dá)的具體內(nèi)容。如：Thenewsthat_our_women_volleyball_team_had_won_the_championshipencouragedusallgreatly.我們女排贏得冠軍的消息大大地鼓舞了我們所有人。I'vecomefromMr.Wangwithamessagethat_he_won't_be_able_to_see_you_this_afternoon.我從王先生那邊帶來(lái)一個(gè)消息，他說(shuō)他今天下午不能來(lái)看你了。2．有時(shí)同位語(yǔ)從句可以不緊跟在它所說(shuō)明的名詞后，而被別的詞語(yǔ)隔開(kāi)，這在語(yǔ)法上叫做分隔式同位語(yǔ)從句。例如：Thethoughtcametoherthat_maybe_she_had_left_the_door_open_when_she_left_home.她突然想起可能在她離開(kāi)家時(shí)沒(méi)把門(mén)關(guān)上。Thestorygoesthat_he_failed_in_the_College_Entrance_Examinations_again.據(jù)說(shuō)他高考又落榜了。二、同位語(yǔ)從句前名詞的數(shù)同位語(yǔ)從句前的名詞通常用單數(shù)形式，并且往往帶有限定詞（word除外）加以修飾。例如：Wheredidyougetthe_ideathatIcouldnotcome?你在哪兒聽(tīng)說(shuō)我不能來(lái)的？Givemeyour_promisethatyouwillcometoourpartythisevening.答應(yīng)我，你今天晚上要來(lái)參加我們的晚會(huì)。三、同位語(yǔ)從句連接詞的選用在英語(yǔ)中，引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的詞通常有連詞（that，whether），連接代詞（who，whose，which，what以及wh-＋ever），連接副詞（how，when，wherewhy以及wh-＋ever）等。如：Therewaslittlehopethathewouldsurvive.他幸存的希望很小。Thequestionwhoshoulddotheworkstillneedstalkingabout.誰(shuí)該干這項(xiàng)工作，這個(gè)問(wèn)題仍然需要討論。Sheraisedthequestionwherewecouldgetthefund.她提出這個(gè)問(wèn)題：我們到哪兒去搞這筆資金。Wehaven'tyetsettledthequestionwherewearegoingtospendoursummervacation.我們還沒(méi)有決定到什么地方去度暑假。在上述同位語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞中，that的適用范圍最廣，在advice，announcement，argument，belief，claim，conclusion，decision，evidence，explanation，fact，feeling，hope，idea，impression，information，knowledge，message，news，opinion，order，probability，promise，proposal，remark，reply，report，saying，statement，suggestion，thought，treat，warning，wish，word等名詞后常常接that引導(dǎo)的同位語(yǔ)從句。例如：Theywereallverymuchworriedoverthefactthatyouweresick.對(duì)你生病這件事，他們都很焦慮。Wecametothedecisionthatwemustactatonce.我們做出決定：我們必須立即行動(dòng)。Hemadeaproposalthatthemeetingbepostponed.他提議會(huì)議延期。名詞doubt（懷疑）后的同位語(yǔ)從句用whether連接；nodoubt（不懷疑）之后的同位語(yǔ)從句用that連接。例如：Wehavesomedoubtwhethertheycancompletethetaskontime.我們懷疑他們是否能準(zhǔn)時(shí)完成任務(wù)。ThereisnodoubtthatZhangWeiwillkeephispromise.我們相信張衛(wèi)會(huì)守信的。whether，what，how可以引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，但不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。如：Hehasn'tmadethedecisionwhetherhewillgothere.他還沒(méi)有做出決定是否去那里。Ihavesmalldoubtwhetherheissuitableforthejob.他是否適合這件工作我有點(diǎn)懷疑。Ihavenoideawhatheisdoingnow.我不知道他現(xiàn)在在干什么。It'saquestionhowhedidit.那是一個(gè)他如何做了此事的問(wèn)題。四、同位語(yǔ)從句的語(yǔ)氣在suggestion，advice，request，order等意為“建議；命令；要求”的名詞后，同位語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞通常用“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”的虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)，句中的should可以省略。例如：Ourteachergaveussomeadvicehowwe（should）usethecomputer.老師給我們提出了一些如何使用電腦的建議。Thesuggestioncamefromthechairmanthatthenewrule（should）beadopted.采納新規(guī)則的建議是主席提出來(lái)的。Thegovernmentgavetheorderthatallthesehouses（should）bepulleddowninthreeweeks.政府下令三個(gè)星期內(nèi)所有這些房子都要拆掉。五、同位語(yǔ)從句與定語(yǔ)從句的用法區(qū)別1．同位語(yǔ)從句和先行詞是同等的關(guān)系；而定語(yǔ)從句是用來(lái)修飾先行詞的，是從屬的關(guān)系。2．that在同位語(yǔ)從句中沒(méi)有詞義，不充當(dāng)句子成分；而在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)等句子成分。3．whether，what，how可以用來(lái)引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句；而它們不能用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。4．從詞義角度看，who，whom，which，when，where，why用來(lái)引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)保持原來(lái)疑問(wèn)詞的含義；它們用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)