（學(xué)生版）專(zhuān)題09 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣-備戰(zhàn)2023年高考英語(yǔ)考試易錯(cuò)題

專(zhuān)題09情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣——備戰(zhàn)2023年高考英語(yǔ)考試易錯(cuò)題【導(dǎo)入】情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和虛擬語(yǔ)氣解題“兩注意”注意一：若句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為原形，在其前設(shè)純空格題時(shí)，注意考慮情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。然后根據(jù)句意或句式結(jié)構(gòu)填入恰當(dāng)?shù)那閼B(tài)動(dòng)詞。注意二：一旦判斷所給動(dòng)詞在句中作謂語(yǔ)，就要考慮其時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)、語(yǔ)氣、主謂一致等，特別是注意虛擬語(yǔ)氣中的時(shí)態(tài)。判斷虛擬語(yǔ)氣，除了常見(jiàn)的if虛擬條件句，還應(yīng)注意其他常搭配虛擬語(yǔ)氣的句型。技巧1意義和語(yǔ)氣判斷法1.(浙江卷)George____________(notgo)toofar.Hiscoffeeisstillwarm.[分析]can't/couldn'thavegone由下文的“Hiscoffeeisstillwarm.”可以看出，喬治應(yīng)該是剛離開(kāi)，不可能走太遠(yuǎn)，表示對(duì)過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情非常有把握的否定推測(cè)，故填can't/couldn'thavegone?！敬鸢浮縞an't/couldn'thavegone所謂意義判斷法就是分析語(yǔ)境并確定應(yīng)填情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的含義。因此熟練掌握每個(gè)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的意義和用法是答題的前提。此外，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主要表示說(shuō)話人的語(yǔ)氣、態(tài)度或情感，所以在解答此類(lèi)試題時(shí)，要從說(shuō)話者的角度去考慮問(wèn)題，結(jié)合具體的語(yǔ)境來(lái)分析和判斷，最后確定所需情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是否符合說(shuō)話者的語(yǔ)氣以及特定的情感需要。1.Jimsayswe______stayinhishouseaslongasweleaveitcleanandtidy.A.must B.can C.need D.should2.You____________havescoldedhimforhispoorperformance.Afterall,hehaddonehisbest.A.must B.should C.mustn’t D.shouldn't技巧2時(shí)間判斷法1.(天津卷)IwishI____________(be)atmysister'sweddinglastTuesday,butIwasonabusinesstripinNewYorkthen.【解析】句意：我真希望上周二參加了妹妹的婚禮，不過(guò)我當(dāng)時(shí)正在紐約出差。根據(jù)句中的but可知“我參加了妹妹的婚禮”只是一種假設(shè)，根據(jù)空后的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)lastTuesday可知，動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過(guò)去，此處表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)，故謂語(yǔ)用“had＋過(guò)去分詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，故填hadbeen?！敬鸢浮縣adbeen虛擬語(yǔ)氣的考查重點(diǎn)在于判斷句子是對(duì)現(xiàn)在、過(guò)去還是將來(lái)的動(dòng)作進(jìn)行虛擬。判斷出時(shí)間后再根據(jù)相應(yīng)的結(jié)構(gòu)或句型確定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式。1.Theworkerswerenotbetterorganized,otherwisethey____________thetaskinhalfthetime.A.accomplished B.hadaccomplishedC.wouldaccomplish D.wouldhaveaccomplished2.Actually,IstarttolearnkungfuwhenIwassevenyearsold,Ihavelongbeenoutofpractice.基礎(chǔ)夯實(shí)考點(diǎn)01情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的基本用法1）can，could與beableto1．表示能力，意為＂能，會(huì)＂。2）may與might1．表示請(qǐng)求、允許時(shí)，might比may的語(yǔ)氣更委婉一些，否定回答時(shí)要用mustn’t，表示＂不可以＂＂禁止＂＂阻止＂之意。2．＂may/mightaswell＋動(dòng)詞原形＂意為＂最好，倒不如＂，may/mightwell＋動(dòng)詞原形，意為＂很可能＂。3）must與need1．must用于否定句，表示＂禁止＂，表示說(shuō)話者的命令或指令，語(yǔ)氣比較強(qiáng)烈。need＂需要，有必要＂，一般用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句中。2.need也可用作行為動(dòng)詞，＂需要,有必要＂，可以用于各種句式中?！厩蓪W(xué)妙記】need的用法助記口訣實(shí)義動(dòng)詞表＂需要＂，后接名、代、不定式。need后接動(dòng)名詞，主動(dòng)形式表被動(dòng)。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表＂需要＂，沒(méi)有人稱(chēng)、數(shù)之變。其后直接加動(dòng)原，多用疑問(wèn)與否定。【易混辨析】dare和need1.dare作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，常用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句和條件從句中，過(guò)去式形式為dared。2.need作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，常用于疑問(wèn)句、否定句。在肯定句中一般用must,haveto,oughtto3.dare和need作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞用時(shí)，有人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化。在肯定句中，dare后面常接帶to的不定式。在疑問(wèn)句和否定句中，dare后面可接帶to或不帶to的不定式。而need后面只能接帶to的不定式。4)will與would1．表示請(qǐng)求、建議等，would比will委婉客氣。2．will和would表示意志、愿望和決心。3．will可以表示一種習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，有＂總是＂或＂總要＂之意。5)shall，should與oughtto1．shall用于第一、第三人稱(chēng)疑問(wèn)句中，表示說(shuō)話人征求對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)和向?qū)Ψ秸?qǐng)示。2．shall用于第二、第三人稱(chēng)陳述句中，表示說(shuō)話人給對(duì)方的命令、警告、允諾或威脅。3．should表示義務(wù)、職責(zé)等，意為＂應(yīng)該＂。4．oughtto表示應(yīng)該。5．shall還可表示法律、規(guī)定和條例中規(guī)定的＂應(yīng)該＂。考點(diǎn)02情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測(cè)的用法1．can用于肯定句中表示客觀的可能性，意為＂有時(shí)會(huì)＂；用于疑問(wèn)句中可以表示推測(cè)，意為＂可能＂，有時(shí)表示一種驚訝的語(yǔ)氣；用于否定句中也可以表示推測(cè)，can’t意為＂不可能＂，語(yǔ)氣很強(qiáng)烈。2．may/might用于肯定句中可以用來(lái)表示不十分肯定的推測(cè)，意為＂有可能＂；用于否定句中也可以表示推測(cè)，maynot意為＂可能不＂，表示一種不太確定的語(yǔ)氣。3．must表示推測(cè)時(shí)只能用于肯定句中，意為＂一定，必定＂，表示十分肯定的語(yǔ)氣(在疑問(wèn)句中或否定句中要用can/could)。4．should用來(lái)表示推測(cè)時(shí)意為＂應(yīng)該＂，即含有＂按道理來(lái)說(shuō)應(yīng)當(dāng)如此＂的意思。考點(diǎn)03＂情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋havedone＂的用法情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋havedone用法musthavedone一定做過(guò)某事，其否定形式為can’t/couldn’thavedonecan/couldhavedone(1)本來(lái)能夠做但卻未做(2)可能做過(guò)某事can’t/couldn’thavedone不可能做過(guò)某事may/mighthavedone或許/可能做過(guò)某事should/oughttohavedone本該做但卻未做，其否定形式表示本不該做但卻做了needn’thavedone做了本沒(méi)有必要做的事情1.＂musthavedone＂表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的肯定推測(cè)，譯成＂一定做過(guò)某事＂，該結(jié)構(gòu)只用于肯定句。2.＂can’thavedone＂表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的否定推測(cè)，譯成＂不可能做過(guò)某事＂。3.＂canhavedone＂表示對(duì)過(guò)去行為的懷疑，用于疑問(wèn)句，譯成＂可能做過(guò)……嗎？＂。4.＂couldhavedone＂是虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的假設(shè)，意思是本來(lái)能夠做某事而沒(méi)有做。Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthewastoocareless.本來(lái)他能夠通過(guò)考試，但是他太粗心。5.＂mayhavedone＂表示對(duì)發(fā)生過(guò)的事情的推測(cè)，意思是＂可能已經(jīng)＂或＂也許已經(jīng)＂，用于肯定句中。6.＂mighthavedone＂表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的推測(cè)，might與may意思相同，但可能性更小。多用于虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)中。7.＂wouldhavedone＂虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示對(duì)過(guò)去事情的假設(shè)，意思是＂本來(lái)會(huì)……＂。8.＂shouldhavedone＂意思是＂本來(lái)應(yīng)該做某事，而實(shí)際沒(méi)做＂。＂shouldn’t+have+done＂表示本來(lái)不應(yīng)該做某事，而實(shí)際做了。含有指責(zé)對(duì)方或自責(zé)的含義。9.＂oughttohavedone＂表示過(guò)去應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際并沒(méi)有做，譯成＂理應(yīng)做……＂，往往表示遺憾。與＂shouldhavedone＂用法基本一樣。10.＂needhavedone＂表示本來(lái)需要做某事而實(shí)際沒(méi)有做。＂needn’thavedone＂則表示＂本來(lái)不需要做某事而實(shí)際做了＂考點(diǎn)04if條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣1）if條件句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣if條件從句從句的謂語(yǔ)形式主句的謂語(yǔ)形式表示現(xiàn)在情況動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式(be的過(guò)去式用were)should/would/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形表示過(guò)去情況had＋過(guò)去分詞should/would/could/might＋have＋過(guò)去分詞表示將來(lái)情況should＋動(dòng)詞原形should/would/could/might＋動(dòng)詞原形動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式wereto＋動(dòng)詞原形2）錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句的虛擬語(yǔ)氣當(dāng)條件狀語(yǔ)從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時(shí)間不一致時(shí)，被稱(chēng)為＂錯(cuò)綜時(shí)間條件句＂，動(dòng)詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時(shí)間做出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整?？键c(diǎn)05從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣1）．用于表示建議、愿望、命令等動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句中常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有：demand，order，require，insist，suggest，propose，advise，request，urge，command，prefer，desire，recommend等。賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣結(jié)構(gòu)為＂should＋動(dòng)詞原形＂，should可以省略?！咎貏e提醒】★suggest表＂暗示＂，insist表＂堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為＂時(shí)不用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。2）．用于主語(yǔ)從句中常見(jiàn)句型：Itisimportant/necessary/urgent/essential/...+that...Itissb’sorder/desire/suggestion/advice/...+that...Itissuggested/advised/demanded/requested/...+that從句謂語(yǔ)形式：（should+）動(dòng)詞原形3）．用于表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request，advice等名詞后的表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句中要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其構(gòu)成是＂should＋動(dòng)詞原形＂，should可以省略。4）．wish賓語(yǔ)從句中的虛擬語(yǔ)氣1.表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的愿望，構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+wish(that)+從句主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式（be一律用were。2.表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的愿望，構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+wish(that)+從句主語(yǔ)+would/could+have+過(guò)去分詞或had+過(guò)去分詞。3.表示將來(lái)不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，構(gòu)成：主語(yǔ)+wish(that)+從句主語(yǔ)+would/should/could/might+動(dòng)詞原形。5）．wouldrather后的賓語(yǔ)從句中，表示愿望，意為＂寧愿；但愿＂。用一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示與現(xiàn)在或?qū)?lái)事實(shí)相反；用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反。6）．在＂Itis(about/high)time＋that從句＂中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用過(guò)去式或＂should＋動(dòng)詞原形＂表示虛擬語(yǔ)氣，注意should不可省略。7）．a(chǎn)sif，asthough引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句和方式狀語(yǔ)從句中常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反用過(guò)去完成時(shí)。8）．ifonly引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中，用虛擬語(yǔ)氣表示愿望。模擬演練Ⅰ、單項(xiàng)選擇1.PoorMr.Perkinshadtowaitpatientlyuntilhiscarwastheonlyonethat______intheparkinglot.A.left B.wouldleave C.wasleft D.hadbeenleft2.I__________togiveyoujustasurprisequizbutonsecondthoughtIchosetoletyoureflectonyourexercises.A.hadintended B.hasintended C.intended D.hasbeenintended3.Ihatetosaythisbutyouneedtostopdoingthingslikethisbecausethey__________meallthetime.A.disturb B.havedisturbed C.disturbed D.aredisturbing4.Charlie'swheelchair______outofpower.Hedroveitintomyofficeandlookedforaplacetochargeit.A.run B.haverun C.hadrun D.wasrunning5.—Youreallydidagoodjob,Robert!—Iwasjustdoingmyjobandanyoneinmyposition___________thesamelikeme.A.mightdo B.coulddo C.shouldhavedone D.wouldhavedone6.Theymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey_________afewmorekilometers.A.droveB.woulddriveC.weretodriveD.haddriven7.Ifthenewsafetysystem________touse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.A.hadbeenput B.wereputC.shouldbeput D.wouldbeput8.Iwaswearingaseatbelt.IfIhadn’tbeenwearingone,I__________.A.wereinjured B.wouldbeinjuredC.hadbeeninjured D.wouldhavebeeninjured9.Ifwe___________theflightyesterday,wewouldbeenjoyingourholidayonthebeachA.hadcaught B.caughtC.havecaught D.wouldcatch10.Ifit_________forhisinvitationtheotherday,Ishouldnotbeherenow.A.hadnotbeen B.shouldnotbe C.werenottobe D.shouldnothavebeen11._______notforthesupportoftheteachers,thestudentcouldnotovercomeherdifficulty.A.Itwere B.WereitC.Itwas D.Wasit12.Whatapity!Youmissedthesightseeing,orwe_________agoodtimetogether.A.had B.willhave C.wouldhavehad D.hadhad13.Ican'tfindmypurse.I___________itinthesupermarketyesterday,butI'mnotsure.A.shouldleave B.musthaveleftC.mightleave D.couldhaveleft14.Withouthiswartimeexperiences,Hemingway____hisfamousnovelAFarewelltoArms.A.didn’twrite B.hadn’twrittenC.wouldn’twrite D.wouldn’thavewrittenⅡ、單句改錯(cuò)下列各句均有一處錯(cuò)誤,請(qǐng)標(biāo)出并改正。（一）1.1fmybrotherwashere，everythingwouldbeallright.2.Ifhehadn’tbeencaughtinthestormyesterday,hewillnotbeillnow.3.Thereforewestronglysuggestedthatsimilareventsareheldeveryyear.badla4.TheanswersheetmustcutfromthenewspaperandsenttoChinaDailyafterthedeadline.5.Wemustfoundwaystoprotectourenvironment6.Somepeoplewhodon’tliketotalkmucharenotnecessarilyshy;theymustjustbequietpeople.7.---It’stheoffice!Soyoumayknoweatingisnotallowedhere.--Oh,sorry.8.Ifyoumadebetteruseofyourtime,youmighthavelearnedmore.9.Eyedoctorsrecommendthatachild’sfirsteyeexamwasattheageofsixmonthsold.10.Itmustn’tbethevocabularythatcausedyoutheproblemintheexercisebecauseyouknowalotofwords.（二）1.I’dratheryousawthefilmyesterday.2.ItistimethatIgotopickupmydaughteratschool.3.IwishIknewthetruthofthematter.4.Ifyoulistenedtothedoctor，youwouldbeallrightnow.5.Youcoulddobetter，butyoudidn’ttryyourbest.6.Ifwetooktheotherroad，wemighthavearrivedearlier.7.Hesuggestedthatwetooktheteacher’sadvice.8.Ifhehadbeenstudyinghard，hewouldworkintheofficenow.9.Butfortherain，weshouldhaveapleasantjourney.10.IfonlyIhavereadthebooksonreadinglistbeforeIattendedthelecture.Ⅲ、語(yǔ)法填空1.TheunmannedChang’e-4probe(探測(cè)器)—thenamewasinspiredbyanancientChinesemoongoddess61．(touch)downlastweekintheSouthPole-Aitkenbasin.2.＂Thisreallyexcitesscientists,＂CarlePieters,ascientistatBrownUniversity,says,＂becauseit67．(mean)wehavethechancetoobtaininformationabouthowthemoon68．(construct).＂3.Thepartsofamuseumopentothepublic40．(call)galleriesorrooms.Ⅳ、短文填空（一）MissFangcouldn’treadforverylongwithoutgettingaheadache.Hermothertoldherthatshe__1__gototheHealthServiceandseeadoctor.＂Youshouldseeadoctorassoonaspossible，＂shesaid.＂You__2__needglasses.＂WhenMissFanghadfreetime,shewenttotheHealthService.Theappointmentclerksaidthatthedoctor__3__seeherat3：30.MissFangrepliedthatshewouldnotbeabletobethereat3：30becauseshehadaclassthen.＂Thedoctor__4__takeyouatabouttentofour，＂theappointmentclerksuggested.＂__5__Iputyoudownfortentofour，orwouldyourathercometomorrow？＂MissFangthoughtshe__6__(not)wasteanymoretime.Theteachershouldn’tbeunhappyifsheaskedforpermissiontoleavetheclassalittleearly,ashewasalwayssokindtoeveryone.Andshereplied,＂IthinkI__7__makeitattentofour.＂MissFangwenttotheclass.Sheaskedherteacher,＂__8__Ileaveat3：45today？I__9__haveaneyeexamination.＂Asexpected,theteachersaid,＂Yes,ofcourseyou__10__.＂真題演練【2021年】1．（2021·天津卷）Itusedtobethatyou___driveformilesherewithoutseeinganotherperson,butnowtherearehousesandpeopleeverywhere.A．need B．should C．could D．must【2020年】1.（2020·天津卷）Jimsayswe______stayinhishouseaslongasweleaveitcleanandtidy.A.must B.can C.need D.should2.（2020·江蘇卷）IfIhadn’tbeenfacedwithsomanybarriers,I_____whereIam.A.won’tbe B.wouldn’thavebeen C.wouldn’tbe D.shouldn’thavebeen【2019年】1.【2019·江蘇卷】Whatapity!Youmissedthesightseeing,orwe_________agoodtimetogether.A.had B.willhave C.wouldhavehad D.hadhad2.【2019·天津卷】Theworkerswerenotbetterorganized,otherwisethey____________thetaskinhalfthetime.A.accomplished B.hadaccomplishedC.wouldaccomplish D.wouldhaveaccomplished【2018年】1.【2018·江蘇】It’s

strange

that

he

_______have

taken

the

books

without

the

owner’s

permission.A.would B.shouldC.could D.might2.【2018·江蘇】Thereisagoodsociallifeinthevillage,andIwishI_______asecondchancetobecomemoreinvolved.A.had B.willhaveC.wouldhavehad D.havehad3.【2018·天津】Ican'tfindmypurse.I___________itinthesupermarketyesterday,butI'mnotsure.A.shouldleave B.musthaveleftC.mightleave D.couldhaveleft4.【2018·北京】Intoday’sinformationage,thelossofdata_________causeseriousproblemsforacompany.A.need B.should C.can D.must5.【2018·北京】Theymighthavefoundabetterhotelifthey_________afewmorekilometers.A.drove B.woulddrive C.weretodrive D.haddriven6.【2018·天津】Ifwe___________theflightyesterday,wewouldbeenjoyingourholidayonthebeachA.hadcaught B.caughtC.havecaught D.wouldcatch【2017年】1.【2017·北京卷】Samuel,thetallestboyinourclass,______easilyreachthebooksonthetopshelf.A.must B.should C.can D.need2.【2017·北京卷】Ifthenewsafetysystem_______touse,theaccidentwouldneverhavehappened.A.hadbeenput B.wereput C.shouldbeput D.wouldbeput3.【2017·江蘇卷】_______notforthesupportoftheteachers,thestudentcouldnotovercomeherdifficulty.A.Itwere B.Wereit C.Itwas D.Wasit4.【2017·天津卷】Myroomisamess,butI__________cleanitbeforeIgoouttonight.Icandoitinthemorning.A. daren’t B.shouldn’t C.needn’t D.mustn’t5.【2017·天津卷】—DoyouhaveBetty’sphonenumber?—Yes.Otherwise,I______abletoreachheryesterday.A.hadn’t