高三英語(yǔ)二輪專(zhuān)項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí)閱讀表達(dá)

PassageTOKYO(Reuters)-Japannstovaccinate6,000medicalworkersandofficerswithstockpiledbirdfluvaccinestochecktheireffectivenessandpossibleside-effects,thehealthministrysaidonTuesday.Then,whichfollowssuggestionsmadebysomelawmakersandexpertsthatvaccinationstakecebeforeafearedflupandemic,willbesubmittedtoapanelofexpertsforapprovalWednesday,anofficialIfapproved,vaccinationwilltakecebeforeofthefiscalyearinMarch2009,andmarkthefirstcaseintheworldinwhichthevaccines--basedonstrainsoftheH5N1fromandIndonesia--havebeengiventosuchalargegroupofpeoplepriortoapossiblepandemic.Japanhasstockpiledvaccinesfor10millionpeopleusingstrainsoftheH5N1,IndonesiaandVietnam.Sofarthe ernment'sstancehasbeentousethemonlyafIfthefirstvaccinationisdeemedeffective,theministrywillconsidervaccinatinganadditional10millionpeople,mainlythoseinvolvedinmaintainingsocialinfrastructuresuchasgasandelectricitworks,theofficialsaid.Whileitisimpossibletopredictwhatstrainofthecouldtriggerapandemic,themainistheH5N1birdfluthathaskilledmorethan200globally.Theernmentestimatesthatinacaseofapandemic,aquarterofthepopulationcouldbeinfectedwiththeandthatupto640,000peoplewoulddie.ThestockpiledvaccineshavealreadybeenapprovedinJapanandhavebeenproducedbytheResearchFoundationforMicrobialDiseasesofOsakaUniversityandtheKitasatoInstitute,theministrysaid.Therehavebeen238humandeathsgloballyfromtheH5N1strainse2003,withVietnamandIndonesiaaccountingformostfatalities,theWHOsaid.WhywillJapanvaccinatesomanymedicalworkersandofficerswithstockpiledbirdfluvaccines?(不超過(guò)8個(gè)字)OnlyunderwhatcircumstancedoestheJapanese ernmentusethestockpiledvaccines?不超過(guò)10個(gè)字） Ifthefirstvaccinationproveseffective,whowillbemainlyinvolvedinthevaccinationatonce?(不超過(guò)8個(gè)字)PassageStartinginthe1800s,hundredsofthousandsofAmericansdecidedtomoveawayfromtheoriginal13coloniesandmovewest.StateslikeOregonandCaliforniadidn’texistyet;infact,noonehadevendrawnacompletemapofthearea.ExplorerslikeLewisandClarkewerethefirsttobravenatureandhostileNativeAmericanstoexploretheland,andsettlerssoonfollowed.Notliketoday-thereareairnesandroads,thetrektotheWestwashard.AndlifeintheWildWestwasWhenpioneersarrivedattheirdestination,theirjourneyonlyjustbegan.Withfewresources,settlershadtorelyonthemselvesandtheland.Huntingwildanimalsprovidedsomefoodandtheleatherforclothing.Newsettlersalsogatheredwildfruits,nuts,andberriesuntiltheycouldnttheirowncrops.Pioneerfamiliestendedtobelarge.Childrenwerehelpfulinnewlands.Girlssoonlearnedimportanthouseholdtasks–gathering,cooking,spinning,weaving,mending,sewing,andmakingsoapandcandles.Boysworkedinthewoodandfieldswiththeirfathers.Theylearnedtochopwood,toclearoutbrushesandtobuildfences.Ofcourse,pioneershadmoretoworryaboutthanjusteverydayhouseholdduties.ThearrivalofsomanyAmericansonthewesternfrontiersparkedawarwithMexicooverland.Aspioneersdemandedmoreland,problemswithNativeAmericantribesalsoreased.ManytribesresistedandfoughtbacktheAmericanernmentandsettlers,butallofthetribesweredefeated.Throughtheirlaborsandaccomplishments,pioneershelpeddefhecharacterofAmerica.Lookingforopportunityandhappiness,familiskedtheirlivestobuildnewcommunitiesfarfromthesettledeastcoast.What’sthewholepassagetalkedabout?（5個(gè)WhywaslifeintheWildWestdifficult?（5個(gè)WhatwastheprobableattitudeofNativeAmericantribestowardsthenewsettlers?（回答詞數(shù)不超過(guò)6個(gè)）PassageDesegregation(廢止種族)ofhighereducationhasproducedsignificantimprovementsineducationforallAmericans.Theopeningupofsegregatedcollegesanduniversitiestostudentsofallracialandethnicbackgroundscameaboutonlyastheresultofmanyformsofprolongedstruggleinthecourts,inthestreets,andoncampuses.Theeffortstoopenuphighereducationalopportunitiesforblacksinhistoricallywhiteinstitutionsalsoledtoexpandedopportunitiesforlowandmiddle–classwhitestudents,especiallyatinstitutionsthatadopted"openadmissions"policiesofacceptingallhighschoolgraduates.Between1960and1981,whilethenumberofblackstudentsbetweensofeighteenandtwenty-fourenrolledollegereasedfrom34,000toover750,000,thenumberofwhitestudentsinthesameagegroupgrewfromjustover2milliontoover6.5million.In1960morethanone-halfofblacksattendingcollegeswereenrolledathistoricallyblackinstitutions.By1981thatpercentagehaddeclinedtojust18percent.Mostoftheblacksenrolledintraditionallywhiteinstitutions,however,wereattwo-yearcommunitycollegesoratfour-yearpubliccollegesthatwerebecomingorhadalreadybecomepredominantly(主要地)black.Desegregationofhighereducationproduceddifficultproblemsforhistoricallyblackinstitutionsthathadalwaysstruggledundergreathardshiptoprovidehighereducationforwhenblackshadbeenbarredfromwhiteinstitutions.Historicallyblackinstitutions,however, toproduceahighpercentageofthemosteducationallyandprofessionallysuccessfulblacksintheUnitedStates.Meanwhile,blacksinpredominantlywhiteinstitutionshaveachievednotableprogress,buttheyhavealsoencounteredvariousproblems.Collegecompletionratesforyoungblackshavereasedconsiderably,buttheyareonlyaboutone-halftherateforyoungwhites.In1981,forexample,11.5percentofblacksagedtwenty-fivetotwenty-nineand21.3percentofwhitesinthatagegrouphadcompletedcollege.BlackscontinuetobeconsiderablyunderrepresentedingraduateandprofessionalschoolsintheUnitedStates.Duringtheearly1980sblackscomprisedabout6percentofstudentsingraduateschoolandmedicalschoolandabout4percentofalllawschoolstudents.Blacksalsoreceivedabout4percentofalldoctoraldegrees,butoverhalfofthesedegreeswereconferredinonedisciplineeducation.Ingeneral,sethecryof"reversediscrimination"wasraisedduringthemiddleofthe1970s,blackprogressinhighereducationhasbeenslowedandperhapsevenWhatbroughtabouttheopeningupofsegregatedcollegesanduniversities?(回答詞數(shù)不超過(guò)7個(gè)) Accordingtothepassage,wheredidthemosteducationalandprofessionalsuccessfulblacksgraduatefrom?(回答詞數(shù)不超過(guò)5個(gè))WhatcanbeinferredaboutthehighereducationforblacksintheUnitedStates?(回答詞數(shù)不超過(guò)10個(gè))PassageCultureshockisaspecialdiseaseforpeoplewhohavesuddenlymovedtoaforeignLikemostillnesses,ithasitsownsymptomsandCultureshockiscausedbytheanxietythatresultsfromlosingallfamiliarsignsofsocialcommunication.Thosesignsludemanywaysinwhichweareusedtothesituationofdailylife:whentoshakehandsandwhattosay,whenwemeetpeople,whenandhowtogivetips,howtodoshop,whentoacceptandrefuseinvitations,whentotakestatementsseriouslyandwhennot.Thesesigns,whiaybewords,gestures,facialexpressions,orcustoms,areacquiredbyallofusinthecourseofgrowingupandasmuchapartofourcultureasthelanguagewespeakorthebeliefsweaccept.Allofusdependonhundredsofthesesigns,mostofwhichwedonotcarryonthelevelofconsciousawareness.Nowwhena entersastrangeculture,allormostofthesefamiliarsignsareeliminated.Nomatterhowbroadmindedorfullofgoodwillyoumaybe,aseriesofsupportshavebeenremovedfromunderyou,followedbyafeelingoffailureinmuchthesameway.Firsttheyrejecttheenvironmentwhichcausesdiscomfort."Thewaysofthehostcountryarebadbecausetheymakeusfeelbad."Whenforeignersinastrangelandgettogethertocominaboutthehostcountryanditspeople,youcanbesurethattheyaresufferingfromcultureshock.Anotherphraseofcultureshockisregression()?Thehomeenvironmentsuddenlybecomesveryimportant.Totheforeigner,everythingbecomesunreasonablybeautified.Allthedifficultiesandproblemsareforgottenandonlythegoodthingsbackhomeareremembered.Itusuallytakesatriphometobringonebacktoreality.Inwhatsituationdopeoplesufferfromcultureshock?8個(gè)Whatdopeoplesufferingfromcultureshockusuallydo9個(gè)Whatcausescultureshockaccordingtothepassage?10個(gè)PassageResourcescanbesaidtobescarceinbothanabsoluteandrelativesense:thesurfaceoftheEarthisfinite,imposingabsolutescarcity;butthescarcitythatconcernseconomistsistherelativescarcityofresourcesindifferentuses.Materialsusedforonepurposecannotatthesametimebeusedforotherpurposes;ifthetyofaninputislimited,thereaseduseofitinonemanufacturingprocessmustcauseittobecomelessavailableforotheruses.Thecostofaproductintermsofmoneymaynotmeasureitstruecosttosociety.Thetruecostof,say,theconstructionofasu ic(超聲速的)jetisthevalueoftheschoolsandrefrigeratorsthatwillneverbebuiltasaresult.Everyactofproductionusesupsomeofsociety'savailableresources;itmeanstheforegoingofanopportunitytoproducesomethingelse.Indecidinghowtouseresourcesmosteffectivelytosatisfythewantsofthecommunity,thisopportunitycostmustultimaybetakenintoaccount.Inamarketeconomythepriceofagoodandthetyddependonthecostofmakingit,andthatcost,ultimay,isthecostofnotmakingothergoods.Themarketmechanismensthisrelationship.Thecostof,say,apairofshoesisthepriceoftheleather,thelabor,thefuel,andotherelementsusedupinproducingthem.Butthepriceoftheseinputs,inturn,dependsonwhattheycanproduceelsewhereiftheleathercanbeusedtoproducehandbagsthatarevaluedhighlybyconsumers,thepricesofleatherwillbebidupcorrespondingly.Howcanwedealwiththerelativescarcityofresources9個(gè)Accordingtothepassage,whatistherelationshipbetweenproductionandresources回答詞數(shù)不超過(guò)8個(gè))Whatdoesthispassagemainlydiscuss?6個(gè)PassageLet'spretendwe'resailingdowntheRhineRiveronapleasureboat.TheRhineisoneofthemainwaterwaysofGermanyandtherivertrafficisheavy.It'sinterestingtowatchthemanyboatsgoingupanddowntheriver.Buttherivertrafficisnotnearlysointerestingasthebeautifulsceneryalongthebanksandhillsides.Theboatispassingmanyoldcastles.Wecanseepeopleworkinginthevineyards(葡萄園)onthehillsides.Therearevineyardsasfarastheeyecansee.WinefromtheRhineValleyiswell-knownallovertheworld.Suddenlyourboatslowsdownandbeginstoturnalittle.Wearecomingtoasharpbendintheriver.Onourrightwecanseearockycliffover400feethigh.Atfirstitlooksquiteordinary,butthereisnothingordinaryaboutit.Therearemanystories,poems,andsongsaboutthecliff.WearelookingattheLorelei.ThensomeoneontheboatbeginstosinginGerman,thesongoftheLorelei.Itisasongaboutasirenwhohasluredmanysailorstotheirdeaths.Thebeautyissupposedtositontherockcombingherlonggoldenhairandsinging.Thesailorswhohearherforgettosteer,andthecurrentofriverhurlstheirboatsontherocksanddashesthemtopieces.Soonotherpeopleontheboatbegintosing.Thebeautifulsongaddstospecialmagictothemoment,andyoubegintorealizewhysomanypeoplehavemadethistripdowntheRhoseetherockoftheLorelei.WhatisthesongoftheLoreleiabout?(8個(gè)WhatistheRhineValleyfamousfor?6個(gè)What'sthewriter'sopinionabouttherockycliff5個(gè)PassageWildanimalsseemtohaveescapedthenOceantsunami,addingweighttonotionsthattheypossessa"sixthsense"fordisasters,expertssaidonThursday.SriLankanwildlifeofficialshavesaidthegiantwavesthatkilledover24,000peoplealongthenOceanisland'scoastseeminglymissedwildbeasts,withnodeadanimalsfound."Noelephantsaredead,notevenadeadhareorrabbit.Ithinkanimalscansensedisaster.Theyhaveasixthsense.Theyknowwhenthingsarehappening."H.D.Ratnayake,deputydirectorofSriLanka'sWildlifeDepartment,saidonWednesday.Thewaveswashedfloodwatersupto3km(2)inlandatYalaNationalParkintheravagedsoutheast,SriLanka'sbiggestwildlifereserveandhometohundredsofwildelephantsandseveralleopards."Therehasbeenalotofanecdotalevidenceaboutdogsbarkingorbirdsmigratingbeforevolcaniceruptionsorearthquakes.Butithasnotbeenproven,"saidMatthewvanLierop,ananimalbehaviourspecialistatJohannesburgZoo."Therehavebeennospecificstudiesbecauseyoucan'treallytestitinalaborfieldsetting,"hesaid.Otheragreedwiththisassessment."Wildlifeseemstobeabletocertainphenomenon,especiallybirds.Therearemanyreportsofbirdsdetectingcomingdisasters,"saidCliveWalker,whohaswrittenseveralbooksonAfricanwildlife.AnimalscertainlyrelyontheknownsensessuchassmellorhearingtoavoiddangersuchasThe.notionofananimal"sixthsense"orsomeothermythicalpower-isanenduringonewhichtheevidenceonSriLanka'sbatteredcoastislikelytoaddto.TheRomanssawowlsassignsofimpendingdisasterandmanyancientculturesviewedelephantsassacredanimalsendowedwithspecialpowersorattributes.ThetsunamiwastriggeredbyanearthquakeinthenOceanonSunday.ItkilledtensofthousandsofpeopleinAsiaandEastAfrica.Whatdoestheterm“sixthsense”inthetextmean?8個(gè)Whatistheauthor'spurposetoquoteCliveWalker'swords?8個(gè) Intheauthor'sopinion,whycouldwildanimalshaveescapedthe nOceantsunami?(回答詞數(shù)不超過(guò)8個(gè))PassageNativeAtfirstKatethoughttheRomaniangirlcouldnotspeakandunderstandEnglish.NadiawouldnotreplytoanythingKatesaid.KatewashargeofshowingNadiaaroundonherfirstdayatBuckminsterGradeSchool.KatecouldnotfigureoutwhytheschoolhadputNadiainaclasswhereshecouldnotunderstandwhatpeopleweresaying."Whydidtheydothis?"Katewonderedaloud."Imean,youcan'tlearnifyoucan'tunderstandtheteacher."Nadia'svoicewasawhisper."IunderstandEnglish.1willlearn."Nadia'sEnglishwasKatewasperplexed.Shecouldn'tunderstandwhyNadiadidnotliketospeak.Thensherealizedthatmovingtoanewcountryprobablywasn'ttheeasiestthingtodo.Therewerehundredsofunfamiliarandunusualthingstolearn-allatthesametime."There'realotofnewthingstolearn,huh?"saidNadianoddedrapidly.Inaquietvoiceshereplied,"Manythingspeoplesay,Idonotunderstand.IhavebeenspeakingEnglishandRomanilmylife,butIdonotknowwhatsomechildrenaresaying.Forexample,yesterdayaboyaskedifIcouldhelphimfindtheUSBportonathinblackboxhewascarrying.Isn'taportaceforships?Iwasconfused.""Don'tworry,"saidKate."You'llfigureeverythingoutintime.Yousee,thatthinblackboxwasacomputer.AUSBportisacewhereyoucanconnectothermachinestoacomputer."NadiaandKatewerequietafterthat.TheytooknoteswhiletheteachergaveamathsToKate'surprise,NadiaputupherhandandofferedtoanswerquestionsattheNadiahandledeveryquestiontheteachergaveher.Someofthequestionswerereallydifficult,andnooneunderstoodwhatwasgoingonexceptNadiaandtheteacher.WhentheteachersaidthatNadiaansweredeverythingcorrectly,thewholeclassclappedtheirhands.NadiawassmilingwhenshesatbackdownnexttoKate."Somethings,"shesaidinanormalvoice,"arethesameallovertheworld."WhatmadeKateperplexed?(5個(gè)Whydidn'tNadialiketospeak?10個(gè)AtthebeginningNadiawasveryshy.Butwhatdoyouknowaboutherlater?回答詞數(shù)不超過(guò)6個(gè))PassageWhatwouldyoufahungrysharkattackedWhysharksNooneknowswhysharksattackpeople.Scientistssaythatitmaybeacaseofmistakenidentity?Toashark,aswimmercanlooklikeaseal(海豹).Andmanysharkseatseals.Tourismmaybeabiggerproblem.Manypeoplewanttoseesharksupclose.Sotheythrowfishpartsintothesea.Hungrysharksthenswimtowardthetourists'boats.Sharksmaylearntogotothesamecesagainandagaintofindfood.Sharksmaynotevenlikehowpeopletaste.Scientistspointoutthatsharksoftenleaveafterjustonebite.Ofcourse,evenasinglesharkbitecanbedeadly.Who'safraidofSharkattacksarenasty.Luckily,theyarealsorare.Worldwide,sharksattackfewerthanahundredpeopleayear.Onlyaboutsixdie.Overall,though,sharkshavefarmorereasonstofearusthanwehavetofearthem.AllsortsofAbout400sharkspeciesswimintheworld'soceanstoday.Theycomeinallsizes.Sharkseatotheranimals.Nowlet'smeetafewsharks.Thewhalesharkisthelargestfishinthesea.Fullygrown,itcanbeaslongasaschoolbus.Yetitdoesnothuntlargeanimals.Insteadthissharkswimswithitsmouthwideopen.Itgatherssardines(沙丁魚(yú))'tinyanimalsandnts.Anangelsharkhidesinsandandmudontheseafloor.Whenaschooloffishswimsby,thesharksnatchesdinnerwithitsjaws.Nearly5,000sharpteethlhemouthofagreatwhiteshark.Whenonefallsout,anotherrecesit.Thoseteethhelpthesharkhunt.Yetitdoesn'tchewfood.Itgulps(吞咽).Greatwhitesgetblamedformostsharkattacks.Buttheattacksoftigerandbullsharkscanalsobedangerous.Socanafewotherspecies.DeepAsdeadlyassomesharkslook,thefearsomefisharenotunstoppable.Nearly80sharkspeciesareindangerofdyingout."Timeisrunningoutforthesespecies."saysSonjiaFordham,ascientistattheOceanProgramstoprotectsharksandtheirhabitatareurgentlyneededtoensurethatthesespeciesWhat’sthepresentsituationofsharkspeciesintheworld5個(gè)Whatkindofsharkisthemostdangerous2個(gè)Whatisthescientistsattitudetowardsthefutureofsharks?6個(gè)Passage1KNEWbeforecomingtothatstudentshadareputationfortheirrediblestudyhabits.ButuponarrivinghinaandattendingaschoolIwastakenbackbythedisciplineanddeterminationbystudents.ThefamilyIstayedwithhadtwodaughterswhodisyedthesamezeal(熱忱).Duringalmosteverywakingmomenttheystudy.TosomeextentIadmirestudentsforalltheefforttheyputintotheirstudies,butclthatstudyingreallybenefita Itriedthewayofstudyingforamonth,gettingupearlytostudylikemystudyingbeforeandafterlunchanddinner,andsometimeslateatnight.Ifoundmyselffatigue,restlessnessandwasunabletorememberwhatIreadlateatnight.MyeyeswereheavyandIwasirritable(易怒的). studentshavestudiedlikethisforyearsdespitethemanynegativesideButformeIthinkitisbettertobalanceoutallofthatstudyingwithotherListentoclassicalorsoftmusic.Gotobedatareasonabletimeinsteadofstudyingintothenight.Itwon'tdoyouanygoodifyou'retootiredtoconcentrateonthatbigtestthenextday.Taketimewithyourfriendstorelax.Exerciseisalsoveryrelaxingandstimulatingtoyourbodyandmind.Trythesetipsoutsometimes,andIthinkthey'lldoyouaworldofgood. students’impressionontheauthorbeforearriving?(4個(gè)Whataretheauthor’stipsforusstudents?(回答詞數(shù)不超過(guò)11個(gè)Whydidtheauthorfeelfatigueand PassageThebiggestsafetythreatfacingairlinestodaymaynotbeaterroristwithagun,butthemanwiththeportablecomputerin"businessclass.Inthelast15years,pilotshavereportedthatwellover100accidentscouldhavebeencausedbyelectromaicinterference(干擾)?Thesourceofthisinterferenceremainsunconfirmed,butreasingly,expertsarepointingtheblameatportableelectronicdevicessuchasportablecomputers,radioandcassetteyersand RTCA,anorganizationwhichadvisestheaviation()industry,hasrecommendedthatallairlinesbansuchdevicesfrombeingusedduring"critical"stagesofflight,particularlytakingoffandlanding.Someexpertshavegonefurther,callingforatotalbanduringallflights.Currently,rulesonusingthesedevicesareleftuptoindividualairlines.Andalthoughsomeairlinesprohibitpassengersfromusingsuchequipmentduringtake-offandlanding,mostarereluctanttoenatotalban,giventhatmanypassengerswanttoworkduringflights.Thedifficultyispredictinghowelectromaicfieldsmightaffectanaircraft'scomputers.Expertsknowthatportabledevicesgiveoutradiationwhichaffectsthosewavelengthswhichaircraftusefornavigationandcommunication.But,becausetheyhavenotbeenabletoreproducetheseeffectsinalaboratory,theyhavenowayofknowingwhethertheinterferencemightbedangerousornot.Thefactthataircraftmaybevulnerable易受損的)tointerferenceraisestheriskthatterroristsmayuseradiosystemsinordertodamagenavigationequipment.Aworry,though,isthatthepassengerwhocan'theartheinstructionswillnotturnoffhisradiobecausethemusic'stooWhatcouldsomeaircraftshaveresultedfrom?(回答詞數(shù)不超過(guò)三個(gè) Whydofewairlineswanttoimposeatotalbanontheirpassengersusingelectronicdevices?(回答詞數(shù)不超過(guò)10個(gè))Whatisthepassagemainlyabout8個(gè)PassageBeijing(Xinhua)Blind pianistSunYan,23,willgiveaconcertatthePeople'sLiberationArmyTheatreindowntownBeijing.Sun,astudentatthewell-known CentralConservatoryofMusic,wasbornwithcataracts(白內(nèi)障),whichcausedhimtobecomeblind.Hestartedlearningtoythepianowhenhewasthreeyearsoldandimmediaygainedacclaim(喝彩)asapianovirtuosoatofGuoShulan,headoftheCCCM,saidSunwasthefirstblindstudenttheschoolhadeverreceivedinitshalf-centuryhistory.Thewell-knownpianoteacherYangJun,taughtallyandfoundthathewasapianotalentandhadstrongAthisconcert,Sunwillyadozenmasterpiecesbycomposers,suchasBach,BeethovenandChopin."Commonpianoyersmayhavealookattheselonganddifficultmusicalpieceswhileying,butSunwouldhavetospendamuch,muchlongertimetofullymemorizeapiecemusic."